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Zimin A, Zimin SV, Grismer LL, Bauer AM, Chapple DG, Dembitzer J, Roll U, Meiri S. Microhabitat and adhesive toepads shape gecko limb morphology. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39086179 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Different substrates pose varied biomechanical challenges that select specific morphologies, such as long limbs for faster running and short limbs for balanced posture while climbing narrow substrates. We tested how gecko locomotion is affected by the microhabitat they occupy and by a key adaptation-adhesive toepads-through analyzing how those are related to limb morphology. We collected microhabitat and toepads data for over 90% of limbed gecko species, and limb measurements for 403 species from 83 of the 121 limbed gecko genera, which we then used in phylogenetic comparative analyses. Our data highlight the association of adhesive toepads with arboreality, but a phylogenetic analysis shows that this relationship is not significant, suggesting that these traits are phylogenetically constrained. Comparative analyses reveal that pad-bearing species possess shorter hindlimbs and feet, more even limb lengths, and lower crus: thigh ratios, than padless geckos, across microhabitats. Saxicolous geckos have the longest limbs and limb segments. This is probably influenced by selection for long strides, increased takeoff velocity, and static stability on inclined surfaces. Terrestrial geckos have more even hind- and forelimbs than arboreal geckos, unlike patterns found in other lizards. Our findings underline the difficulty to infer on microhabitat-morphology relationships from one taxon to another, given their differing ecologies and evolutionary pathways. We emphasize the importance of key innovation traits, such as adhesive toepads, in shaping limb morphology in geckos and, accordingly, their locomotion within their immediate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zimin
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sean V Zimin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacob Dembitzer
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Life on a beach leads to phenotypic divergence despite gene flow for an island lizard. Commun Biol 2023; 6:141. [PMID: 36732444 PMCID: PMC9895042 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited spatial separation within small islands suggests that observed population divergence may occur due to habitat differences without interruption to gene flow but strong evidence of this is scarce. The wall lizard Teira dugesii lives in starkly contrasting shingle beach and inland habitats on the island of Madeira. We used a matched pairs sampling design to examine morphological and genomic divergence between four beach and adjacent (<1 km) inland areas. Beach populations are significantly darker than corresponding inland populations. Geometric morphometric analyses reveal divergence in head morphology: beach lizards have generally wider snouts. Genotyping-by-sequencing allows the rejection of the hypothesis that beach populations form a distinct lineage. Bayesian analyses provide strong support for models that incorporate gene flow, relative to those that do not, replicated at all pairs of matched sites. Madeiran lizards show morphological divergence between habitats in the face of gene flow, revealing how divergence may originate within small islands.
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Maia-Carneiro T, Rocha CFD. Diverging structures, perch heights, temperatures, and levels of sunlight of spatial niche dimensions ease the syntopic life of Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae). J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2024905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Maia-Carneiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados/Vertebrate Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecologia/Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados/Vertebrate Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecologia/Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Aguado S, Clusella-Trullas S. Intra-specific variation of thermal performance, skin reflectance and body size partially co-vary with climate in a lizard. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal adaptation theory posits that variation of thermal traits such as those affecting thermal budgets and the performance of ectotherms should be associated with climate gradients. Under a simple scenario, thermal traits should also co-vary to shape optimal thermal phenotypes under a particular climate. However, geographical variation and covariation of thermal traits can result from other sources of selection and a wide range of other mechanisms. Here, we explore variation and covariation of skin reflectance (melanization), body size and thermal performance traits among three populations of the lizard Cordylus cordylus, a species endemic to South Africa. We also examine relationships between skin reflectance and substrate reflectance, body size and crevice size to test alternative hypotheses. We found partial support for predictions of thermal adaptation to climate regimes for body size, melanization and chill-coma recovery time. Darker lizards also performed optimally at higher temperatures than lighter coloured lizards but there was limited individual covariation between morphological and performance traits. Despite partial support for thermal adaptation, the complex interactions between sex and body size and between substrate reflectance and size underlying skin reflectance emphasized the importance of testing multiple hypotheses when exploring drivers of thermal trait variation within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aguado
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), Oviedo, Spain
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5
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Abad-Franch F, Monteiro FA, Pavan MG, Patterson JS, Bargues MD, Zuriaga MÁ, Aguilar M, Beard CB, Mas-Coma S, Miles MA. Under pressure: phenotypic divergence and convergence associated with microhabitat adaptations in Triatominae. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:195. [PMID: 33832518 PMCID: PMC8034103 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomine bugs, the vectors of Chagas disease, associate with vertebrate hosts in highly diverse ecotopes. It has been proposed that occupation of new microhabitats may trigger selection for distinct phenotypic variants in these blood-sucking bugs. Although understanding phenotypic variation is key to the study of adaptive evolution and central to phenotype-based taxonomy, the drivers of phenotypic change and diversity in triatomines remain poorly understood. Methods/results We combined a detailed phenotypic appraisal (including morphology and morphometrics) with mitochondrial cytb and nuclear ITS2 DNA sequence analyses to study Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations from across the species’ range. We found three major, naked-eye phenotypic variants. Southern-Andean bugs primarily from vertebrate-nest microhabitats (Ecuador/Peru) are typical, light-colored, small bugs with short heads/wings. Northern-Andean bugs from wet-forest palms (Ecuador) are dark, large bugs with long heads/wings. Finally, northern-lowland bugs primarily from dry-forest palms (Ecuador) are light-colored and medium-sized. Wing and (size-free) head shapes are similar across Ecuadorian populations, regardless of habitat or phenotype, but distinct in Peruvian bugs. Bayesian phylogenetic and multispecies-coalescent DNA sequence analyses strongly suggest that Ecuadorian and Peruvian populations are two independently evolving lineages, with little within-lineage phylogeographic structuring or differentiation. Conclusions We report sharp naked-eye phenotypic divergence of genetically similar Ecuadorian R. ecuadoriensis (nest-dwelling southern-Andean vs palm-dwelling northern bugs; and palm-dwelling Andean vs lowland), and sharp naked-eye phenotypic similarity of typical, yet genetically distinct, southern-Andean bugs primarily from vertebrate-nest (but not palm) microhabitats. This remarkable phenotypic diversity within a single nominal species likely stems from microhabitat adaptations possibly involving predator-driven selection (yielding substrate-matching camouflage coloration) and a shift from palm-crown to vertebrate-nest microhabitats (yielding smaller bodies and shorter and stouter heads). These findings shed new light on the origins of phenotypic diversity in triatomines, warn against excess reliance on phenotype-based triatomine-bug taxonomy, and confirm the Triatominae as an informative model system for the study of phenotypic change under ecological pressure. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04647-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. .,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Fernando A Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, USA.
| | - Márcio G Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James S Patterson
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - M Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Zuriaga
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelo Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto Juan César García, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Charles B Beard
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael A Miles
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Rocha SM, De-Carvalho CB, Freitas EBD, Santos RA, Santana DO, Borzani ACN, Faria RG, Colli GR, Mesquita DO. Lizards from the Alto Sertão region of Sergipe state, northeastern Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We present the first detailed inventory of the lizard fauna of Alto Sertão region, west of Sergipe state, based on three field expeditions carried out by the authors and specimens deposited at the Herpetological Collection of Universidade Federal de Sergipe. The three inventories were carried out between 2010 and 2016, in the municipalities of Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Redondo, Monte Alegre de Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Glória, and Porto da Folha. In total, we sampled 9,485 lizards of 19 species (10 families) of which 10 are new records for the study area. The most abundant species were Ameivula ocellifera, Tropidurus hispidus and T. semitaeniatus. Thirteen species were considered as widely distributed in Caatinga, five presented a relictual distribution and one was exotic. We suggest that future research focus mainly on non-sampled areas and should prioritize the municipalities of Gararu, Nossa Senhora da Glória and Nossa Senhora de Lourdes since they are localities with little or no sampling records.
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7
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Ceríaco LMP, Bernstein J, Sousa AC, Marques MP, Bauer AM, Norder SJ. The reptiles of Tinhosa Grande islet (Gulf of Guinea): A taxonomic update and the role of Quaternary sea level fluctuations in their diversification. AFR J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2020.1832151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis MP Ceríaco
- Museu de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Justin Bernstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, USA
| | - Ana C Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portuga
| | - Mariana P Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia (Museu Bocage), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), InBIO, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sietze J Norder
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Damasceno RP, Carnaval AC, Sass C, Sousa Recoder R, Moritz C, Trefaut Rodrigues M. Geographic restriction, genetic divergence, and morphological disparity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forests: Insights from Leposoma lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Squamata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106993. [PMID: 33148523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lineage differentiation, long-term persistence, and range limitation promote high levels of phylogenetic and phylogeographic endemisms and likely underlie the abundant morphologically cryptic diversity observed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forests (AF). We explore lineage differentiation and range restriction in the AF and ask if genetic divergence and morphological disparity are correlated by integrating coalescent-based species delimitation, molecular phylogenetic, and morphological analyses in the lizard genus Leposoma. We present the first species tree for Leposoma and of their tribe, the Ecpleopodini. The analyses are based on the largest dataset ever assembled for Leposoma in terms of number of species (all represented), genetic markers (12 loci), and geographic coverage (~2,500 km). The exercise allows us to robustly delimit species within the genus and phylogeographic lineages within all species. We find support for the monophyly of the genus and for the recognition of a yet undescribed species around the Baía de Todos-os-Santos, in the state of Bahia; this form is distinct from all other congeners, both genetically and morphologically. We find that L. baturitensis, from the northeastern state of Ceará, is basal to the genus - and sister to a clade of six species restricted to the AF across the eastern coast of Brazil. Relationships within this coastal clade are ((((L. annectans, Leposoma sp.), L. scincoides), L. puk) (L. nanodactylus, L. sinepollex)). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses, together with precise distribution data, allowed us to update the ranges of species and phylogeographic lineages. We reveal pervasive geographic restriction of divergent lineages in Leposoma at and below species level and discuss how forest refuges and rivers might have contributed to it. We find that morphological disparity lags behind genetic divergence in the genus because although they are correlated, the first accumulates at a much slower rate than the latter. We hope to encourage new studies in the area of AF north of the Doce river; phylogeographic sampling in that region has been much less common relative to southern sites, yet it may hold the key to several important processes defining biodiversity patterns in eastern Brazil. This appears to specially apply to processes underlying geographic restriction of morphologically cryptic, yet genetic divergent lineages, as the case of Leposoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta P Damasceno
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York and the Biology Program at the Graduate Center of CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, Marshak Life Science Building J-526, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Chodon Sass
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Renato Sousa Recoder
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Craig Moritz
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, and Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
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9
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Tarkhnishvili D, Gabelaia M, Adriaens D. Phenotypic divergence, convergence and evolution of Caucasian rock lizards (Darevskia). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhenotypic evolution can cause either divergent or convergent phenotypic patterns. Even adaptation to the same environment may result in divergence of some elements of phenotype, whereas for other morphological traits it could cause phenotypic convergence. We hypothesize that at least some phenotypic characters diverge monotonically, hence they evolve irreversibly even in very closely related species, and this happens in spite of multiple convergent adaptive patterns. We studied the evolution of phenotype in 13 closely related Caucasian rock lizards (Darevskia), whose phylogenetic relationships are well known. We used head shape and the outlines of three important scales, using geometric morphometrics. We studied the association of the overall head shape, individual principal components of head shape and scale outlines with four predictors: phylogeny, habitat, sex and size. The overall head shape was not correlated with any of these predictors, whereas some principal components were correlated with habitat or phylogeny. Habitat type explained the highest fraction of variation in head shape and anal scale area. The relatedness inferred from the components of phenotype not correlated with habitat was congruent with the phylogenetic tree inferred from molecular data. Although adaptation to local environments may obscure the phylogenetic signal present in phenotype, there are components of phenotype whose evolution is irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tarkhnishvili
- Ilia State University, Institute of Ecology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/5, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariam Gabelaia
- Ilia State University, Institute of Ecology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Kakutsa Cholokashvili Ave 3/5, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Ghent University, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent, Belgium
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Kim DI, Park IK, Ota H, Fong JJ, Kim JS, Zhang YP, Li SR, Choi WJ, Park D. Patterns of morphological variation in the Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across populations in China, Japan, and Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41610-019-0132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Studies of morphological variation within and among populations provide an opportunity to understand local adaptation and potential patterns of gene flow. To study the evolutionary divergence patterns of Schlegel’s Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across its distribution, we analyzed data for 15 morphological characters of 324 individuals across 11 populations (2 in China, 4 in Japan, and 5 in Korea).
Results
Among-population morphological variation was smaller than within-population variation, which was primarily explained by variation in axilla-groin length, number of infralabials, number of scansors on toe IV, and head-related variables such as head height and width. The population discrimination power was 32.4% and in cluster analysis, populations from the three countries tended to intermix in two major groups.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that morphological differentiation among the studied populations is scarce, suggesting short history for some populations after their establishment, frequent migration of individuals among the populations, and/or local morphological differentiation in similar urban habitats. Nevertheless, we detected interesting phenetic patterns that may predict consistent linkage of particular populations that are independent of national borders. Additional sampling across the range and inclusion of genetic data could give further clue for the historical relationship among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean populations of G. japonicus.
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Ennen JR, Hoffacker ML, Selman W, Murray C, Godwin J, Brown RA, Agha M. The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Body Size and Shape of a Freshwater Vertebrate. COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-18-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Ennen
- Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute, 175 Baylor School Road, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37805; (JRE) . Send reprints to JRE
| | - Mary Lou Hoffacker
- Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute, 175 Baylor School Road, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37805; (JRE) . Send reprints to JRE
| | - Will Selman
- Department of Biology, Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150263, Jackson, Mississippi 39210;
| | - Christopher Murray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 500 W. University Ave., Hammond, Louisiana 70402;
| | - James Godwin
- Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Auburn University Museum of Natural History, 1090 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36849;
| | - Rocko A. Brown
- Cramer Fish Sciences, River Science and Restoration Lab, 3300 Industrial Blvd., Suite 100, West Sacramento, California 95691;
| | - Mickey Agha
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616;
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12
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Ashman LG, Bragg JG, Doughty P, Hutchinson MN, Bank S, Matzke NJ, Oliver P, Moritz C. Diversification across biomes in a continental lizard radiation. Evolution 2018; 72:1553-1569. [PMID: 29972238 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ecological opportunity is a powerful driver of evolutionary diversification, and predicts rapid lineage and phenotypic diversification following colonization of competitor-free habitats. Alternatively, topographic or environmental heterogeneity could be key to generating and sustaining diversity. We explore these hypotheses in a widespread lineage of Australian lizards: the Gehyra variegata group. This clade occurs across two biomes: the Australian monsoonal tropics (AMT), where it overlaps a separate, larger bodied clade of Gehyra and is largely restricted to rocks; and in the larger Australian arid zone (AAZ) where it has no congeners and occupies trees and rocks. New phylogenomic data and coalescent analyses of AAZ taxa resolve lineages and their relationships and reveal high diversity in the western AAZ (Pilbara region). The AMT and AAZ radiations represent separate radiations with no difference in speciation rates. Most taxa occur on rocks, with small geographic ranges relative to widespread generalist taxa across the vast central AAZ. Rock-dwelling and generalist taxa differ morphologically, but only the lineage-poor central AAZ taxa have accelerated evolution. This accords with increasing evidence that lineage and morphological diversity are poorly correlated, and suggests environmental heterogeneity and refugial dynamics have been more important than ecological release in elevating lineage diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Ashman
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - J G Bragg
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - P Doughty
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6016, Australia
| | - M N Hutchinson
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - S Bank
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - N J Matzke
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - P Oliver
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - C Moritz
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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13
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Korshunova T, Lundin K, Malmberg K, Picton B, Martynov A. First true brackish-water nudibranch mollusc provides new insights for phylogeny and biogeography and reveals paedomorphosis-driven evolution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192177. [PMID: 29538398 PMCID: PMC5851531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique example of brackish water fjord-related diversification of a new nudibranch genus and species Bohuslania matsmichaeli gen. n., sp. n. is presented. There are only few previously known brackish-water opisthobranchs and B. matsmichaeli gen. n., sp. n. is the first ever described brackish-water nudibranch with such an extremely limited known geographical range and apparently strict adherence to salinity levels lower than 20 per mille. Up to date the new taxon has been found only in a very restricted area in the Idefjord, bordering Sweden and Norway, but not in any other apparently suitable localities along the Swedish and Norwegian coasts. We also show in this study for the first time the molecular phylogenetic sister relationship between the newly discovered genus Bohuslania and the genus Cuthona. This supports the validity of the family Cuthonidae, which was re-established recently. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of the evolutionary patterns and classification of the whole group Nudibranchia. Molecular and morphological data indicate that brackish water speciation was triggered by paedomorphic evolution among aeolidacean nudibranchs at least two times independently. Thus, the present discovery of this new nudibranch genus contributes to several biological fields, including integration of molecular and morphological data as well as phylogenetic and biogeographical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Korshunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kennet Lundin
- Gothenburg Natural History museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Bernard Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Cultra, United Kingdom
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Gomes V, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. Run for your life, but bite for your rights? How interactions between natural and sexual selection shape functional morphology across habitats. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:9. [PMID: 29294185 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A central issue in evolutionary biology is how morphology, performance, and habitat use coevolve. If morphological variation is tightly associated with habitat use, then differences in morphology should affect fitness through their effect on performance within specific habitats. In this study, we investigate how evolutionary forces mold morphological traits and performance differently given the surrounding environment, at the intraspecific level. For this purpose, we selected populations of the lizard Podarcis bocagei from two different habitat types, agricultural walls and dunes, which we expected to reflect saxicolous vs ground-dwelling habits. In the laboratory, we recorded morphological traits as well as performance traits by measuring sprint speed, climbing capacity, maneuverability, and bite force. Our results revealed fast-evolving ecomorphological variation among populations of P. bocagei, where a direct association existed between head morphology and bite performance. However, we could not establish links between limb morphology and locomotor performance at the individual level. Lizards from walls were better climbers than those from dunes, suggesting a very fast evolutionary response. Interestingly, a significant interaction between habitat and sex was detected in climbing performance. In addition, lizards from dunes bit harder than those from walls, although sexual differentiation was definitely the main factor driving variation in head functional morphology. Taking into account all the results, we found a complex interaction between natural and sexual selection on whole-organism performance, which are, in some cases, reflected in morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal. .,Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661, Vairao, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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15
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Nielsen SV, Oliver PM. Morphological and genetic evidence for a new karst specialist lizard from New Guinea ( Cyrtodactylus: Gekkonidae). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170781. [PMID: 29291070 PMCID: PMC5717644 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposed limestone karst landscapes, especially in the tropics, are often home to distinctive and specialized biotas. Among vertebrates, a particularly large number of karst-associated lizard taxa have been described, but for the vast majority, evidence of specific adaptions to karst is lacking. A number of studies, however, have provided evidence of consistent morphological trends in lizards that use complex, three-dimensional, saxicoline habitats such as those that typify karst areas. Here we combine morphological and genetic data to test whether a newly discovered gecko from an extremely rugged karst area in New Guinea shows morphological trends matching those observed in other lizards associated with complex rock habitats such as karst and caves. Consistent with predictions, the new species' head is flatter and narrower than similar-sized relatives, and it has proportionally larger eyes and longer limbs. These trends indicate this taxon represents the second documented instance of karst specialization in a New Guinean vertebrate, and suggest morphological traits to test for evidence of specialized ecological associations in the many karst-associated Cyrtodactylus taxa from Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart V. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Paul M. Oliver
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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16
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Muñoz MM, Losos JB. Thermoregulatory Behavior Simultaneously Promotes and Forestalls Evolution in a Tropical Lizard. Am Nat 2017; 191:E15-E26. [PMID: 29244559 DOI: 10.1086/694779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of behavior in evolution has long been discussed, with some arguing that behavior promotes evolution by exposing organisms to selection (behavioral drive) and others proposing that it inhibits evolution by shielding organisms from environmental variation (behavioral inertia). However, this discussion has generally focused on the effects of behavior along a single axis without considering that behavior simultaneously influences selection in various niche dimensions. By examining evolutionary change along two distinct niche axes-structural and thermal-we propose that behavior simultaneously drives and impedes evolution in a group of Anolis lizards from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Specifically, a behavioral shift in microhabitat to boulders at high altitude enables thermoregulation, thus forestalling physiological evolution in spite of colder environments. This same behavioral shift drives skull and limb evolution to boulder use. Our results emphasize the multidimensional effects of behavior in evolution. These findings reveal how, rather than being diametrically opposed, niche conservatism and niche lability can occur simultaneously. Furthermore, patterns of niche evolution may vary at different geographic scales: because of thermoregulatory behavior, lizards at high and low elevation share similar microclimatic niches (consistent with niche conservatism) while inhabiting distinct macroclimatic environments (consistent with niche divergence). Together, our results suggest that behavior can connect patterns of niche divergence and conservatism at different geographic scales and among traits.
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17
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Grismer LL, Wood PL, Quah ESH, Anuar S, Ngadi EB, Izam NAM, Ahmad N. Systematics, ecomorphology, cryptic speciation and biogeography of the lizard genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos & Brown (Squamata: Scincidae) from the sky-island archipelago of Peninsular Malaysia. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Perry L Wood
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Evan S H Quah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
- Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ehwan B Ngadi
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Mohd Izam
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ahmad
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Environment and Development, (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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18
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Hagey TJ, Harte S, Vickers M, Harmon LJ, Schwarzkopf L. There's more than one way to climb a tree: Limb length and microhabitat use in lizards with toe pads. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184641. [PMID: 28953920 PMCID: PMC5617165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecomorphology links microhabitat and morphology. By comparing ecomorphological associations across clades, we can investigate the extent to which evolution can produce similar solutions in response to similar challenges. While Anolis lizards represent a well-studied example of repeated convergent evolution, very few studies have investigated the ecomorphology of geckos. Similar to anoles, gekkonid lizards have independently evolved adhesive toe pads and many species are scansorial. We quantified gecko and anole limb length and microhabitat use, finding that geckos tend to have shorter limbs than anoles. Combining these measurements with microhabitat observations of geckos in Queensland, Australia, we observed geckos using similar microhabitats as reported for anoles, but geckos with relatively longer limbs were using narrower perches, differing from patterns observed in anoles and other lizards. We also observed arboreal geckos with relatively shorter proximal limb segments as compared to rock-dwelling and terrestrial geckos, similar to patterns observed for other lizards. We conclude that although both geckos and anoles have adhesive pads and use similar microhabitats, their locomotor systems likely complement their adhesive pads in unique ways and result in different ecomorphological patterns, reinforcing the idea that species with convergent morphologies still have idiosyncratic characteristics due to their own separate evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Hagey
- BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Scott Harte
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mathew Vickers
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Biology and Climate Change, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke J. Harmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Interaction Between Morphology and Habitat Use: A Large-Scale Approach in Tropidurinae Lizards. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3099/0006-9698-554.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Golubović A, Anđelković M, Arsovski D, Bonnet X, Tomović L. Locomotor performances reflect habitat constraints in an armoured species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Comparative morphology and genetics of two populations of spiny lizards (genus Sceloporus) from Central Mexico. ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Pelegrin N, Mesquita DO, Albinati P, Caldas FLS, de Queiroga Cavalcanti LB, Costa TB, Falico DA, Galdino JYA, Tucker DB, Garda AA. Extreme specialization to rocky habitats inTropiduruslizards from Brazil: Trade-offs between a fitted ecomorph and autoecology in a harsh environment. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Pelegrin
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de la Herpetofauna; Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA); CONICET-UNC and Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 X5000AVP Córdoba Argentina
| | - Daniel Oliveira Mesquita
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Pâmela Albinati
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Francis Luiz Santos Caldas
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Lucas Barbosa de Queiroga Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Tais Borges Costa
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Diego Alejandro Falico
- Centre for Proteome Analysis & Mass Spectrometry (CeProMa); University of Antwerp; Antwerpen Belgium
| | - Jéssica Yara A. Galdino
- Laboratório de Herpetologia; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I; João Pessoa Paraiba Brazil
| | - Derek B. Tucker
- Department of Biology; University of West Florida; Pensacola Florida USA
| | - Adrian Antonio Garda
- Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis-LAR; Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia; Centro de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
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23
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Carvalho AL, Sena MA, Peloso PL, Machado FA, Montesinos R, Silva HR, Campbell G, Rodrigues MT. A NewTropidurus(Tropiduridae) from the Semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: Evidence for Conflicting Signal between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Loci Affecting the Phylogenetic Reconstruction of South American Collared Lizards. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1206/3852.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Sacchi R, Mangiacotti M, Scali S, Ghitti M, Bindolini B, Zuffi MA. Genetic and phenotypic component in head shape of common wall lizard Podarcis muralis. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Head shape in lizards correlates with a wide range of environmental pressures, supporting the hypothesis that patterns of phenotypic change represent adaptive responses to selective processes. However, natural selection promotes evolutionary adaptation only if the trait under selection has enough heritable variation. In this study we used geometric morphometrics and quantitative genetics to assess the heritability patterns of the head shape and size of common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). Genetic and phenotypic components were estimated using animal models, which showed that more than half of the variation in head morphology is inheritable. Furthermore, at least five independent patterns of genetically determined phenotypic change were detected. These outcomes confirm that morphological differentiation in common wall lizards may reliably be regarded as the result of adaptive processes driven by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Mangiacotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Scali
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Corso Venezia 55, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Ghitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bindolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco A.L. Zuffi
- Museo di Storia Naturale, Università di Pisa, via Roma 79, 56011 Calci, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Gomes V, Carretero MA, Kaliontzopoulou A. The relevance of morphology for habitat use and locomotion in two species of wall lizards. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Kolbe JJ, Battles AC, Avilés‐Rodríguez KJ. City slickers: poor performance does not deter
Anolis
lizards from using artificial substrates in human‐modified habitats. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode IslandUSA
| | - Andrew C. Battles
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode IslandUSA
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27
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Jančúchová-Lásková J, Landová E, Frynta D. Experimental Crossing of Two Distinct Species of Leopard Geckos, Eublepharis angramainyu and E. macularius: Viability, Fertility and Phenotypic Variation of the Hybrids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143630. [PMID: 26633648 PMCID: PMC4669172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between distinct species of animals and subsequent genetic introgression plays a considerable role in the speciation process and the emergence of adaptive characters. Fitness of between-species hybrids usually sharply decreases with the divergence time of the concerned species and the divergence depth, which still allows for a successful crossing differs among principal clades of vertebrates. Recently, a review of hybridization events among distinct lizard species revealed that lizards belong to vertebrates with a highly developed ability to hybridize. In spite of this, reliable reports of experimental hybridizations between genetically fairly divergent species are only exceptional. Here, we show the results of the crossing of two distinct allopatric species of eyelid geckos possessing temperature sex determination and lacking sex chromosomes: Eublepharis macularius distributed in Pakistan/Afghanistan area and E. angramainyu, which inhabits Mesopotamia and adjacent areas. We demonstrated that F1 hybrids were viable and fertile, and the introgression of E. angramainyu genes into the E. macularius genome can be enabled via a backcrossing. The examined hybrids (except those of the F2 generation) displayed neither malformations nor a reduced survival. Analyses of morphometric and coloration traits confirmed phenotypic distinctness of both parental species and their F1 hybrids. These findings contrast with long-term geographic and an evolutionary separation of the studied species. Thus, the occurrence of fertile hybrids of comparably divergent species, such as E. angramainyu and E. macularius, may also be expected in other taxa of squamates. This would violate the current estimates of species diversity in lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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28
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Muñoz MM, Crandell KE, Campbell-Staton SC, Fenstermacher K, Frank HK, Van Middlesworth P, Sasa M, Losos JB, Herrel A. Multiple paths to aquatic specialisation in four species of Central AmericanAnolislizards. J NAT HIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1005714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Wu NC, Alton LA, Clemente CJ, Kearney MR, White CR. Morphology and burrowing energetics of semi-fossorial skinks (Liopholis). J Exp Biol 2015; 218:2416-26. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Burrowing is an important form of locomotion in reptiles, but no study has examined the energetic cost of burrowing for reptiles. This is significant since burrowing is the most energetically expensive mode of locomotion undertaken by animals, and many burrowing species therefore show specialisations for their subterranean lifestyle. We examined the effect of temperature and substrate characteristics (coarse sand or fine sand) on the net energetic cost of burrowing (NCOB) and burrowing rate in two species of the Egernia group of skinks (Liopholis striata and Liopholis inornata) and compared it with those of other burrowing animals. We further tested for morphological specialisations among burrowing species by comparing the relationship between body shape and retreat preference in Egernia skinks. For L. striata and L. inornata, NCOB is 350 times more expensive than the predicted cost of pedestrian terrestrial locomotion. Temperature had a positive effect on burrowing rate for both species, and a negative effect on NCOB for L. striata but not L. inornata. Both NCOB and burrowing rate were independent of substrate type. Burrows constructed by skinks had smaller cross-sectional area than those constructed by mammals of comparable mass, and NCOB of skinks was lower than that of mammals of similar mass. After accounting for body size, retreat preference was significantly correlated with body shape in Egernia group skinks. Species of Egernia group skinks that use burrows for retreats have narrower bodies and shorter front limbs than other species. We conclude that the morphological specialisations of burrowing skinks allow them to construct relatively narrow burrows, thereby reducing NCOB and the total cost of constructing their burrow retreats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lesley A. Alton
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christofer J. Clemente
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R. Kearney
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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30
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Adams DC. Ecomorphological variation in male and female wall lizards and the macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in relation to habitat use. J Evol Biol 2014; 28:80-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; InBIO; Universidade do Porto; Vila do Conde Portugal
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
| | - M. A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; InBIO; Universidade do Porto; Vila do Conde Portugal
| | - D. C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
- Department of Statistics; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
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31
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Collins CE, Russell AP, Higham TE. Subdigital adhesive pad morphology varies in relation to structural habitat use in the Namib Day Gecko. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony P. Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary ABCanada
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32
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Grundler MC, Rabosky DL. Trophic divergence despite morphological convergence in a continental radiation of snakes. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:rspb.2014.0413. [PMID: 24920479 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological and phenotypic convergence is a potential outcome of adaptive radiation in response to ecological opportunity. However, a number of factors may limit convergence during evolutionary radiations, including interregional differences in biogeographic history and clade-specific constraints on form and function. Here, we demonstrate that a single clade of terrestrial snakes from Australia--the oxyuranine elapids--exhibits widespread morphological convergence with a phylogenetically diverse and distantly related assemblage of snakes from North America. Australian elapids have evolved nearly the full spectrum of phenotypic modalities that occurs among North American snakes. Much of the convergence appears to involve the recurrent evolution of stereotyped morphologies associated with foraging mode, locomotion and habitat use. By contrast, analysis of snake diets indicates striking divergence in feeding ecology between these faunas, partially reflecting regional differences in ecological allometry between Australia and North America. Widespread phenotypic convergence with the North American snake fauna coupled with divergence in feeding ecology are clear examples of how independent continental radiations may converge along some ecological axes yet differ profoundly along others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Grundler
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel L Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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33
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Slow genital and genetic but rapid non-genital and ecological differentiation in a pair of spider species (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZOOL ANZ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Broeckhoven C, Mouton PLFN. Under pressure: morphological and ecological correlates of bite force in the rock-dwelling lizardsOuroborus cataphractusandKarusasaurus polyzonus(Squamata: Cordylidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Broeckhoven
- Department of Botany & Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - P. le Fras N. Mouton
- Department of Botany & Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
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35
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Recoder RS, Ribeiro MC, Rodrigues MT. Spatial Variation in Morphometry inVanzosaura rubricauda(Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from Open Habitats of South America and its Environmental Correlates. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2994/sajhd1200019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Edwards S, Tolley KA, Vanhooydonck B, Measey GJ, Herrel A. Is dietary niche breadth linked to morphology and performance in Sandveld lizardsNucras(Sauria: Lacertidae)? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G. John Measey
- Department of Zoology; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; PO Box 77000; Port Elizabeth; 6031; South Africa
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité; UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN; 57 rue Cuvier; Case postale 55; 75231; Paris, Cedex 5; France
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Rock-dwelling lizards exhibit less sensitivity of sprint speed to increases in substrate rugosity. ZOOLOGY 2013; 116:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Edwards S, Vanhooydonck B, Herrel A, Measey GJ, Tolley KA. Convergent evolution associated with habitat decouples phenotype from phylogeny in a clade of lizards. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51636. [PMID: 23251601 PMCID: PMC3520956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution can explain similarity in morphology between species, due to selection on a fitness-enhancing phenotype in response to local environmental conditions. As selective pressures on body morphology may be strong, these have confounded our understanding of the evolutionary relationships between species. Within the speciose African radiation of lacertid lizards (Eremiadini), some species occupy a narrow habitat range (e.g. open habitat, cluttered habitat, strictly rupicolous, or strictly psammophilic), which may exert strong selective pressures on lizard body morphology. Here we show that the overall body plan is unrelated to shared ancestry in the African radiation of Eremiadini, but is instead coupled to habitat use. Comprehensive Bayesian and likelihood phylogenies using multiple representatives from all genera (2 nuclear, 2 mitochondrial markers) show that morphologically convergent species thought to represent sister taxa within the same genus are distantly related evolutionary lineages (Ichnotropis squamulosa and Ichnotropis spp.; Australolacerta rupicola and A. australis). Hierarchical clustering and multivariate analysis of morphological characters suggest that body, and head, width and height (stockiness), all of which are ecologically relevant with respect to movement through habitat, are similar between the genetically distant species. Our data show that convergence in morphology, due to adaptation to similar environments, has confounded the assignment of species leading to misidentification of the taxonomic position of I. squamulosa and the Australolacerta species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Edwards
- Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
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García-De la Peña C, Gadsden H, Palomo-Ramos R, Gatica-Colima AB, Lavín-Murcio PA, Castañeda G. Spatial Segregation of Microhabitats Within a Community of Lizards in Médanos de Samalayuca, Chihuahua, Mexico. SOUTHWEST NAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-57.4.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Blankers T, Townsend TM, Pepe K, Reeder TW, Wiens JJ. Contrasting global-scale evolutionary radiations: phylogeny, diversification, and morphological evolution in the major clades of iguanian lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ted M. Townsend
- Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego; CA; 92182-4614; USA
| | - Kristen Pepe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook; NY; 11794-5245; USA
| | - Tod W. Reeder
- Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego; CA; 92182-4614; USA
| | - John J. Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook; NY; 11794-5245; USA
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Blankers T, Adams DC, Wiens JJ. Ecological radiation with limited morphological diversification in salamanders. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:634-46. [PMID: 22268991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blankers
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gomes CM, Kohlsdorf T. Evolution of sexual dimorphism in the digit ratio 2D:4D--relationships with body size and microhabitat use in iguanian lizards. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28465. [PMID: 22162772 PMCID: PMC3230595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio between lengths of digit II and IV (digit ratio 2D:4D) is a morphological feature that likely affects tetrapod locomotor performances in different microhabitats. Modifications of this trait may be triggered by changes in steroids concentrations during embryo development, which might reflect direct selection acting on digit ratio or be solely a consequence of hormonal differences related for example to body size. Here we apply both conventional and phylogenetic analyses on morphological data from 25 lizard species of 3 families of Iguania (Iguanidae, Polychrotidae, and Tropiduridae), in order to verify whether selective pressures related to locomotion in different microhabitats could override the prenatal developmental cues imposed on the digit ratio 2D:4D by differences in body size between males and females. Data suggest that this trait evolved in association with ecological divergence in the species studied, despite the clear effect of body size on the digit ratio 2D:4D. The ecological associations of size-corrected digit ratios were restricted to one sex, and females of species that often use perches exhibited small digit ratios in the front limbs, which translated into larger sexual dimorphism indexes of arboreal species. The results, together with the subsequent discussion, provide outlines for further investigation about possible developmental mechanisms related to the evolution of adaptive changes in digit lengths that may have occurred during the evolution of ecological divergence in squamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M. Gomes
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiana Kohlsdorf
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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KALIONTZOPOULOU ANTIGONI, CARRETERO MIGUELA, LLORENTE GUSTAVOA. Morphology of the Podarcis wall lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae) from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa: patterns of variation in a putative cryptic species complex. Zool J Linn Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Adams DC, van der Meijden A, Perera A, Carretero MA. Relationships between head morphology, bite performance and ecology in two species of Podarcis wall lizards. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Decoction of Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) and Tropidurus semitaeniatus (Spix, 1825) Used by the Traditional Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:747969. [PMID: 21754948 PMCID: PMC3132473 DOI: 10.1155/2012/747969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus are two lizard species utilized in traditional medicine in Northeast Brazil. Their medicinal use includes diseases related with bacterial infections such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis. They are used in the form of teas (decoctions) for the treatment of illnesses. In this work, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the decoctions of T. hispidus (DTH) and T. semitaeniatus (DTS) against bacterial strains, namely, standard and multiresistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, and Pseudomonas aureuginosa, alone and in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The decoctions were prepared using the whole body of the dried lizards, and the filtrate was frozen and lyophilized. When tested alone, the samples did not demonstrate any substantial inhibition of bacterial growth. However, in combination with antibiotics as aminoglycosides, decoctions reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the assayed antibiotics against multiresistant strains of S. aureus and P. aureuginosa. Chemical prospecting tests revealed the presence of alkaloids in DTS. This is the first study evaluating the medicinal efficacy of T. hispidus and T. semitaeniatus and contributes to the list of new sources of medicines from natural products of animal origin.
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Fuller PO, Higham TE, Clark AJ. Posture, speed, and habitat structure: three-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of two species of padless geckos. ZOOLOGY 2011; 114:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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HOPKINS KEVINP, TOLLEY KRYSTALA. Morphological variation in the Cape Dwarf Chameleon (Bradypodion pumilum) as a consequence of spatially explicit habitat structure differences. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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KALIONTZOPOULOU A, CARRETERO MA, LLORENTE GA. Intraspecific ecomorphological variation: linear and geometric morphometrics reveal habitat-related patterns within Podarcis bocagei wall lizards. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:1234-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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GOODMAN BA. Nowhere to run: the role of habitat openness and refuge use in defining patterns of morphological and performance evolution in tropical lizards. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:1535-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Goodman BA, Hudson SC, Isaac JL, Schwarzkopf L. THE EVOLUTION OF BODY SHAPE IN RESPONSE TO HABITAT: IS REPRODUCTIVE OUTPUT REDUCED IN FLAT LIZARDS? Evolution 2009; 63:1279-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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