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Iwai M, Patel-Tupper D, Niyogi KK. Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:119-152. [PMID: 38360524 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-015519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms have flourished in almost all aquatic and terrestrial environments. This is partly due to the diversity of light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins, which facilitate photosystem assembly, efficient excitation energy transfer, and photoprotection. Structural advances have provided angstrom-level structures of many of these proteins and have expanded our understanding of the pigments, lipids, and residues that drive LHC function. In this review, we compare and contrast recently observed cryo-electron microscopy structures across photosynthetic eukaryotes to identify structural motifs that underlie various light-harvesting strategies. We discuss subtle monomer changes that result in macroscale reorganization of LHC oligomers. Additionally, we find recurring patterns across diverse LHCs that may serve as evolutionary stepping stones for functional diversification. Advancing our understanding of LHC protein-environment interactions will improve our capacity to engineer more productive crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel-Tupper
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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2
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Kosugi M, Ohtani S, Hara K, Toyoda A, Nishide H, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y, Kashino Y, Kudoh S, Koike H, Minagawa J. Characterization of the far-red light absorbing light-harvesting chlorophyll a/ b binding complex, a derivative of the distinctive Lhca gene family in green algae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1409116. [PMID: 38916036 PMCID: PMC11194369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Prasiola crispa, an aerial green alga, exhibits remarkable adaptability to the extreme conditions of Antarctica by forming layered colonies capable of utilizing far-red light for photosynthesis. Despite a recent report on the structure of P. crispa's unique light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein complex (Pc-frLHC), which facilitates far-red light absorption and uphill excitation energy transfer to photosystem II, the specific genes encoding the subunits of Pc-frLHC have not yet been identified. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of P. crispa strain 4113, originally isolated from soil samples on Ongul Island, Antarctica. We obtained a 92 Mbp sequence distributed in 1,045 scaffolds comprising 10,244 genes, reflecting 87.1% of the core eukaryotic gene set. Notably, 26 genes associated with the light-harvesting Chl a/b binding complex (LHC) were identified, including four Pc-frLHC genes, with similarity to a noncanonical Lhca gene with four transmembrane helices, such as Ot_Lhca6 in Ostreococcus tauri and Cr_LHCA2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A comparative analysis revealed that Pc-frLHC shares homology with certain Lhca genes found in Coccomyxa and Trebouxia species. This similarity indicates that Pc-frLHC has evolved from an ancestral Lhca gene with four transmembrane helices and branched out within the Trebouxiaceae family. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis conducted during the initiation of Pc-frLHC gene induction under red light illumination indicated that Pc-frLHC genes were induced independently from other genes associated with photosystems or LHCs. Instead, the genes of transcription factors, helicases, chaperones, heat shock proteins, and components of blue light receptors were identified to coexpress with Pc-frLHC. Those kinds of information could provide insights into the expression mechanisms of Pc-frLHC and its evolutional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Ohtani
- Faculty of Education, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kojiro Hara
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Science, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Sakae Kudoh
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
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3
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LHC-like Proteins: The Guardians of Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032503. [PMID: 36768826 PMCID: PMC9916820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of chlorophyll-containing light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) was a crucial milestone in the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins form complexes in proximity to the reaction centres of photosystems I and II and serve as an antenna, funnelling the harvested light energy towards the reaction centres, facilitating photochemical quenching, thereby optimizing photosynthesis. It is now generally accepted that the LHC proteins evolved from LHC-like proteins, a diverse family of proteins containing up to four transmembrane helices. Interestingly, LHC-like proteins do not participate in light harvesting to elevate photosynthesis activity under low light. Instead, they protect the photosystems by dissipating excess energy and taking part in non-photochemical quenching processes. Although there is evidence that LHC-like proteins are crucial factors of photoprotection, the roles of only a few of them, mainly the stress-related psbS and lhcSR, are well described. Here, we summarize the knowledge gained regarding the evolution and function of the various LHC-like proteins, with emphasis on those strongly related to photoprotection. We further suggest LHC-like proteins as candidates for improving photosynthesis in significant food crops and discuss future directions in their research.
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Coevolution of tandemly repeated hlips and RpaB-like transcriptional factor confers desiccation tolerance to subaerial Nostoc species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211244119. [PMID: 36215485 PMCID: PMC9586280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211244119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Desert-inhabiting cyanobacteria can tolerate extreme desiccation and quickly revive after rehydration. The regulatory mechanisms that enable their vegetative cells to resurrect upon rehydration are poorly understood. In this study, we identified a single gene family of high light-inducible proteins (Hlips) with dramatic expansion in the Nostoc flagelliforme genome and found an intriguingly special convergence formed through four tandem gene duplication. The emerged four independent hlip genes form a gene cluster (hlips-cluster) and respond to dehydration positively. The gene mutants in N. flagelliforme were successfully generated by using gene-editing technology. Phenotypic analysis showed that the desiccation tolerance of hlips-cluster-deleted mutant decreased significantly due to impaired photosystem II repair, whereas heterologous expression of hlips-cluster from N. flagelliforme enhanced desiccation tolerance in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Furthermore, a transcription factor Hrf1 (hlips-cluster repressor factor 1) was identified and shown to coordinately regulate the expression of hlips-cluster and desiccation-induced psbAs. Hrf1 acts as a negative regulator for the adaptation of N. flagelliforme to the harsh desert environment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most species in the Nostoc genus possess both tandemly repeated Hlips and Hrf1. Our results suggest convergent evolution of desiccation tolerance through the coevolution of tandem Hlips duplication and Hrf1 in subaerial Nostoc species, providing insights into the mechanism of desiccation tolerance in photosynthetic organisms.
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Rahimzadeh-Karvansara P, Pascual-Aznar G, Bečková M, Komenda J. Psb34 protein modulates binding of high-light-inducible proteins to CP47-containing photosystem II assembly intermediates in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:333-346. [PMID: 35279779 PMCID: PMC9458560 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of photosystem II (PSII), a water-splitting catalyst in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, requires numerous auxiliary proteins which promote individual steps of this sequential process and transiently associate with one or more assembly intermediate complexes. In this study, we focussed on the role of a PSII-associated protein encoded by the ssl1498 gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The N-terminal domain of this protein, which is here called Psb34, is very similar to the N-terminus of HliA/B proteins belonging to a family of high-light-inducible proteins (Hlips). Psb34 was identified in both dimeric and monomeric PSII, as well as in a PSII monomer lacking CP43 and containing Psb28. When FLAG-tagged, the protein is co-purified with these three complexes and with the PSII auxiliary proteins Psb27 and Psb28. However, the preparation also contained the oxygen-evolving enhancers PsbO and PsbV and lacked HliA/B proteins even when isolated from high-light-treated cells. The data suggest that Psb34 competes with HliA/B for the same binding site and that it is one of the components involved in the final conversion of late PSII assembly intermediates into functional PSII complexes, possibly keeping them free of Hlips. Unlike HliA/B, Psb34 does bind to the CP47 assembly module before its incorporation into PSII. Analysis of strains lacking Psb34 indicates that Psb34 mediates the optimal equilibrium of HliA/B binding among individual PSII assembly intermediates containing CP47, allowing Hlip-mediated photoprotection at all stages of PSII assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahimzadeh-Karvansara
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Guillem Pascual-Aznar
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bečková
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37981, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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6
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Konert MM, Wysocka A, Koník P, Sobotka R. High-light-inducible proteins HliA and HliB: pigment binding and protein-protein interactions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:317-332. [PMID: 35218444 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-light-inducible proteins (Hlips) are single-helix transmembrane proteins that are essential for the survival of cyanobacteria under stress conditions. The model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains four Hlip isoforms (HliA-D) that associate with Photosystem II (PSII) during its assembly. HliC and HliD are known to form pigmented (hetero)dimers that associate with the newly synthesized PSII reaction center protein D1 in a configuration that allows thermal dissipation of excitation energy. Thus, it is expected that they photoprotect the early steps of PSII biogenesis. HliA and HliB, on the other hand, bind the PSII inner antenna protein CP47, but the mode of interaction and pigment binding have not been resolved. Here, we isolated His-tagged HliA and HliB from Synechocystis and show that these two very similar Hlips do not interact with each other as anticipated, rather they form HliAC and HliBC heterodimers. Both dimers bind Chl and β-carotene in a quenching conformation and associate with the CP47 assembly module as well as later PSII assembly intermediates containing CP47. In the absence of HliC, the cellular levels of HliA and HliB were reduced, and both bound atypically to HliD. We postulate a model in which HliAC-, HliBC-, and HliDC-dimers are the functional Hlip units in Synechocystis. The smallest Hlip, HliC, acts as a 'generalist' that prevents unspecific dimerization of PSII assembly intermediates, while the N-termini of 'specialists' (HliA, B or D) dictate interactions with proteins other than Hlips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M Konert
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Koník
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237 - Opatovický mlýn, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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7
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Proctor MS, Sutherland GA, Canniffe DP, Hitchcock A. The terminal enzymes of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211903. [PMID: 35573041 PMCID: PMC9066304 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
(Bacterio)chlorophylls are modified tetrapyrroles that are used by phototrophic organisms to harvest solar energy, powering the metabolic processes that sustain most of the life on Earth. Biosynthesis of these pigments involves enzymatic modification of the side chains and oxidation state of a porphyrin precursor, modifications that differ by species and alter the absorption properties of the pigments. (Bacterio)chlorophylls are coordinated by proteins that form macromolecular assemblies to absorb light and transfer excitation energy to a special pair of redox-active (bacterio)chlorophyll molecules in the photosynthetic reaction centre. Assembly of these pigment-protein complexes is aided by an isoprenoid moiety esterified to the (bacterio)chlorin macrocycle, which anchors and stabilizes the pigments within their protein scaffolds. The reduction of the isoprenoid 'tail' and its addition to the macrocycle are the final stages in (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis and are catalysed by two enzymes, geranylgeranyl reductase and (bacterio)chlorophyll synthase. These enzymes work in conjunction with photosynthetic complex assembly factors and the membrane biogenesis machinery to synchronize delivery of the pigments to the proteins that coordinate them. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the catalytic mechanism, substrate recognition and regulation of these crucial enzymes and their involvement in thylakoid biogenesis and photosystem repair in oxygenic phototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - George A. Sutherland
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel P. Canniffe
- Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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8
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Chloroplast Engineering: Fundamental Insights and Its Application in Amelioration of Environmental Stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2463-2482. [PMID: 35484466 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are specialized organelle that are responsible for converting light energy to chemical energy, thereby driving the carbon dioxide fixation. Apart from photosynthesis, chloroplast is the site for essential cellular processes that determine the plant adaptation to changing environment. Owing to the presence of their own expression system, it provides an optimum platform for engineering valued traits as well as site for synthesis of bio-compounds. Advancements in technology have further enhanced the scope of using chloroplast as a multifaceted tool for the biotechnologist to develop stress-tolerant plants and ameliorate environmental stress. Focusing on chloroplast biotechnology, this review discusses the advances in chloroplast engineering and its application in enhancing plant adaptation and resistance to environmental stress and the development of new bioproducts and processes. This is accomplished through analysis of its biogenesis and physiological processes, highlighting the chloroplast engineering and recent developments in chloroplast biotechnology. In the first part of the review, the evolution and principles of structural organization and physiology of chloroplast are discussed. In the second part, the chief methods and mechanisms involved in chloroplast transformation are analyzed. The last part represents an updated analysis of the application of chloroplast engineering in crop improvement and bioproduction of industrial and health compounds.
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9
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Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Dissipation of Light Energy Absorbed in Excess: The Molecular Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:47-76. [PMID: 34143647 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This variability means that light collected by the light-harvesting system is often in excess with respect to photon fluence or spectral quality in the context of the capacity of photosynthetic metabolism to use ATP and reductants produced from the light reactions. Absorption of excess light can lead to increased production of excited, highly reactive intermediates, which expose photosynthetic organisms to serious risks of oxidative damage. Prevention and management of such stress are performed by photoprotective mechanisms, which operate by cutting down light absorption, limiting the generation of redox-active molecules, or scavenging reactive oxygen species that are released despite the operation of preventive mechanisms. Here, we describe the major physiological and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection involved in the harmless removal of the excess light energy absorbed by green algae and land plants. In vivo analyses of mutants targeting photosynthetic components and the enhanced resolution of spectroscopic techniques have highlighted specific mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from overexcitation. Recent findings unveil a network of multiple interacting elements, the reaction times of which vary from a millisecond to weeks, that continuously maintain photosynthetic organisms within the narrow safety range between efficient light harvesting and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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10
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Bag P. Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1184. [PMID: 34200788 PMCID: PMC8230411 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, UPSC, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Lokstein H, Renger G, Götze JP. Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting (Antenna) Complexes-Structures and Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113378. [PMID: 34204994 PMCID: PMC8199901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls, together with carotenoids, serve, noncovalently bound to specific apoproteins, as principal light-harvesting and energy-transforming pigments in photosynthetic organisms. In recent years, enormous progress has been achieved in the elucidation of structures and functions of light-harvesting (antenna) complexes, photosynthetic reaction centers and even entire photosystems. It is becoming increasingly clear that light-harvesting complexes not only serve to enlarge the absorption cross sections of the respective reaction centers but are vitally important in short- and long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of the energy-transforming processes in response to external and internal conditions. Thus, the wide variety of structural diversity in photosynthetic antenna “designs” becomes conceivable. It is, however, common for LHCs to form trimeric (or multiples thereof) structures. We propose a simple, tentative explanation of the trimer issue, based on the 2D world created by photosynthetic membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gernot Renger
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
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12
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Xanthophyll carotenoids stabilise the association of cyanobacterial chlorophyll synthase with the LHC-like protein HliD. Biochem J 2021; 477:4021-4036. [PMID: 32990304 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) catalyses a terminal reaction in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, attachment of phytol or geranylgeraniol to the C17 propionate of chlorophyllide. Cyanobacterial ChlG forms a stable complex with high light-inducible protein D (HliD), a small single-helix protein homologous to the third transmembrane helix of plant light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The ChlG-HliD assembly binds chlorophyll, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll and associates with the YidC insertase, most likely to facilitate incorporation of chlorophyll into translated photosystem apoproteins. HliD independently coordinates chlorophyll and β-carotene but the role of the xanthophylls, which appear to be exclusive to the core ChlG-HliD assembly, is unclear. Here we generated mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking specific combinations of carotenoids or HliD in a background with FLAG- or His-tagged ChlG. Immunoprecipitation experiments and analysis of isolated membranes demonstrate that the absence of zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll significantly weakens the interaction between HliD and ChlG. ChlG alone does not bind carotenoids and accumulation of the chlorophyllide substrate in the absence of xanthophylls indicates that activity/stability of the 'naked' enzyme is perturbed. In contrast, the interaction of HliD with a second partner, the photosystem II assembly factor Ycf39, is preserved in the absence of xanthophylls. We propose that xanthophylls are required for the stable association of ChlG and HliD, acting as a 'molecular glue' at the lateral transmembrane interface between these proteins; roles for zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll in ChlG-HliD complexation are discussed, as well as the possible presence of similar complexes between LHC-like proteins and chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes in plants.
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13
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Lu Y, Gan Q, Iwai M, Alboresi A, Burlacot A, Dautermann O, Takahashi H, Crisanto T, Peltier G, Morosinotto T, Melis A, Niyogi KK. Role of an ancient light-harvesting protein of PSI in light absorption and photoprotection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:679. [PMID: 33514722 PMCID: PMC7846763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse algae of the red lineage possess chlorophyll a-binding proteins termed LHCR, comprising the PSI light-harvesting system, which represent an ancient antenna form that evolved in red algae and was acquired through secondary endosymbiosis. However, the function and regulation of LHCR complexes remain obscure. Here we describe isolation of a Nannochloropsis oceanica LHCR mutant, named hlr1, which exhibits a greater tolerance to high-light (HL) stress compared to the wild type. We show that increased tolerance to HL of the mutant can be attributed to alterations in PSI, making it less prone to ROS production, thereby limiting oxidative damage and favoring growth in HL. HLR1 deficiency attenuates PSI light-harvesting capacity and growth of the mutant under light-limiting conditions. We conclude that HLR1, a member of a conserved and broadly distributed clade of LHCR proteins, plays a pivotal role in a dynamic balancing act between photoprotection and efficient light harvesting for photosynthesis. LHCR proteins are ancient chlorophyll a-binding antennas that evolved in diverse algae of the red lineage. Here Lu et al. characterize a red lineage LHCR mutant and show reduced oxidative damage in high light but attenuated growth under low light, thus demonstrating how LHCR proteins impact the balance between photoprotection and light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Qinhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Adrien Burlacot
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lezDurance, France
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hiroko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate school of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Thien Crisanto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lezDurance, France
| | | | - Anastasios Melis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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14
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Li F, Liu C, Streckaite S, Yang C, Xu P, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Ilioaia C, Pascal AA, Croce R, Robert B. A new, unquenched intermediate of LHCII. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100322. [PMID: 33493515 PMCID: PMC7949128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When plants are exposed to high-light conditions, the potentially harmful excess energy is dissipated as heat, a process called non-photochemical quenching. Efficient energy dissipation can also be induced in the major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) in vitro, by altering the structure and interactions of several bound cofactors. In both cases, the extent of quenching has been correlated with conformational changes (twisting) affecting two bound carotenoids, neoxanthin, and one of the two luteins (in site L1). This lutein is directly involved in the quenching process, whereas neoxanthin senses the overall change in state without playing a direct role in energy dissipation. Here we describe the isolation of an intermediate state of LHCII, using the detergent n-dodecyl-α-D-maltoside, which exhibits the twisting of neoxanthin (along with changes in chlorophyll–protein interactions), in the absence of the L1 change or corresponding quenching. We demonstrate that neoxanthin is actually a reporter of the LHCII environment—probably reflecting a large-scale conformational change in the protein—whereas the appearance of excitation energy quenching is concomitant with the configuration change of the L1 carotenoid only, reflecting changes on a smaller scale. This unquenched LHCII intermediate, described here for the first time, provides for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simona Streckaite
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengqi Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cristian Ilioaia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Robert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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15
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Wang Y, Wang D, Tao Z, Yang Y, Gao Z, Zhao G, Chang X. Impacts of Nitrogen Deficiency on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grain During the Medium Filling Stage: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Comparisons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674433. [PMID: 34421938 PMCID: PMC8371442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) supplementation is essential to the yield and quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The impact of N-deficiency on wheat at the seedling stage has been previously reported, but the impact of distinct N regimes applied at the seedling stage with continuous application on filling and maturing wheat grains is lesser known, despite the filling stage being critical for final grain yield and flour quality. Here, we compared phenotype characteristics such as grain yield, grain protein and sugar quality, plant growth, leaf photosynthesis of wheat under N-deficient and N-sufficient conditions imposed prior to sowing (120 kg/hm2) and in the jointing stage (120 kg/hm2), and then evaluated the effects of this continued stress through RNA-seq and GC-MS metabolomics profiling of grain at the mid-filling stage. The results showed that except for an increase in grain size and weight, and in the content of total sugar, starch, and fiber in bran fraction and white flour, the other metrics were all decreased under N-deficiency conditions. A total of 761 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified. Under N-deficiency, 51 down-regulated DEGs were involved in the process of impeding chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development, light harvesting, and electron transfer functions of photosystem, which resulted in the SPAD and Pn value decreased by 32 and 15.2% compared with N-sufficiency, inhibited photosynthesis. Twenty-four DEGs implicated the inhibition of amino acids synthesis and protein transport, in agreement with a 17-42% reduction in ornithine, cysteine, aspartate, and tyrosine from metabolome, and an 18.6% reduction in grain protein content. However, 14 DEGs were implicated in promoting sugar accumulation in the cell wall and another six DEGs also enhanced cell wall synthesis, which significantly increased fiber content in the endosperm and likely contributed to increasing the thousands-grain weight (TGW). Moreover, RNA-seq profiling suggested that wheat grain can improve the capacity of DNA repair, iron uptake, disease and abiotic stress resistance, and oxidative stress scavenging through increasing the content levels of anthocyanin, flavonoid, GABA, galactose, and glucose under N-deficiency condition. This study identified candidate genes and metabolites related to low N adaption and tolerance that may provide new insights into a comprehensive understanding of the genotype-specific differences in performance under N-deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Demei Wang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tao
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Yang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxian Gao
- Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangcai Zhao
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangcai Zhao
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Center for Crop Management and Farming System, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Xuhong Chang
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16
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Breton S, Jouhet J, Guyet U, Gros V, Pittera J, Demory D, Partensky F, Doré H, Ratin M, Maréchal E, Nguyen NA, Garczarek L, Six C. Unveiling membrane thermoregulation strategies in marine picocyanobacteria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2396-2410. [PMID: 31591719 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The wide latitudinal distribution of marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria partly relies on the differentiation of lineages adapted to distinct thermal environments. Membranes are highly thermosensitive cell components, and the ability to modulate their fluidity can be critical for the fitness of an ecotype in a particular thermal niche. We compared the thermophysiology of Synechococcus strains representative of major temperature ecotypes in the field. We measured growth, photosynthetic capacities and membrane lipidome variations. We carried out a metagenomic analysis of stations of the Tara Oceans expedition to describe the latitudinal distribution of the lipid desaturase genes in the oceans. All strains maintained efficient photosynthetic capacities over their different temperature growth ranges. Subpolar and cold temperate strains showed enhanced capacities for lipid monodesaturation at low temperature thanks to an additional, poorly regiospecific Δ9-desaturase. By contrast, tropical and warm temperate strains displayed moderate monodesaturation capacities but high proportions of double unsaturations in response to cold, thanks to regiospecific Δ12-desaturases. The desaturase genes displayed specific distributions directly related to latitudinal variations in ocean surface temperature. This study highlights the critical importance of membrane fluidity modulation by desaturases in the adaptive strategies of Synechococcus cyanobacteria during the colonization of novel thermal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Breton
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixe de recherche 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulysse Guyet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixe de recherche 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Justine Pittera
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - David Demory
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Hugo Doré
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité mixe de recherche 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Ngoc An Nguyen
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Six
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin (AD2M), Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP) Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680, Roscoff, France
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17
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Mascoli V, Liguori N, Xu P, Roy LM, van Stokkum IH, Croce R. Capturing the Quenching Mechanism of Light-Harvesting Complexes of Plants by Zooming in on the Ensemble. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Grossman A, Sanz-Luque E, Yi H, Yang W. Building the GreenCut2 suite of proteins to unmask photosynthetic function and regulation. Microbiology (Reading) 2019; 165:697-718. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany (CAS), Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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19
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Ma X, Zhao H, Xu W, You Q, Yan H, Gao Z, Su Z. Co-expression Gene Network Analysis and Functional Module Identification in Bamboo Growth and Development. Front Genet 2018; 9:574. [PMID: 30542370 PMCID: PMC6277748 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing non-timber forest plants. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is the most economically valuable bamboo in Asia, especially in China. With the release of the whole-genome sequence of moso bamboo, there are increasing demands for refined annotation of bamboo genes. Recently, large amounts of bamboo transcriptome data have become available, including data on the multiple growth stages of tissues. It is now feasible for us to construct co-expression networks to improve bamboo gene annotation and reveal the relationships between gene expression and growth traits. We integrated the genome sequence of moso bamboo and 78 transcriptome data sets to build genome-wide global and conditional co-expression networks. We overlaid the gene expression results onto the network with multiple dimensions (different development stages). Through combining the co-expression network, module classification and function enrichment tools, we identified 1,896 functional modules related to bamboo development, which covered functions such as photosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Furthermore, an online database (http://bioinformatics.cau.edu.cn/bamboo) was built for searching the moso bamboo co-expression network and module enrichment analysis. Our database also includes cis-element analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and other tools. In summary, we integrated public and in-house bamboo transcriptome data sets and carried out co-expression network analysis and functional module identification. Through data mining, we have yielded some novel insights into the regulation of growth and development. Our established online database might be convenient for the bamboo research community to identify functional genes or modules with important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Streckaite S, Gardian Z, Li F, Pascal AA, Litvin R, Robert B, Llansola-Portoles MJ. Pigment configuration in the light-harvesting protein of the xanthophyte alga Xanthonema debile. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:139-148. [PMID: 30006883 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The soil chromophyte alga Xanthonema (X.) debile contains only non-carbonyl carotenoids and Chl-a. X. debile has an antenna system denoted Xanthophyte light-harvesting complex (XLH) that contains the carotenoids diadinoxanthin, heteroxanthin, and vaucheriaxanthin. The XLH pigment stoichiometry was calculated by chromatographic techniques and the pigment-binding structure studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The pigment ratio obtained by HPLC was found to be close to 8:1:2:1 Chl-a:heteroxanthin:diadinoxanthin:vaucheriaxanthin. The resonance Raman spectra suggest the presence of 8-10 Chl-a, all of which are 5-coordinated to the central Mg, with 1-3 Chl-a possessing a macrocycle distorted from the relaxed conformation. The three populations of carotenoids are in the all-trans configuration. Vaucheriaxanthin absorbs around 500-530 nm, diadinoxanthin at 494 nm and heteroxanthin at 487 nm at 4.5 K. The effective conjugation length of heteroxanthin and diadinoxanthin has been determined as 9.4 in both cases; the environment polarizability of the heteroxanthin and diadinoxanthin binding pockets is 0.270 and 0.305, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Streckaite
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fei Li
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Radek Litvin
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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21
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Shukla MK, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Tichý M, Pascal AA, Robert B, Sobotka R. Binding of pigments to the cyanobacterial high-light-inducible protein HliC. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:29-39. [PMID: 29280045 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria possess a family of one-helix high-light-inducible proteins (HLIPs) that are widely viewed as ancestors of the light-harvesting antenna of plants and algae. HLIPs are essential for viability under various stress conditions, although their exact role is not fully understood. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains four HLIPs named HliA-D, and HliD has recently been isolated in a small protein complex and shown to bind chlorophyll and β-carotene. However, no HLIP has been isolated and characterized in a pure form up to now. We have developed a protocol to purify large quantities of His-tagged HliC from an engineered Synechocystis strain. Purified His-HliC is a pigmented homo-oligomer and is associated with chlorophyll and β-carotene with a 2:1 ratio. This differs from the 3:1 ratio reported for HliD. Comparison of these two HLIPs by resonance Raman spectroscopy revealed a similar conformation for their bound β-carotenes, but clear differences in their chlorophylls. We present and discuss a structural model of HliC, in which a dimeric protein binds four chlorophyll molecules and two β-carotenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kumar Shukla
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Martin Tichý
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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22
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Tibiletti T, Rehman AU, Vass I, Funk C. The stress-induced SCP/HLIP family of small light-harvesting-like proteins (ScpABCDE) protects Photosystem II from photoinhibitory damages in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:103-114. [PMID: 28795265 PMCID: PMC5783992 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Small CAB-like proteins (SCPs) are single-helix light-harvesting-like proteins found in all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. We investigated the effect of growth in moderate salt stress on these stress-induced proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 depleted of Photosystem I (PSI), which expresses SCPs constitutively, and compared these cells with a PSI-less/ScpABCDE- mutant. SCPs, by stabilizing chlorophyll-binding proteins and Photosystem II (PSII) assembly, protect PSII from photoinhibitory damages, and in their absence electrons accumulate and will lead to ROS formation. The presence of 0.2 M NaCl in the growth medium increased the respiratory activity and other PSII electron sinks in the PSI-less/ScpABCDE- strain. We postulate that this salt-induced effect consumes the excess of PSII-generated electrons, reduces the pressure of the electron transport chain, and thereby prevents 1O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Tibiletti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- SC Synchrotron SOLEIL, AILES beamline, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin- BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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23
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Myouga F, Takahashi K, Tanaka R, Nagata N, Kiss AZ, Funk C, Nomura Y, Nakagami H, Jansson S, Shinozaki K. Stable Accumulation of Photosystem II Requires ONE-HELIX PROTEIN1 (OHP1) of the Light Harvesting-Like Family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2277-2291. [PMID: 29438089 PMCID: PMC5841713 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cellular functions of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) one-helix proteins, OHP1 and OHP2 (also named LIGHT-HARVESTING-LIKE2 [LIL2] and LIL6, respectively, because they have sequence similarity to light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins), remain unclear. Tagged null mutants of OHP1 and OHP2 (ohp1 and ohp2) showed stunted growth with pale-green leaves on agar plates, and these mutants were unable to grow on soil. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and the composition of thylakoid membrane proteins revealed that ohp1 deletion substantially affected photosystem II (PSII) core protein function and led to reduced levels of photosystem I core proteins; however, it did not affect LHC accumulation. Transgenic ohp1 plants rescued with OHP1-HA or OHP1-Myc proteins developed a normal phenotype. Using these tagged OHP1 proteins in transgenic plants, we localized OHP1 to thylakoid membranes, where it formed protein complexes with both OHP2 and High Chlorophyll Fluorescence244 (HCF244). We also found PSII core proteins D1/D2, HCF136, and HCF173 and a few other plant-specific proteins associated with the OHP1/OHP2-HCF244 complex, suggesting that these complexes are early intermediates in PSII assembly. OHP1 interacted directly with HCF244 in the complex. Therefore, OHP1 and HCF244 play important roles in the stable accumulation of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyoshi Myouga
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Anett Z Kiss
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Christiane Funk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Yuko Nomura
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Plant Proteomics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Zhan J, Wang Q. Photoresponse Mechanism in Cyanobacteria: Key Factor in Photoautotrophic Chassis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:75-96. [PMID: 30091092 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the oldest oxygenic photoautotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have outstanding advantages as the chassis cell in the research field of synthetic biology. Cognition of photosynthetic mechanism, including the photoresponse mechanism under high-light (HL) conditions, is important for optimization of the cyanobacteria photoautotrophic chassis for synthesizing biomaterials as "microbial cell factories." Cyanobacteria are well-established model organisms for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis and have evolved various acclimatory responses to HL conditions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage. Here, we reviewed the latest progress in the mechanism of HL acclimation in cyanobacteria. The subsequent acclimatory responses and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are included: (1) acclimatory responses of PSII and PSI; (2) the degradation of phycobilisome; (3) induction of the photoprotective mechanisms such as state transitions, OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching, and the induction of HLIP family; and (4) the regulation mechanisms of the gene expression under HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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25
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Llansola-Portoles MJ, Litvin R, Ilioaia C, Pascal AA, Bina D, Robert B. Pigment structure in the violaxanthin-chlorophyll-a-binding protein VCP. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:51-58. [PMID: 28677008 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate pigment-binding site properties in the violaxanthin-chlorophyll-a-binding protein (VCP) from Nannochloropsis oceanica. The pigments bound to this antenna protein are chlorophyll-a, violaxanthin, and vaucheriaxanthin. The molecular structures of bound Chl-a molecules are discussed with respect to those of the plant antenna proteins LHCII and CP29, the crystal structures of which are known. We show that three populations of carotenoid molecules are bound by VCP, each of which is in an all-trans configuration. We assign the lower-energy absorption transition of each of these as follows. One violaxanthin population absorbs at 485 nm, while the second population is red-shifted and absorbs at 503 nm. The vaucheriaxanthin population absorbs at 525 nm, a position red-shifted by 2138 cm-1 as compared to isolated vaucheriaxanthin in n-hexane. The red-shifted violaxanthin is slightly less planar than the blue-absorbing one, as observed for the two central luteins in LHCII, and we suggest that these violaxanthins occupy the two equivalent binding sites in VCP at the centre of the cross-brace. The presence of a highly red-shifted vaucheriaxanthin in VCP is reminiscent of the situation of FCP, in which (even more) highly red-shifted populations of fucoxanthin are present. Tuning carotenoids to absorb in the green-yellow region of the visible spectrum appears to be a common evolutionary response to competition with other photosynthetic species in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Radek Litvin
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cristian Ilioaia
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - David Bina
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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26
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Zhao L, Cheng D, Huang X, Chen M, Dall'Osto L, Xing J, Gao L, Li L, Wang Y, Bassi R, Peng L, Wang Y, Rochaix JD, Huang F. A Light Harvesting Complex-Like Protein in Maintenance of Photosynthetic Components in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:2419-2433. [PMID: 28637830 PMCID: PMC5543936 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a genetic approach, we have identified and characterized a novel protein, named Msf1 (Maintenance factor for photosystem I), that is required for the maintenance of specific components of the photosynthetic apparatus in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Msf1 belongs to the superfamily of light-harvesting complex proteins with three transmembrane domains and consensus chlorophyll-binding sites. Loss of Msf1 leads to reduced accumulation of photosystem I and chlorophyll-binding proteins/complexes. Msf1is a component of a thylakoid complex containing key enzymes of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway, thus revealing a possible link between Msf1 and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Protein interaction assays and greening experiments demonstrate that Msf1 interacts with Copper target homolog1 (CHL27B) and accumulates concomitantly with chlorophyll in Chlamydomonas, implying that chlorophyll stabilizes Msf1. Contrary to other light-harvesting complex-like genes, the expression of Msf1 is not stimulated by high-light stress, but its protein level increases significantly under heat shock, iron and copper limitation, as well as in stationary cells. Based on these results, we propose that Msf1 is required for the maintenance of photosystem I and specific protein-chlorophyll complexes especially under certain stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jiale Xing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yale Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Lianwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Hey D, Rothbart M, Herbst J, Wang P, Müller J, Wittmann D, Gruhl K, Grimm B. LIL3, a Light-Harvesting Complex Protein, Links Terpenoid and Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1037-1050. [PMID: 28432258 PMCID: PMC5462053 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The LIL3 protein of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) belongs to the light-harvesting complex (LHC) protein family, which also includes the light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins of photosystems I and II, the early-light-inducible proteins, PsbS involved in nonphotochemical quenching, and the one-helix proteins and their cyanobacterial homologs designated high-light-inducible proteins. Each member of this family is characterized by one or two LHC transmembrane domains (referred to as the LHC motif) to which potential functions such as chlorophyll binding, protein interaction, and integration of interacting partners into the plastid membranes have been attributed. Initially, LIL3 was shown to interact with geranylgeranyl reductase (CHLP), an enzyme of terpene biosynthesis that supplies the hydrocarbon chain for chlorophyll and tocopherol. Here, we show another function of LIL3 for the stability of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Multiple protein-protein interaction analyses suggest the direct physical interaction of LIL3 with POR but not with chlorophyll synthase. Consistently, LIL3-deficient plants exhibit substantial loss of POR as well as CHLP, which is not due to defective transcription of the POR and CHLP genes but to the posttranslational modification of their protein products. Interestingly, in vitro biochemical analyses provide novel evidence that LIL3 shows high binding affinity to protochlorophyllide, the substrate of POR. Taken together, this study suggests a critical role for LIL3 in the organization of later steps in chlorophyll biosynthesis. We suggest that LIL3 associates with POR and CHLP and thus contributes to the supply of the two metabolites, chlorophyllide and phytyl pyrophosphate, required for the final step in chlorophyll a synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hey
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi Rothbart
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Herbst
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peng Wang
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Müller
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Wittmann
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Gruhl
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Zhang R, Nowack ECM, Price DC, Bhattacharya D, Grossman AR. Impact of light intensity and quality on chromatophore and nuclear gene expression in Paulinella chromatophora, an amoeba with nascent photosynthetic organelles. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:221-234. [PMID: 28182317 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastid evolution has been attributed to a single primary endosymbiotic event that occurred about 1.6 billion years ago (BYA) in which a cyanobacterium was engulfed and retained by a eukaryotic cell, although early steps in plastid integration are poorly understood. The photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella chromatophora represents a unique model for the study of plastid evolution because it contains cyanobacterium-derived photosynthetic organelles termed 'chromatophores' that originated relatively recently (0.09-0.14 BYA). The chromatophore genome is about a third the size of the genome of closely related cyanobacteria, but 10-fold larger than most plastid genomes. Several genes have been transferred from the chromatophore genome to the host nuclear genome through endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT). Some EGT-derived proteins could be imported into chromatophores for function. Two photosynthesis-related genes (psaI and csos4A) are encoded by both the nuclear and chromatophore genomes, suggesting that EGT in Paulinella chromatophora is ongoing. Many EGT-derived genes encode proteins that function in photosynthesis and photoprotection, including an expanded family of high-light-inducible (ncHLI) proteins. Cyanobacterial hli genes are high-light induced and required for cell viability under excess light. We examined the impact of light on Paulinella chromatophora and found that this organism is light sensitive and lacks light-induced transcriptional regulation of chromatophore genes and most EGT-derived nuclear genes. However, several ncHLI genes have reestablished light-dependent regulation, which appears analogous to what is observed in cyanobacteria. We postulate that expansion of the ncHLI gene family and its regulation may reflect the light/oxidative stress experienced by Paulinella chromatophora as a consequence of the as yet incomplete integration of host and chromatophore metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eva C M Nowack
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Dana C Price
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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29
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Responses of the picoprasinophyte Micromonas commoda to light and ultraviolet stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172135. [PMID: 28278262 PMCID: PMC5344333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micromonas is a unicellular marine green alga that thrives from tropical to polar ecosystems. We investigated the growth and cellular characteristics of acclimated mid-exponential phase Micromonas commoda RCC299 over multiple light levels and over the diel cycle (14:10 hour light:dark). We also exposed the light:dark acclimated M. commoda to experimental shifts from moderate to high light (HL), and to HL plus ultraviolet radiation (HL+UV), 4.5 hours into the light period. Cellular responses of this prasinophyte were quantified by flow cytometry and changes in gene expression by qPCR and RNA-seq. While proxies for chlorophyll a content and cell size exhibited similar diel variations in HL and controls, with progressive increases during day and decreases at night, both parameters sharply decreased after the HL+UV shift. Two distinct transcriptional responses were observed among chloroplast genes in the light shift experiments: i) expression of transcription and translation-related genes decreased over the time course, and this transition occurred earlier in treatments than controls; ii) expression of several photosystem I and II genes increased in HL relative to controls, as did the growth rate within the same diel period. However, expression of these genes decreased in HL+UV, likely as a photoprotective mechanism. RNA-seq also revealed two genes in the chloroplast genome, ycf2-like and ycf1-like, that had not previously been reported. The latter encodes the second largest chloroplast protein in Micromonas and has weak homology to plant Ycf1, an essential component of the plant protein translocon. Analysis of several nuclear genes showed that the expression of LHCSR2, which is involved in non-photochemical quenching, and five light-harvesting-like genes, increased 30 to >50-fold in HL+UV, but was largely unchanged in HL and controls. Under HL alone, a gene encoding a novel nitrite reductase fusion protein (NIRFU) increased, possibly reflecting enhanced N-assimilation under the 625 μmol photons m-2 s-1 supplied in the HL treatment. NIRFU’s domain structure suggests it may have more efficient electron transfer than plant NIR proteins. Our analyses indicate that Micromonas can readily respond to abrupt environmental changes, such that strong photoinhibition was provoked by combined exposure to HL and UV, but a ca. 6-fold increase in light was stimulatory.
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30
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Beck J, Lohscheider JN, Albert S, Andersson U, Mendgen KW, Rojas-Stütz MC, Adamska I, Funck D. Small One-Helix Proteins Are Essential for Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28167950 PMCID: PMC5253381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The extended superfamily of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins comprises the Light-Harvesting Complex Proteins (LHCs), the Early Light-Induced Proteins (ELIPs) and the Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS). The proteins of the ELIP family were proposed to function in photoprotection or assembly of thylakoid pigment-protein complexes and are further divided into subgroups with one to three transmembrane helices. Two small One-Helix Proteins (OHPs) are expressed constitutively in green plant tissues and their levels increase in response to light stress. In this study, we show that OHP1 and OHP2 are highly conserved in photosynthetic eukaryotes, but have probably evolved independently and have distinct functions in Arabidopsis. Mutations in OHP1 or OHP2 caused severe growth deficits, reduced pigmentation and disturbed thylakoid architecture. Surprisingly, the expression of OHP2 was severely reduced in ohp1 T-DNA insertion mutants and vice versa. In both ohp1 and ohp2 mutants, the levels of numerous photosystem components were strongly reduced and photosynthetic electron transport was almost undetectable. Accordingly, ohp1 and ohp2 mutants were dependent on external organic carbon sources for growth and did not produce seeds. Interestingly, the induction of ELIP1 expression and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity in low light conditions indicated that ohp1 mutants constantly suffer from photo-oxidative stress. Based on these data, we propose that OHP1 and OHP2 play an essential role in the assembly or stabilization of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, especially photosystem reaction centers, in the thylakoid membrane.
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31
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Llansola-Portoles MJ, Sobotka R, Kish E, Shukla MK, Pascal AA, Polívka T, Robert B. Twisting a β-Carotene, an Adaptive Trick from Nature for Dissipating Energy during Photoprotection. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1396-1403. [PMID: 27994060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria possess a family of one-helix high light-inducible proteins (Hlips) that are homologous to light-harvesting antenna of plants and algae. An Hlip protein, high light-inducible protein D (HliD) purified as a small complex with the Ycf39 protein is evaluated using resonance Raman spectroscopy. We show that the HliD binds two different β-carotenes, each present in two non-equivalent binding pockets with different conformations, having their (0,0) absorption maxima at 489 and 522 nm, respectively. Both populations of β-carotene molecules were in all-trans configuration and the absorption position of the farthest blue-shifted β-carotene was attributed entirely to the polarizability of the environment in its binding pocket. In contrast, the absorption maximum of the red-shifted β-carotene was attributed to two different factors: the polarizability of the environment in its binding pocket and, more importantly, to the conformation of its β-rings. This second β-carotene has highly twisted β-rings adopting a flat conformation, which implies that the effective conjugation length N is extended up to 10.5 modifying the energetic levels. This increase in N will also result in a lower S1 energy state, which may provide a permanent energy dissipation channel. Analysis of the carbonyl stretching region for chlorophyll a excitations indicates that the HliD binds six chlorophyll a molecules in five non-equivalent binding sites, with at least one chlorophyll a presenting a slight distortion to its macrocycle. The binding modes and conformations of HliD-bound pigments are discussed with respect to the known structures of LHCII and CP29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France,
| | - Roman Sobotka
- the Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic, and
| | - Elizabeth Kish
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Mahendra Kumar Shukla
- the Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic, and
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- the Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 01, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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32
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Baek K, Lee Y, Nam O, Park S, Sim SJ, Jin E. Introducing Dunaliella LIP promoter containing light-inducible motifs improves transgenic expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:384-92. [PMID: 26773277 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Promoter of the light-inducible protein gene (LIP) of Dunaliella was recently isolated in our laboratory. The aim of this work is to find the light-inducible motif in the Dunaliella LIP promoter and verify its regulatory motif with a Gaussia luciferase reporter gene transformed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 400 bp upstream to the translational start site of the Dunaliella LIP gene was gradually truncated and analyzed for the luciferase expression. Furthermore, this promoter comprising duplicated or triplicated light-responsive motifs was tested for its augmentation of light response. Two putative light-responsive motifs, GT-1 binding motif and sequences over-represented in light-repressed promoters (SORLIP) located in the 200 bp LIP promoter fragment were analyzed for their light responsibility. It is turned out that SORLIP was responsible for the light-inducible activity. With the copy number of SORLIP up to three showed stronger high light response compared with the native LIP promoter fragment. Therefore, we found a light-responsive DNA motif operating in Chlamydomonas and confirm a synthetic promoter including this motif displayed light inducibility in heterologously transformed green algae for the first time. This light-inducible expression system will be applied to various area of algal research including algal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangryul Baek
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yew Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Onyou Nam
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghye Park
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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33
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Deletion of the gene family of small chlorophyll-binding proteins (ScpABCDE) offsets C/N homeostasis in Synechocystis PCC 6803. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:396-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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34
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Komenda J, Sobotka R. Cyanobacterial high-light-inducible proteins — Protectors of chlorophyll–protein synthesis and assembly. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Zhao H, Lou Y, Sun H, Li L, Wang L, Dong L, Gao Z. Transcriptome and comparative gene expression analysis of Phyllostachys edulis in response to high light. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:34. [PMID: 26822690 PMCID: PMC4730629 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthesis plays a vital role as an energy source for plant metabolism, and its efficiency may be drastically reduced owing to abiotic stresses. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), is a renewable and versatile resource with significant ecological and economic value, which encounters high light stress with large amplitude in natural environment. However, the gene expression profiles in response to high light were elusive in bamboo. RESULTS We firstly performed physiological experiments on moso bamboo leaves treated with high light (1200 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1)). Based on the physiological results, three samples of leaves treated with high light for 0 h (CK), 0.5 h (0.5H), and 8 h (8H) were selected to perform further high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), respectively. Then, the transcriptomic result demonstrated that the most genes were expressed at a statistically significant value (FPKM ≥ 1) and the RNA-Seq data were validated via quantitative real time PCR. Moreover, some significant gene expression changes were detected. For instance, 154 differentially expressed genes were detected in 0.5H vs. CK, those in 8H vs. CK were 710, and 429 differentially expressed genes were also identified in 0.5H vs.8 H. Besides, 47 gene annotations closely related to photosynthesis were refined, including 35 genes annotated as light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) proteins, 9 LHC-like proteins and 3 PsbSs. Furthermore, the pathway of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photosynthesis was further analyzed. A total of 171 genes associated with ROS-scavenging were identified. Some up-regulated transcript factors, such as NAC, WRKY, AR2/ERF, and bHLH, mainly concentrated in short-term response, while C2H2, HSF, bZIP, and MYB were largely involved in short and middle terms response to high light. CONCLUSION Based on the gene expression analysis of moso bamboo in response to high light, we thus identified the global gene expression patterns, refined the annotations of LHC protein, LHC-like protein and PsbS, detected the pathway of ROS as well as identified ROS-scavenging genes and transcription factors in the regulation of photosynthetic and related metabolisms. These findings maybe provide a starting point to interpret the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis in moso bamboo under high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansheng Zhao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yongfeng Lou
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Huayu Sun
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Lichao Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Lili Dong
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhimin Gao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Wobbe L, Bassi R, Kruse O. Multi-Level Light Capture Control in Plants and Green Algae. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:55-68. [PMID: 26545578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Life on Earth relies on photosynthesis, and the ongoing depletion of fossil carbon fuels has renewed interest in phototrophic light-energy conversion processes as a blueprint for the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into various organic compounds. Light-harvesting systems have evolved in plants and green algae, which are adapted to the light intensity and spectral composition encountered in their habitats. These organisms are constantly challenged by a fluctuating light supply and other environmental cues affecting photosynthetic performance. Excess light can be especially harmful, but plants and microalgae are equipped with different acclimation mechanisms to control the processing of sunlight absorbed at both photosystems. We summarize the current knowledge and discuss the potential for optimization of phototrophic light-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Wobbe
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Universita degli Studi di Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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37
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Heinz S, Liauw P, Nickelsen J, Nowaczyk M. Analysis of photosystem II biogenesis in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:274-87. [PMID: 26592144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), a large multisubunit membrane protein complex found in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, algae and plants, catalyzes light-driven oxygen evolution from water and reduction of plastoquinone. Biogenesis of PSII requires coordinated assembly of at least 20 protein subunits, as well as incorporation of various organic and inorganic cofactors. The stepwise assembly process is facilitated by numerous protein factors that have been identified in recent years. Further analysis of this process requires the development or refinement of specific methods for the identification of novel assembly factors and, in particular, elucidation of the unique role of each. Here we summarize current knowledge of PSII biogenesis in cyanobacteria, focusing primarily on the impact of methodological advances and innovations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organization and dynamics of bioenergetic systems in bacteria, edited by Conrad Mullineaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Heinz
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pasqual Liauw
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Marc Nowaczyk
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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38
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Akulinkina DV, Bolychevtseva YV, Elanskaya IV, Karapetyan NV, Yurina NP. Association of High Light-Inducible HliA/HliB Stress Proteins with Photosystem 1 Trimers and Monomers of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:1254-61. [PMID: 26567568 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hlip (high light-inducible proteins) are important for protection of the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria from light stress. However, the interaction of these proteins with chlorophyll-protein complexes of thylakoids remains unclear. The association of HliA/HliB stress proteins with photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 was studied to understand their function. Western blotting demonstrated that stress-induced HliA/HliB proteins are associated with PS1 trimers in wild-type cells grown under moderate light condition (40 µmol photons/m(2) per sec). The content of these proteins increased 1.7-fold after light stress (150 µmol photons/m(2) per sec) for 1 h. In the absence of PS1 trimers (ΔpsaL mutant), the HliA/HliB proteins are associated with PS1 monomers and the PS2 complex. HliA/HliB proteins are associated with PS1 monomers but not with PS1 trimers in Synechocystis PS2-deficient mutant grown at 5 µmol photons/m(2) per sec; the content of Hli proteins associated with PS1 monomers increased 1.2-fold after light stress. The HliA/HliB proteins were not detected in wild-type cells of cyanobacteria grown in glucose-supplemented medium at 5 µmol photons/m(2) per sec, but light stress induces the synthesis of stress proteins associated with PS1 trimers. Thus, for the first time, the association of HliA/HliB proteins not only with PS1 trimers, but also with PS1 monomers is shown, which suggests a universal role of these proteins in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus from excess light.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Akulinkina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Lohscheider JN, Rojas-Stütz MC, Rothbart M, Andersson U, Funck D, Mendgen K, Grimm B, Adamska I. Altered levels of LIL3 isoforms in Arabidopsis lead to disturbed pigment-protein assembly and chlorophyll synthesis, chlorotic phenotype and impaired photosynthetic performance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2115-27. [PMID: 25808681 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex (LHC)-like (LIL) proteins contain two transmembrane helices of which the first bears a chlorophyll (Chl)-binding motif. They are widespread in photosynthetic organisms, but almost nothing is known about their expression and physiological functions. We show that two LIL3 paralogues (LIL3:1 and LIL3:2) in Arabidopsis thaliana are expressed in photosynthetically active tissues and their expression is differentially influenced by light stress. Localization studies demonstrate that both isoforms are associated with subcomplexes of LHC antenna of photosystem II. Transgenic plants with reduced amounts of LIL3:1 exhibited a slightly impaired growth and have reduced Chl and carotenoid contents as compared to wild-type plants. Ectopic overexpression of either paralogue led to a developmentally regulated switch to co-suppression of both LIL3 isoforms, resulting in a circular chlorosis of the leaf rosettes. Chlorotic sectors show severely diminished levels of LIL3 isoforms and other proteins, and thylakoid morphology was changed. Additionally, the levels of enzymes involved in Chl biosynthesis are altered in lil3 mutant plants. Our data support a role of LIL3 paralogues in the regulation of Chl biosynthesis under light stress and under standard growth conditions as well as in a coordinated ligation of newly synthesized and/or rescued Chl molecules to their target apoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens N Lohscheider
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Marc C Rojas-Stütz
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maxi Rothbart
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, DE-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrica Andersson
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dietmar Funck
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kurt Mendgen
- Phytopathologie, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, DE-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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40
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D'Haene SE, Sobotka R, Bučinská L, Dekker JP, Komenda J. Interaction of the PsbH subunit with a chlorophyll bound to histidine 114 of CP47 is responsible for the red 77K fluorescence of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1327-34. [PMID: 26164101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of the active Photosystem II (PSII) complex is a red-shifted low temperature fluorescence emission at about 693nm. The origin of this emission has been attributed to a monomeric 'red' chlorophyll molecule located in the CP47 subunit. However, the identity and function of this chlorophyll remain uncertain. In our previous work, we could not detect the red PSII emission in a mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking PsbH, a small transmembrane subunit bound to CP47. However, it has not been clear whether the PsbH is structurally essential for the red emission or the observed effect of mutation has been indirectly caused by compromised PSII stability and function. In the present work we performed a detailed spectroscopic characterization of PSII in cells of a mutant lacking PsbH and Photosystem I and we also characterized PSII core complexes isolated from this mutant. In addition, we purified and characterized the CP47 assembly modules containing and lacking PsbH. The results clearly confirm an essential role of PsbH in the origin of the PSII red emission and also demonstrate that PsbH stabilizes the binding of one β-carotene molecule in PSII. Crystal structures of the cyanobacterial PSII show that PsbH directly interacts with a single monomeric chlorophyll ligated by the histidine 114 residue of CP47 and we conclude that this peripheral chlorophyll hydrogen-bonded to PsbH is responsible for the red fluorescence state of CP47. Given the proximity of β-carotene this state could participate in the dissipation of excessive light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine E D'Haene
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Physics of Energy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bučinská
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan P Dekker
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Physics of Energy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kirilovsky
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Campus Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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42
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Daddy S, Zhan J, Jantaro S, He C, He Q, Wang Q. A novel high light-inducible carotenoid-binding protein complex in the thylakoid membranes of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9480. [PMID: 25820628 PMCID: PMC4377637 DOI: 10.1038/srep09480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a model cyanobacterium extensively used to study photosynthesis. Here we reveal a novel high light-inducible carotenoid-binding protein complex (HLCC) in the thylakoid membranes of Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells exposed to high intensity light. Zeaxanthin and myxoxanthophyll accounted for 29.8% and 54.8%, respectively, of the carotenoids bound to the complex. Using Blue-Native PAGE followed by 2D SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, we showed that the HLCC consisted of Slr1128, IsiA, PsaD, and HliA/B. We confirmed these findings by SEAD fluorescence cross-linking and anti-PsaD immuno-coprecipitation analyses. The expression of genes encoding the protein components of the HLCC was enhanced by high light illumination and artificial oxidative stress. Deletion of these proteins resulted in impaired state transition and increased sensitivity to oxidative and/or high light stress, as indicated by increased membrane peroxidation. Therefore, the HLCC protects thylakoid membranes from extensive photooxidative damage, likely via a mechanism involving state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumana Daddy
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204
| | - Jiao Zhan
- 1] Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Saowarath Jantaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Payathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chenliu He
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qingfang He
- 1] Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204 [2] Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Staleva H, Komenda J, Shukla MK, Šlouf V, Kaňa R, Polívka T, Sobotka R. Mechanism of photoprotection in the cyanobacterial ancestor of plant antenna proteins. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:287-91. [PMID: 25706339 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants collect light for photosynthesis using light-harvesting complexes (LHCs)-an array of chlorophyll proteins that are able to reversibly switch from harvesting to energy-dissipation mode to prevent damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. LHC antennae as well as other members of the LHC superfamily evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors called high light-inducible proteins (Hlips). Here, we characterized a purified Hlip family member HliD isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We found that the HliD binds chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and β-carotene and exhibits an energy-dissipative conformation. Using femtosecond spectroscopy, we demonstrated that the energy dissipation is achieved via direct energy transfer from a Chl-a Qy state to the β-carotene S1 state. We did not detect any cation of β-carotene that would accompany Chl-a quenching. These results provide proof of principle that this quenching mechanism operates in the LHC superfamily and also shed light on the photoprotective role of Hlips and the evolution of LHC antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Staleva
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mahendra K Shukla
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šlouf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- 1] Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. [2] Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Knoppová J, Sobotka R, Tichý M, Yu J, Konik P, Halada P, Nixon PJ, Komenda J. Discovery of a chlorophyll binding protein complex involved in the early steps of photosystem II assembly in Synechocystis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1200-12. [PMID: 24681620 PMCID: PMC4001378 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient assembly and repair of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complex is vital for maintaining photosynthetic activity in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. How chlorophyll is delivered to PSII during assembly and how vulnerable assembly complexes are protected from photodamage are unknown. Here, we identify a chlorophyll and β-carotene binding protein complex in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 important for formation of the D1/D2 reaction center assembly complex. It is composed of putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase Ycf39, encoded by the slr0399 gene, and two members of the high-light-inducible protein (Hlip) family, HliC and HliD, which are small membrane proteins related to the light-harvesting chlorophyll binding complexes found in plants. Perturbed chlorophyll recycling in a Ycf39-null mutant and copurification of chlorophyll synthase and unassembled D1 with the Ycf39-Hlip complex indicate a role in the delivery of chlorophyll to newly synthesized D1. Sequence similarities suggest the presence of a related complex in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knoppová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Konik
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 14220 Praha 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J. Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Address correspondence to
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Sobotka R. Making proteins green; biosynthesis of chlorophyll-binding proteins in cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 119:223-32. [PMID: 23377990 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is an essential component of the photosynthetic apparatus. Embedded into Chl-binding proteins, Chl molecules play a central role in light harvesting and charge separation within the photosystems. It is critical for the photosynthetic cell to not only ensure the synthesis of a sufficient amount of new Chl-binding proteins but also avoids any misbalance between apoprotein synthesis and the formation of potentially phototoxic Chl molecules. According to the available data, Chl-binding proteins are translated on membrane bound ribosomes and their integration into the membrane is provided by the SecYEG/Alb3 translocon machinery. It appears that the insertion of Chl molecules into growing polypeptide is a prerequisite for the correct folding and finishing of Chl-binding protein synthesis. Although the Chl biosynthetic pathway is fairly well-described on the level of enzymatic steps, a link between Chl biosynthesis and the synthesis of apoproteins remains elusive. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge about this issue putting emphasis on protein-protein interactions. I present a model of the Chl biosynthetic pathway organized into a multi-enzymatic complex and physically attached to the SecYEG/Alb3 translocon. Localization of this hypothetical large biosynthetic centre in the cyanobacterial cell is also discussed as well as regulatory mechanisms coordinating the rate of Chl and apoprotein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovický mlyn, Třeboň, Czech Republic,
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46
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Park S, Lee Y, Lee JH, Jin E. Expression of the high light-inducible Dunaliella LIP promoter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTA 2013; 238:1147-56. [PMID: 24043576 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly inducible promoters is critical for designing effective transformation systems for transgenic analyses. In this study, we investigated the promoter of the light-inducible protein gene (LIP) of the marine alga Dunaliella sp. LIPs are homologs of the early light-induced proteins (ELIPs) of Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the LIP promoter contains several light-responsive motifs. Constructs containing progressive truncations of the LIP promoter fused with a Renilla luciferase gene were introduced into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to identify the light-responsive region in the promoter. Transcription from the LIP promoter was stimulated by high light (HL) in a light intensity-dependent manner. In contrast, oxidative stress induced by chemicals had little effect on the LIP promoter, which implies that the LIP promoter is exclusively induced by high light. Truncation of the promoter to a -100 base pair (bp) region abrogated light inducibility, which suggests the presence of a negative cis-regulatory element upstream of the -100 bp fragment. The LIP promoter can be utilized in transgenic research to specifically select and propagate transgenic microalgae under high-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghye Park
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yew Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Summerfield TC, Crawford TS, Young RD, Chua JPS, Macdonald RL, Sherman LA, Eaton-Rye JJ. Environmental pH affects photoautotrophic growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strains carrying mutations in the lumenal proteins of PSII. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:859-74. [PMID: 23444302 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 grows photoautotrophically across a broad pH range, but wild-type cultures reach a higher density at elevated pH; however, photoheterotrophic growth is similar at high and neutral pH. A number of PSII mutants each lacking at least one lumenal extrinsic protein, and carrying a second PSII lumenal mutation, are able to grow photoautotrophically in BG-11 medium at pH 10.0, but not pH 7.5. We investigated the basis of this pH effect and observed no pH-specific change in variable fluorescence yield from PSII centers of the wild type or the pH-dependent ΔPsbO:ΔPsbU and ΔPsbV:ΔCyanoQ strains; however, 77 K fluorescence emission spectra indicated increased coupling of the phycobilisome (PBS) antenna at pH 10.0 in all mutants. DNA microarray data showed a cell-wide response to transfer from pH 10.0 to pH 7.5, including decreased mRNA levels of a number of oxidative stress-responsive transcripts. We hypothesize that this transcriptional response led to increased tolerance against reactive oxygen species and in particular singlet oxygen. This response enabled photoautotrophic growth of the PSII mutants at pH 10.0. This hypothesis was supported by increased resistance of all strains to rose bengal at pH 10.0 compared with pH 7.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina C Summerfield
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Kelly L, Ding H, Huang KH, Osburne MS, Chisholm SW. Genetic diversity in cultured and wild marine cyanomyoviruses reveals phosphorus stress as a strong selective agent. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:1827-41. [PMID: 23657361 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Viruses that infect marine cyanobacteria-cyanophages-often carry genes with orthologs in their cyanobacterial hosts, and the frequency of these genes can vary with habitat. To explore habitat-influenced genomic diversity more deeply, we used the genomes of 28 cultured cyanomyoviruses as references to identify phage genes in three ocean habitats. Only about 6-11% of genes were consistently observed in the wild, revealing high gene-content variability in these populations. Numerous shared phage/host genes differed in relative frequency between environments, including genes related to phosphorous acquisition, photorespiration, photosynthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, possibly reflecting environmental selection for these genes in cyanomyovirus genomes. The strongest emergent signal was related to phosphorous availability; a higher fraction of genomes from relatively low-phosphorus environments-the Sargasso and Mediterranean Sea-contained host-like phosphorus assimilation genes compared with those from the N. Pacific Gyre. These genes are known to be upregulated when the host is phosphorous starved, a response mediated by pho box motifs in phage genomes that bind a host regulatory protein. Eleven cyanomyoviruses have predicted pho boxes upstream of the phosphate-acquisition genes pstS and phoA; eight of these have a conserved cyanophage-specific gene (PhCOG173) between the pho box and pstS. PhCOG173 is also found upstream of other shared phage/host genes, suggesting a unique regulatory role. Pho boxes are found upstream of high light-inducible (hli) genes in cyanomyoviruses, suggesting that this motif may have a broader role than regulating phosphorous-stress responses in infected hosts or that these hlis are involved in the phosphorous-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libusha Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Soule T, Gao Q, Stout V, Garcia-Pichel F. The Global Response ofNostoc punctiformeATCC 29133 to UVA Stress, Assessed in a Temporal DNA Microarray Study. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:415-23. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qunjie Gao
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe; AZ
| | - Valerie Stout
- School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe; AZ
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Komenda J, Sobotka R, Nixon PJ. Assembling and maintaining the Photosystem II complex in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:245-51. [PMID: 22386092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants, algae and cyanobacteria grow because of their ability to use sunlight to extract electrons from water. This vital reaction is catalysed by the Photosystem II (PSII) complex, a large multi-subunit pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Recent results show that assembly of PSII occurs in a step-wise fashion in defined regions of the membrane system, involves conserved auxiliary factors and is closely coupled to chlorophyll biosynthesis. PSII is also repaired following damage by light. FtsH proteases play an important role in selectively removing damaged proteins from the complex, both in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, whilst undamaged subunits and pigments are recycled. The chloroplastic Deg proteases play a supplementary role in PSII repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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