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Aarthy M, Hemalatha T, Suryalakshmi P, Vinoth V, Mercyjayapriya J, Shanmugam G, Ayyadurai N. Biomimetic design of fibril-forming non-immunogenic collagen like proteins for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130999. [PMID: 38521303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Collagen, a key component of extracellular matrix serves as a linchpin for maintaining structural integrity and functional resilience. Concerns over purity and immunogenicity of animal-derived collagens have spurred efforts to develop synthetic collagen-based biomaterials. Despite several collagen mimics, there remains limited exploration of non-immunogenic biomaterials with the capacity for effective self-assembly. To combat the lacuna, collagen like protein (CLP) variants were rationally designed and recombinantly expressed, incorporating human telopeptide sequences (CLP-N and CLP-NC) and bioactive binding sites (CLP-NB). Circular dichroism analyses of the variants confirmed the triple helical conformation, with variations in thermal stability and conformation attributed to the presence of telopeptides at one or both ends of CLP. The variants had propensity to form oligomers, setting the stage for fibrillogenesis. The CLP variants were biocompatible, hemocompatible and supported cell proliferation and migration, particularly CLP-NB with integrin-binding sites. Gene expression indicated a lack of significant upregulation of inflammatory markers, highlighting the non-immunogenic nature of these variants. Lyophilized CLP scaffolds maintained their triple-helical structure and offered favorable biomaterial characteristics. These results accentuate the potential of designed CLP variants in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and industrial sectors, supporting the development of biocompatible scaffolds and implants for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayilvahanan Aarthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India
| | - Thiagarajan Hemalatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India
| | - Pandurangan Suryalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India
| | - Vetrivel Vinoth
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-CLRI, Chennai 600020, India
| | - Jebakumar Mercyjayapriya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India
| | - Ganesh Shanmugam
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-CLRI, Chennai 600020, India
| | - Niraikulam Ayyadurai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai 600020, India.
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2
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Wernlé KK, Sonnenfelt MA, Leek CC, Ganji E, Sullivan AL, Offutt C, Shuff J, Ornitz DM, Killian ML. Loss of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in Scleraxis-lineage cells leads to enlarged bone eminences and attachment cell death. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1180-1188. [PMID: 37212424 PMCID: PMC10524747 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendons and ligaments attach to bone are essential for joint mobility and stability in vertebrates. Tendon and ligament attachments (ie, entheses) are found at bony protrusions (ie, eminences), and the shape and size of these protrusions depend on both mechanical forces and cellular cues during growth. Tendon eminences also contribute to mechanical leverage for skeletal muscle. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays a critical role in bone development, and Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 are highly expressed in the perichondrium and periosteum of bone where entheses can be found. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We used transgenic mice for combinatorial knockout of Fgfr1 and/or Fgfr2 in tendon/attachment progenitors (ScxCre) and measured eminence size and shape. Conditional deletion of both, but not individual, Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in Scx progenitors led to enlarged eminences in the postnatal skeleton and shortening of long bones. In addition, Fgfr1/Fgfr2 double conditional knockout mice had more variation collagen fibril size in tendon, decreased tibial slope, and increased cell death at ligament attachments. These findings identify a role for FGFR signaling in regulating growth and maintenance of tendon/ligament attachments and the size and shape of bony eminences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra K. Wernlé
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Sonnenfelt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Connor C. Leek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Elahe Ganji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, 130 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Anna Lia Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Claudia Offutt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Jordan Shuff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - Megan L. Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, Delaware, 19716
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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3
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Roth J, Hoop CL, Williams JK, Hayes R, Baum J. Probing the effect of glycosaminoglycan depletion on integrin interactions with collagen I fibrils in the native extracellular matrix environment. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4508. [PMID: 36369695 PMCID: PMC9793976 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen-integrin interactions in the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate a multitude of cellular processes and cell signalling. Collagen I fibrils serve as the molecular scaffolding for connective tissues throughout the human body and are the most abundant protein building blocks in the ECM. The ECM environment is diverse, made up of several ECM proteins, enzymes, and proteoglycans. In particular, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), anionic polysaccharides that decorate proteoglycans, become depleted in the ECM with natural aging and their mis-regulation has been linked to cancers and other diseases. The impact of GAG depletion in the ECM environment on collagen I protein interactions and on mechanical properties is not well understood. Here, we integrate ELISA protein binding assays with liquid high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) to assess the effects of GAG depletion on the interaction of collagen I fibrils with the integrin α2I domain using separate rat tails. ELISA binding assays demonstrate that α2I preferentially binds to GAG-depleted collagen I fibrils in comparison to native fibrils. By amplitude modulated AFM in air and in solution, we find that GAG-depleted collagen I fibrils retain structural features of the native fibrils, including their characteristic D-banding pattern, a key structural motif. AFM fast force mapping in solution shows that GAG depletion reduces the stiffness of individual fibrils, lowering the indentation modulus by half compared to native fibrils. Together these results shed new light on how GAGs influence collagen I fibril-integrin interactions and may aid in strategies to treat diseases that result from GAG mis-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Cody L. Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jonathan K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Drug Product DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Robert Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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4
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Human endothelial cells form an endothelium in freestanding collagen hollow filaments fabricated by direct extrusion printing. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100067. [PMID: 36824376 PMCID: PMC9934428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber-shaped materials have great potential for tissue engineering applications as they provide structural support and spatial patterns within a three-dimensional construct. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of mechanically stable, meter-long collagen hollow filaments by a direct extrusion printing process. The fibres are permeable for oxygen and proteins and allow cultivation of primary human endothelial cells (ECs) at the inner surface under perfused conditions. The cells show typical characteristics of a well-organized EC lining including VE-cadherin expression, cellular response to flow and ECM production. The results demonstrate that the collagen tubes are capable of creating robust soft tissue filaments. The mechanical properties and the biofunctionality of these collagen hollow filaments facilitate the engineering of prevascularised tissue engineering constructs.
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5
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Picker J, Lan Z, Arora S, Green M, Hahn M, Cosgriff-Hernandez E, Hook M. Prokaryotic Collagen-Like Proteins as Novel Biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:840939. [PMID: 35372322 PMCID: PMC8968730 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.840939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens are the major structural component in animal extracellular matrices and are critical signaling molecules in various cell-matrix interactions. Its unique triple helical structure is enabled by tripeptide Gly-X-Y repeats. Understanding of sequence requirements for animal-derived collagen led to the discovery of prokaryotic collagen-like protein in the early 2000s. These prokaryotic collagen-like proteins are structurally similar to mammalian collagens in many ways. However, unlike the challenges associated with recombinant expression of mammalian collagens, these prokaryotic collagen-like proteins can be readily expressed in E. coli and are amenable to genetic modification. In this review article, we will first discuss the properties of mammalian collagen and provide a comparative analysis of mammalian collagen and prokaryotic collagen-like proteins. We will then review the use of prokaryotic collagen-like proteins to both study the biology of conventional collagen and develop a new biomaterial platform. Finally, we will describe the application of Scl2 protein, a streptococcal collagen-like protein, in thromboresistant coating for cardiovascular devices, scaffolds for bone regeneration, chronic wound dressing and matrices for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Picker
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ziyang Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Srishtee Arora
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mykel Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Mariah Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | | | - Magnus Hook
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Hulgan SAH, Hartgerink JD. Recent Advances in Collagen Mimetic Peptide Structure and Design. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1475-1489. [PMID: 35258280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) fold into a polyproline type II triple helix, allowing the study of the structure and function (or misfunction) of the collagen family of proteins. This Perspective will focus on recent developments in the use of CMPs toward understanding the structure and controlling the stability of the triple helix. Triple helix assembly is influenced by various factors, including the single amino acid propensity for the triple helix fold, pairwise interactions between these amino acids, and long-range effects observed across the helix, such as bend, twist, and fraying. Important progress in creating a comprehensive and predictive understanding of these factors for peptides with exclusively natural amino acids has been made. In contrast, several groups have successfully developed unnatural amino acids that are engineered to stabilize the triple helical structure. A third approach to controlling the triple helical structure includes covalent cross-linking of the triple helix to stabilize the assembly, which eliminates the problematic equilibrium of unfolding into monomers and enforces compositional control. Advances in all these areas have resulted in significant improvements to our understanding and control of this important class of protein, allowing for the design and application of more chemically complex and well-controlled collagen mimetic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A H Hulgan
- Rice University, Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Hartgerink
- Rice University, Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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7
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Ichise SF, Koide T. Synthetic Collagen-like Polymer That Undergoes a Sol–Gel Transition Triggered by O–N Acyl Migration at Physiological pH. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031584. [PMID: 35163505 PMCID: PMC8835898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported an artificial collagen gel that can be used as a cell-culture substrate by end-to-end cross-linking of collagen-like triple-helical peptides via disulfide bonds. However, the gel had to be formed a priori by polymerizing the peptide in an acidic solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide for several days, which prevented its use as an injectable gel or three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for cell culture. In this study, we developed a collagen-like peptide polymer by incorporating an O–N acyl migration-triggered triple helix formation mechanism into a collagen-like peptide, which formed a gel within 10 min. We demonstrated that the collagen-like peptide polymer can be used as a 3D cell scaffold and that the 3D structure formation of cells can be controlled by collagen-derived bioactive sequences introduced into the peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro F. Ichise
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Takaki Koide
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Al-Maawi S, Rother S, Halfter N, Fiebig KM, Moritz J, Moeller S, Schnabelrauch M, Kirkpatrick CJ, Sader R, Wiesmann HP, Scharnweber D, Hintze V, Ghanaati S. Covalent linkage of sulfated hyaluronan to the collagen scaffold Mucograft® enhances scaffold stability and reduces proinflammatory macrophage activation in vivo. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:420-434. [PMID: 34541411 PMCID: PMC8429620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) show interaction with biological mediator proteins. Although collagen-based biomaterials are widely used in clinics, their combination with high-sulfated hyaluronan (sHA3) is unexplored. This study aims to functionalize a collagen-based scaffold (Mucograft®) with sHA3 via electrostatic (sHA3/PBS) or covalent binding to collagen fibrils (sHA3+EDC/NHS). Crosslinking without sHA3 was used as a control (EDC/NHS Ctrl). The properties of the sHA3-functionalized materials were characterized. In vitro growth factor and cytokine release after culturing with liquid platelet-rich fibrin was performed by means of ELISA. The cellular reaction to the biomaterials was analyzed in a subcutaneous rat model. The study revealed that covalent linking of sHA3 to collagen allowed only a marginal release of sHA3 over 28 days in contrast to electrostatically bound sHA3. sHA3+EDC/NHS scaffolds showed reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and enhanced interleukin-8 (IL-8) and epithelial growth factor (EGF) release in vitro compared to the other scaffolds. Both sHA3/PBS and EDC/NHS Ctrl scaffolds showed a high proinflammatory reaction (M1: CD-68+/CCR7+) and induced multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation in vivo. Only sHA3+EDC/NHS scaffolds reduced the proinflammatory macrophage M1 response and did not induce MNGC formation during the 30 days. SHA3+EDC/NHS scaffolds had a stable structure in vivo and showed sufficient integration into the implantation region after 30 days, whereas EDC/NHS Ctrl scaffolds underwent marked disintegration and lost their initial structure. In summary, functionalized collagen (sHA3+EDC/NHS) modulates the inflammatory response and is a promising biomaterial as a stable scaffold for full-thickness skin regeneration in the future. Covalent linking of high-sulfated hyaluronan (sHA3) to collagen allows a sustained release of sHA3. Covalent linking of sHA3 to collagen modulates the release of growth factor and cytokines in vitro. Covalent linking of sHA3 to collagen suppresses the induction of multinucleated giant cells in vivo. Covalent linking of sHA3 to collagen reduces the proinflammatory macrophage M1 response in vivo. Functionalized collagen with sHA3 is promising for full-thickness skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Maawi
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Rother
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Halfter
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karen M Fiebig
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Moritz
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Moeller
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V., Prüssingstr. 27B, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Robert Sader
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wiesmann
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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9
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Atalis A, Dixon JB, Roy K. Soluble and Microparticle-Based Delivery of TLR4 and TLR9 Agonists Differentially Modulate 3D Chemotaxis of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001899. [PMID: 33928762 PMCID: PMC9211062 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are commonly administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and local immune cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs), play a significant role in transporting vaccine antigens and adjuvants to draining lymph nodes. Here, it is compared how soluble and biomaterial-mediated delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-targeted adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, TLR4 ligand) and 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' DNA (CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand), modulate 3D chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) toward lymphatic chemokine gradients. Within microfluidic devices containing 3D collagen-based matrices to mimic tissue conditions, soluble MPLA increases BMDC chemotaxis toward gradients of CCL19 and CCL21, while soluble CpG has no effect. Delivering CpG on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles (MPs) enhances BMDC chemotaxis compared to MPLA-encapsulated MPs, and when co-delivered, MPLA and CpG do not synergistically enhance BMDC migration. It is concluded that supplementing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-derived BMDC culture with interleukin-4 is necessary to induce CCR7 expression and chemotaxis of BMDCs. Different cell subsets in BMDC culture upregulate CCR7 in response to soluble versus biomaterial-loaded MPLA and CpG, and CCR7 expression does not consistently correlate with functional migration. The results show both adjuvant type and delivery method influence chemotaxis of DCs, and these findings uncover new directions for the rational design of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Atalis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - J Brandon Dixon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MC3M), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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10
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Pouw AE, Greiner MA, Coussa RG, Jiao C, Han IC, Skeie JM, Fingert JH, Mullins RF, Sohn EH. Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Eye: From Cornea to Choroid. Cells 2021; 10:687. [PMID: 33804633 PMCID: PMC8003714 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in all parts of the eye, from maintaining clarity and hydration of the cornea and vitreous to regulating angiogenesis, intraocular pressure maintenance, and vascular signaling. This review focuses on the interactions of the ECM for homeostasis of normal physiologic functions of the cornea, vitreous, retina, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, and choroid as well as trabecular meshwork, optic nerve, conjunctiva and tenon's layer as it relates to glaucoma. A variety of pathways and key factors related to ECM in the eye are discussed, including but not limited to those related to transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic-fibroblastic growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases (including MMP-2 and MMP-9, and MMP-14), collagen IV, fibronectin, elastin, canonical signaling, integrins, and endothelial morphogenesis consistent of cellular activation-tubulogenesis and cellular differentiation-stabilization. Alterations contributing to disease states such as wound healing, diabetes-related complications, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, angiogenesis, fibrosis, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and posteriorly inserted vitreous base are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Pouw
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark A. Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Razek G. Coussa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chunhua Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ian C. Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jessica M. Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
| | - John H. Fingert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert F. Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Elliott H. Sohn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.E.P.); (M.A.G.); (R.G.C.); (C.J.); (I.C.H.); (J.M.S.); (J.H.F.); (R.F.M.)
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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11
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Xu Y, Kirchner M. Collagen Mimetic Peptides. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:5. [PMID: 33466358 PMCID: PMC7824840 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first synthesis in the late 1960s, collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been used as a molecular tool to study collagen, and as an approach to develop novel collagen mimetic biomaterials. Collagen, a major extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, plays vital roles in many physiological and pathogenic processes. Applications of CMPs have advanced our understanding of the structure and molecular properties of a collagen triple helix-the building block of collagen-and the interactions of collagen with important molecular ligands. The accumulating knowledge is also paving the way for developing novel CMPs for biomedical applications. Indeed, for the past 50 years, CMP research has been a fast-growing, far-reaching interdisciplinary field. The major development and achievement of CMPs were documented in a few detailed reviews around 2010. Here, we provided a brief overview of what we have learned about CMPs-their potential and their limitations. We focused on more recent developments in producing heterotrimeric CMPs, and CMPs that can form collagen-like higher order molecular assemblies. We also expanded the traditional view of CMPs to include larger designed peptides produced using recombinant systems. Studies using recombinant peptides have provided new insights on collagens and promoted progress in the development of collagen mimetic fibrillar self-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA;
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12
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Hulgan SAH, Jalan AA, Li IC, Walker DR, Miller MD, Kosgei AJ, Xu W, Phillips GN, Hartgerink JD. Covalent Capture of Collagen Triple Helices Using Lysine–Aspartate and Lysine–Glutamate Pairs. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3772-3781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. H. Hulgan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Abhishek A. Jalan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - I-Che Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Douglas R. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mitchell D. Miller
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Abigael J. Kosgei
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Weijun Xu
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Hartgerink
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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13
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Suzuki H, Mahapatra D, Board AJ, Steel PJ, Dyer JM, Gerrard JA, Dobson RCJ, Valéry C. Sub-Ångstrom structure of collagen model peptide (GPO) 10 shows a hydrated triple helix with pitch variation and two proline ring conformations. Food Chem 2020; 319:126598. [PMID: 32182540 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are large structural proteins that are prevalent in mammalian connective tissue. Peptides designed to include a glycine-proline-hydroxyproline (GPO) amino acid triad are biomimetic analogs of the collagen triple helix, a fold that is a hallmark of collagen-like sequences. To inform the rational engineering of collagen-like peptides and proteins for food systems, we report the crystal structure of the (GPO)10 peptide at 0.89-Å resolution, solved using direct methods. We determined that a single chain in the asymmetric unit forms a pseudo-hexagonal network of triple helices that have a pitch variation consistent with the model 7/2 helix (3.5 residues per turn). The proline rings occupied one of two states, while the helix was found to have a well-defined hydration shell involved in the stabilization of the inter-helix crystal network. This structure offers a new high-resolution basis for understanding the hierarchical assembly of native collagens, which will aid the food industry in engineering new sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Suzuki
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Deepti Mahapatra
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; AgResearch Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Amanda J Board
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Steel
- Chemistry Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jolon M Dyer
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; AgResearch Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Juliet A Gerrard
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences and School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Callaghan Innovation Research Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Céline Valéry
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Naka Y, Kitano S, Irie S, Matsusaki M. Wholly vascularized millimeter-sized engineered tissues by cell-sized microscaffolds. Mater Today Bio 2020; 6:100054. [PMID: 32478317 PMCID: PMC7248423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro fabrication of wholly vascularized millimeter-sized engineered tissues is still a key challenge in the tissue engineering field. Recently we reported a unique approach 'sedimentary culture' using a collagen microfiber (CMF) to fabricate large-scale engineered tissues. The millimeter-sized tissues with high extracellular matrix (ECM) density were easily obtained by centrifugation of cells and CMFs and subsequent cultivation because the CMFs acted as a micrometer-sized scaffold. However, cell distribution in the obtained tissues was not homogeneous because of the different sedimentation velocity of the cells and CMFs because of their size difference. Here we report the fabrication of wholly vascularized millimeter-sized engineered tissues using cell-sized CMFs. To avoid dissolving, vacuum drying was performed at 200 °C for 24 h for thermal crosslinking of primary amine groups of type I collagen. The 200- and 20-μm-sized CMFs (CMF-200 and CMF-20) were obtained by homogenization and subsequent sonication of the crosslinked collagen. Interestingly, the CMF-20 indicated a similar sedimentation velocity with cells because of their same size range, thus uniform millimeter-sized tissue with homogeneous cell distribution was fabricated by the sedimentary culture method. To form a whole blood capillary structure in the tissues, fibronectin (FN) was adsorbed on the surface of CMF-20 to stimulate endothelial cell migration. The distribution of the blood capillary network in 1.6-mm-sized tissues was markedly improved by FN-adsorbed CMF-20 (FN-CMF-20). Sedimentary culture using FN-CMF-20 will create new opportunities in tissue engineering for the in vitro fabrication of wholly vascularized millimeter-sized engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Naka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S. Kitano
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S. Irie
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M. Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Turner KR, Adams C, Staelens S, Deckmyn H, San Antonio J. Crucial Role for Endothelial Cell α2β1 Integrin Receptor Clustering in Collagen-Induced Angiogenesis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1604-1618. [PMID: 31581346 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial mechanism of vascular growth and regeneration that requires biosynthesis and cross-linking of collagens in vivo and is induced by collagen in vitro. Here, we use an in vitro model in which apical Type I collagen gels rapidly induce angiogenesis in endothelial monolayers. We extend previous studies demonstrating the importance of the endothelial α2β1 integrin, a key collagen receptor, in angiogenesis by investigating the roles of receptor clustering and conformational activation. Immunocytochemical localization of α2β1 integrins in endothelial monolayers showed a concentration of integrins along cell-cell borders. After inducing angiogenesis with collagen, the receptors redistributed to apical cell surfaces, aligning with collagen fibers, which were also redistributed during angiogenesis. Levels of conformationally activated α2β1 integrins were unchanged during angiogenesis and undetected on endothelial cells binding collagen in suspension. We mimicked the polyvalency of collagen fibrils using antibody-coated polystyrene beads to cluster endothelial cell surface α2β1 integrins, which induced rapid angiogenesis in the absence of collagen gels. Clustering of αvβ3 integrins and PECAM-1 but not of α1 integrins also induced angiogenesis. Soluble antibodies alone had no effect. Thus, the angiogenic property of collagen may reside in its ability to ligate and cluster cell surface receptors such as α2β1 integrins. Furthermore, synthetic substrates that promote the clustering of select endothelial cell surface receptors mimic the angiogenic properties of Type I collagen and may have applications in promoting vascularization of engineered tissues. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Turner
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher Adams
- Department of Anatomy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Staelens
- Agrosavfe NV, Ghent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - James San Antonio
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Hoop CL, Kemraj AP, Wang B, Gahlawat S, Godesky M, Zhu J, Warren HR, Case DA, Shreiber DI, Baum J. Molecular underpinnings of integrin binding to collagen-mimetic peptides containing vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-associated substitutions. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14442-14453. [PMID: 31406019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens carry out critical extracellular matrix (ECM) functions by interacting with numerous cell receptors and ECM components. Single glycine substitutions in collagen III, which predominates in vascular walls, result in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS), leading to arterial, uterine, and intestinal rupture and an average life expectancy of <50 years. Collagen interactions with integrin α2β1 are vital for platelet adhesion and activation; however, how these interactions are impacted by vEDS-associated mutations and by specific amino acid substitutions is unclear. Here, we designed collagen-mimetic peptides (CMPs) with previously reported Gly → Xaa (Xaa = Ala, Arg, or Val) vEDS substitutions within a high-affinity integrin α2β1-binding motif, GROGER. We used these peptides to investigate, at atomic-level resolution, how these amino acid substitutions affect the collagen III-integrin α2β1 interaction. Using a multitiered approach combining biological adhesion assays, CD, NMR, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we found that these substitutions differentially impede human mesenchymal stem cell spreading and integrin α2-inserted (α2I) domain binding to the CMPs and were associated with triple-helix destabilization. Although an Ala substitution locally destabilized hydrogen bonding and enhanced mobility, it did not significantly reduce the CMP-integrin interactions. MD simulations suggested that bulkier Gly → Xaa substitutions differentially disrupt the CMP-α2I interaction. The Gly → Arg substitution destabilized CMP-α2I side-chain interactions, and the Gly → Val change broke the essential Mg2+ coordination. The relationship between the loss of functional binding and the type of vEDS substitution provides a foundation for developing potential therapies for managing collagen disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Allysa P Kemraj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Baifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Sonal Gahlawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Madison Godesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Haley R Warren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - David I Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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17
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Development of a collagen-like peptide polymer via end-to-end disulfide cross-linking and its application as a biomaterial. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:361-371. [PMID: 31200119 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom and has a unique triple-helical structure. It not only provides mechanical strength to tissues, but also performs specific biological functions as a multifaceted signaling molecule. Animal-derived collagen is therefore widely used as a biocompatible material in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we developed a novel peptide-based material that mimicked both the polymeric properties and a selected biological function of native collagen. This material was prepared by end-to-end multiple disulfide cross-linking of chemically synthesized triple-helical peptides. The peptide polymer showed a gel-forming property, and receptor-specific cell binding was observed in vitro by incorporating a peptide harboring an integrin α2β1-binding sequence. Furthermore, cell signaling activity and biodegradability were tunable according to the polymer contents. The results demonstrated the potential of this material as a designer collagen. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen is a useful biomaterial with the gel-forming property. It also exhibits various biological activities through the interaction of specific amino acid sequences displayed on the triple helix with functional biomacromolecules. Here we report a novel synthetic material, artificial collagen, by end-to-end cross-linking of chemically synthesized collagen-like triple-helical peptides. The material allows independent regulation of polymer properties, i.e. gel stiffness, and sequence-specific bioactivities by altering peptide compositions. This material can also be variously shaped, for example, thin films with high transparency. In addition, it has low inflamatogenic properties and tunable biodegradability in vivo.
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18
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Ai K, Jia Y, Li J, Wang C, Wang Y. Systematic analysis of multigene predictors in gastric cancer exploiting gene expression signature. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8069-8077. [PMID: 30426570 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide but could be more curable if diagnosed at an earlier stage. At present, the capability to predict the efficaciousness of molecular diagnosis for GC for each patient remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to identify tumor biomarkers through systems analysis of multigene predictors exploiting the available data resource. In this study, we investigated the top 10% overexpressed genes in GC from five data sets of the Oncomine platform, with 265 GC samples versus 174 normal gastric mucosa samples. Sixteen candidate genes were identified as predictors of GC, of which 14 genes were verified through the comparison of expression levels in specimens from normal (chronic gastritis, 21 samples) and GC groups (38 samples). In addition, unique molecular portraits of diffuse adenocarcinoma (DA), intestinal adenocarcinoma (IA), and mixed adenocarcinoma (MA) were studied through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, where DA showed higher extracellular matrix alteration while IA and MA showed higher cell-cycle alteration than other types. We also found that the elevated expressions of genes during GC progression were independent of gene mutations, and high core-binding factor subunit β expression is correlated with a high overall survival rate in GC patients. Our research may provide an efficient clinical diagnosis of GC at an early stage with high accuracy and thus help improve the overall survival rate through early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuankuan Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Yanli Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yanzhou Hospital of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Yanzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, China
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19
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Weber D, Knaak S, Hettrich K, Andrulis M, Momburg F, Quade M, Gelinsky M, Schwartz-Albiez R. Influence of Regioselectively Sulfated Cellulose on in Vitro Vascularization of Biomimetic Bone Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4228-4238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Weber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Knaak
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Strasse 74, 1307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kay Hettrich
- Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung (IAP), Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Mindaugas Andrulis
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Quade
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Strasse 74, 1307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscher Strasse 74, 1307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Chen J, Verni CC, Jouppila A, Lassila R, Diamond SL. Dual antiplatelet and anticoagulant (APAC) heparin proteoglycan mimetic with shear-dependent effects on platelet-collagen binding and thrombin generation. Thromb Res 2018; 169:143-151. [PMID: 30071479 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heparin proteoglycans (HEP-PGs) carry standard heparin-mediated anticoagulant properties as well as novel antiplatelet functions, a combination that may be significant for targeting multiple pathways in a single therapy. Recent work developing semisynthetic HEP-PG mimetics has shown promising results also in vivo, however flow conditions in vitro that replicate in vivo hemodynamics have not been reported. In this work, we present several assays (platelet calcium mobilization, aggregometry, microfluidic tests at venous and arterial hemodynamics) to characterize specific mechanistic effects of dual antiplatelet and anticoagulant (APAC) constructs as mimetics of HEP-PGs. Three APACs with different conjugation levels of heparin chains (CL10, CL18, HICL) were shown to decrease platelet deposition to collagen surfaces in PPACK-treated whole blood at venous shear rate (200 s-1). FXIIa-inhibited whole blood (CTI: corn trypsin inhibitor, 40 μg/mL) perfused over collagen/tissue factor showed reduced both platelet and fibrin deposition when treated with APACs. IC50 values for platelet and fibrin inhibition were calculated for each molecule at venous shear rate. Increasing the shear rate to arterial flows (1000 s-1) and using APAC as the sole anticoagulant, resulted in a more potent antiplatelet effect of APAC, suggesting an added effect on von Willebrand Factor (vWF) function. Additionally, APAC caused an inhibition of calcium mobilization specific to thrombin and collagen stimulation and a dose-dependent reduction in collagen-mediated platelet aggregation. Understanding the sensitivity of APAC activity to shear rate, platelet signaling and procoagulant pathways is important for applications in which APAC administration may have beneficial therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher C Verni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Annukka Jouppila
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Lassila
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, University of Helsinki, Departments of Hematology and Clinical Chemistry (HUSLAB Laboratory Services), Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Aplagon Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Banerjee J, Azevedo HS. Crafting of functional biomaterials by directed molecular self-assembly of triple helical peptide building blocks. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20160138. [PMID: 29147553 PMCID: PMC5665793 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the body and has widespread use in biomedical research, as well as in clinics. In addition to difficulties in the production of recombinant collagen due to its high non-natural imino acid content, animal-derived collagen imposes several major drawbacks-variability in composition, immunogenicity, pathogenicity and difficulty in sequence modification-that may limit its use in the practical scenario. However, in recent years, scientists have shifted their attention towards developing synthetic collagen-like materials from simple collagen model triple helical peptides to eliminate the potential drawbacks. For this purpose, it is highly desirable to develop programmable self-assembling strategies that will initiate the hierarchical self-assembly of short peptides into large-scale macromolecular assemblies with recommendable bioactivity. Herein, we tried to elaborate our understanding related to the strategies that have been adopted by few research groups to trigger self-assembly in the triple helical peptide system producing fascinating supramolecular structures. We have also touched upon the major epitopes within collagen that can be incorporated into collagen mimetic peptides for promoting bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Institute of Bioengineering, University of London, Queen Mary, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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22
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Lin C, Romero R, Sorokina LV, Ballinger KR, Place LW, Kipper MJ, Khetani SR. A polyelectrolyte multilayer platform for investigating growth factor delivery modes in human liver cultures. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:971-984. [PMID: 29139224 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) of chitosan and heparin are useful for mimicking growth factor (GF) binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) as in vivo. Here, we developed a PEM platform for delivering bound/adsorbed GFs to monocultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and PHH/non-parenchymal cell (NPC) co-cultures, which are useful for drug development and regenerative medicine. The effects of ECM protein coating (collagen I, fibronectin, and Matrigel®) and terminal PEM layer on PHH attachment/functions were determined. Then, heparin-terminated/fibronectin-coated PEMs were used to deliver varying concentrations of an adsorbed model GF, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), to PHH monocultures while using soluble TGFβ delivery via culture medium as the conventional control. Soluble TGFβ delivery caused a severe, monotonic, and sustained downregulation of all PHH functions measured (albumin and urea secretions, cytochrome-P450 2A6 and 3A4 enzyme activities), whereas adsorbed TGFβ delivery caused transient upregulation of 3 out of 4 functions. Finally, functionally stable co-cultures of PHHs and 3T3-J2 murine embryonic fibroblasts were created on the heparin-terminated/fibronectin-coated PEMs modified with adsorbed TGFβ to elucidate similarities and differences in functional response relative to the monocultures. In conclusion, chitosan-heparin PEMs constitute a robust platform for investigating the effects of GF delivery modes on PHH monocultures and PHH/NPC co-cultures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 971-984, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raimundo Romero
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lioudmila V Sorokina
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimberly R Ballinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laura W Place
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Salman R Khetani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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23
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Hoop CL, Zhu J, Nunes AM, Case DA, Baum J. Revealing Accessibility of Cryptic Protein Binding Sites within the Functional Collagen Fibril. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7040076. [PMID: 29104255 PMCID: PMC5745458 DOI: 10.3390/biom7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. Not only do they provide structural integrity to all of the connective tissues in the human body, but also their interactions with multiple cell receptors and other matrix molecules are essential to cell functions, such as growth, repair, and cell adhesion. Although specific binding sequences of several receptors have been determined along the collagen monomer, processes by which collagen binding partners recognize their binding sites in the collagen fibril, and the critical driving interactions, are poorly understood. The complex molecular assembly of bundled triple helices within the collagen fibril makes essential ligand binding sites cryptic or hidden from the molecular surface. Yet, critical biological processes that require collagen ligands to have access to interaction sites still occur. In this contribution, we will discuss the molecular packing of the collagen I fibril from the perspective of how collagen ligands access their known binding regions within the fibril, and we will present our analysis of binding site accessibility from the fibril surface. Understanding the basis of these interactions at the atomic level sets the stage for developing drug targets against debilitating collagen diseases and using collagen as drug delivery systems and new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Ana Monica Nunes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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24
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Parkin JD, San Antonio JD, Persikov AV, Dagher H, Dalgleish R, Jensen ST, Jeunemaitre X, Savige J. The collαgen III fibril has a "flexi-rod" structure of flexible sequences interspersed with rigid bioactive domains including two with hemostatic roles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175582. [PMID: 28704418 PMCID: PMC5509119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen III is critical to the integrity of blood vessels and distensible organs, and in hemostasis. Examination of the human collagen III interactome reveals a nearly identical structural arrangement and charge distribution pattern as for collagen I, with cell interaction domains, fibrillogenesis and enzyme cleavage domains, several major ligand-binding regions, and intermolecular crosslink sites at the same sites. These similarities allow heterotypic fibril formation with, and substitution by, collagen I in embryonic development and wound healing. The collagen III fibril assumes a "flexi-rod" structure with flexible zones interspersed with rod-like domains, which is consistent with the molecule's prominence in young, pliable tissues and distensible organs. Collagen III has two major hemostasis domains, with binding motifs for von Willebrand factor, α2β1 integrin, platelet binding octapeptide and glycoprotein VI, consistent with the bleeding tendency observed with COL3A1 disease-causing sequence variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Des Parkin
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James D. San Antonio
- Operations, Stryker Global Quality and Operations, Malvern, PA, United States of America
| | - Anton V. Persikov
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Carl Icahn Lab, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hayat Dagher
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond Dalgleish
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shane T. Jensen
- Wharton Business School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM U970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cite, Paris, France
| | - Judy Savige
- From the University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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An B, Chang SW, Hoop C, Baum J, Buehler MJ, Kaplan DL. Structural Insights into the Glycine Pair Motifs in Type III Collagen. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:269-278. [PMID: 33465926 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human type III collagen has been suggested to play vital roles in a series of pathophysiological conditions. Sequence analysis among major fibril-forming collagens (types I, II, and III) revealed that Gly-Gly pairs are a distinct sequence feature in type III collagen. This motif occurs more than five times as often in type III compared to type I and II collagens. We used an integrated computational modeling and biophysical approach to analyze the glycine pair motifs to understand how they govern the structure of type III collagen at the molecular level. Triple helical peptides to model the regions of type III collagen containing GG motifs were used to analyze structural and thermodynamic effects of GG incorporation into the collagen sequence. We found that when amino acids adjacent to a GG motif are charged, the collagen adopts a more flexible, random conformation. The GG motif led to altered hydrogen bond patterns and decreased global melting temperatures of the triple helical peptides. The local entropic destabilization effect of the glycine pair helps explain the difference in the flexibility between types I and III collagen fibrils. This finding reveals potential physiological roles of type III collagen in regulating the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils and may enable the design of future collagen-like materials with tunable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo An
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cody Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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26
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Carretero A, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Extracellular matrix-inspired assembly of glycosaminoglycan–collagen fibers. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3103-3106. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of fibers exclusively from the extracellular matrix components by interfacial complexation without using any crosslinking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Carretero
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
| | - D. Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
| | - I. Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
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27
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Sun C, Marcello M, Li Y, Mason D, Lévy R, Fernig DG. Selectivity in glycosaminoglycan binding dictates the distribution and diffusion of fibroblast growth factors in the pericellular matrix. Open Biol 2016; 6:150277. [PMID: 27009190 PMCID: PMC4821244 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The range of biological outcomes generated by many signalling proteins in development and homeostasis is increased by their interactions with glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparan sulfate (HS). This interaction controls the localization and movement of these signalling proteins, but whether such control depends on the specificity of the interactions is not known. We used five fibroblast growth factors with an N-terminal HaloTag (Halo-FGFs) for fluorescent labelling, with well-characterized and distinct HS-binding properties, and measured their binding and diffusion in pericellular matrix of fixed rat mammary 27 fibroblasts. Halo-FGF1, Halo-FGF2 and Halo-FGF6 bound to HS, whereas Halo-FGF10 also interacted with chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, and FGF20 did not bind detectably. The distribution of bound FGFs in the pericellular matrix was not homogeneous, and for FGF10 exhibited striking clusters. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that FGF2 and FGF6 diffused faster, whereas FGF1 diffused more slowly, and FGF10 was immobile. The results demonstrate that the specificity of the interactions of proteins with glycosaminoglycans controls their binding and diffusion. Moreover, cells regulate the spatial distribution of different protein-binding sites in glycosaminoglycans independently of each other, implying that the extracellular matrix has long-range structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Marco Marcello
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David Mason
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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28
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Collagen interactions: Drug design and delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:69-84. [PMID: 26631222 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a major component in a wide range of drug delivery systems and biomaterial applications. Its basic physical and structural properties, together with its low immunogenicity and natural turnover, are keys to its biocompatibility and effectiveness. In addition to its material properties, the collagen triple-helix interacts with a large number of molecules that trigger biological events. Collagen interactions with cell surface receptors regulate many cellular processes, while interactions with other ECM components are critical for matrix structure and remodeling. Collagen also interacts with enzymes involved in its biosynthesis and degradation, including matrix metalloproteinases. Over the past decade, much information has been gained about the nature and specificity of collagen interactions with its partners. These studies have defined collagen sequences responsible for binding and the high-resolution structures of triple-helical peptides bound to its natural binding partners. Strategies to target collagen interactions are already being developed, including the use of monoclonal antibodies to interfere with collagen fibril formation and the use of triple-helical peptides to direct liposomes to melanoma cells. The molecular information about collagen interactions will further serve as a foundation for computational studies to design small molecules that can interfere with specific interactions or target tumor cells. Intelligent control of collagen biological interactions within a material context will expand the effectiveness of collagen-based drug delivery.
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29
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Ling L, Camilleri ET, Helledie T, Samsonraj RM, Titmarsh DM, Chua RJ, Dreesen O, Dombrowski C, Rider DA, Galindo M, Lee I, Hong W, Hui JH, Nurcombe V, van Wijnen AJ, Cool SM. Effect of heparin on the biological properties and molecular signature of human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2015; 576:292-303. [PMID: 26484394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic use of heparin as an anti-coagulant for the treatment of thrombosis or embolism invokes many adverse systemic events including thrombocytopenia, vascular reactions and osteoporosis. Here, we addressed whether adverse effects might also be directed to mesenchymal stem cells that reside in the bone marrow compartment. Harvested human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to varying doses of heparin and their responses profiled. At low doses (<200 ng/ml), serial passaging with heparin exerted a variable effect on hMSC proliferation and multipotentiality across multiple donors, while at higher doses (≥ 100 μg/ml), heparin supplementation inhibited cell growth and increased both senescence and cell size. Gene expression profiling using cDNA arrays and RNA-seq analysis revealed pleiotropic effects of low-dose heparin on signaling pathways essential to hMSC growth and differentiation (including the TGFβ/BMP superfamily, FGFs, and Wnts). Cells serially passaged in low-dose heparin possess a donor-dependent gene signature that reflects their altered phenotype. Our data indicate that heparin supplementation during the culturing of hMSCs can alter their biological properties, even at low doses. This warrants caution in the application of heparin as a culture supplement for the ex vivo expansion of hMSCs. It also highlights the need for careful evaluation of the bone marrow compartment in patients receiving chronic heparin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Emily T Camilleri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Torben Helledie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rebekah M Samsonraj
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Drew M Titmarsh
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ren Jie Chua
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Oliver Dreesen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Christian Dombrowski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - David A Rider
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mario Galindo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Casilla 70061, Correo 7, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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30
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Lee J, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Chua RJE, Smith RAA, Ling L, Fernig DG, Swaminathan K, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Structural determinants of heparin-transforming growth factor-β1 interactions and their effects on signaling. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1491-504. [PMID: 26306634 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, Uniprot: P01137) is a heparin-binding protein that has been implicated in a number of physiological processes, including the initiation of chondrogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we identify the molecular features in the protein and in heparin required for binding and their effects on the potentiation of TGF-β1's activity on hMSCs. Using a proteomics "Protect and Label" approach, lysines K291, K304, K309, K315, K338, K373, K375 and K388 were identified as being directly involved in binding heparin (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002772). Competition assays in an optical biosensor demonstrated that TGF-β1 does require N- and 6-O-sulfate groups for binding but that 2-O-sulfate groups are unlikely to underpin the interaction. Heparin-derived oligosaccharides as short as degree of polymerization (dp) 4 have a weak ability to compete for TGF-β1 binding to heparin, which increases with the length of the oligosaccharide to reach a maximum between dp18 and dp24. In cell-based assays, heparin, 2-O-, 6-O- and N-desulfated re-N-acetylated heparin and oligosaccharides 14-24 saccharides (dp14-24) in length all increased the phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2) after 6 h of stimulation with TGF-β1. The results provide the structural basis for a model of heparin/heparan sulfate binding to TGF-β1 and demonstrate that the features in the polysaccharide required for binding are not identical to those required for sustaining the signaling by TGF-β1 in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lee
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456 Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138648
| | - Sheena Wee
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138673
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138673
| | - R J E Chua
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138648
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138648
| | - Ling Ling
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138648
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Victor Nurcombe
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138648 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College, Singapore, Singapore 639798
| | - Simon M Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore 138648 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 119228
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31
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Gallagher J. Fell-Muir Lecture: Heparan sulphate and the art of cell regulation: a polymer chain conducts the protein orchestra. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:203-31. [PMID: 26173450 PMCID: PMC4561558 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate (HS) sits at the interface of the cell and the extracellular matrix. It is a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of anionic polysaccharides with unique structural features designed for protein interaction and regulation. Its client proteins include soluble effectors (e.g. growth factors, morphogens, chemokines), membrane receptors and cell adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, fibrillin and various types of collagen. The protein-binding properties of HS, together with its strategic positioning in the pericellular domain, are indicative of key roles in mediating the flow of regulatory signals between cells and their microenvironment. The control of transmembrane signalling is a fundamental element in the complex biology of HS. It seems likely that, in some way, HS orchestrates diverse signalling pathways to facilitate information processing inside the cell. A dictionary definition of an orchestra is 'a large group of musicians who play together on various instruments …' to paraphrase, the HS orchestra is 'a large group of proteins that play together on various receptors'. HS conducts this orchestra to ensure that proteins hit the right notes on their receptors but, in the manner of a true conductor, does it also set 'the musical pulse' and create rhythm and harmony attractive to the cell? This is too big a question to answer but fun to think about as you read this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gallagher
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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32
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Intramuscular delivery of 3D aggregates of HUVECs and cbMSCs for cellular cardiomyoplasty in rats with myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2013; 172:419-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Koide T. [Collagen-like triple helical peptides: applications in drug development and regenerative medicine]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:387-92. [PMID: 23449419 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen family proteins are the predominant components of extracellular matrices existing in all multicellular animals. They provide mechanical strength to tissues, and maintain structural integrity of organs. Also, collagens regulate various biological events, including cell attachment, migration, tissue regeneration and animal development. The specific functions of collagens are generally elicited by interactions of collagen-binding molecules (membrane receptors, soluble factors and other matrix components) with certain amino acid sequences displayed on the collagen triple helices. To date, numbers of functional sequences have been identified from the triple helical domains. Collagen is also acknowledged as one of useful biomaterials in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this review, I summarize challenges made for the development of safer and highly-functional collagen surrogates by means of self-assembly of synthetic collagen-like peptides. I also describe other possible applications of collagen-like peptides in drug delivery focusing on the particular biophysical properties of the triple helical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Koide
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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34
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Endotoxins affect bioactivity of chitosan derivatives in cultures of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4771-8. [PMID: 22947323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials research has been expanding over the last decade, in part to provide improved medical devices for the treatment of orthopedic tissue injuries. In the quest to provide the best performance combined with low cost for medical implants, an increasing number of non-chemists have entered the field of biomaterials research without the profound knowledge of chemistry needed to understand the complex interaction mechanisms and characteristics of natural substances. Likewise, non-biologists often lack understanding when it comes to the presence of the contaminating biota frequently found in natural substances. This lack of knowledge by researchers in the field, combined with sensitive in vitro cell-based assays, can lead to inaccurate evaluation of biomaterials. Hence, there should be both an active effort to assemble multi-disciplinary teams and a genuine concern for the possible effects of contamination on in vitro assays. Here, we show that the presence of bacterial endotoxins in chitosan derivatives can result in false-positive results, profoundly altering product performance in in vitro assays. False-positive results through uncritical use of natural substances in vitro can be avoided by proper endotoxin testing and careful evaluation of cytokine secretion patterns.
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35
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Sun L, Parker ST, Syoji D, Wang X, Lewis JA, Kaplan DL. Direct-write assembly of 3D silk/hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone co-cultures. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184824 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3D silk/HA microperiodic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and angiogenesis are fabricated by direct-write assembly. This approach can be used to control filament and spacing size in the scaffold to allow investigation of the effect of scaffold architecture on osteogenesis and vessel-like structure formation from stem cells and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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36
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Chao Y, Makale M, Karmali PP, Sharikov Y, Tsigelny I, Merkulov S, Kesari S, Wrasidlo W, Ruoslahti E, Simberg D. Recognition of dextran-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle conjugates (Feridex) via macrophage scavenger receptor charged domains. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1003-9. [PMID: 22515422 DOI: 10.1021/bc200685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (dextran-SPIO conjugates) offer the attractive possibility of enhancing MRI imaging sensitivity so that small or diffuse lesions can be detected. However, systemically injected SPIOs are rapidly removed by macrophages. We engineered embryonic cells (HEK293T) to express major macrophage scavenger receptor (SR) subtypes including SR-AI, MARCO, and endothelial receptor collectin-12. These SRs possess a positively charged collagen-like (CL) domain and they promoted SPIO uptake, while the charge neutral lipoprotein receptor SR-BI did not. In silico modeling indicated a positive net charge on the CL domain and a net negative charge on the cysteine-rich (CR) domain of MARCO and SR-AI. In vitro experiments revealed that CR domain deletion in SR-AI boosted uptake of SPIO 3-fold, while deletion of MARCO's CR domain abolished this uptake. These data suggest that future studies might productively focus on the validation and further exploration of SR charge fields in SPIO recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chao
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, ‡Department of Neurosciences, and ⊥San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California, United States
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37
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for all stages of angiogenesis. In the adult, angiogenesis begins with endothelial cell (EC) activation, degradation of vascular basement membrane, and vascular sprouting within interstitial matrix. During this sprouting phase, ECM binding to integrins provides critical signaling support for EC proliferation, survival, and migration. ECM also signals the EC cytoskeleton to initiate blood vessel morphogenesis. Dynamic remodeling of ECM, particularly by membrane-type matrix metalloproteases (MT-MMPs), coordinates formation of vascular tubes with lumens and provides guidance tunnels for pericytes that assist ECs in the assembly of vascular basement membrane. ECM also provides a binding scaffold for a variety of cytokines that exert essential signaling functions during angiogenesis. In the embryo, ECM is equally critical for angiogenesis and vessel stabilization, although there are likely important distinctions from the adult because of differences in composition and abundance of specific ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Senger
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Montagnani C, Marie B, Marin F, Belliard C, Riquet F, Tayalé A, Zanella-Cléon I, Fleury E, Gueguen Y, Piquemal D, Cochennec-Laureau N. Pmarg-pearlin is a matrix protein involved in nacre framework formation in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2033-43. [PMID: 21796751 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The shell of pearl oysters is organized in multiple layers of CaCO(3) crystallites packed together in an organic matrix. Relationships between the components of the organic matrix and mechanisms of nacre formation currently constitute the main focus of research into biomineralization. In this study, we characterized the pearlin protein from the oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Pmarg); this shares structural features with other members of a matrix protein family, N14/N16/pearlin. Pmarg pearlin exhibits calcium- and chitin-binding properties. Pmarg pearlin transcripts are distinctively localized in the mineralizing tissue responsible for nacre formation. More specifically, we demonstrate that Pmarg pearlin is localized within the interlamellar matrix of nacre aragonite tablets. Our results support recent models for multidomain matrix protein involvement in nacreous layer formation. We provide evidence here for the existence of a conserved family of nacre-associated proteins in Pteriidae, and reassess the evolutionarily conserved set of biomineralization genes related to nacre formation in this taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montagnani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologie et Qualité de la Perle, Ifremer, Centre Océanologique du Pacifique, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
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Isolation, characterization and biological evaluation of jellyfish collagen for use in biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:967-983. [PMID: 21747742 PMCID: PMC3131555 DOI: 10.3390/md9060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are the more abundant extracellular proteins. They form a metazoan-specific family, and are highly conserved from sponge to human. Their structural and physiological properties have been successfully used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, the increase of jellyfish has led us to consider this marine animal as a natural product for food and medicine. Here, we have tested different Mediterranean jellyfish species in order to investigate the economic potential of their collagens. We have studied different methods of collagen purification (tissues and experimental procedures). The best collagen yield was obtained using Rhizostoma pulmo oral arms and the pepsin extraction method (2–10 mg collagen/g of wet tissue). Although a significant yield was obtained with Cotylorhiza tuberculata (0.45 mg/g), R. pulmo was used for further experiments, this jellyfish being considered as harmless to humans and being an abundant source of material. Then, we compared the biological properties of R. pulmo collagen with mammalian fibrillar collagens in cell cytotoxicity assays and cell adhesion. There was no statistical difference in cytotoxicity (p > 0.05) between R. pulmo collagen and rat type I collagen. However, since heparin inhibits cell adhesion to jellyfish-native collagen by 55%, the main difference is that heparan sulfate proteoglycans could be preferentially involved in fibroblast and osteoblast adhesion to jellyfish collagens. Our data confirm the broad harmlessness of jellyfish collagens, and their biological effect on human cells that are similar to that of mammalian type I collagen. Given the bioavailability of jellyfish collagen and its biological properties, this marine material is thus a good candidate for replacing bovine or human collagens in selected biomedical applications.
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40
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Sekiya A, Okano-Kosugi H, Yamazaki CM, Koide T. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) shares binding sites in collagen with heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:26364-74. [PMID: 21652703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.252684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a collagen-binding protein that is abundantly distributed in various tissues, including the eye. It exhibits various biological functions, such as anti-angiogenic, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective activities. PEDF also interacts with extracellular matrix components such as collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and hyaluronan. The collagen-binding property has been elucidated to be important for the anti-angiogenic activity in vivo (Hosomichi, J., Yasui, N., Koide, T., Soma, K., and Morita, I. (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 335, 756-761). Here, we investigated the collagen recognition mechanism by PEDF. We first narrowed down candidate PEDF-binding sequences by taking advantage of previously reported structural requirements in collagen. Subsequent searches for PEDF-binding sequences employing synthetic collagen-like peptides resulted in the identification of one of the critical binding sites for PEDF, human α1(I)(929-938) (IKGHRGFSGL). Further analysis revealed that the collagen recognition by PEDF is sequence- and conformation-specific, and the high affinity binding motif is KGXRGFXGL in the triple helix. The PEDF-binding motif significantly overlapped with the heparin/HSPG-binding motif, KGHRG(F/Y). The interaction of PEDF with collagen I was specifically competed with by heparin but not by chondroitin sulfate-C or hyaluronan. The binding sequences for PEDF and heparin/HSPG also overlapped with the covalent cross-linking sites between collagen molecules. These findings imply a functional relationship between PEDF and HSPGs during angiogenesis, and the interaction of these molecules is regulated by collagen modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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41
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Sun Z, Wei Z, Chen J, Wei K. Carbohydrate Coated Polymer Particles: Preparation and Protein-binding Studies. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Orgel JPRO, San Antonio JD, Antipova O. Molecular and structural mapping of collagen fibril interactions. Connect Tissue Res 2011; 52:2-17. [PMID: 21182410 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2010.511353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The fibrous collagens form the structural basis of all mammalian connective tissues, including the vasculature, dermis, bones, tendons, cartilage, and those tissues that support organs such as the heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs. The helical structure of collagen has been extensively studied but in addition to its helical character, its molecular packing arrangement (in its aggregated or fibrillar form) and the presence of specific amino acid sequences govern collagen's in vivo functions. Collagen's molecular packing arrangement helps control cellular communication, attachment and movement, and conveys its tissue-specific biomechanical properties. Recent progress in understanding collagen's molecular packing, fibrillar structure, domain organization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in light of X-ray fiber diffraction data provides significant new insights into how the ECM is organized and functions. In this review, the hierarchy of fibrillar collagen structure is discussed in the context of how this organization affects ECM-"ligand" interactions, with specific attention to collagenolysis, integrins, fibronection, glycoprotein VI receptor (GPVI), and proteoglycans (PG). Understanding the complex structure of collagen and its attached ligands should provide new insights into tissue growth, development, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P R O Orgel
- Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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43
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Simper D, Mayr U, Urbich C, Zampetaki A, Prokopi M, Didangelos A, Saje A, Mueller M, Benbow U, Newby AC, Apweiler R, Rahman S, Dimmeler S, Xu Q, Mayr M. Comparative Proteomics Profiling Reveals Role of Smooth Muscle Progenitors in Extracellular Matrix Production. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1325-32. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.204651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Simper
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Ursula Mayr
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Carmen Urbich
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Angelika Saje
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Michael Mueller
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Ulrike Benbow
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Andrew C. Newby
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Rolf Apweiler
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Salman Rahman
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.S.), Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Ariz; the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (D.S.), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe; King’s British Heart Foundation Centre (U.M., A.Z., M.P., A.D., A.S., S.R., Q.X., and M.M.), King’s College London, London, England; Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III (C.U. and S.D.), University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; European Molecular Biology
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44
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Chen S, Wassenhove-McCarthy D, Yamaguchi Y, Holzman L, van Kuppevelt TH, Orr AW, Funk S, Woods A, McCarthy K. Podocytes require the engagement of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans for adhesion to extracellular matrices. Kidney Int 2010; 78:1088-99. [PMID: 20463653 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes adhere to the glomerular basement membrane by cell surface receptors. Since in other cells these adhesions are enhanced by cell surface proteoglycans, we examined the contribution of these molecules and their glycosaminoglycan side chains to podocyte adhesion by developing immortalized podocyte cell lines with (control) or without (mutant) heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. In adhesion assays control podocytes attached, spread, and migrated more efficiently compared with mutants, indicating a requirement for heparan sulfate chains in these processes. The proteoglycan syndecan-4 is known to have direct effects on cell attachment, spreading, and cytoskeletal organization. We found it localized to focal adhesions in control podocytes coincident with stress fiber formation. In mutant cells, syndecan-4 was associated with smaller focal contacts and cortical actin organization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that mutant cells had twice the amount of surface syndecan-4 of control cells. Protein kinase Cα, a signaling molecule bound to and activated by syndecan-4, showed a fourfold increase in membrane localization-activation than that seen in control cells. In vivo, the loss of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in PEXTKO mice led to a loss of glomerular syndecan-4. Overall, our study provides further evidence for a dynamic role of cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in podocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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45
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Abstract
Triple-helical peptides (THPs) have been utilized as collagen models since the 1960s. The original focus for THP-based research was to unravel the structural determinants of collagen. In the last two decades, virtually all aspects of collagen structural biochemistry have been explored with THP models. More specifically, secondary amino acid analogs have been incorporated into THPs to more fully understand the forces that stabilize triple-helical structure. Heterotrimeric THPs have been utilized to better appreciate the contributions of chain sequence diversity on collagen function. The role of collagen as a cell signaling protein has been dissected using THPs that represent ligands for specific receptors. The mechanisms of collagenolysis have been investigated using THP substrates and inhibitors. Finally, THPs have been developed for biomaterial applications. These aspects of THP-based research are overviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg B Fields
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Biochemistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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46
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De Cock LJ, De Koker S, De Vos F, Vervaet C, Remon JP, De Geest BG. Layer-by-Layer Incorporation of Growth Factors in Decellularized Aortic Heart Valve Leaflets. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1002-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9014649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth J. De Cock
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Molecular Biomedical Research, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium, and Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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47
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Yamazaki CM, Kadoya Y, Hozumi K, Okano-Kosugi H, Asada S, Kitagawa K, Nomizu M, Koide T. A collagen-mimetic triple helical supramolecule that evokes integrin-dependent cell responses. Biomaterials 2009; 31:1925-34. [PMID: 19853297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is an abundantly distributed extracellular matrix protein in mammalian bodies that maintains structural integrity of the organs and tissues. Besides its function as a structural protein, collagen has various biological functions which regulate cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. In order to develop totally synthetic collagen-surrogates, we recently reported a basic concept for preparing collagen-like triple helical supramolecules based on the self-assembly of staggered trimeric peptides with self-complementary shapes. In this paper, we add one of the specific cellular functions of the native collagen to the collagen-mimetic supramolecule. We synthesized a self-assembling peptide unit containing the integrin-binding sequence Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly-Glu-Arg. The supramolecule carrying the sequence exhibited significant binding activity to human dermal fibroblasts. The supramolecular structure was found to be essential for function in in vitro cell culture. Cell adhesion was shown to be comparable to that of native collagen, and was further demonstrated to be mediated solely by integrin alpha 2 beta 1. Well-grown focal contacts and stress fibers were observed in cells spread on the supramolecular collagen-mimetic. The results demonstrate the potential of peptide-based artificial collagen as a biomaterial for regulating specific cellular function and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato M Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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48
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Osterholm C, Barczyk MM, Busse M, Grønning M, Reed RK, Kusche-Gullberg M. Mutation in the heparan sulfate biosynthesis enzyme EXT1 influences growth factor signaling and fibroblast interactions with the extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:34935-43. [PMID: 19850926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.005264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) chains bind and modulate the signaling efficiency of many ligands, including members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor families. We previously reported the structure of HS synthesized by embryonic fibroblasts from mice with a gene trap mutation of Ext1 that encodes a glycosyltransferase involved in HS chain elongation. The gene trap mutation results in low expression of Ext1, and, as a consequence, HS chain length is substantially reduced. In the present study, Ext1 mutant and wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts were analyzed for the functional consequences of the Ext1 mutation for growth factor signaling and interaction with the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in response to FGF2 stimulation was markedly decreased in the Ext1 mutant fibroblasts, whereas neither PDGF-BB nor FGF10 signaling was significantly affected. Furthermore, Ext1 mutants displayed reduced ability to attach to collagen I and to contract collagen lattices, even though no differences in the expression of collagen-binding integrins were observed. Reintroduction of Ext1in the Ext1 mutant fibroblasts rescued HS chain length, FGF2 signaling, and the ability of the fibroblasts to contract collagen. These data suggest that the length of the HS chains is a critical determinant of HS-protein interactions and emphasize the essential role of EXT1 in providing specific binding sites for growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Osterholm
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway
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49
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Kumarasuriyar A, Lee I, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. De-sulfation of MG-63 cell glycosaminoglycans delays in vitro osteogenesis, up-regulates cholesterol synthesis and disrupts cell cycle and the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:572-83. [PMID: 19142873 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugars are largely responsible for the bioactivity of the proteoglycan proteins they decorate, and are particularly important for mediating the processes of cell attachment and growth factor signaling. Here, we show that chlorate-induced de-sulfation of GAGs expressed by MG-63 osteosarcoma cells results in delayed cell proliferation when the cells are exposed to chlorate for short or medium periods, but a disrupted mineralization without altered cell proliferation in response to long-term chlorate exposure. Analysis of GAG-binding growth factor activity indicated that chlorate disrupted BMP2/noggin signaling, but not FGF2 activity. Microarray analyses, which were confirmed by subsequent cell-based assays, indicated that chlorate predominantly disrupted the cell cycle and actin cytoskeleton and upregulated cholesterol synthesis, without affecting cell migration or attachment. Furthermore, we observed that disruption of the functions of the proteoglycan syndecan-4 replicated phenotypes induced by chlorate, implicating a primary role for this proteoglycan in providing bioactivity for these cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 572-583, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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50
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Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. This fibrous, structural protein comprises a right-handed bundle of three parallel, left-handed polyproline II-type helices. Much progress has been made in elucidating the structure of collagen triple helices and the physicochemical basis for their stability. New evidence demonstrates that stereoelectronic effects and preorganization play a key role in that stability. The fibrillar structure of type I collagen-the prototypical collagen fibril-has been revealed in detail. Artificial collagen fibrils that display some properties of natural collagen fibrils are now accessible using chemical synthesis and self-assembly. A rapidly emerging understanding of the mechanical and structural properties of native collagen fibrils will guide further development of artificial collagenous materials for biomedicine and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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