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Atapour N, Rosa MGP, Bai S, Bednarek S, Kulesza A, Saworska G, Teymornejad S, Worthy KH, Majka P. Distribution of calbindin-positive neurons across areas and layers of the marmoset cerebral cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012428. [PMID: 39312590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the mammalian cerebral cortex demands technical approaches to map the spatial distribution of neurons with different biochemical identities. This issue is magnified in the case of the primate cortex, characterized by a large number of areas with distinctive cytoarchitectures. To date, no full map of the distribution of cells expressing a specific protein has been reported for the cortex of any primate. Here we have charted the 3-dimensional distribution of neurons expressing the calcium-binding protein calbindin (CB+ neurons) across the entire marmoset cortex, using a combination of immunohistochemistry, automated cell identification, computerized reconstruction, and cytoarchitecture-aware registration. CB+ neurons formed a heterogeneous population, which together corresponded to 10-20% of the cortical neurons. They occurred in higher proportions in areas corresponding to low hierarchical levels of processing, such as sensory cortices. Although CB+ neurons were concentrated in the supragranular and granular layers, there were clear global trends in their laminar distribution. For example, their relative density in infragranular layers increased with hierarchical level along sensorimotor processing streams, and their density in layer 4 was lower in areas involved in sensorimotor integration, action planning and motor control. These results reveal new quantitative aspects of the cytoarchitectural organization of the primate cortex, and demonstrate an approach to mapping the full distribution of neurochemically distinct cells throughout the brain which is readily applicable to most other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Atapour
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sylwia Bednarek
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kulesza
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Saworska
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sadaf Teymornejad
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Piotr Majka
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Lee M, Kim EJ, Yum MS. Early developmental changes in a rat model of malformations of cortical development: Abnormal neuronal migration and altered response to NMDA-induced excitotoxic injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114759. [PMID: 38519010 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are caused by abnormal neuronal migration processes during the fetal period and are a major cause of intractable epilepsy in infancy. However, the timing of hyperexcitability or epileptogenesis in MCDs remains unclear. To identify the early developmental changes in the brain of the MCD rat model, which exhibits increased seizure susceptibility during infancy (P12-15), we analyzed the pathological changes in the brains of MCD model rats during the neonatal period and tested NMDA-induced seizure susceptibility. Pregnant rats were injected with two doses of methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM, 15 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce MCD, while controls were administered normal saline. The cortical development of the offspring was measured by performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on postnatal days (P) 1, 5, and 8. At P8, some rats were sacrificed for immunofluorescence, Golgi staining, and Western analysis. In another set of rats, the number and latency to onset of spasms were monitored for 90 min after the NMDA (5 mg/kg i.p.) injection at P8. In MCD rats, in vivo MR imaging showed smaller brain volume and thinner cortex from day 1 after birth (p < 0.001). Golgi staining and immunofluorescence revealed abnormal neuronal migration, with a reduced number of neuronal cell populations and less dendritic arborization at P8. Furthermore, MCD rats exhibited a significant reduction in the expression of NMDA receptors and AMPAR4, along with an increase in AMPAR3 expression (p < 0.05). Although there was no difference in the latency to seizure onset between MCD rats and controls, the MCD rats survived significantly longer than the controls. These results provide insights into the early developmental changes in the cortex of a MCD rat model and suggest that delayed and abnormal neuronal development in the immature brain is associated with a blunted response to NMDA-induced excitotoxic injury. These developmental changes may be involved in the sudden onset of epilepsy in patients with MCD or prenatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Clasadonte J, Deprez T, Stephens GS, Mairet-Coello G, Cortin PY, Boutier M, Frey A, Chin J, Rajman M. ΔFosB is part of a homeostatic mechanism that protects the epileptic brain from further deterioration. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1324922. [PMID: 38283700 PMCID: PMC10810990 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1324922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Activity induced transcription factor ΔFosB plays a key role in different CNS disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and addiction. Recent findings suggest that ΔFosB drives cognitive deficits in epilepsy and together with the emergence of small molecule inhibitors of ΔFosB activity makes it an interesting therapeutic target. However, whether ΔFosB contributes to pathophysiology or provides protection in drug-resistant epilepsy is still unclear. In this study, ΔFosB was specifically downregulated by delivering AAV-shRNA into the hippocampus of chronically epileptic mice using the drug-resistant pilocarpine model of mesial temporal epilepsy (mTLE). Immunohistochemistry analyses showed that prolonged downregulation of ΔFosB led to exacerbation of neuroinflammatory markers of astrogliosis and microgliosis, loss of mossy fibers, and hippocampal granule cell dispersion. Furthermore, prolonged inhibition of ΔFosB using a ΔJunD construct to block ΔFosB signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, that exhibits spontaneous recurrent seizures, led to similar findings, with increased neuroinflammation and decreased NPY expression in mossy fibers. Together, these data suggest that seizure-induced ΔFosB, regardless of seizure-etiology, is part of a homeostatic mechanism that protects the epileptic brain from further deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Clasadonte
- Epilepsy Discovery Research, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Tania Deprez
- Epilepsy Discovery Research, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pierre-Yves Cortin
- Epilepsy Discovery Research, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Maxime Boutier
- Epilepsy Discovery Research, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Aurore Frey
- Epilepsy Discovery Research, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jeannie Chin
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marek Rajman
- Epilepsy Discovery Research, UCB Biopharma SRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
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4
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Morishita M, Kobayashi K, Mitsuzuka M, Takagi R, Ono K, Momma R, Tsuneoka Y, Horio S, Tsukahara S. Two-Step Actions of Testicular Androgens in the Organization of a Male-Specific Neural Pathway from the Medial Preoptic Area to the Ventral Tegmental Area for Modulating Sexually Motivated Behavior. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7322-7336. [PMID: 37722849 PMCID: PMC10621776 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0361-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the MPOA has been studied to understand sexual dimorphism, although the anatomy and physiology of the SDN is not fully understood. Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors. A target-specific neuroanatomical study using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of Calb1, a gene expressed abundantly in the SDN, revealed that SDN neurons are divided into two subpopulations, GABA neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they link to the dopamine system (CalbVTA neurons), and GABA neurons that extend axons in the MPOA or project to neighboring regions (CalbnonVTA neurons). CalbVTA neurons were abundant in males, but were scarce or absent in females. There was no difference in the number of CalbnonVTA neurons between sexes. Additionally, we found that emergence of CalbVTA neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. Chemogenetic analyses of CalbVTA neurons indicated a role in modulating sexual motivation in males. Knockdown of Calb1 in the MPOA reduced the intromission required for males to complete copulation. These findings provide strong evidence that a male-specific neural pathway from the MPOA to the VTA is organized by the two-step actions of testicular androgens for the modulation of sexually motivated behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The MPOA is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors, although its sexual dimorphism is not fully understood. Here, we describe a population of MPOA neurons that contribute to the sexual dimorphism. These neurons only exist in masculinized brains, and they project their axons to the ventral tegmental area, where they link to the dopamine system. Emergence of such neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. These MPOA neurons endow masculinized brains with a neural pathway from the MPOA to the ventral tegmental area and modulate sexually motivated behavior in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morishita
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kaito Kobayashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Moeri Mitsuzuka
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kota Ono
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Rami Momma
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 43-8540, Japan
| | - Shuhei Horio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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5
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Kuga N, Nakayama R, Morikawa S, Yagishita H, Konno D, Shiozaki H, Honjoya N, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Hippocampal sharp wave ripples underlie stress susceptibility in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2105. [PMID: 37080967 PMCID: PMC10119298 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral hippocampus (vHC) is a core brain region for emotional memory. Here, we examined how the vHC regulates stress susceptibility from the level of gene expression to neuronal population dynamics in male mice. Transcriptome analysis of samples from stress-naïve mice revealed that intrinsic calbindin (Calb1) expression in the vHC is associated with susceptibility to social defeat stress. Mice with Calb1 gene knockdown in the vHC exhibited increased stress resilience and failed to show the increase in the poststress ventral hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) rate. Poststress vHC SWRs triggered synchronous reactivation of stress memory-encoding neuronal ensembles and facilitated information transfer to the amygdala. Suppression of poststress vHC SWRs by real-time feedback stimulation or walking prevented social behavior deficits. Taken together, our results demonstrate that internal reactivation of memories of negative stressful episodes supported by ventral hippocampal SWRs serves as a crucial neurophysiological substrate for determining stress susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Morikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruya Yagishita
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daichi Konno
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shiozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Natsumi Honjoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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6
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A Novel Early Life Stress Model Affects Brain Development and Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054688. [PMID: 36902120 PMCID: PMC10002977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) in developing children has been linked to physical and psychological sequelae in adulthood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ELS on brain and behavioral development by establishing a novel ELS model that combined the maternal separation paradigm and mesh platform condition. We found that the novel ELS model caused anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and induced social deficits and memory impairment in the offspring of mice. In particular, the novel ELS model induced more enhanced depression-like behavior and memory impairment than the maternal separation model, which is the established ELS model. Furthermore, the novel ELS caused upregulation of arginine vasopressin expression and downregulation of GABAergic interneuron markers, such as parvalbumin (PV), vasoactive intestinal peptide, and calbindin-D28k (CaBP-28k), in the brains of the mice. Finally, the offspring in the novel ELS model showed a decreased number of cortical PV-, CaBP-28k-positive cells and an increased number of cortical ionized calcium-binding adaptors-positive cells in their brains compared to mice in the established ELS model. Collectively, these results indicated that the novel ELS model induced more negative effects on brain and behavioral development than the established ELS model.
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7
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Cope ZA, Murai T, Sukoff Rizzo SJ. Emerging Electroencephalographic Biomarkers to Improve Preclinical to Clinical Translation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:805063. [PMID: 35250541 PMCID: PMC8891809 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.805063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continually emerging data indicate that sub-clinical, non-convulsive epileptiform activity is not only prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but is detectable early in the course of the disease and predicts cognitive decline in both humans and animal models. Epileptiform activity and other electroencephalographic (EEG) measures may hold powerful, untapped potential to improve the translational validity of AD-related biomarkers in model animals ranging from mice, to rats, and non-human primates. In this review, we will focus on studies of epileptiform activity, EEG slowing, and theta-gamma coupling in preclinical models, with particular focus on its role in cognitive decline and relevance to AD. Here, each biomarker is described in the context of the contemporary literature and recent findings in AD relevant animal models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo
- Aging Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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8
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Tsolias A, Medalla M. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Localization on Distinct Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons Within the ACC and LPFC of the Rhesus Monkey. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:795325. [PMID: 35087381 PMCID: PMC8786743 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.795325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) can act on pre- and post-synaptic muscarinic receptors (mAChR) in the cortex to influence a myriad of cognitive processes. Two functionally-distinct regions of the prefrontal cortex-the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-are differentially innervated by ascending cholinergic pathways yet, the nature and organization of prefrontal-cholinergic circuitry in primates are not well understood. Using multi-channel immunohistochemical labeling and high-resolution microscopy, we found regional and laminar differences in the subcellular localization and the densities of excitatory and inhibitory subpopulations expressing m1 and m2 muscarinic receptors, the two predominant cortical mAChR subtypes, in the supragranular layers of LPFC and ACC in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The subset of m1+/m2+ expressing SMI-32+ pyramidal neurons labeled in layer 3 (L3) was denser in LPFC than in ACC, while m1+/m2+ SMI-32+ neurons co-expressing the calcium-binding protein, calbindin (CB) was greater in ACC. Further, we found between-area differences in laminar m1+ dendritic expression, and m2+ presynaptic localization on cortico-cortical (VGLUT1+) and sub-cortical inputs (VGLUT2+), suggesting differential cholinergic modulation of top-down vs. bottom-up inputs in the two areas. While almost all inhibitory interneurons-identified by their expression of parvalbumin (PV+), CB+, and calretinin (CR+)-expressed m1+, the localization of m2+ differed by subtype and area. The ACC exhibited a greater proportion of m2+ inhibitory neurons compared to the LPFC and had a greater density of presynaptic m2+ localized on inhibitory (VGAT+) inputs targeting proximal somatodendritic compartments and axon initial segments of L3 pyramidal neurons. These data suggest a greater capacity for m2+-mediated cholinergic suppression of inhibition in the ACC compared to the LPFC. The anatomical localization of muscarinic receptors on ACC and LPFC micro-circuits shown here contributes to our understanding of diverse cholinergic neuromodulation of functionally-distinct prefrontal areas involved in goal-directed behavior, and how these interactions maybe disrupted in neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsolias
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Craeghs L, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Verslegers M, Van der Jeugd A, Govaerts K, Dresselaers T, Wogensen E, Verreet T, Moons L, Benotmane MA, Himmelreich U, D'Hooge R. Prenatal Radiation Exposure Leads to Higher-Order Telencephalic Dysfunctions in Adult Mice That Coincide with Reduced Synaptic Plasticity and Cerebral Hypersynchrony. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3525-3541. [PMID: 34902856 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher-order telencephalic circuitry has been suggested to be especially vulnerable to irradiation or other developmentally toxic impact. This report details the adult effects of prenatal irradiation at a sensitive time point on clinically relevant brain functions controlled by telencephalic regions, hippocampus (HPC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Pregnant C57Bl6/J mice were whole-body irradiated at embryonic day 11 (start of neurogenesis) with X-ray intensities of 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 Gy. Female offspring completed a broad test battery of HPC-/PFC-controlled tasks that included cognitive performance, fear extinction, exploratory, and depression-like behaviors. We examined neural functions that are mechanistically related to these behavioral and cognitive changes, such as hippocampal field potentials and long-term potentiation, functional brain connectivity (by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging), and expression of HPC vesicular neurotransmitter transporters (by immunohistochemical quantification). Prenatally exposed mice displayed several higher-order dysfunctions, such as decreased nychthemeral activity, working memory defects, delayed extinction of threat-evoked response suppression as well as indications of perseverative behavior. Electrophysiological examination indicated impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Prenatal irradiation also induced cerebral hypersynchrony and increased the number of glutamatergic HPC terminals. These changes in brain connectivity and plasticity could mechanistically underlie the irradiation-induced defects in higher telencephalic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livine Craeghs
- Department of Brain & Cognition, Research Group Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Department of Brain & Cognition, Research Group Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Safety, Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Department of Brain & Cognition, Research Group Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kristof Govaerts
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, Research Group Biomedical MRI, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, Research Group Biomedical MRI, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elise Wogensen
- Department of Brain & Cognition, Research Group Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tine Verreet
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Safety, Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Department of Biology, Research Group Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Health and Safety, Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, Research Group Biomedical MRI, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Department of Brain & Cognition, Research Group Biological Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
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10
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Kim KR, Jeong HJ, Kim Y, Lee SY, Kim Y, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Cho H, Kang JS, Ho WK. Calbindin regulates Kv4.1 trafficking and excitability in dentate granule cells via CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1134-1147. [PMID: 34234278 PMCID: PMC8333054 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calbindin, a major Ca2+ buffer in dentate granule cells (GCs), plays a critical role in shaping Ca2+ signals, yet how it regulates neuronal function remains largely unknown. Here, we found that calbindin knockout (CBKO) mice exhibited dentate GC hyperexcitability and impaired pattern separation, which co-occurred with reduced K+ current due to downregulated surface expression of Kv4.1. Relatedly, manipulation of calbindin expression in HT22 cells led to changes in CaMKII activation and the level of surface localization of Kv4.1 through phosphorylation at serine 555, confirming the mechanism underlying neuronal hyperexcitability in CBKO mice. We also discovered that Ca2+ buffering capacity was significantly reduced in the GCs of Tg2576 mice to the level of CBKO GCs, and this reduction was restored to normal levels by antioxidants, suggesting that calbindin is a target of oxidative stress. Our data suggest that the regulation of CaMKII signaling by Ca2+ buffering is crucial for neuronal excitability regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science Inc, 110 Magokdong-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07793, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoonsub Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Ho
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020644. [PMID: 33440708 PMCID: PMC7827208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults.
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12
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Zhang X, Mei Y, He Y, Wang D, Wang J, Wei X, Yang E, Zhou D, Shen H, Peng G, Shu Q, Li X, Luo B, Zhou Y, Sun B. Ablating Adult Neural Stem Cells Improves Synaptic and Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer Models. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:89-105. [PMID: 33382977 PMCID: PMC7897582 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is impaired in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as AD models. However, it is far from clear how modulating adult neurogenesis affects AD neuropathology. We confirm that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in two AD models. Surprisingly, however, cognitive functions are improved in AD models after ablating adult neural stem cells (aNSCs). Ablation of aNSCs does not affect the levels of amyloid β but restores the normal synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells of AD models. Furthermore, calbindin depletion in the DG of AD mice is ameliorated after aNSC ablation, and knocking down calbindin abolishes the effects of aNSC ablation on synaptic and cognitive functions of AD mice. Together, our data suggest that cognitive functions of AD mice are improved after aNSC ablation, which is associated with the restoration of synaptic transmission in the DG granule cells with calbindin as an important mediator. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis was impaired in two AD models Cognitive functions were improved in AD models after ablation of aNSCs Ablating aNSCs restored the normal synaptic transmission in the DG granule cells of AD models Altered expression of calbindin mediated the effects of ablating aNSCs on synaptic and cognitive functions in AD mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
| | - Yufei Mei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Dongpi Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Enlu Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China
| | - Haowei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China
| | - Xuekun Li
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310052, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310029, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yudong Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
| | - Binggui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
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Ehlers VL, Smies CW, Moyer JR. Apoaequorin differentially modulates fear memory in adult and aged rats. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01832. [PMID: 32945630 PMCID: PMC7667302 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive deficits during aging are pervasive across species and learning paradigms. One of the major mechanisms thought to play a role in age-related memory decline is dysregulated calcium (Ca2+ ) homeostasis. Aging is associated with impaired function of several calcium-regulatory mechanisms, including calcium-binding proteins that normally support intracellular Ca2+ regulation. This age-related calcium-binding protein dysfunction and changes in expression lead to disrupted maintenance of intracellular Ca2+ , thus contributing to memory decline. Other work has found that age-related cognitive deficits can be mitigated by either blocking Ca2+ entry into the cytosol or preventing its release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. However, the effect of calcium-binding protein administration on cognitive function during aging is not well-understood. Our laboratory has previously shown that the calcium-binding protein apoaequorin (AQ) is neuroprotective during oxygen-glucose deprivation, a model of in vitro ischemia characterized by calcium-induced excitotoxicity. The current experiments assessed the effect of direct dorsal hippocampal AQ infusion on trace and context fear memory in adult and aged rats. METHODS Adult (3-6 months) and aged (22-26 months) male F344 rats were randomly assigned to different experimental infusion groups before undergoing trace fear conditioning and testing. In experiment 1, rats received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of either vehicle or AQ (4% w/v) 24 hr before trace fear conditioning. In experiment 2, rats received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of either vehicle or 4% AQ 1 hr before trace fear conditioning and 1 hr before testing. RESULTS Aged rats displayed impaired trace and context fear memory. While a single AQ infusion 24 hr before trace fear conditioning was insufficient to rescue age-related trace fear memory deficits, AQ infusion 1 hr before both conditioning and testing abolished age-related context fear memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intrahippocampal infusion of AQ may reverse aging-related deficits in hippocampus-dependent context fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Ehlers
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chad W Smies
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James R Moyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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14
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Farghali M, Ruga S, Morsanuto V, Uberti F. Can Brain Health Be Supported by Vitamin D-Based Supplements? A Critical Review. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090660. [PMID: 32972010 PMCID: PMC7563709 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents recent knowledge on the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D and their usefulness as oral supplementation when combined with other molecules, such as curcumin. A critical look at the effectiveness of vitamin D in this field is also provided. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in neuroprotection and in the cognitive decline associated with aging, where vitamin D’s levels are related to the levels of several neurotrophic factors. An important role of vitamin D has also been observed in the mechanism of neuroinflammation, which is the basis of several aging conditions, including cognitive decline and neurodegeration; furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of vitamin D in the cognitive decline of aging has recently been reported. For this reason, many food supplements created for humans contain vitamin D alone or combined with other molecules with antioxidant properties. However, recent studies also explored negative consequences of the use at a high dosage of vitamin D. Vitamin D in tissues or brain cells can also modulate calbindin-D28K, parvalbumin, and calretinin, and is involved in immune function, thanks also to the combination with curcumin. Curcumin acts as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. In particular, curcumin is a potent immune-regulatory agent and its administration has been reported to attenuate cognitive impairments. These effects could be exploited in the future to control the mechanisms that lead to the brain decay typical of neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Morishita M, Koiso R, Tsukahara S. Actions of Peripubertal Gonadal Steroids in the Formation of Sexually Dimorphic Brain Regions in Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5821543. [PMID: 32303738 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The calbindin-sexually dimorphic nucleus (CALB-SDN) and calbindin-principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (CALB-BNSTp) show male-biased sex differences in calbindin neuron number. The ventral part of the BNSTp (BNSTpv) exhibits female-biased sex differences in noncalbindin neuron number. We previously reported that prepubertal gonadectomy disrupts the masculinization of the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp and the feminization of the BNSTpv. This study aimed to determine the action mechanisms of testicular androgens on the masculinization of the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp and whether ovarian estrogens are the hormones that have significant actions in the feminization of the BNSTpv. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of calbindin and NeuN, a neuron marker, in male mice orchidectomized on postnatal day 20 (PD20) and treated with cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, or dihydrotestosterone during PD20-70, female mice ovariectomized on PD20 and treated with cholesterol or estradiol during PD20-70, and PD70 mice gonadectomized on PD56. Calbindin neurons number in the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp in males treated with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, was significantly larger than that in cholesterol-treated males. Noncalbindin neuron number in the BNSTpv in estradiol-treated females was significantly larger than that in cholesterol-treated females. Gonadectomy on PD56 had no significant effect on neuron numbers. Additionally, an immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of androgen receptors in the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp of PD30 males and estrogen receptors-α in the BNSTpv of PD30 females. These results suggest that peripubertal testicular androgens act to masculinize the CALB-SDN and CALB-BNSTp without aromatization, and peripubertal ovarian estrogens act to feminize the BNSTpv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morishita
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoma Koiso
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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16
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Hutson TH, Kathe C, Palmisano I, Bartholdi K, Hervera A, De Virgiliis F, McLachlan E, Zhou L, Kong G, Barraud Q, Danzi MC, Medrano-Fernandez A, Lopez-Atalaya JP, Boutillier AL, Sinha SH, Singh AK, Chaturbedy P, Moon LDF, Kundu TK, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Barco A, Courtine G, Di Giovanni S. Cbp-dependent histone acetylation mediates axon regeneration induced by environmental enrichment in rodent spinal cord injury models. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/487/eaaw2064. [PMID: 30971452 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After a spinal cord injury, axons fail to regenerate in the adult mammalian central nervous system, leading to permanent deficits in sensory and motor functions. Increasing neuronal activity after an injury using electrical stimulation or rehabilitation can enhance neuronal plasticity and result in some degree of recovery; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We found that placing mice in an enriched environment before an injury enhanced the activity of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons, leading to a lasting increase in their regenerative potential. This effect was dependent on Creb-binding protein (Cbp)-mediated histone acetylation, which increased the expression of genes associated with the regenerative program. Intraperitoneal delivery of a small-molecule activator of Cbp at clinically relevant times promoted regeneration and sprouting of sensory and motor axons, as well as recovery of sensory and motor functions in both the mouse and rat model of spinal cord injury. Our findings showed that the increased regenerative capacity induced by enhancing neuronal activity is mediated by epigenetic reprogramming in rodent models of spinal cord injury. Understanding the mechanisms underlying activity-dependent neuronal plasticity led to the identification of potential molecular targets for improving recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hutson
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Claudia Kathe
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Palmisano
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kay Bartholdi
- Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesco De Virgiliis
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eilidh McLachlan
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luming Zhou
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Guiping Kong
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matt C Danzi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Medrano-Fernandez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose P Lopez-Atalaya
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Anne L Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarmistha H Sinha
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Akash K Singh
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Piyush Chaturbedy
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, JNCASR, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - John L Bixby
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. .,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
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17
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Pagliaro AH, Arya P, Sharbaf Y, Gobes SMH. Hemispheric asymmetry of calbindin-positive neurons is associated with successful song imitation. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146679. [PMID: 31981678 PMCID: PMC7060817 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The plasticity that facilitates learning during critical (sensitive) periods in development is tightly regulated by inhibitory neurons. Song acquisition in birds is one example of a learning process that occurs during a sensitive period early in development. Sensory experience with a song 'tutor' during this sensitive period prunes excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the song production nucleus HVC (proper noun). Neurons in the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a secondary auditory region, lose their tutor song selectivity when gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling is blocked. Given the importance of inhibition in the song learning process, we investigated whether individual differences in learning outcomes can be explained by the distribution of specific populations of (mostly) inhibitory neurons in HVC and NCM. We measured the densities of distinct neuronal populations (defined by their expression of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin) in these two regions. We found that lateralization of calbindin-positive neurons was related to successful song learning: good learners were characterized by hemispheric asymmetry of calbindin-positive neurons in the medial NCM (fewer CB+ neurons in the left hemisphere), whereas poor learners did not show any asymmetry. In contrast, the density of all three neuronal populations in HVC did not differ between good and poor learners. These findings not only identify a specific (presumably) inhibitory cell type (calbindin-expressing neurons) that is related to song learning, but also emphasize the role of hemispheric asymmetry in auditory memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa H Pagliaro
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481-8203, United States
| | - Payal Arya
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481-8203, United States
| | - Yasmin Sharbaf
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481-8203, United States
| | - Sharon M H Gobes
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481-8203, United States.
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18
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Schachtschneider KM, Welge ME, Auvil LS, Chaki S, Rund LA, Madsen O, Elmore MR, Johnson RW, Groenen MA, Schook LB. Altered Hippocampal Epigenetic Regulation Underlying Reduced Cognitive Development in Response to Early Life Environmental Insults. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020162. [PMID: 32033187 PMCID: PMC7074491 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is involved in learning and memory and undergoes significant growth and maturation during the neonatal period. Environmental insults during this developmental timeframe can have lasting effects on brain structure and function. This study assessed hippocampal DNA methylation and gene transcription from two independent studies reporting reduced cognitive development stemming from early life environmental insults (iron deficiency and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) infection) using porcine biomedical models. In total, 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the reduced cognition and control groups, including genes involved in neurodevelopment and function. Gene ontology (GO) terms enriched for DEGs were associated with immune responses, angiogenesis, and cellular development. In addition, 116 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified, which overlapped 125 genes. While no GO terms were enriched for genes overlapping DMRs, many of these genes are known to be involved in neurodevelopment and function, angiogenesis, and immunity. The observed altered methylation and expression of genes involved in neurological function suggest reduced cognition in response to early life environmental insults is due to altered cholinergic signaling and calcium regulation. Finally, two DMRs overlapped with two DEGs, VWF and LRRC32, which are associated with blood brain barrier permeability and regulatory T-cell activation, respectively. These results support the role of altered hippocampal DNA methylation and gene expression in early life environmentally-induced reductions in cognitive development across independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Michael E. Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Loretta S. Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
| | - Sulalita Chaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Laurie A. Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands; (O.M.); (M.A.M.G.)
| | - Monica R.P. Elmore
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
| | - Martien A.M. Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands; (O.M.); (M.A.M.G.)
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; (M.E.W.); (L.S.A.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 616280, USA; (S.C.); (L.A.R.); (M.R.P.E.); (R.W.J.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Helios modulates the maturation of a CA1 neuronal subpopulation required for spatial memory formation. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113095. [PMID: 31712124 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, molecular, electrophysiological and structural studies delineate several neural subtypes in the hippocampus. However, the precise developmental mechanisms that lead to this diversity are still unknown. Here we show that alterations in a concrete hippocampal neuronal subpopulation during development specifically affect hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. We observed that the genetic deletion of the transcription factor Helios in mice, which is specifically expressed in developing hippocampal calbindin-positive CA1 pyramidal neurons (CB-CA1-PNs), induces adult alterations affecting spatial memory. In the same mice, CA3-CA1 synaptic plasticity and spine density and morphology in adult CB-CA1-PNs were severely compromised. RNAseq experiments in developing hippocampus identified an aberrant increase on the Visinin-like protein 1 (VSNL1) expression in the hippocampi devoid of Helios. This aberrant increase on VSNL1 levels was localized in the CB-CA1-PNs. Normalization of VSNL1 levels in CB-CA1-PNs devoid of Helios rescued their spine loss in vitro. Our study identifies a novel and specific developmental molecular pathway involved in the maturation and function of a CA1 pyramidal neuronal subtype.
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Tapia-González S, Insausti R, DeFelipe J. Differential expression of secretagogin immunostaining in the hippocampal formation and the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices of humans, rats, and mice. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:523-541. [PMID: 31512254 PMCID: PMC6972606 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a recently discovered calcium-binding protein belonging to the group of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. SCGN immunostaining has been described in various regions of the human, rat and mouse brain. In these studies, it has been reported that, in general, the patterns of SCGN staining differ between rodents and human brains. These differences have been interpreted as uncovering phylogenetic differences in SCGN expression. Nevertheless, an important aspect that is not usually taken into account is that different methods are used for obtaining and processing brain tissue coming from humans and experimental animals. This is a critical issue since it has been shown that post-mortem time delay and the method of fixation (i.e., perfused vs. nonperfused brains) may influence the results of the immunostaining. Thus, it is not clear whether differences found in comparative studies with the human brain are simply due to technical factors or species-specific differences. In the present study, we analyzed the pattern of SCGN immunostaining in the adult human hippocampal formation (DG, CA1, CA2, CA3, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum) as well as in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. This pattern of immunostaining was compared with rat and mouse that were fixed either by perfusion or immersion and with different post-mortem time delays (up to 5 hr) to mimic the way the human brain tissue is usually processed. We found a number of clear similarities and differences in the pattern of labeling among the human, rat, and mouse in these brain regions as well as between the different brain regions examined within each species. These differences were not due to the fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tapia-González
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Fairless R, Williams SK, Diem R. Calcium-Binding Proteins as Determinants of Central Nervous System Neuronal Vulnerability to Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092146. [PMID: 31052285 PMCID: PMC6539299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal subpopulations display differential vulnerabilities to disease, but the factors that determine their susceptibility are poorly understood. Toxic increases in intracellular calcium are a key factor in several neurodegenerative processes, with calcium-binding proteins providing an important first line of defense through their ability to buffer incoming calcium, allowing the neuron to quickly achieve homeostasis. Since neurons expressing different calcium-binding proteins have been reported to be differentially susceptible to degeneration, it can be hypothesized that rather than just serving as markers of different neuronal subpopulations, they might actually be a key determinant of survival. In this review, we will summarize some of the evidence that expression of the EF-hand calcium-binding proteins, calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin, may influence the susceptibility of distinct neuronal subpopulations to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Goffigan-Holmes J, Sanabria D, Diaz J, Flock D, Chavez-Valdez R. Calbindin-1 Expression in the Hippocampus following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia and Therapeutic Hypothermia and Deficits in Spatial Memory. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:1-15. [PMID: 30861522 PMCID: PMC6742590 DOI: 10.1159/000497056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal injury following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) leads to memory impairments despite therapeutic hypothermia (TH). In the hippocampus, the expression of calbindin-1 (Calb1), a Ca2+-buffering protein, increases during postnatal development and decreases with aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Since persistent Ca2+ dysregulation after HI may lead to ongoing injury, persistent changes in hippocampal expression of Calb1 may contribute to memory impairments after neonatal HI. We hypothesized that, despite TH, neonatal HI persistently decreases Calb1 expression in the hippocampus, a change associated with memory deficits in the mouse. We induced cerebral HI in C57BL6 mice at postnatal day 10 (P10) with right carotid ligation and 45 min of hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.08), followed by normothermia (36°C, NT) or TH (31°C) for 4 h with anesthesia-shams as controls. Nissl staining and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to grade brain injury and astrogliosis at P11, P18, and P40 prior to the assessment of Calb1 expression by IHC. The subset of mice followed to P40 also performed a memory behavior task (Y-maze) at P22-P26. Nonparametric statistics stratified by sex were applied. In both anterior and posterior coronal brain sections, hippocampal Calb1 expression doubled between P11 and P40 due to an increase in the cornus ammonis (CA) field (Kruskal-Wallis [KW] p < 0.001) and not the dentate gyrus (DG). Neonatal HI produced delayed (P18) and late (P40) deficits in the expression of Calb1 exclusively in the CA field (KW p = 0.02) in posterior brain sections. TH did not attenuate Calb1 deficits after HI. Thirty days after HI injury (at P40), GFAP scores in the hippocampus (p < 0.001, r = -0.47) and CA field (p < 0.001, r = -0.39) of posterior brain sections inversely correlated with their respective Calb1 expression. Both sexes demonstrated deficits in Y-maze testing, including approximately 40% lower spontaneous alterations performance and twice as much total impairment compared to sham mice (KW p < 0.001), but it was only in females that these deficits correlated with the Calb1 expression in the hippocampal CA field (p < 0.05) of the posterior sections. Hippocampal atrophy after neonatal HI also correlated with worse deficits in Y-maze testing, but it did not predict Calb1 deficits. Neonatal HI produces a long-lasting Calb1 deficit in the hippocampal CA field during development, which is not mitigated by TH. Late Calb1 deficit after HI may be the result of persistent astrogliosis and can lead to memory impairment, particularly in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janasha Goffigan-Holmes
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dafne Sanabria
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johana Diaz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra Flock
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raul Chavez-Valdez
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
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Cognition in Epilepsy: ΔFosB Takes Center Stage (and May Star in the Prologue). Epilepsy Curr 2018; 18:323-325. [PMID: 30464735 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7597.18.5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Kiyota T, Machhi J, Lu Y, Dyavarshetty B, Nemati M, Yokoyama I, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 319:80-92. [PMID: 29573847 PMCID: PMC5916331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on behavioral and pathological outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-transgenic mice. GM-CSF treatment in AD mice reduced brain amyloidosis, increased plasma Aβ, and rescued cognitive impairment with increased hippocampal expression of calbindin and synaptophysin and increased levels of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. These data extend GM-CSF pleiotropic neuroprotection mechanisms in AD and include regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation of microglial function, Aβ clearance, maintenance of synaptic integrity, and induction of neurogenesis. Together these data support further development of GM-CSF as a neuroprotective agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kiyota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Dyavarshetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Izumi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R L Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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25
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Suppressed Calbindin Levels in Hippocampal Excitatory Neurons Mediate Stress-Induced Memory Loss. Cell Rep 2018; 21:891-900. [PMID: 29069596 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calbindin modulates intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and synaptic plasticity. Reduction of hippocampal calbindin levels has been implicated in early-life stress-related cognitive disorders, but it remains unclear how calbindin in distinct populations of hippocampal neurons contributes to stress-induced memory loss. Here we report that early-life stress suppressed calbindin levels in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons, and calbindin knockdown in adult CA1 or DG excitatory neurons mimicked early-life stress-induced memory loss. In contrast, calbindin knockdown in CA1 interneurons preserved long-term memory even after an acute stress challenge. These results indicate that the dysregulation of calbindin in hippocampal excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurons conveys susceptibility to stress-induced memory deficits. Moreover, calbindin levels were downregulated by early-life stress through the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1-nectin3 pathway, which in turn reduced inositol monophosphatase levels. Our findings highlight calbindin as a molecular target of early-life stress and an essential substrate for memory.
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26
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Xu H, Ye Y, Hao Y, Shi F, Yan Z, Yuan G, Yang Y, Fei Z, He X. Sex differences in associations between maternal deprivation and alterations in hippocampal calcium-binding proteins and cognitive functions in rats. Behav Brain Funct 2018; 14:10. [PMID: 29759084 PMCID: PMC5952636 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-018-0142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Adverse early-life experiences have been suggested as one of the key contributors to neurodevelopmental disorders, such that these experiences influence brain development, cognitive ability and mental health. Previous studies indicated that hippocampal levels of the calcium-binding proteins calretinin (CALR) and calbindin-D28k (CALB) changed in response to maternal deprivation (MD), a model for adverse early-life experiences. We investigated the effects of MD on hippocampal CALR and CALB protein levels and cognitive behaviors, and explored whether these effects were sex-related. Methods From postnatal day 2 (PND-2) to PND-14, rat pups in the MD group were separated from their mothers for 3 h/day for comparison with pups raised normally (control). To determine hippocampal CALR and CALB levels, fluorescent immunostaining of hippocampal sections and Western blot analysis of hippocampal tissues were employed at various timepoints (PND-21, -25, -30, -35 and -40). Behavioral and cognitive changes were determined by open field test (PND-21) and Morris water maze (PND-25). Results Western blot analysis showed changes in the hippocampal CALR and CALB levels in both male and female MD groups, compared with controls. The open field test showed reduced exploration only in male MD groups but not female MD groups. The Morris water maze tests indicated that MD caused spatial memory impairment both in male and female rats, but there was a sex difference in CALR and CALB levels. Conclusions Male rats are relatively more vulnerable to MD stress than female rats, but both male and female rats demonstrate spatial learning impairment after exposure to MD stress. Sex difference in CALR and CALB levels may reveal the different mechanisms behind the behavioral observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yelu Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Faculty of Space and Aviation, Fourth Military Medicine University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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27
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Soltesz I, Losonczy A. CA1 pyramidal cell diversity enabling parallel information processing in the hippocampus. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:484-493. [PMID: 29593317 PMCID: PMC5909691 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal network operations supporting spatial navigation and declarative memory are traditionally interpreted in a framework where each hippocampal area, such as the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1, consists of homogeneous populations of functionally equivalent principal neurons. However, heterogeneity within hippocampal principal cell populations, in particular within pyramidal cells at the main CA1 output node, is increasingly recognized and includes developmental, molecular, anatomical, and functional differences. Here we review recent progress in the delineation of hippocampal principal cell subpopulations by focusing on radially defined subpopulations of CA1 pyramidal cells, and we consider how functional segregation of information streams, in parallel channels with nonuniform properties, could represent a general organizational principle of the hippocampus supporting diverse behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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28
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Curcuminoid submicron particle ameliorates cognitive deficits and decreases amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29535835 PMCID: PMC5828200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and is triggered via abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Aggregated Aβ is responsible for disrupting calcium homeostasis, inducing neuroinflammation, and promoting neurodegeneration. In this study, we generated curcuminoid submicron particle (CSP), which reduce the average size to ~60 nm in diameter. CSP had elevated the bioavailability in vivo and better neuroprotective effect against oligomeric Aβ than un-nanosized curcuminoids in vitro. Two months of CSP consumption reversed spatial memory deficits and the loss of a calcium binding protein calbindin-D28k in the hippocampus of AD mouse model. In addition, CSP consumption lowered amyloid plaques and astrogliosis in vivo and enhanced microglial Aβ phagocytosis in vitro, implying that the beneficial effects of CSP also mediated via modulating neuroinflammation and enhancing amyloid clearance. Taken together, our study demonstrated the protective effects of CSP toward ameliorating the memory impairment and pathological deficits in AD mouse model.
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29
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Epigenetic suppression of hippocampal calbindin-D28k by ΔFosB drives seizure-related cognitive deficits. Nat Med 2017; 23:1377-1383. [PMID: 29035369 PMCID: PMC5747956 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k is critical for hippocampal function and cognition1-3, but its expression is markedly decreased in various neurological disorders associated with epileptiform activity and seizures4-7. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy, both of which are accompanied by recurrent seizures8, the severity of cognitive deficits reflects the degree of calbindin reduction in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)4,9,10. However, despite the importance of calbindin in both neuronal physiology and pathology, the regulatory mechanisms that control its expression in the hippocampus are poorly understood. Here we report an epigenetic mechanism by which seizures chronically suppress hippocampal calbindin expression and impair cognition. We demonstrate that ΔFosB, a highly stable transcription factor, is induced in the hippocampus of mouse models of AD and seizures, where it binds and triggers histone deacetylation at the calbindin gene (Calb1) promoter, and downregulates Calb1 transcription. Notably, increasing DG calbindin levels, either by direct virus-mediated expression or inhibition of ΔFosB signaling, improves spatial memory in a mouse model of AD. Moreover, levels of ΔFosB and calbindin expression are inversely related in DG of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) or AD, and correlate with performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We propose that chronic suppression of calbindin by ΔFosB is one mechanism by which intermittent seizures drive persistent cognitive deficits in conditions accompanied by recurrent seizures.
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30
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Stroobants S, Damme M, Van der Jeugd A, Vermaercke B, Andersson C, Fogh J, Saftig P, Blanz J, D'Hooge R. Long-term enzyme replacement therapy improves neurocognitive functioning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in immune-tolerant alpha-mannosidosis mice. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:255-268. [PMID: 28720484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-mannosidosis is a glycoproteinosis caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase (LAMAN), which markedly affects neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), and causes pathognomonic intellectual dysfunction in the clinical condition. Cognitive improvement consequently remains a major therapeutic objective in research on this devastating genetic error. Immune-tolerant LAMAN knockout mice were developed to evaluate the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) by prolonged administration of recombinant human enzyme. Biochemical evidence suggested that hippocampus may be one of the brain structures that benefits most from long-term ERT. In the present functional study, ERT was initiated in 2-month-old immune-tolerant alpha-mannosidosis mice and continued for 9months. During the course of treatment, mice were trained in the Morris water maze task to assess spatial-cognitive performance, which was related to synaptic plasticity recordings and hippocampal histopathology. Long-term ERT reduced primary substrate storage and neuroinflammation in hippocampus, and improved spatial learning after mid-term (10weeks+) and long-term (30weeks+) treatment. Long-term treatment substantially improved the spatial-cognitive abilities of alpha-mannosidosis mice, whereas the effects of mid-term treatment were more modest. Detailed analyses of spatial memory and spatial-cognitive performance indicated that even prolonged ERT did not restore higher cognitive abilities to the level of healthy mice. However, it did demonstrate marked therapeutic effects that coincided with increased synaptic connectivity, reflected by improvements in hippocampal CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP), expression of postsynaptic marker PSD-95 as well as postsynaptic density morphology. These experiments indicate that long-term ERT may hold promise, not only for the somatic defects of alpha-mannosidosis, but also to alleviate cognitive impairments of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Stroobants
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ben Vermaercke
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Jens Fogh
- Zymenex A/S, Roskildevej 12C, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Judith Blanz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Żakowski W. Neurochemistry of the Anterior Thalamic Nuclei. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5248-5263. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Harris EP, Abel JM, Tejada LD, Rissman EF. Calbindin Knockout Alters Sex-Specific Regulation of Behavior and Gene Expression in Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1967-79. [PMID: 27010449 PMCID: PMC4870870 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calbindin-D(28K) (Calb1), a high-affinity calcium buffer/sensor, shows abundant expression in neurons and has been associated with a number of neurobehavioral diseases, many of which are sexually dimorphic in incidence. Behavioral and physiological end points are affected by experimental manipulations of calbindin levels, including disruption of spatial learning, hippocampal long-term potentiation, and circadian rhythms. In this study, we investigated novel aspects of calbindin function on social behavior, anxiety-like behavior, and fear conditioning in adult mice of both sexes by comparing wild-type to littermate Calb1 KO mice. Because Calb1 mRNA and protein are sexually dimorphic in some areas of the brain, we hypothesized that sex differences in behavioral responses of these behaviors would be eliminated or revealed in Calb1 KO mice. We also examined gene expression in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, two areas of the brain intimately connected with limbic system control of the behaviors tested, in response to sex and genotype. Our results demonstrate that fear memory and social behavior are altered in male knockout mice, and Calb1 KO mice of both sexes show less anxiety. Moreover, gene expression studies of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex revealed several significant genotype and sex effects in genes related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, hormone receptors, histone deacetylases, and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling. Our findings are the first to directly link calbindin with affective and social behaviors in rodents; moreover, the results suggest that sex differences in calbindin protein influence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Harris
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (E.P.H., L.D.T.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (J.M.A., E.F.R.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Jean M Abel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (E.P.H., L.D.T.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (J.M.A., E.F.R.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Lucia D Tejada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (E.P.H., L.D.T.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (J.M.A., E.F.R.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Emilie F Rissman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program (E.P.H., L.D.T.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (J.M.A., E.F.R.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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33
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Flores-Cuadrado A, Ubeda-Bañon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, de la Rosa-Prieto C, Martinez-Marcos A. Hippocampal α-synuclein and interneurons in Parkinson's disease: Data from human and mouse models. Mov Disord 2016; 31:979-88. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Bañon
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
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Kiyota T, Morrison CM, Tu G, Dyavarshetty B, Weir RA, Zhang G, Xiong H, Gendelman HE. Presenilin-1 familial Alzheimer's disease mutation alters hippocampal neurogenesis and memory function in CCL2 null mice. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:311-21. [PMID: 26112421 PMCID: PMC4567522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with learning and memory, synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the linkage between them, β-amyloidosis and neuroinflammation is not well understood. To this end, we generated a mouse overexpressing familial AD (FAD) mutant human presenilin-1 (PS1) crossed with a knockout (KO) of the CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) gene. The PS1/CCL2KO mice developed robust age-dependent deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis associated with impairments in learning and memory, synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. Neurogliogenesis gene profiling supported β-amyloid independent pathways for FAD-associated deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis. We conclude that these PS1/CCL2KO mice are suitable for studies linking host genetics, immunity and hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kiyota
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Christine M Morrison
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Guihua Tu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Dyavarshetty
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Robert A Weir
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gang Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Vulnerability of calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin in a transgenic/knock-in APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer disease together with disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis. Exp Gerontol 2015; 69:176-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dillingham CM, Holmes JD, Wright NF, Erichsen JT, Aggleton JP, Vann SD. Calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity in Gudden's tegmental nuclei and the hippocampal formation: differential co-localization in neurons projecting to the mammillary bodies. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:103. [PMID: 26300741 PMCID: PMC4523888 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal projections to the mammillary bodies arise from just two sites, Gudden’s tegmental nuclei (dorsal and ventral nuclei) and the hippocampal formation (subiculum and pre/postsubiculum). The present study sought to compare the neurochemical properties of these mammillary body inputs in the rat, with a focus on calcium-binding proteins. Neuronal calretinin (CR) immunoreactivity was sparse in Gudden’s tegmental nuclei and showed no co-localization with neurons projecting to the mammillary bodies. In contrast, many of the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden cell that project to the mammillary bodies were parvalbumin (PV)-positive whereas a smaller number of mammillary inputs stained for calbindin (CB). Only a few mammillary body projection cells in the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden co-localized with PV and none co-localized with CB. A very different pattern was found in the hippocampal formation. Here, a large proportion of postsubiculum cells that project to the mammillary bodies co-localized with CR, but not CB or PV. While many neurons in the dorsal and ventral subiculum projected to the mammillary bodies, these cells did not co-localize with the immunofluorescence of any of the three tested proteins. These findings highlight marked differences between hippocampal and tegmental inputs to the rat mammillary bodies as well as differences between the medial and lateral mammillary systems. These findings also indicate some conserved neurochemical properties in Gudden’s tegmental nuclei across rodents and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dillingham
- Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK ; Visual Neuroscience and Molecular Biology, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua D Holmes
- Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas F Wright
- Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan T Erichsen
- Visual Neuroscience and Molecular Biology, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
| | - Seralynne D Vann
- Behavioural Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Cardiff University Cardiff, UK
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Chung TH, Choi HS, Lee CH. Change of calbindin D-28k protein expression in the mice hippocampus after lipopolysaccharide treatment. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:349-52. [PMID: 25428702 PMCID: PMC4383784 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed that 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment did not lead to
the any neuronal death/degeneration in the mouse hippocampus. In the present study, we
examined the time-dependent changes of calbindin D-28k (CB) protein expression in the
mouse hippocampus after a systemic administration of 1 mg/kg LPS. CB immunoreactivity was
markedly increased in pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1/2 regions and in granule
cells of the dentate gyrus from 3 hr to 48 hr after LPS treatment. At this point in time,
CB protein level was also significantly increased in the mouse hippocampus. Thereafter, CB
protein expression was decreased at 96 hr after LPS treatment. These results indicate that
changes of CB protein expression may be associated with no neuronal death in the model of
neuroinflammation with systemic administration of 1 mg/kg LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Chung
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Joongbu University, Chungnam 312-702, South Korea
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Arszovszki A, Borhegyi Z, Klausberger T. Three axonal projection routes of individual pyramidal cells in the ventral CA1 hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:53. [PMID: 25009471 PMCID: PMC4069485 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal cells of the ventral hippocampal CA1 area have numerous and diverse distant projections to other brain regions including the temporal and parietal association areas, visual, auditory, olfactory, somatosensory, gustatory, and visceral areas, and inputs to the amygdalar and prefrontal-orbital-agranular insular region. In addition, their differential expression of proteins like calbindin provides further indications for cellular diversity. This raises the possibility that the pyramidal cells may form subpopulations participating in different brain circuitries. To address this hypothesis we applied the juxtacellular labeling technique to fill individual pyramidal cells in the ventral hippocampus with neurobiotin in urethane anesthetized rats. For each labeled pyramidal cell we determined soma location, dendritic arborizations and selective expression of calbindin and norbin. Reconstruction and mapping of long-range axonal projections were made with the Neurolucida system. We found three major routes of ventral CA1 pyramidal cell projections. The classical pathway run caudo-ventrally across and innervating the subiculum, further to the parahippocampal regions and then to the deep and superficial layers of entorhinal cortex. The other two pathways avoided subiculum by branching from the main axon close to the soma and either traveled antero- and caudo-ventrally to amygdaloid complex, amygdalopiriform-transition area and parahippocampal regions or run antero-dorsally through the fimbria-fornix to the septum, hypothalamus, ventral striatum and olfactory regions. We found that most pyramidal cells investigated used all three major routes to send projecting axons to other brain areas. Our results suggest that the information flow through the ventral hippocampus is distributed by wide axonal projections from the CA1 area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antónia Arszovszki
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Borhegyi
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Klausberger
- Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Neuropharmacology, Oxford University Oxford, UK
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Kook SY, Jeong H, Kang MJ, Park R, Shin HJ, Han SH, Son SM, Song H, Baik SH, Moon M, Yi EC, Hwang D, Mook-Jung I. Crucial role of calbindin-D28k in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1575-87. [PMID: 24853300 PMCID: PMC4158683 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calbindin-D28k (CB), one of the major calcium-binding and buffering proteins, has a critical role in preventing a neuronal death as well as maintaining calcium homeostasis. Although marked reductions of CB expression have been observed in the brains of mice and humans with Alzheimer disease (AD), it is unknown whether these changes contribute to AD-related dysfunction. To determine the pathogenic importance of CB depletions in AD models, we crossed 5 familial AD mutations (5XFAD; Tg) mice with CB knock-out (CBKO) mice and generated a novel line CBKO·5XFAD (CBKOTg) mice. We first identified the change of signaling pathways and differentially expressed proteins globally by removing CB in Tg mice using mass spectrometry and antibody microarray. Immunohistochemistry showed that CBKOTg mice had significant neuronal loss in the subiculum area without changing the magnitude (number) of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques deposition and elicited significant apoptotic features and mitochondrial dysfunction compared with Tg mice. Moreover, CBKOTg mice reduced levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 1/2 and cAMP response element-binding protein at Ser-133 and synaptic molecules such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDA receptor 1), NMDA receptor 2A, PSD-95 and synaptophysin in the subiculum compared with Tg mice. Importantly, this is the first experimental evidence that removal of CB from amyloid precursor protein/presenilin transgenic mice aggravates AD pathogenesis, suggesting that CB has a critical role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Kook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Jeong
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
| | - M J Kang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - R Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Baik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Moon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Mclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - E C Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Hwang
- 1] School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea [2] Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - I Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rivera P, Arrabal S, Vargas A, Blanco E, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:12. [PMID: 24672435 PMCID: PMC3955776 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmithylethanolamide (PEA) are known to be endogenous ligands of PPARα receptors, and their presence requires the activation of a specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) associated with intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Thus, the identification of a specific population of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) may provide a neuroanatomical basis to better understand the PPARα system in the brain. For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the co-existence of NAPE-PLD/PPARα and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. PPARα expression was specifically localized in the cell nucleus and, occasionally, in the cytoplasm of the principal cells (dentate granular and CA pyramidal cells) and some non-principal cells of the hippocampus. PPARα was expressed in the calbindin-containing cells of the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the SP of CA1. These principal PPARα+/calbindin+ cells were closely surrounded by NAPE-PLD+ fiber varicosities. No pyramidal PPARα+/calbindin+ cells were detected in CA3. Most cells containing parvalbumin expressed both NAPE-PLD and PPARα in the principal layers of the DG and CA1/3. A small number of cells containing PPARα and calretinin was found along the hippocampus. Scattered NAPE-PLD+/calretinin+ cells were specifically detected in CA3. NAPE-PLD+ puncta surrounded the calretinin+ cells localized in the principal cells of the DG and CA1. The identification of the hippocampal subpopulations of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the role of NAEs/PPARα-signaling system in the regulation of hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicologia, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat de Lleida Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
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Xu JH, Yang ZB, Wang H, Tang FR. Co-localization of L-type voltage dependent calcium channel alpha 1D subunit (Ca(v)1.3) and calbindin (CB) in the mouse central nervous system. Neurosci Lett 2014; 561:80-5. [PMID: 24394909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous study has shown that the co-localization of calbindin (CB) with L-type voltage dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) alpha 1C subunit (Ca(v)1.2) in the rat insulinoma 1046-38 (RIN) beta cells may play an important regulatory role in Ca(2+) influx and exocytosis of insulin granules. In the present study, L-type voltage dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) and calbindin (CB) were demonstrated in different regions of the mouse central nervous system (CNS). Double labeling immunofluorescence staining showed a co-localization of Ca(v)1.3 and CB. The co-localization of Ca(v)1.3 and CB in certain brain regions such as the hippocampus suggests their important roles in neuroplasticity. The relative high percentages of co-localization of Ca(v)1.3 with CB in the laminae II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord indicate that the regulation mechanism of nociceptive transmission may be related with both VDCC and Ca(2+) binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hua Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Bang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 71900, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China; Center for Human Assisted Reproduction, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ru Tang
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Medical School of Yangtze University, People's Republic of China.
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Żakowski W, Równiak M, Robak A. Colocalization pattern of calbindin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the mammillary body-anterior thalamic nuclei axis of the guinea pig. Neuroscience 2013; 260:98-105. [PMID: 24342567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study describes for the first time the colocalization pattern of calbindin (CB) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the mammillary body (MB) and anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) - structures connected in a topographically organized manner by the mammillothalamic tract (mtt). Immunohistochemical study was performed on fetal (E40, E50, E60), newborn (P0) and postnatal (P20, P80) brains of the guinea pig, but the coexistence pattern of the substances was invariable throughout the examined developmental stages. CB and CART colocalized in the perikarya of the lateral part of the medial mammillary nucleus (MMl), whereas in its medial part (MMm) only CB was detected. In the mtt, which originates from the MB, both the substances were present and colocalized in single fibers. Next, fibers from the mtt spread toward the ATN in a particular way: fibers containing CB ran to both the anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AM) and anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AV), while fibers containing CART ran mostly to the latter one. In the ventral part of AV, CB and CART colocalized vastly in the neuropil. The lateral mammillary nucleus and anterodorsal thalamic nucleus were virtually devoid of CB- and CART-positive structures. Based on the known connections between the MB and ATN, we conclude that the studied substances may cooperate in the MMl-AV part of the axis and CB plays a significant role in the MMm-AM part.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Żakowski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - M Równiak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A Robak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Sodium channel cleavage is associated with aberrant neuronal activity and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7020-6. [PMID: 23595759 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2325-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme that cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) to produce the amyloid β peptides that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1, which is elevated in AD patients and APP transgenic mice, also cleaves the β2-subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels (Navβ2). Although increased BACE1 levels are associated with Navβ2 cleavage in AD patients, whether Navβ2 cleavage occurs in APP mice had not yet been examined. Such a finding would be of interest because of its potential impact on neuronal activity: previous studies demonstrated that BACE1-overexpressing mice exhibit excessive cleavage of Navβ2 and reduced sodium current density, but the phenotype associated with loss of function mutations in either Navβ-subunits or pore-forming α-subunits is epilepsy. Because mounting evidence suggests that epileptiform activity may play an important role in the development of AD-related cognitive deficits, we examined whether enhanced cleavage of Navβ2 occurs in APP transgenic mice, and whether it is associated with aberrant neuronal activity and cognitive deficits. We found increased levels of BACE1 expression and Navβ2 cleavage fragments in cortical lysates from APP transgenic mice, as well as associated alterations in Nav1.1α expression and localization. Both pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons exhibited evidence of increased Navβ2 cleavage. Moreover, the magnitude of alterations in sodium channel subunits was associated with aberrant EEG activity and impairments in the Morris water maze. Together, these results suggest that altered processing of voltage-gated sodium channels may contribute to aberrant neuronal activity and cognitive deficits in AD.
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Yi SS. Time-dependent changes of calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:373-80. [PMID: 23628656 PMCID: PMC3885729 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is affected by various stimuli that include hyperglycemia, depression, and ischemia. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) have protective roles in the response to such stimuli. However, little is known about the expression of CaBPs under diabetic conditions. This study was conducted to examine alterations in the physiological parameters with type 1 diabetes induced with streptozotocin (STZ) as well as time-dependent changes in the expression of two CaBPs changes of were being evaluated. Rats treated with STZ (70 mg/kg) had high blood glucose levels (>21.4 mmol/L) along with increased food intake and water consumption volumes compared to the sham controls. In contrast, body weight of the animals treated with STZ was significantly reduced compared to the sham group. CB-specific immunoreactivity was generally increased in the hippocampal CA1 region and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) 2 weeks after STZ treatment, but decreased thereafter in these regions. In contrast, the number of PV-immunoreactive neurons and fibers was unchanged in the hippocampus and DG 2 weeks after STZ treatment. However, this number subsequently decreased over time. These results suggest that CB and PV expression is lowest 3 weeks after STZ administration, and these deficits lead to disturbances in calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Korea.
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Lee YJ, Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Lee JC, Lee HY, Kim YM, Won MH, Cho JH. Differences of calcium binding proteins immunoreactivities in the young hippocampal CA1 region from the adult following transient ischemic damage. J Neurol Sci 2013; 326:40-7. [PMID: 23357314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the young were much more resistant to transient cerebral ischemia than in the adult. In the present study, we examined that about 90% of CA1 pyramidal cells in the adult gerbil hippocampus died at 4days after ischemia-reperfusion; however, in the young hippocampus, about 56% of them died at 7days after ischemia-reperfusion. We compared immunoreactivities and levels of calcium binding proteins (CBPs), such as calbindin 28k (CB-D28k), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV). The immunoreactivities and protein levels of all the CBPs in the young sham were higher than those in the adult sham. In the adult, the immunoreactivities and protein levels of all the CBPs were markedly decreased at 4days after ischemia-reperfusion, however, in the young, they were apparently maintained. At 7days after ischemia-reperfusion, they were decreased in the young, however, they were much higher than those in the adult. In brief, the immunoreactivities and levels of CBPs were not decreased in the ischemic CA1 region of the young 4days after transient cerebral ischemia. This finding indicates that the longer maintenance of CBPs may contribute to a less and more delayed neuronal death/damage in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Sooncheonhyang University, Seoul, 140-743 South Korea
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Ogawa A, Yamazaki Y, Nakamori M, Takahashi T, Kurashige T, Hiji M, Nagano Y, Yamawaki T, Matsumoto M. Characterization and distribution of adaptor protein containing a PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif (APPL1) in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus: an immunohistochemical study. Brain Res 2012; 1494:118-24. [PMID: 23246927 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein containing a PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif (APPL1) is emerging as a critical regulator of various cellular processes in non-neuronal cells as well as in neurons where it localizes to dendritic spines and synapses. It regulates the development of these structures in hippocampal neurons. Although memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been attributed to disruption of synaptic plasticity, there is scant information on this protein in the human brain. In the present study, we immunohistochemically characterized the localization of APPL1 in AD and control brains. APPL1 accumulated perisomatically as granules around neurons within vulnerable sectors of the hippocampus (CA1 and subiculum) in AD brain, whilst APPL1-positive granules were rarely identified in control brains derived from elderly individuals with no known cognitive impairment. Interestingly, in the AD hippocampus, APPL1 also co-localized with perisomatic granules (non-plaque dystrophic dendrites) expressing glutamate receptor 2 and ubiquitin, suggesting the possible involvement of APPL1 in the synaptic modifications in AD. Thus, the immunohistochemical distribution of APPL1 in AD brain was distinct from that in non-AD control brains, suggesting that signaling via APPL1 might play a critical role in the memory impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Abel JL, Rissman EF. Running-induced epigenetic and gene expression changes in the adolescent brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23178748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is associated with positive neural functioning. Here we examined the gene expression consequences of 1 week of voluntary wheel running in adolescent male mice. We assayed expression levels of genes associated with synaptic plasticity, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifying enzymes. Two regions were examined: the hippocampus, which is typically examined in exercise studies, and the cerebellum, an area directly involved in motor control and learning. After 1 week of exercise, global acetylation of histone 3 was increased in both brain regions. Interestingly this was correlated with increased brain derived neural growth factor in the hippocampus, as noted in many other studies, but only a trend was found in cerebellum. Differences and similarities between the two areas were noted for genes encoding functional proteins. In contrast, the expression pattern of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and histone deacetylases (Hdacs), genes that influence DNA methylation and histone modifications in general, decreased in both regions with exercise. We hypothesize that epigenetic mechanisms, involving many of the genes assessed here, are essential for the positive affects of exercise on behavior and suspect these data have relevance for adolescent boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean LeBeau Abel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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Karádi K, Janszky J, Gyimesi C, Horváth Z, Lucza T, Dóczi T, Kállai J, Abrahám H. Correlation between calbindin expression in granule cells of the resected hippocampal dentate gyrus and verbal memory in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:110-9. [PMID: 22796338 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calbindin expression of granule cells of the dentate gyrus is decreased in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) regardless of its etiology. In this study, we examined the relation between reduction of calbindin immunoreactivity and the verbal and visuo-spatial memory function of patients with TLE of different etiologies. Significant linear correlation was shown between calbindin expression and short-term and long-term percent retention and retroactive interference in auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) of patients including those with hippocampal sclerosis. In addition, we found significant linear regression between calbindin expression and short-term and long-term percent retention of AVLT in patients whose epilepsy was caused by malformation of cortical development or tumor and when no hippocampal sclerosis and substantial neuronal loss were detected. Together with the role of calbindin in memory established in previous studies on calbindin knock-out mice, our results suggest that reduction of calbindin expression may contribute to memory impairments of patients with TLE, particularly, when neuronal loss is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kázmér Karádi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12., Pécs 7624, Hungary
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Abstract
Sex differences in many behaviors such as cognition, mood, and motor skills are well-documented in animals and humans and are regulated by many neural circuits. Sexual dimorphisms within cell populations in these circuits play critical roles in the production of these behavioral dichotomies. Here we focus on three proteins that have well described sexual dimorphisms; calbindin-D28k, a calcium binding protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme involved in dopamine synthesis and vasopressin, a neuropeptide with central and peripheral sites of action. We describe the sex differences in subpopulations of these proteins, with particular emphasis on laboratory mice. Our thrust is to examine genetic bases of sex differences and how the use of genetically modified models has advanced our understanding of this topic. Regional sex differences in the expression of these three proteins are driven by sex chromosome complement, steroid receptors or in some instances both. While studies of sex differences attributable to sex chromosome genes are still few in number it is exciting to note that this variable factors into expression differences for all three of these proteins. Different genetic mechanisms, which elaborate sex differences, may be employed stochastically in different cell populations. Alternately, general patterns involving the timing of differentiation of the sex differences, relative to the "critical period" in hormonal differences between males and female neonates may emerge. In conclusion, future directions in this area should include examination of the importance of location, timing, steroidal receptor/sex chromosome gene synergy and epigenetics in molding neural sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean LeBeau Abel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800733, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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The use of transgenic mouse models to reveal the functions of Ca2+ buffer proteins in excitable cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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