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The Oscillatory Profile Induced by the Anxiogenic Drug FG-7142 in the Amygdala-Hippocampal Network Is Reversed by Infralimbic Deep Brain Stimulation: Relevance for Mood Disorders. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070783. [PMID: 34356846 PMCID: PMC8301458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression exhibit high comorbidity and share the alteration of the amygdala–hippocampal–prefrontal network, playing different roles in the ventral and dorsal hippocampi. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex in rodents or the human equivalent—the subgenual cingulate cortex—constitutes a fast antidepressant treatment. The aim of this work was: (1) to describe the oscillatory profile in a rodent model of anxiety, and (2) to deepen the therapeutic basis of infralimbic deep brain stimulation in mood disorders. First, the anxiogenic drug FG-7142 was administered to anaesthetized rats to characterize neural oscillations within the amygdala and the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. Next, deep brain stimulation was applied. FG-7142 administration drastically reduced the slow waves, increasing delta, low theta, and beta oscillations in the network. Moreover, FG-7142 altered communication in these bands in selective subnetworks. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex reversed most of these FG-7142 effects. Cross-frequency coupling was also inversely modified by FG-7142 and by deep brain stimulation. Our study demonstrates that the hyperactivated amygdala–hippocampal network associated with the anxiogenic drug exhibits an oscillatory fingerprint. The study contributes to comprehending the neurobiological basis of anxiety and the effects of infralimbic deep brain stimulation.
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Molecular docking and density functional theory studies of potent 1,3-disubstituted-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles antifilarial compounds. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Beato A, Gori A, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M, Haudecoeur R. β-Carboline as a Privileged Scaffold for Multitarget Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33528252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural β-carboline alkaloids display similarities with neurotransmitters that can be favorably exploited to design bioactive and bioavailable drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Several AD targets are currently and intensively being investigated, divided in different hypotheses: mainly the cholinergic, the amyloid β (Aβ), and the Tau hypotheses. To date, only symptomatic treatments are available involving acetylcholinesterase and NMDA inhibitors. On the basis of plethoric single-target structure-activity relationship studies, the β-carboline scaffold was identified as a powerful tool for fostering activity and molecular interactions with a wide range of AD-related targets. This knowledge can undoubtedly be used to design multitarget-directed ligands, a highly relevant strategy preferred in the context of multifactorial pathology with intricate etiology such as AD. In this review, we first individually discuss the AD targets of the β-carbolines, and then we focus on the multitarget strategies dedicated to the deliberate design of new efficient scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthonin Gori
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHANEL Parfums Beauté, F-93500 Pantin, France
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Sireesha R, Sreenivasulu R, Chandrasekhar C, Jadav SS, Pavani Y, Rao MVB, Subbarao M. Design, synthesis, anti-cancer evaluation and binding mode studies of benzimidazole/benzoxazole linked β-carboline derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Bousquet P, Hudson A, García-Sevilla JA, Li JX. Imidazoline Receptor System: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:50-79. [PMID: 31819014 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.016311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazoline receptors historically referred to a family of nonadrenergic binding sites that recognize compounds with an imidazoline moiety, although this has proven to be an oversimplification. For example, none of the proposed endogenous ligands for imidazoline receptors contain an imidazoline moiety but they are diverse in their chemical structure. Three receptor subtypes (I1, I2, and I3) have been proposed and the understanding of each has seen differing progress over the decades. I1 receptors partially mediate the central hypotensive effects of clonidine-like drugs. Moxonidine and rilmenidine have better therapeutic profiles (fewer side effects) than clonidine as antihypertensive drugs, thought to be due to their higher I1/α 2-adrenoceptor selectivity. Newer I1 receptor agonists such as LNP599 [3-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-2-yl)-amine hydrochloride] have little to no activity on α 2-adrenoceptors and demonstrate promising therapeutic potential for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. I2 receptors associate with several distinct proteins, but the identities of these proteins remain elusive. I2 receptor agonists have demonstrated various centrally mediated effects including antinociception and neuroprotection. A new I2 receptor agonist, CR4056 [2-phenyl-6-(1H-imidazol-1yl) quinazoline], demonstrated clear analgesic activity in a recently completed phase II clinical trial and holds great promise as a novel I2 receptor-based first-in-class nonopioid analgesic. The understanding of I3 receptors is relatively limited. Existing data suggest that I3 receptors may represent a binding site at the Kir6.2-subtype ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells and may be involved in insulin secretion. Despite the elusive nature of their molecular identities, recent progress on drug discovery targeting imidazoline receptors (I1 and I2) demonstrates the exciting potential of these compounds to elicit neuroprotection and to treat various disorders such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bousquet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Alan Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
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6
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Herbal Medicinal Products from Passiflora for Anxiety: An Unexploited Potential. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:6598434. [PMID: 32765195 PMCID: PMC7387951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6598434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines containing Passiflora species have been widely used to treat anxiety since ancient times. The species Passiflora incarnata L. is included in many Pharmacopoeias, and it is the most used species in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there are around 600 species of the genus Passiflora and probably other species that can be used safely. Thus, this article was based on a search into the uses of the main species of the genus Passiflora with anxiolytic activity and its main secondary metabolites and some pharmacological studies, patents, and registered products containing Passiflora. Furthermore, the Brazilian Regulatory Health Agency Datavisa, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency of the United Kingdom, and the European Medicines Agency websites were consulted. The results showed that Passiflora species have health benefits but clinical trials are still scarce. The complexity of Passiflora extracts creates challenges for the development of herbal medicines. P. incarnata is the most studied species of the genus and the most used in natural anxiolytic herbal medicine formulations. However, there are hundreds of Passiflora species potentially useful for medicinal and nutraceutical purposes that are still little explored.
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Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Laneri S, Novellino E, Greco G. Exploiting the Indole Scaffold to Design Compounds Binding to Different Pharmacological Targets. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102331. [PMID: 32429433 PMCID: PMC7287756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several indole derivatives have been disclosed by our research groups that have been collaborating for nearly 25 years. The results of our investigations led to a variety of molecules binding selectively to different pharmacological targets, specifically the type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) chloride channel, the translocator protein (TSPO), the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein, the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Herein, we describe how these works were conceived and carried out thanks to the versatility of indole nucleus to be exploited in the design and synthesis of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219547 (S.T.); +39-081-678645 (G.G.)
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
| | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219547 (S.T.); +39-081-678645 (G.G.)
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8
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Tonon MC, Vaudry H, Chuquet J, Guillebaud F, Fan J, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Vaudry D, Lanfray D, Morin F, Prevot V, Papadopoulos V, Troadec JD, Leprince J. Endozepines and their receptors: Structure, functions and pathophysiological significance. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Horowski R. FG 7142: is this validated tool to study anxiety now forgotten? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:287-289. [PMID: 31927622 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first human experience with FG 7142, a drug which in a phase I study has caused severe anxiety attacks and which therefore could be a validated tool for further experimental studies of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Horowski
- Antaxios GmbH, Zum Weiher 44, 14552, Wildenbruch, Germany.
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10
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Molecular docking, ADME/Tox prediction, and in vitro study of the cell growth inhibitory activity of five β-carboline alkaloids. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Bharate SS, Mignani S, Vishwakarma RA. Why Are the Majority of Active Compounds in the CNS Domain Natural Products? A Critical Analysis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10345-10374. [PMID: 29989814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule natural products (NPs) have a long and successful track record of providing first-in-class drugs and pharmacophore (scaffolds) in all therapeutic areas, serving as a bridge between modern and traditional medicine. This trajectory has been remarkably successful in three key areas of modern therapeutics: cancers, infections, and CNS diseases. Beginning with the discovery of morphine 200 years ago, natural products have remained the primary source of new drugs/scaffolds for CNS diseases. In this perspective, we address the question: why are the majority of active compounds in the CNS domain natural products? Our analysis indicates that ∼84% approved drugs for CNS diseases are NPs or NP-inspired, and interestingly, 20 natural products provided more than 400 clinically approved CNS drugs. We have discussed unique physicochemical properties of NPs and NP-inspired vis-à-vis synthetic drugs, isoform selectivity, and evolutionary relationship, providing a rationale for increasing focus on natural product driven discovery for next-generation drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S Bharate
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Serge Mignani
- UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique , Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France.,CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG , Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada , 9020-105 Funchal , Portugal.,Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu 180001 , India
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12
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Combining ligand-based and structure-based drug design approaches to study the structure-activity relationships of a β-carboline derivative series. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Geng X, Ren Y, Wang F, Tian D, Yao X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Harmines inhibit cancer cell growth through coordinated activation of apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:99-104. [PMID: 29501493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Harmine and its analogs have long been considered as anticancer agents. In vitro analyses suggested that intercalating DNA or inhibiting topoisomerase might contribute to the cytotoxic effect of this class of compound. However, this idea has not been rigorously tested in intact cells. By synthesizing novel derivatives, here we demonstrate that harmines did not activate the DNA damage response, a cellular signaling commonly induced by agents that intercalate DNA or inhibit topoisomerase. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than DNA intercalating or topoisomerase inhibiting contribute to the toxicity of harmines in vivo. Using a novel N2-benzyl and N9-arylated alkyl compound 10f that has good solubility and stability as the model, we show that harmines strongly inhibited the growth of cancer cells originated from breast, lung, bone and pancreas, but not that of normal fibroblasts. We further show that 10f induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in a dose and time-dependent manner. An apoptosis inhibitor suppressed 10f-induced cell death. Together, our results reveal previously unidentified insights into the anticancer mechanism of harmines, supporting future development of this compound class in the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Geng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichang Ren
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Sett R, Guchhait N. Differential Perturbation of the Protrotropic Equilibrium of a Biological Photosensitizer within Bile Salt Aggregates of Varying Hydrophobicity: A Fluorimetric Investigation. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 94:328-337. [PMID: 29164617 DOI: 10.1111/php.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present work reveals the binding interactions of a credible cancer cell photosensitizer, harmane (HM), with some selected bile salt aggregates of dissimilar hydrophobicity viz. sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium taurocholate (NaTC). The explicit variation of the prototropic equilibrium of the photosensitizer both in the ground and excited state has been utilized to scrutinize the interaction phenomena. Differential modulation in the prototropic equilibrium of HM in the aforesaid aggregates has been explained on the basis of the structural dissimilarities of the bile salt monomers. The contrived hydrophobic surroundings provided by the aggregates have been reflected on the spectroscopic results, especially in the time-resolved fluorescence and the rotational dynamical behavior of the molecule of interest. Slow solvent reorientation time with regard to the lifetime of HM proliferated by the red-edge effect in two specific bile salts namely NaC and NaTC, whereas its absence in NaDC aggregates has also been elucidated on the basis of accessibility of the solvent molecules within the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
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15
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Sasaki T, Li W, Ohmoto T, Koike K. Evaluation of canthinone alkaloids as cerebral protective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4992-4995. [PMID: 27623547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to cerebral protective drugs as a potential therapy for dementia. Screening of a natural compound library here resulted in identification of five canthinone alkaloids, viz., picrasidine L (1), picrasidine O (2), eurycomine E (3), 3-ethyl-canthin-5,6-dione (4), and 3-ethyl-4-methoxy-canthin-5,6-dione (5), as novel cerebral protective agents. The structure-activity relationship indicated that C-4, C-9, and N-3 substitutions greatly affected their cerebral protective effect. Among these, compound 2 exhibited a cerebral protective effect through suppressing neuronal hyperexcitability due to an increase in the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamic acid. Furthermore, compound 2 did not affect heart rate and mean systolic blood pressure. This investigation suggests that compound 2 has potential for further development as a cerebral protective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Taichi Ohmoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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16
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Salehi P, Babanezhad-Harikandei K, Bararjanian M, Al-Harrasi A, Esmaeili MA, Aliahmadi A. Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole tethered 1,3-disubstituted β-carboline derivatives and their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Paul BK, Ghosh N, Mukherjee S. Direct insight into the nonclassical hydrophobic effect in bile salt:β-cyclodextrin interaction: role of hydrophobicity in governing the prototropism of a biological photosensitizer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of norharmane with bile salts is reported along with the evidence for nonclassical hydrophobic effect in bile salt:β-cyclodextrin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Narayani Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462066
- India
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18
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Mondal B, Hazra S, Panda TK, Roy B. Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed dehydrogenative C-H activation: An expedient synthesis of uracil-annulated β-carbolinones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1360-6. [PMID: 26425190 PMCID: PMC4578345 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An intramolecular dehydrogenative C-H activation enabled an efficient synthesis of an uracil-annulated β-carbolinone ring system. The reaction is simple, efficient and high yielding (85-92%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Somjit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram - 502205, Telangana, India
| | - Brindaban Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India
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19
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Olsen RW. Allosteric ligands and their binding sites define γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor subtypes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 73:167-202. [PMID: 25637441 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GABAA receptors (GABA(A)Rs) mediate rapid inhibitory transmission in the brain. GABA(A)Rs are ligand-gated chloride ion channel proteins and exist in about a dozen or more heteropentameric subtypes exhibiting variable age and brain regional localization and thus participation in differing brain functions and diseases. GABA(A)Rs are also subject to modulation by several chemotypes of allosteric ligands that help define structure and function, including subtype definition. The channel blocker picrotoxin identified a noncompetitive channel blocker site in GABA(A)Rs. This ligand site is located in the transmembrane channel pore, whereas the GABA agonist site is in the extracellular domain at subunit interfaces, a site useful for low energy coupled conformational changes of the functional channel domain. Two classes of pharmacologically important allosteric modulatory ligand binding sites reside in the extracellular domain at modified agonist sites at other subunit interfaces: the benzodiazepine site and the high-affinity, relevant to intoxication, ethanol site. The benzodiazepine site is specific for certain GABA(A)R subtypes, mainly synaptic, while the ethanol site is found at a modified benzodiazepine site on different, extrasynaptic, subtypes. In the transmembrane domain are allosteric modulatory ligand sites for diverse chemotypes of general anesthetics: the volatile and intravenous agents, barbiturates, etomidate, propofol, long-chain alcohols, and neurosteroids. The last are endogenous positive allosteric modulators. X-ray crystal structures of prokaryotic and invertebrate pentameric ligand-gated ion channels, and the mammalian GABA(A)R protein, allow homology modeling of GABA(A)R subtypes with the various ligand sites located to suggest the structure and function of these proteins and their pharmacological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Olsen
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Paul BK, Ghosh N, Mukherjee S. Prototropic Transformation and Rotational–Relaxation Dynamics of a Biological Photosensitizer Norharmane inside Nonionic Micellar Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11209-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5056717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Indore By-Pass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Narayani Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Indore By-Pass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Indore By-Pass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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21
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Olsen RW. Analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor subtypes using isosteric and allosteric ligands. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1924-41. [PMID: 25015397 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The GABAA receptors (GABAARs) play an important role in inhibitory transmission in the brain. The GABAARs could be identified using a medicinal chemistry approach to characterize with a series of chemical structural analogues, some identified in nature, some synthesized, to control the structural conformational rigidity/flexibility so as to define the 'receptor-specific' GABA agonist ligand structure. In addition to the isosteric site ligands, these ligand-gated chloride ion channel proteins exhibited modulation by several chemotypes of allosteric ligands, that help define structure and function. The channel blocker picrotoxin identified a noncompetitive channel blocker site in GABAARs. This ligand site is located in the transmembrane channel pore, whereas the GABA agonist site is in the extracellular domain at subunit interfaces, a site useful for low energy coupled conformational changes of the functional channel domain. Also in the trans-membrane domain are allosteric modulatory ligand sites, mostly positive, for diverse chemotypes with general anesthetic efficacy, namely, the volatile and intravenous agents: barbiturates, etomidate, propofol, long-chain alcohols, and neurosteroids. The last are apparent endogenous positive allosteric modulators of GABAARs. These binding sites depend on the GABAAR heteropentameric subunit composition, i.e., subtypes. Two classes of pharmacologically very important allosteric modulatory ligand binding site reside in the extracellular domain at modified agonist sites at other subunit interfaces: the benzodiazepine site, and the low-dose ethanol site. The benzodiazepine site is specific for certain subunit combination subtypes, mainly synaptically localized. In contrast, the low-dose (high affinity) ethanol site(s) is found at a modified benzodiazepine site on different, extrasynaptic, subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Olsen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Room CHS 23-120, 650 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1735, USA,
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3D-QSAR and Docking Studies of a Series ofβ-Carboline Derivatives as Antitumor Agents of PLK1. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/323149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An alignment-free, three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis has been performed on a series ofβ-carboline derivatives as potent antitumor agents toward HepG2 human tumor cell lines. A highly descriptive and predictive 3D-QSAR model was obtained through the calculation of alignment-independent descriptors (GRIND descriptors) using ALMOND software. For a training set of 30 compounds, PLS analyses result in a three-component model which displays a squared correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.957 and a standard deviation of the error of calculation (SDEC) of 0.116. Validation of this model was performed using leave-one-out,q2looof 0.85, and leave-multiple-out. This model gives a remarkably highr2pred(0.66) for a test set of 10 compounds. Docking studies were performed to investigate the mode of interaction betweenβ-carboline derivatives and the active site of the most probable anticancer receptor, polo-like kinase protein.
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Paul BK, Ray D, Ganguly A, Guchhait N. Modulation in prototropism of the photosensitizer Harmane by host:guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 411:230-9. [PMID: 24060109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present contribution demonstrates the photophysics of a prospective cancer cell photosensitizer Harmane (HM) belonging to the family of β-carboline in mixed microheterogeneous environments of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and surfactants having varying surface charges using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. The remarkable modulations in prototropic activities of the micelle-bound drug in the presence of β-CD evinces for disruption of the micellar structural integrity by β-CD. The results are meticulously discussed in relevance to the effect of a potential drug delivery vehicle (CD) on the membrane-mimetic micellar system. Further, application of an extrinsic fluorescence probe for monitoring such interactions is fraught by the possibilities of no less than three equilibria that can operate simultaneously viz., (i) surfactant-cyclodextrin, (ii) surfactant-fluorophore and (iii) cyclodextrin-fluorophore. This aspect highlights the enormous importance of the issue of suitability of the fluorescence probe to study such complicated systems and interaction phenomena. Also the varying interaction scenario of β-CD with the nature of the surfactant highlights the importance of precise knowledge of the strength and locus of drug binding in delineating such complex interactions. The results of the present investigation advocate for the potential applicability of the drug (HM) itself as a fluorescence reporter in study of such complex microheterogeneous interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan K Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700 009, India
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Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Christian et al. (2013) provide functional evidence for positive endozepines (positive allosteric modulators of GABAARs) within the thalamic reticular nucleus. These molecules are encoded by the Dbi gene and modulate thalamocortical oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Harward
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Etienne T, Very T, Perpète EA, Monari A, Assfeld X. A QM/MM Study of the Absorption Spectrum of Harmane in Water Solution and Interacting with DNA: The Crucial Role of Dynamic Effects. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4973-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4017882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Etienne
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- Unité de Chimie Théorique
et Structurale, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Very
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Eric A. Perpète
- Unité de Chimie Théorique
et Structurale, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Xavier Assfeld
- Université de Lorraine - Nancy, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation,
SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- CNRS, Théorie-Modélisation-Simulation, SRSMC, Boulevard
des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
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Drugan RC, Christianson JP, Warner TA, Kent S. Resilience in shock and swim stress models of depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:14. [PMID: 23450843 PMCID: PMC3584259 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of depression often entail exposing a rodent to a stressor and subsequently characterizing changes in learning and anhedonia, which may reflect symptoms of human depression. Importantly, not all people, and not all laboratory rats, exposed to stressors develop depressed behavior; these “resilient” individuals are the focus of our review. Herein we describe research from the “learned helplessness” and “intermittent swim stress” (ISS) models of depression in which rats that were allowed to control the offset of the aversive stimulus with a behavioral response, and in a subset of rats that were not allowed to control the stressor that appeared to be behaviorally and neurochemically similar to rats that were either naive to stress or had controllability over the stressor. For example, rats exposed to inescapable tailshock, but do not develop learned helplessness, exhibit altered sensitivity to the behavioral effects of GABAA receptor antagonists and reduced in vitro benzodiazepine receptor ligand binding. This pattern suggested that resilience might involve activation of an endogenous benzodiazepine-like compound, possibly an allostatic modulator of the GABAA receptor like allopregnanolone. From the ISS model, we have observed in resilient rats protection from stressor-induced glucocorticoid increases and immune activation. In order to identify the neural mediators of these correlates of resilience, non-invasive measures are needed to predict the resilient or vulnerable phenotype prior to analysis of neural endpoints. To this end, we found that ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) appear to predict the resilient phenotype in the ISS paradigm. We propose that combining non-invasive predictive measures, such as USVs with biological endpoint measures, will facilitate future research into the neural correlates of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Drugan
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire Durham, NH, USA
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Paul BK, Ray D, Guchhait N. Binding Interaction and Rotational-Relaxation Dynamics of a Cancer Cell Photosensitizer with Various Micellar Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9704-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304280m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Kumar Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009,
India
| | - Debarati Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009,
India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009,
India
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. Differential interactions of a biological photosensitizer with liposome membranes having varying surface charges. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:661-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. Exploring the strength, mode, dynamics, and kinetics of binding interaction of a cationic biological photosensitizer with DNA: implication on dissociation of the drug-DNA complex via detergent sequestration. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11938-49. [PMID: 21899350 DOI: 10.1021/jp206589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims at exploring a detailed characterization of the binding interaction of a promising cancer cell photosensitizer, harmane (HM), with DNA extracted from herring sperm. The polarity-sensitive prototropic transformation of HM, a naturally occurring, fluorescent, drug-binding alkaloid, β-carboline, is remarkably modified upon interaction with DNA and is manifested through significant modulations on the absorption and emission profiles of HM. From the series of studies undertaken in the present program, for example, absorption; steady-state emission; the effect of chaotrope (urea); iodide ion-induced steady-state fluorescence quenching; circular dichroism (CD); and helix melting from absorption spectroscopy; the mode of binding of HM into the DNA helix has been substantiated to be principally intercalative. Concomitantly, a discernible dependence of the photophysics of the DNA-bound drug on the medium ionic strength indicates that electrostatic attraction should not be ignored in the interaction. Efforts have also been delivered to delineate the dynamical aspects of the interaction, such as modulation in time-resolved fluorescence decay and rotational relaxation dynamics of the drug within the DNA environment. In view of the prospective biological applications of HM, the issue of facile dissociation of intercalated HM from the DNA helix also comprises a crucial prerequisite for the functioning as an effective therapeutic agent. In this context, our results imply that the concept of detergent-sequestered dissociation of the drug from the drug-DNA complex can be a prospective strategy through an appropriate choice of the detergent molecule. The utility of the present work resides in exploring the potential applicability of the fluorescence property of HM for studying its interactions with a relevant biological target, for example, DNA. In addition, the methods and techniques used in the present work can also be exploited to study the interaction of HM with other biological, biomimicking assemblies and drug delivery vehicles, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009, India
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. Modulation of Prototropic Activity and Rotational Relaxation Dynamics of a Cationic Biological Photosensitizer within the Motionally Constrained Bio-environment of a Protein. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:10322-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2015275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Calcutta-700009, India
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Lin G, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Tang W, Wang J, Lu T. A Facile Synthesis of 1-Substituted β-Carboline Derivatives via Minisci-Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2010.519092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Lin
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Tang
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- a College of Basic Science , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
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Reyman D, Díaz-Oliva C, Hallwass F, Gonçalves de Barros SM. New insights into the photo-tautomerisation process in β-carboline derivatives revealed by NMR spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yin W, Majumder S, Clayton T, Petrou S, VanLinn ML, Namjoshi OA, Ma C, Cromer BA, Roth BL, Platt DM, Cook JM. Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:7548-64. [PMID: 20888240 PMCID: PMC2972656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro affinities at α(x)β(3)γ(2) GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor subtypes by radioligand binding assays in search of α(1) subtype selective ligands to treat alcohol abuse. Analogues of β-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (βCCt, 1) were synthesized via a CDI-mediated process and the related 6-substituted β-carboline-3-carboxylates 6 including WYS8 (7) were synthesized via a Sonogashira or Stille coupling processes from 6-iodo-βCCt (5). The bivalent ligands of βCCt (32 and 33) were also designed and prepared via a palladium-catalyzed homocoupling process to expand the structure-activity relationships (SAR) to larger ligands. Based on the pharmacophore/receptor model, a preliminary SAR study on 34 analogues illustrated that large substituents at position-6 of the β-carbolines were well tolerated. As expected, these groups are proposed to project into the extracellular domain (L(Di) region) of GABA(A)/Bz receptors (see 32 and 33). Moreover, substituents located at position-3 of the β-carboline nucleus exhibited a conserved stereo interaction in lipophilic pocket L(1), while N(2) presumably underwent a hydrogen bonding interaction with H(1). Three novel β-carboline ligands (βCCt, 3PBC and WYS8), which preferentially bound to α1 BzR subtypes permitted a comparison of the pharmacological efficacies with a range of classical BzR antagonists (flumazenil, ZK93426) from several different structural groups and indicated these β-carbolines were 'near GABA neutral antagonists'. Based on the SAR, the most potent (in vitro) α(1) selective ligand was the 6-substituted acetylenyl βCCt (WYS8, 7). Earlier both βCCt and 3PBC had been shown to reduce alcohol self-administration in alcohol preferring (P) and high alcohol drinking (HAD) rats but had little or no effect on sucrose self-administration.(1-3) Moreover, these two β-carbolines were orally active, and in addition, were anxiolytic in P rats but were only weakly anxiolytic in rodents. These data prompted the synthesis of the β-carbolines presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Medical School and School of Pharmacy and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, 120 Mason Farm Road, 4072 Genetics Medicine Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365
| | - Terry Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | - Steven Petrou
- Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael L. VanLinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | | | - Chunrong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
| | - Brett A. Cromer
- Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Medical School and School of Pharmacy and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, 120 Mason Farm Road, 4072 Genetics Medicine Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, Box 9102, Southborough, MA 01772-9102
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-0413
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A facile synthesis of 3-substituted 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1(2H)-one derivatives from 3-substituted beta-carbolines. Molecules 2010; 15:5680-91. [PMID: 20717074 PMCID: PMC6257788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild and efficient two-step synthesis of 3-substituted β-carbolinone derivatives from 3-substituted β-carboline in good yields is described. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of the skeleton of β-carbolin-1-one is proposed. The structures of these compounds were established by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis, as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis of 4-2 and 6-2.
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Inman WD, Bray WM, Gassner NC, Lokey RS, Tenney K, Shen YY, TenDyke K, Suh T, Crews P. A beta-carboline alkaloid from the Papua New Guinea marine sponge hyrtios reticulatus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:255-7. [PMID: 20000782 PMCID: PMC2829331 DOI: 10.1021/np9005426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new 1-imidazoyl-3-carboxy-6-hydroxy-beta-carboline alkaloid, named hyrtiocarboline (1), was isolated from a Papua New Guinea marine sponge, Hyrtios reticulatus. The structure was elucidated from spectroscopic data, including (1)H-(15)N HMBC NMR experiments, which provided complementary (15)N chemical shift information in support of the structure. This compound showed selective antiproliferative activity against H522-T1 non-small cell lung, MDA-MB-435 melanoma, and U937 lymphoma cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Phillip Crews
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 831-459-2603. Fax: 831-459-2935.
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Cao R, Guan X, Shi B, Chen Z, Ren Z, Peng W, Song H. Design, synthesis and 3D-QSAR of beta-carboline derivatives as potent antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2503-15. [PMID: 20304536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing effort to develop novel beta-carbolines endowed with better pharmacological profiles, a series of beta-carboline derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the previously developed SARs. Cytotoxicities in vitro of these compounds against a panel of human tumor cell lines were also investigated. The results demonstrated that the N2-benzylated beta-carbolinium bromides 56-60 represented the most potent compounds with IC50 values lower than 10 microM. The application of 3D-QSAR to these compounds explored the structural basis for their biological activities. CoMFA (q2=0.513, r2=0.862) and CoMSIA (q2=0.503, r2=0.831) models were developed for a set of 47 beta-carbolines. The results indicated that the antitumor pharmacophore of these molecules were marked at position-1, -2, -3, -7 and -9 of beta-carboline ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xin Gang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Précis ofThe neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Behav Brain Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00013066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA model of the neuropsychology of anxiety is proposed. The model is based in the first instance upon an analysis of the behavioural effects of the antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol) in animals. From such psychopharmacologi-cal experiments the concept of a “behavioural inhibition system” (BIS) has been developed. This system responds to novel stimuli or to those associated with punishment or nonreward by inhibiting ongoing behaviour and increasing arousal and attention to the environment. It is activity in the BIS that constitutes anxiety and that is reduced by antianxiety drugs. The effects of the antianxiety drugs in the brain also suggest hypotheses concerning the neural substrate of anxiety. Although the benzodiazepines and barbiturates facilitate the effects of γ-aminobutyrate, this is insufficient to explain their highly specific behavioural effects. Because of similarities between the behavioural effects of certain lesions and those of the antianxiety drugs, it is proposed that these drugs reduce anxiety by impairing the functioning of a widespread neural system including the septo-hippocampal system (SHS), the Papez circuit, the prefrontal cortex, and ascending monoaminergic and cholinergic pathways which innervate these forebrain structures. Analysis of the functions of this system (based on anatomical, physiological, and behavioural data) suggests that it acts as a comparator: it compares predicted to actual sensory events and activates the outputs of the BIS when there is a mismatch or when the predicted event is aversive. Suggestions are made as to the functions of particular pathways within this overall brain system. The resulting theory is applied to the symptoms and treatment of anxiety in man, its relations to depression, and the personality of individuals who are susceptible to anxiety or depression.
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Gray'sNeuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of septohippocampal theories. Behav Brain Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00013170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Anxiety viewed from the upper brain stem: Though panic and fear yield trepidation, should both be called anxiety? Behav Brain Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00013200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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|