1
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Czarnowska E, Ratajska A, Jankowska-Steifer E, Flaht-Zabost A, Niderla-Bielińska J. Extracellular matrix molecules associated with lymphatic vessels in health and disease. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:13-34. [PMID: 37350542 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels (LyVs), responsible for fluid, solute, and immune cell homeostasis in the body, are closely associated with the adjacent extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules whose structural and functional impact on LyVs is currently more appreciated, albeit not entirely elucidated. These molecules, serving as a platform for various connective tissue cell activities and affecting LyV biology should be considered also as an integral part of the lymphatic system. Any alterations and changes in ECM molecules over the course of disease impair the function and structure of the LyV network. Remodeling of LyV cells, which are components of lymphatic vessel walls, also triggers alterations in ECM molecules and interstitial tissue composition. Therefore, in this review we aimed to present the current knowledge on ECM in tissues and particularly on molecules surrounding lymphatics in normal conditions and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Ghannam SF, Rutland CS, Allegrucci C, Mongan NP, Rakha E. Defining invasion in breast cancer: the role of basement membrane. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:11-18. [PMID: 36253088 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) is an amorphous, sheet-like structure separating the epithelium from the stroma. BM is characterised by a complex structure comprising collagenous and non-collagenous proteoglycans and glycoproteins. In the breast, the thickness, density and composition of the BM around the ductal lobular system vary during differing development stages. In pathological conditions, the BM provides a physical barrier that separates proliferating intraductal epithelial cells from the surrounding stroma, and its absence or breach in malignant lesions is a hallmark of invasion and metastases. Currently, diagnostic services often use special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify the BM in order to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions. However, distinguishing BM on stained sections, and differentiating the native BM from the reactive capsule or BM-like material surrounding some invasive malignant breast tumours is challenging. Although diagnostic use of the BM is being replaced by myoepithelial cell IHC markers, BM is considered by many to be a useful marker to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions in ambiguous cases. In this review, the structure, function and biological and clinical significance of the BM are discussed in relation to the various breast lesions with emphasis on how to distinguish the native BM from alternative pathological tissue mimicking its histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan F Ghannam
- Division of cancer and stem cells, school of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emad Rakha
- Division of cancer and stem cells, school of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology,school of Medicine, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Mak KM, Kee D, Cheng CP. A review of hepatic fibrosis-associated histopathology in aged cadavers. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1031-1053. [PMID: 35446463 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews hepatic fibrosis-associated histopathology of aged cadavers (mean age 82 years). A study of 68 livers identified steatosis in 35.5%, central vein fibrosis in 49.2%, perisinusoidal fibrosis in 63.2%, portal tract fibrosis in 47.7%, septa formation in 44.1%, bridging fibrosis in 30.8%, and cirrhosis in 4.4% of the samples as well as one hepatocellular carcinoma and six metastatic tumors. Other studies have revealed that collagens I, III, IV, V, and VI and fibronectin constitute the matrices of fibrous central veins, perisinusoidal space, portal tracts, and septa. Elastin is rich in portal tracts and fibrous septa but absent from the perisinusoidal space. Hepatic stellate cells are ubiquitous in the liver parenchyma while myofibroblasts localize in fibrotic foci. Factor VIII-related antigen expression signals sinusoidal to systemic vascular endothelium transformation while collagen IV and laminin codistribution indicates formation of perisinusoidal membranes. Their coincidence reflects focalized capillarization of sinusoids in the aged liver. In response to fibrogenesis, hepatic progenitor cells residing in the canal of Hering in the periportal parenchyma undergo expansion and migration deep into the lobule. Concomitantly, intermediate hepatocyte-like cells increase in advanced fibrosis stages, which is possibly related to hepatic regeneration. Metabolic zonation of glutamine synthetase expands from the perivenous to non-perivenous parenchyma in fibrosis progression but its expression is lost in cirrhosis, while cytochrome P-4502E1 expression is maintained in centrilobular and midlobular zones in fibrosis progression and expressed in cirrhosis. Hence, cadaveric livers provide a platform for further investigation of hepatic histopathologies associated with the aging liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki M Mak
- Department of Medical Education, Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dustin Kee
- Department of Medical Education, Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher P Cheng
- Department of Medical Education, Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Oldak L, Lukaszewski Z, Gorodkiewicz E. Studies of interactions between fibronectin and a specific antibody against fibronectin using SPRi and QCM. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Lu J, Doyle AD, Shinsato Y, Wang S, Bodendorfer MA, Zheng M, Yamada KM. Basement Membrane Regulates Fibronectin Organization Using Sliding Focal Adhesions Driven by a Contractile Winch. Dev Cell 2020; 52:631-646.e4. [PMID: 32004443 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered that basement membrane and its major components can induce rapid, strikingly robust fibronectin organization. In this new matrix assembly mechanism, α5β1 integrin-based focal adhesions slide actively on the underlying matrix toward the ventral cell center through the dynamic shortening of myosin IIA-associated actin stress fibers to drive rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis distal to the adhesion. This mechanism contrasts with classical fibronectin assembly based on stable or fixed-position focal adhesions containing αVβ3 integrins plus α5β1 integrin translocation into proximal fibrillar adhesions. On basement membrane components, these sliding focal adhesions contain standard focal adhesion constituents but completely lack classical αVβ3 integrins. Instead, peripheral α3β1 or α2β1 adhesions mediate initial cell attachment but over time are switched to α5β1 integrin-based sliding focal adhesions to assemble fibronectin matrix. This basement-membrane-triggered mechanism produces rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis, providing a mechanistic explanation for the well-known widespread accumulation of fibronectin at many organ basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Lu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshinari Shinsato
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Molly A Bodendorfer
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Viji Babu PK, Rianna C, Mirastschijski U, Radmacher M. Nano-mechanical mapping of interdependent cell and ECM mechanics by AFM force spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12317. [PMID: 31444369 PMCID: PMC6707266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM), as a dynamic component of the tissue, influences cell behavior and plays an important role in cell mechanics and tissue homeostasis. Reciprocally, this three-dimensional scaffold is dynamically, structurally and mechanically modified by cells. In the field of biophysics, the independent role of cell and ECM mechanics has been largely investigated; however, there is a lack of experimental data reporting the interdependent interplay between cell and ECM mechanics, measured simultaneously. Here, using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) we have characterized five different decellularized matrices diverse in their topography, ECM composition and stiffness and cultured them with normal and pathological fibroblasts (scar and Dupuytren's). We investigated the change in topography and elasticity of these matrices due to cell seeding, by using AFM peak force imaging and mechanical mapping, respectively. We found normal fibroblasts soften these matrices more than pathological fibroblasts, suggesting that pathological fibroblasts are profoundly influencing tissue stiffening in fibrosis. We detected different ECM composition of decellularized matrices used here influences fibroblast stiffness, thus highlighting that cell mechanics not only depends on ECM stiffness but also on their composition. We used confocal microscopy to assess fibroblasts invasion and found pathological fibroblasts were invading the matrices deeper than normal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmela Rianna
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ursula Mirastschijski
- Wound Repair Unit, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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7
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Rousselle P, Montmasson M, Garnier C. Extracellular matrix contribution to skin wound re-epithelialization. Matrix Biol 2018; 75-76:12-26. [PMID: 29330022 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of skin to act as a barrier is primarily determined by cells that maintain the continuity and integrity of skin and restore it after injury. Cutaneous wound healing in adult mammals is a complex multi-step process that involves overlapping stages of blood clot formation, inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, neovascularization, and remodeling. Under favorable conditions, epidermal regeneration begins within hours after injury and takes several days until the epithelial surface is intact due to reorganization of the basement membrane. Regeneration relies on numerous signaling cues and on multiple cellular processes that take place both within the epidermis and in other participating tissues. A variety of modulators are involved, including growth factors, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, cellular receptors, and extracellular matrix components. Here we focus on the involvement of the extracellular matrix proteins that impact epidermal regeneration during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France.
| | - Marine Montmasson
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France
| | - Cécile Garnier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France
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8
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Sankiewicz A, Romanowicz L, Pyc M, Hermanowicz A, Gorodkiewicz E. SPR imaging biosensor for the quantitation of fibronectin concentration in blood samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 150:1-8. [PMID: 29202303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was presentation of a new biosensor capable of determination of fibronectin. This biosensor was based on the specific interaction of anti-fibronectin antibody produced in rabbit with fibronectin. The surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) technique was used as a detecting method. Optimization and characterization properties of the biosensor were studied. The determination of fibronectin concentration in natural samples was done. The results were compared with a reference method (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-ELISA). The analytically useful dynamic response range of biosensor is between 5 and 400ngmL-1. The detection limit is 1.5ngmL-1 and limit quantification is 5ngmL-1. The proposed SPRI biosensor showed good selectivity for potential interferences. It was applied to determine fibronectin concentrations in plasma of healthy donors and of patients after thermal injury. Good correlations between results obtained using the SPRI biosensor and ELISA test (correlation coefficients for healthy donors 0.996, for patients 0.984) were obtained. The average fibronectin concentration of healthy donors was 140.5±24.6μgmL -1 and the average fibronectin concentration of patients was 601.5±72.1μgmL -1, which was in agreement with results obtained by other investigators. The obtained results indicate that the developed biosensor may be a candidate for monitoring fibronectin concentration in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sankiewicz
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Lech Romanowicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marlena Pyc
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
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9
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Analysis of Soluble Molecular Fibronectin-Fibrin Complexes and EDA-Fibronectin Concentration in Plasma of Patients with Atherosclerosis. Inflammation 2017; 39:1059-68. [PMID: 27022744 PMCID: PMC4883272 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular disease, leads to molecular events bound with interplaying processes of inflammation and coagulation. In the present study, fibronectin (FN), FN containing extra domain A (EDA-FN), frequency of occurrence, and relative amounts of soluble plasma FN-fibrin complexes were analyzed in 80 plasma samples of patients suspected of coronary artery disease based on clinical evaluation and changes in arteries found by computed tomographic coronary angiography. The study showed that in the plasma of the patients’ group with high risk of coronary artery disease EDA-FN concentration was significantly higher (3.5 ± 2.5 mg/L; P < 0.025) and the molecular FN-fibrin complexes of 1000 kDa and higher occurred more often than in the groups of patients with mild risk of coronary artery disease and the normal age-matched. The increased level of EDA-FN and occurrence of FN-fibrin complexes could have a potential diagnostic value in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronary artery disease.
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10
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Mak KM, Mei R. Basement Membrane Type IV Collagen and Laminin: An Overview of Their Biology and Value as Fibrosis Biomarkers of Liver Disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1371-1390. [PMID: 28187500 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes provide structural support to epithelium, endothelium, muscles, fat cells, Schwann cells, and axons. Basement membranes are multifunctional: they modulate cellular behavior, regulate organogenesis, promote tissue repair, form a barrier to filtration and tumor metastasis, bind growth factors, and mediate angiogenesis. All basement membranes contain type IV collagen (Col IV), laminin, nidogen, and perlecan. Col IV and laminin self-assemble into two independent supramolecular networks that are linked to nidogen and perlecan to form a morphological discernable basement membrane/basal lamina. The triple helical region, 7S domain and NCI domain of Col IV, laminin and laminin fragment P1 have been evaluated as noninvasive fibrosis biomarkers of alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Elevated serum Col IV and laminin are related to degrees of fibrosis and severity of hepatitis, and may reflect hepatic basement membrane metabolism. But the serum assays have not been linked to disclosing the anatomical sites and lobular distribution of perisinusoidal basement membrane formation in the liver. Hepatic sinusoids normally lack a basement membrane, although Col IV is a normal matrix component of the space of Disse. In liver disease, laminin deposits in the space of Disse and codistributes with Col IV, forming a perisinusoidal basement membrane. Concomitantly, the sinusoidal endothelium loses its fenestrae and is transformed into vascular type endothelium. These changes lead to capillarization of hepatic sinusoids, a significant pathology that impairs hepatic function. Accordingly, codistribution of Col IV and laminin serves as histochemical marker of perisinusoidal basement membrane formation in liver disease. Anat Rec, 300:1371-1390, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki M Mak
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rena Mei
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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11
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Anderson CR, Abecunas C, Warrener M, Laschewsky A, Wischerhoff E. Effects of Methacrylate-Based Thermoresponsive Polymer Brush Composition on Fibroblast Adhesion and Morphology. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:75-88. [PMID: 31719850 PMCID: PMC6811809 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers are being used increasingly in cell culture applications due to their temperature dependent surface properties. Poly(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA) (PMO) brushes offer tunable physical properties via variation in the copolymer ratio, but the effects of composition on cell-substrate interactions is unclear. To this end, a series of PMO brushes (0-8% OEGMA) was fabricated and L-929 fibroblast adhesion and morphology was quantified in the presence of serum (FBS) or after functionalization via the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN). Quantification of the adsorption of model proteins, bovine serum albumin and FN, revealed that the extent of adsorption was correlated to the amount MEO2MA content, which represents the more hydrophobic component in PMO brushes. Cells exhibited delayed attachment and spreading on all PMO substrates in the presence of FBS. After 24 h, cell attachment was comparable; however, increased spreading was correlated with increased MEO2MA content. Adsorption of FN significantly increased initial cell attachment to all PMO surfaces after 2 h. This was not observed with VN; however, both FN and VN increased cell spreading/decreased cell circularity for all PMO substrates relative to FBS. Pure MEO2MA brushes with FN exhibited increased cell spreading/decreased cell circularity relative to other PMO substrates after 2 h, and elicited the highest cell density after 24 h. These results demonstrate that increased MEO2MA content in PMO substrates facilitates cell attachment and spreading, which can be further enhanced by adsorbing FN in the absence of other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - Cara Abecunas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - Matthew Warrener
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Acopian Engineering Center, Lafayette College, 740 High Street, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - André Laschewsky
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Erik Wischerhoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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12
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Wang K, Wu F, Seo BR, Fischbach C, Chen W, Hsu L, Gourdon D. Breast cancer cells alter the dynamics of stromal fibronectin-collagen interactions. Matrix Biol 2016; 60-61:86-95. [PMID: 27503584 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells recruit surrounding stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), to remodel their extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote invasive tumor growth. Two major ECM components, fibronectin (Fn) and collagen I (Col I), are known to interact with each other to regulate cellular behavior. In this study, we seek to understand how Fn and Col I interplay and promote a dysregulated signaling pathway to facilitate tumor progression. Specifically, we investigated the evolution of tumor-conditioned stromal ECM composition, structure, and relaxation. Furthermore, we assessed how evolving Fn-Col I interactions gradually affected pro-angiogenic signaling. Our data first indicate that CAFs initially assembled a strained, viscous, and unfolded Fn matrix. This early altered Fn matrix was later remodeled into a thick Col I-rich matrix that was characteristic of a dense tumor mass. Next, our results suggest that this ECM remodeling was primarily mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This MMP activity caused profound structural and mechanical changes in the developing ECM, which then modified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by CAFs and matrix sequestration. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which Fn and Col I synergistically interplay in promoting a sustained altered signaling cascade to remodel the breast tumor stroma for invasive breast tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
| | - Weisi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
| | - Lauren Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA; Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Control of fibrotic changes through the synergistic effects of anti-fibronectin antibody and an RGDS-tagged form of the same antibody. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30872. [PMID: 27484779 PMCID: PMC4971484 DOI: 10.1038/srep30872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β and myofibroblasts play a key role in fibrosis, characterized by aberrant synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as fibronectin (Fn) and collagen type I. There are two major roles played by integrins in the fibrotic pathology: (i) Fn-integrin interaction, coupled with cytokines like TGF-β, facilitates the self-polymerization of Fn and regulates cell-matrix fibrillar adhesions, thereby promoting fibrillogenesis; (ii) Integrin interaction with an RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic) consensus sequence in the latent TGF-β, resulting in its activation. This study describes an anti-fibrotic strategy using a combination of two antibodies: Fn52 (targeted against the N-terminal 30 kDa region of fibronectin, a major site for Fn self-association), and its engineered form, Fn52RGDS (which binds to integrins). Interestingly, a synergistic effect of the cocktail in causing a decline in fibrotic features was confirmed in the context of fibrotic posterior capsular opacification (PCO), mediated by the lens epithelial cells (left behind after cataract surgery). Inclusion of Fn52RGDS to Fn52 aids in better diffusion of the antibodies; such combination therapies could be useful in the context of pathologies involving extensive remodeling of the fibronectin matrix, where the thick ECM offers a major challenge for efficient drug delivery.
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14
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Lai TS, Lin CJ, Greenberg CS. Role of tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-mediated aminylation in biological processes. Amino Acids 2016; 49:501-515. [PMID: 27270573 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is an important mechanism in modulating a protein's structure and can lead to substantial diversity in biological function. Compared to other forms of PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, the physiological significance of aminylation is limited. Aminylation refers to the covalent incorporation of biogenic/polyamines into target protein by calcium-dependent transglutaminases (TGs). The development of novel and more sensitive techniques has led to more proteins identified as tissue transglutaminase (TG2) substrates and potential targets for aminylation. Many of these substrate proteins play a role in cell signaling, cytoskeleton organization, muscle contraction, and inflammation. TG2 is well studied and widely expressed in a variety of tissues and will be the primary focus of this review on recent advance in transglutaminase-mediated aminylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thung-S Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Jhong-Jheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 25200, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Nephrology/Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Nursing and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Charles S Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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15
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Li Q, Zhang T, Pan Y, Ciacchi LC, Xu B, Wei G. AFM-based force spectroscopy for bioimaging and biosensing. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AFM-based force spectroscopy shows wide bio-related applications especially for bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Tong Zhang
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Altens
- USA
| | - Yangang Pan
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Altens
- USA
| | - Lucio Colombi Ciacchi
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Altens
- USA
| | - Gang Wei
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group
- Faculty of Production Engineering
- University of Bremen
- D-28359 Bremen
- Germany
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16
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Wang K, Seo BR, Fischbach C, Gourdon D. Fibronectin Mechanobiology Regulates Tumorigenesis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26900407 PMCID: PMC4746220 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) is an essential extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein involved in both physiological and pathological processes. The structure–function relationship of Fn has been and is still being studied, as changes in its molecular structure are integral in regulating (or dysregulating) its biological activities via its cell, matrix component, and growth factor binding sites. Fn comprises three types of repeating modules; among them, FnIII modules are mechanically unstable domains that may be extended/unfolded upon cell traction and either uncover cryptic binding sites or disrupt otherwise exposed binding sites. Cells assemble Fn into a fibrillar network; its conformational flexibility implicates Fn as a critical mechanoregulator of the ECM. Fn has been shown to contribute to altered stroma remodeling during tumorigenesis. This review will discuss (i) the significance of the structure–function relationship of Fn at both the molecular and the matrix scales, (ii) the role of Fn mechanobiology in the regulation of tumorigenesis, and (iii) Fn-related advances in cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 327 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA ; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 327 Bard Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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18
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Tang Q, Li L, Jin C, Lee JM, Jung HS. Role of region-distinctive expression of Rac1 in regulating fibronectin arrangement during palatal shelf elevation. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:857-68. [PMID: 25843690 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Palatal shelf elevation is a crucial process in palate development, with the contribution of various factors. Disturbances in any factor during this process result in cleft palate. Prior to palatal shelf elevation starting from embryonic day 12.5, the Rac1 expression level in the bend region of the mid-palatal shelf progressively increases and the cell densities in the bend and groove regions gradually become higher than those in the middle region. The comparative decrease of cell density in the middle region is correlated with a gradual alteration of the arrangement of fibronectin (FN) fibers, whereas the bend and groove regions with higher cell densities maintain ring-like FN arrangements. Rac1 overexpression alters the fibrillar FN arrangement in the middle region to the ring-like arrangement by increasing cell density. This alteration is sufficient to induce the failure of palatal shelf elevation, ultimately leading to cleft palate. Furthermore, the inhibition of FN delays palatal shelf elevation. Thus, the spatiotemporal expression of Rac1 plays an impressive role in palatal shelf elevation by regulating FN arrangement within the palatal shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghuang Tang
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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Deng J, Ren T, Zhu J, Mao Z, Gao C. Adsorption of plasma proteins and fibronectin on poly(hydroxylethyl methacrylate) brushes of different thickness and their relationship with adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Regen Biomater 2014; 1:17-25. [PMID: 26814446 PMCID: PMC4669003 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbu008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface-grafted poly(hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) molecules were demonstrated to show a brush state regardless of their molecular length (molecular weight). Adsorption of proteins from 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), fibronectin (Fn) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was quantified by ellipsometry, revealing that the amounts of FBS and Fn decreased monotonously along with the increase of PHEMA thickness, whereas not detectable for BSA when the PHEMA thickness was larger than 6 nm. Radio immunoassay found that the adsorption of Fn from 10% FBS had no significant difference regardless of the PHEMA thickness. However, ELISA results showed that the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) activity of adsorbed Fn decreased with the increase of PHEMA thickness. By comparison of cellular behaviors of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) being cultured in vitro in the normal serum-containing medium and the Fn-depleted serum-containing medium, the significant role of Fn on modulating the adhesion and migration of VSMCs was verified. Taking account all the results, the Fn adsorption model and its role on linking the biomaterials surface to the VSMCs behaviors are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Sun M, Deng J, Tang Z, Wu J, Li D, Chen H, Gao C. A correlation study of protein adsorption and cell behaviors on substrates with different densities of PEG chains. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Balaji Raghavendran HR, Puvaneswary S, Talebian S, Raman Murali M, Vasudevaraj Naveen S, Krishnamurithy G, McKean R, Kamarul T. A comparative study on in vitro osteogenic priming potential of electron spun scaffold PLLA/HA/Col, PLLA/HA, and PLLA/Col for tissue engineering application. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104389. [PMID: 25140798 PMCID: PMC4139278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study on the in vitro osteogenic potential of electrospun poly-L-lactide/hydroxyapatite/collagen (PLLA/HA/Col, PLLA/HA, and PLLA/Col) scaffolds was conducted. The morphology, chemical composition, and surface roughness of the fibrous scaffolds were examined. Furthermore, cell attachment, distribution, morphology, mineralization, extracellular matrix protein localization, and gene expression of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) differentiated on the fibrous scaffolds PLLA/Col/HA, PLLA/Col, and PLLA/HA were also analyzed. The electrospun scaffolds with a diameter of 200–950 nm demonstrated well-formed interconnected fibrous network structure, which supported the growth of hMSCs. When compared with PLLA/H%A and PLLA/Col scaffolds, PLLA/Col/HA scaffolds presented a higher density of viable cells and significant upregulation of genes associated with osteogenic lineage, which were achieved without the use of specific medium or growth factors. These results were supported by the elevated levels of calcium, osteocalcin, and mineralization (P<0.05) observed at different time points (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). Furthermore, electron microscopic observations and fibronectin localization revealed that PLLA/Col/HA scaffolds exhibited superior osteoinductivity, when compared with PLLA/Col or PLLA/HA scaffolds. These findings indicated that the fibrous structure and synergistic action of Col and nano-HA with high-molecular-weight PLLA played a vital role in inducing osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The data obtained in this study demonstrated that the developed fibrous PLLA/Col/HA biocomposite scaffold may be supportive for stem cell based therapies for bone repair, when compared with the other two scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (HBR); (TK)
| | - Subramaniam Puvaneswary
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Malliga Raman Murali
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sangeetha Vasudevaraj Naveen
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G. Krishnamurithy
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert McKean
- The Electrospinning Company Ltd, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigative Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (HBR); (TK)
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22
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Dentelli P, Traversa M, Rosso A, Togliatto G, Olgasi C, Marchiò C, Provero P, Lembo A, Bon G, Annaratone L, Sapino A, Falcioni R, Brizzi MF. miR-221/222 control luminal breast cancer tumor progression by regulating different targets. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1811-26. [PMID: 24736554 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
α6β4 integrin is an adhesion molecule for laminin receptors involved in tumor progression. We present a link between β4 integrin expression and miR-221/222 in the most prevalent human mammary tumor: luminal invasive carcinomas (Lum-ICs). Using human primary tumors that display different β4 integrin expression and grade, we show that miR-221/222 expression inversely correlates with tumor proliferating index, Ki67. Interestingly, most high-grade tumors express β4 integrin and low miR-221/222 levels. We ectopically transfected miR-221/222 into a human-derived mammary tumor cell line that recapitulates the luminal subtype to investigate whether miR-221/222 regulates β4 expression. We demonstrate that miR-221/222 overexpression results in β4 expression downregulation, breast cancer cell proliferation, and invasion inhibition. The role of miR-221/222 in driving β4 integrin expression is also confirmed via mutating the miR-221/222 seed sequence for β4 integrin 3'UTR. Furthermore, we show that these 2 miRNAs are also key breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion regulators, via the post-transcriptional regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) and of a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM-17). We further confirm these data by silencing ADAM-17, using a dominant-negative or an activated STAT5A form. miR-221/222-driven β4 integrin, STAT5A, and ADAM-17 did not occur in MCF-10A cells, denoted "normal" breast epithelial cells, indicating that the mechanism is cancer cell-specific. These results provide the first evidence of a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates β4 integrin, STAT5A, and ADAM-17 expression, thus controlling breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Pre-miR-221/222 use in the aggressive luminal subtype may be a powerful therapeutic anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Traversa
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Arturo Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Lembo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy; Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Bon
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | - Rita Falcioni
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome, Italy
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Brissette CA, Gaultney RA. That's my story, and I'm sticking to it--an update on B. burgdorferi adhesins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:41. [PMID: 24772392 PMCID: PMC3982108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion is the initial event in the establishment of any infection. Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, possesses myriad proteins termed adhesins that facilitate contact with its vertebrate hosts. B. burgdorferi adheres to host tissues through interactions with host cells and extracellular matrix, as well as other molecules present in serum and extracellular fluids. These interactions, both general and specific, are critical in the establishment of infection. Modulation of borrelial adhesion to host tissues affects the microorganisms's ability to colonize, disseminate, and persist. In this review, we update the current knowledge on structure, function, and role in pathogenesis of these “sticky” B. burgdorferi infection-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Brissette
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Robert A Gaultney
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks, ND, USA
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24
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Baratta CA, Brown TJ, Al-Dhalaan F, Ringuette MJ. Evolution and Function of SPARC and Tenascins: Matricellular Counter-Adhesive Glycoproteins with Pleiotropic Effects on Angiogenesis and Tissue Fibrosis. EVOLUTION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36002-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Huang G, Wang L, Wang S, Han Y, Wu J, Zhang Q, Xu F, Lu TJ. Engineering three-dimensional cell mechanical microenvironment with hydrogels. Biofabrication 2012; 4:042001. [PMID: 23164720 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/4/4/042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell mechanical microenvironment (CMM) significantly affects cell behaviors such as spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation. However, most studies on cell response to mechanical stimulation are based on two-dimensional (2D) planar substrates, which cannot mimic native three-dimensional (3D) CMM. Accumulating evidence has shown that there is a significant difference in cell behavior in 2D and 3D microenvironments. Among the materials used for engineering 3D CMM, hydrogels have gained increasing attention due to their tunable properties (e.g. chemical and mechanical properties). In this paper, we provide an overview of recent advances in engineering hydrogel-based 3D CMM. Effects of mechanical cues (e.g. hydrogel stiffness and externally induced stress/strain in hydrogels) on cell behaviors are described. A variety of approaches to load mechanical stimuli in 3D hydrogel-based constructs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Huang
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Ferens-Sieczkowska M, Kowalska B, Kratz EM. Seminal plasma glycoproteins in male infertility and prostate diseases: is there a chance for glyco-biomarkers? Biomarkers 2012; 18:10-22. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.719035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Labat-Robert J. [Information exchanges between cells and extracellular matrix. Influence of aging]. Biol Aujourdhui 2012; 206:103-9. [PMID: 22748048 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Our interest, since a number of years, has focalized on the worldwide rapid expansion of the aging population, accompanied by a progressive increase of age-related pathologies. Most of these concern connective tissues, that are rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), such as osteoarticular, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore age-related modifications of connective tissues become of increasing importance for the understanding of these diseases. In this article, we shall recapitulate some of our (and others') experiments on fibronectin, an important matrix glycoprotein mediating cell-matrix interactions. We studied the effect of age on fibronectin biosynthesis and also the effect of UV-radiation. Both conditions, age and radiation, produce a significant increase of fibronectin biosynthesis. Some results, when in vitro aging of skin fibroblasts was studied, exhibited also a passage-dependent regulation of fibronectin biosynthesis. A few studies, quoted in this review, were reported about the effect of age on integrin expression and function. An important finding was that novel biological fragments of fibronectin have proteolytic activities, pro-inflammatory activity in articular tissues, enhance malignant transformation as well as other activities. Proteolytic activity also increases with age-dependent increase of fibronectin fragmentation. This process exhibits positive feedback properties, forming a vicious circle, possibly important for the age-dependent aggravation of connective tissue diseases. Besides these observations, the recent demonstration of fibronectin elasticity suggests its implication in novel biological regulation as for instance mechano-transduction.
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Papp S, Fadel MP, Opas M. Dissecting focal adhesions in cells differentially expressing calreticulin: a microscopy study. Biol Cell 2012; 99:389-402. [PMID: 17373910 DOI: 10.1042/bc20060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Our previous studies have shown that calreticulin, a Ca2+-binding chaperone located in the endoplasmic reticulum, affects cell-substratum adhesions via the induction of vinculin and N-cadherin. Cells overexpressing calreticulin contain more vinculin than low expressers and make abundant contacts with the substratum. However, cells that express low levels of calreticulin exhibit a weak adhesive phenotype and make few, if any, focal adhesions. To date, the identity of the types of focal adhesions made by calreticulin overexpressing and low expressing cells has not been dissected. RESULTS The results of the present study show that calreticulin affects fibronectin matrix assembly in L fibroblast cell lines that differentially express the protein, and that these cells also differ profoundly in focal adhesion formation. Although the calreticulin overexpressing cells generate numerous interference-reflection-microscopy-dark, vinculin- and paxillin-containing classical focal contacts, as well as some fibrillar adhesions, the cells expressing low levels of calreticulin generate only a few weak focal adhesions. The fibronectin receptor was found to be clustered in calreticulin overexpressing cells, but diffusely distributed over the cell surface in low expressing cells. Plating L fibroblasts on fibronectin-coated substrata induced extensive spreading in all cell lines tested. However, although calreticulin overexpressing cells were induced to form classical vinculin-rich focal contacts, the low calreticulin expressing cells overcame their weak adhesive phenotype by induction of many tensin-rich fibrillar adhesions, thus compensating for the low level of vinculin in these cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that calreticulin affects fibronectin production and, thereby, assembly, and it indirectly influences the formation and/or stability of focal contacts and fibrillar adhesions, both of which are instrumental in matrix assembly and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Papp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Shah PN, Yun YH. Cellular interactions with biodegradable polyurethanes formulated from L-tyrosine. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:1017-31. [PMID: 22207610 DOI: 10.1177/0885328211432325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine polyurethanes (LTUs) have been synthesized by structural modification of the poly (amino acid) backbone to circumvent the problems associated with the processing of poly (amino acids) arising from their high crystallinity, insolubility in common organic solvents, and high glass-transition and melting temperatures. Additionally, problems such as unpredictable swelling characteristics, change in conformation, and uncontrolled enzymatic degradation have severely restricted the use of poly (amino acids). In contrast, LTUs are designed to retain their superior physico-chemical properties, while incorporating biodegradability through enzymatic, hydrolytic, and oxidative pathways. The aim of this study is to evaluate initially the biocompatibility of LTUs and their degradation products. Studies involving primary dermal human fibroblasts cultured in contact with LTU films or degradation products suggest a lack of toxicity (cell viabilities >93% with p < 0.05 compared to the control for all studies). The diversity of LTU polymer chemistry and the ability of LTUs to phase separate seem to present a heterogeneous surface with variable wettability. This phenomenon influences the adhesion and proliferation of human fibroblasts on polymeric surfaces, wherein fibroblast adhesion on polycaprolactone diol (PCL) based LTUs is characterized by higher cell counts (81,250 ± 18,390 for PCL-C-DTH (desaminotyrosine-tyrosyl hexyl, DTH), 58,360 ± 7370 for PCL-L-DTH, 38,480 ± 12,680 for PEG-C-DTH (polyethylene glycol, PEG), and 46,430 ± 16,000 for PEG-L-DTH at 120 h with p < 0.001 for comparison between PCL-C-DTH and all other LTUs), more rapid cellular proliferation (doubling time of 37-49 h for PCL-based LTUs compared to 68-90 h for PEG-based LTUs), and a uniform cell distribution compared to PEG-based LTUs. However, immunofluorescence assay for F-actin suggests that the cells are well attached. Thus, the lack of cytotoxicity and the ability to control cellular adhesion through polymer chemistry make LTUs attractive candidates for tissue-engineering applications that require elastomeric, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth N Shah
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA
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31
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Fibroblast Morphology on Dynamic Softening of Hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:1061-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae induced disruption of cell junction complexes in epithelial cells of the human genital tract. Microbes Infect 2011; 14:290-300. [PMID: 22146107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, have developed mechanisms to alter epithelial barriers in order to reach subepithelial tissues for host colonization. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of gonococci on cell junction complexes of genital epithelial cells of women. Polarized Ishikawa cells, a cell line derived from endometrial epithelium, were used for experimental infection. Infected cells displayed a spindle-like shape with an irregular distribution, indicating potential alteration of cell-cell contacts. Accordingly, analysis by confocal microscopy and cellular fractionation revealed that gonococci induced redistribution of the adherens junction proteins E-cadherin and its adapter protein β-catenin from the membrane to a cytoplasmic pool, with no significant differences in protein levels. In contrast, gonococcal infection did not induce modification of either expression or distribution of the tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1. Similar results were observed for Fallopian tube epithelia. Interestingly, infected Ishikawa cells also showed an altered pattern of actin cytoskeleton, observed in the form of stress fibers across the cytoplasm, which in turn matched a strong alteration on the expression of fibronectin, an adhesive glycoprotein component of extracellular matrix. Interestingly, using western blotting, activation of the ERK pathway was detected after gonococcal infection while p38 pathway was not activated. All effects were pili and Opa independent. Altogether, results indicated that gonococcus, as a mechanism of pathogenesis, induced disruption of junction complexes with early detaching of E-cadherin and β-catenin from the adherens junction complex, followed by a redistribution and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton and fibronectin within the extracellular matrix.
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Yates CC, Bodnar R, Wells A. Matrix control of scarring. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1871-81. [PMID: 21390544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repair of wounds usually results in restoration of organ function, even if suboptimal. However, in a minority of situations, the healing process leads to significant scarring that hampers homeostasis and leaves the tissue compromised. This scar is characterized by an excess of matrix deposition that remains poorly organized and weakened. While we know much of the early stages of the repair process, the transition to wound resolution that limits scar formation is poorly understood. This is particularly true of the inducers of scar formation. Here, we present a hypothesis that it is the matrix itself that is a primary driver of scar, rather than being simply the result of other cellular dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Yang N, Mosher R, Seo S, Beebe D, Friedl A. Syndecan-1 in breast cancer stroma fibroblasts regulates extracellular matrix fiber organization and carcinoma cell motility. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 178:325-35. [PMID: 21224069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stromal fibroblasts of breast carcinomas frequently express the cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1). In human breast carcinoma samples, stromal Sdc1 expression correlates with an organized, parallel, extracellular matrix (ECM) fiber architecture. To examine a possible link between stromal Sdc1 and the fiber architecture, we generated bioactive cell-free three-dimensional ECMs from cultures of Sdc1-positive and Sdc1-negative murine and human mammary fibroblasts (termed ECM-Sdc1 and ECM-mock, respectively). Indeed, ECM-Sdc1 showed a parallel fiber architecture that contrasted markedly with the random fiber arrangement of ECM-mock. When breast carcinoma cells were seeded into the fibroblast-free ECMs, ECM-Sdc1, but not ECM-mock, promoted their attachment, invasion, and directional movement. We further evaluated the contribution of the structural/compositional modifications in ECM-Sdc1 on carcinoma cell behavior. By microcontact printing of culture surfaces, we forced the Sdc1-negative fibroblasts to produce ECM with parallel fiber organization, mimicking the architecture observed in ECM-Sdc1. We found that the fiber topography governs carcinoma cell migration directionality. Conversely, an elevated fibronectin level in ECM-Sdc1 was responsible for the enhanced attachment of the breast carcinoma cells. These observations suggest that Sdc1 expression in breast carcinoma stromal fibroblasts promotes the assembly of an architecturally abnormal ECM that is permissive to breast carcinoma directional migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, USA
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Tsuchiya S, Ohshima S, Yamakoshi Y, Simmer JP, Honda MJ. Osteogenic differentiation capacity of porcine dental follicle progenitor cells. Connect Tissue Res 2010; 51:197-207. [PMID: 20053131 DOI: 10.3109/03008200903267542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the osteogenic differentiation capacity and osteogenesis of dental follicle cells. Single cell-derived porcine dental follicle cells (DFC-I) obtained at the early stage of crown formation in tooth were subcultured and characterized using periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) as comparison cell populations. The effect of ECM constituents including collagen type I, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV on the differentiation of DFC-1 into osteogenic-lineage cells was evaluated in vitro. In addition, the DFC-1, PDLC, and BMSC populations were compared for osteogenic capacity in vitro by Alizarin red staining and in vivo by transplantation. DFC-I showed different features from PDLC and BMSC. Different components of ECM had different effects on the differentiation of DFC-1 into osteogenic-lineage cells in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization as early- and late-stage markers of osteogenesis, respectively, supported the differentiation of DFC-1 into osteogenic-related cells in vitro. All three cell types showed equivalent osteogenic capacity in vivo at 4 weeks postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences among the cell populations with respect to capacity for bone formation. These results suggest a potential application for dental follicle cells in bone-tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Tsuchiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Division of Stem Cell Engineering, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kowalczyńska HM, Kołos R, Nowak-Wyrzykowska M, Dobkowski J, Elbaum D, Szczepankiewicz A, Kamiński J. Atomic force microscopy evidence for conformational changes of fibronectin adsorbed on unmodified and sulfonated polystyrene surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 91:1239-51. [PMID: 19358257 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of polystyrene surface polarity on the conformation of adsorbed fibronectin (FN) has been studied with atomic force microscopy. We demonstrated that bare sulfonated and nonsulfonated polystyrene surfaces featured similar topographies. After the FN adsorption, direct comparison of both types of substrata revealed drastically different topographies, roughness values, and also cell-adhesive properties. This was interpreted in terms of FN conformational changes induced by the surface polarity. At high-solute FN concentrations the multilayer FN adsorption took place resulting, for the sulfonated substratum, in an increase of surface roughness, whereas for the nonsulfonated one the roughness was approximately stable. Conversely, the FN conformation characteristic for the first saturative layer tended to be conserved in the consecutive layers, as evidenced by height histograms. The height of individual FN molecules indicated, consonantly with the derived thickness of the adsorbed protein layer (the latter value being 1.4 nm and 0.6 nm, respectively, for an unmodified and sulfonated polystyrene surface), that molecules are flattened on polar surfaces and more compact on nonsulfonated ones. It was also demonstrated that the FN adsorption and conformation on polymeric substrata, and hence the resultant cell-adhesive properties, depended on the chemistry of the original surface rather than on its topography. Our results also demonstrated the ability of surface polarity to influence the protein conformation and its associated biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Kowalczyńska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, ul Marymoncka 99, 01-813 Warszawa, Poland
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Reininger AJ. Thrombusformation im Blutfluss. Hamostaseologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01544-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Presence of high-molecular-weight forms and domain alterations of fibronectin in pleural effusion of patients with lung cancer. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:654-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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YAMASHITA D, MACHIGASHIRA M, MIYAMOTO M, TAKEUCHI H, NOGUCHI K, IZUMI Y, BAN S. Effect of surface roughness on initial responses of osteoblast-like cells on two types of zirconia. Dent Mater J 2009; 28:461-70. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.28.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang XQ, Chen L, Pan R, Zhao J, Liu Y, He RQ. An earthworm protease cleaving serum fibronectin and decreasing HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 9:30. [PMID: 19025649 PMCID: PMC2611985 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Virus-binding activity is one of the important functions of fibronectin (FN). It has been reported that a high concentration of FN in blood improves the transmission frequency of hepatitis viruses. Therefore, to investigate a protease that hydrolyzes FN rapidly is useful to decrease the FN concentration in blood and HBV infection. So far, however, no specific protease digesting FN in serum has been reported. Methods We employed a purified earthworm protease to digest serum proteins. The rapidly cleaved protein (FN) was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and western blotting. The cleavage sites were determined by N-terminus amino acid residues sequencing. The protease was orally administrated to rats to investigate whether serum FN in vivo became decreased. The serum FN was determined by western blotting and ELISA. In cytological studies, the protease was added to the medium in the culture of HepG2.2.15 cells and then HBsAg and HBeAg were determined by ELISA. Results The protease purified from earthworm Eisenia fetida was found to function as a fibronectinase (FNase). The cleavage sites on FN by the FNase were at R and K, exhibiting a trypsin alkaline serine-like function. The earthworm fibronectinase (EFNase) cleaved FN at four sites, R259, R1005, K1557 and R2039, among which the digested fragments at R259, K1557 and R2039 were related to the virus-binding activity as reported. The serum FN was significantly decreased when the earthworm fibronectinase was orally administrated to rats. The ELISA results showed that the secretion of HBeAg from HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly inhibited in the presence of the FNase. Conclusion The earthworm fibronectinase (EFNase) cleaves FN much faster than the other proteins in serum, showing a potential to inhibit HBV infection through its suppressing the level of HBeAg. This suggests that EFNase is probably used as one of the candidates for the therapeutic agents to treat hepatitis virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Wang
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Da Tun Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Effects of fibronectin on osteoinductive capability of fresh iliac bone marrow aspirate in posterolateral spinal fusion in rabbits. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33:1318-23. [PMID: 18496343 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181732a5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A rabbit model of posterolateral intertransverse process spine arthrodesis was used. OBJECTIVE To assess the osteogenic potential of hydroxyapatite (HA) sticks soaked with marrow and resultant strength in spinal fusion and effects of various biologic agents, in particular fibronectin (FN) on the strength. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contained in marrow can differentiate into cells constituting bone, cartilage, muscles and fat. Unlike autogenous bone grafts, prosthetic bone grafts combined with marrow have failed to attain adequate strength of new bone even if they are used with marrow. METHODS Porous HA sticks were used as a vehicle for new bone growth in spinal fusion. In experiment 1, rabbits received 2 HA sticks each with or without iliac marrow into the dorsal subcutaneous muscle. The sticks were explanted 6 weeks after surgery and tested mechanically and histologically. In experiment 2, 6 groups of animals underwent spinal fusions with 6 different bone grafts, either autogenous or prosthetic, and the local osteoinductive activity and mechanical strength of the fusion were evaluated. RESULTS In experiment 1, the HA sticks implanted with marrow showed histologically more active osteogenesis and were mechanically stronger than those implanted alone. The increase in mechanical strength was significantly higher in the former group. In experiment 2, the spinal fusion with autogenous iliac bone was significantly stronger and more elastic than those with autogenous local bone and HA sticks with or without marrow (P < 0.05). The spinal fusion with HA sticks soaked with FN and marrow was significantly stronger than that with HA sticks soaked with marrow. The local osteogenesis after the fusion with HA sticks soaked with FN and marrow was more active than that with HA sticks plus marrow and HA stick plus FN. CONCLUSION The impregnation of marrow into HA sticks produced histologically demonstrable active osteogenesis, possibly due to MSCs incorporated into the sticks. In the group receiving HA sticks soaked with FNand marrow, both osteogenesis and strength were increased to levels comparable to those achieved by spinal fusion with autogenous iliac bone grafts. It can be expected that the additional use of FN, which increases incorporation of MSCs into HA, will improve osteogenesis and hence the strength of the fusion.
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Shinde AV, Bystroff C, Wang C, Vogelezang MG, Vincent PA, Hynes RO, Van De Water L. Identification of the Peptide Sequences within the EIIIA (EDA) Segment of Fibronectin That Mediate Integrin α9β1-dependent Cellular Activities. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:2858-70. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708306200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Papp S, Fadel MP, Michalak M, Opas M. Analysis of the suitability of calreticulin inducible HEK cells for adhesion studies: microscopical and biochemical comparisons. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 307:237-48. [PMID: 17909946 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin is a Ca(2+)-buffering ER chaperone that also modulates cell adhesiveness. In order to study the effect of calreticulin on the expression of adhesion-related genes, we created a calreticulin inducible Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cell line. We found that fibronectin mRNA and both intra- and extra-cellular fibronectin protein levels increased following calreticulin induction. However, despite this increase in fibronectin, HEK293 cells did not assemble an extracellular fibrillar fibronectin matrix regardless of the level of calreticulin expression. Furthermore, HEK293 cells exhibited a poorly organized actin cytoskeleton, did not have clustered fibronectin receptors at the cell surface, and did not form focal contacts. This likely accounts for the lack of fibronectin matrix deposition by these cells regardless of calreticulin expression level. Vinculin abundance did not appreciably increase upon calreticulin induction and the level of active c-Src, a regulatory kinase of focal contacts, was found to be abundant and unregulated by calreticulin induction in these cells. The inability to form stable focal contacts and to commence fibronectin fibrillogenesis due to high c-Src activity may be responsible for the poor adhesive phenotype of HEK 293 cells. Thus, we show here that HEK293 cells are not suitable for microscopical studies of cell-substratum adhesions, but are best suited for biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Papp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Meckmongkol TT, Harmon R, McKeown-Longo P, Van De Water L. The fibronectin synergy site modulates TGF-beta-dependent fibroblast contraction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:709-14. [PMID: 17631278 PMCID: PMC2034296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue remodeling following injury involves TGF-beta-mediated fibroblast contraction. While these cells are embedded in a fibronectin (FN)-rich matrix, the role of FN-cell interactions in this process is not fully understood. To explore the role of FN matrix presentation, we analyzed the effect of TGF-beta on fibroblasts adhered to FN-coated polyacrylamide gels (PAG). Surprisingly, under these conditions TGF-beta triggered cell rounding/contraction. This was accompanied by increased Rho activation and MLC phosphorylation and was reversed by inhibition of Rho kinase. Although fibroblasts are known to bind to fibronectin's RGD and synergy sites, their relative contribution to cell function is not clear. MLC phosphorylation was reduced and cell contraction was reversed when FN's synergy site was blocked, indicating that contraction requires signals from the synergy site in addition to TGF-beta-mediated Rho activation. Thus, regulating the FN synergy site therapeutically may provide a mechanism for modulating contractile forces during tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerin T Meckmongkol
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, MC-165, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Abstract
The contact of a cell on the biomaterial’s surface is mediated by its adhesion components. The topography of titanium surfaces influences these adhesion components of osteoblasts, e.g. the integrins, the adapter proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. In our current experiments we were interested in why osteoblasts were strongly aligned to the grooves of a structured pure titanium surface (grade 2). The titanium was characterized by EIS to get insights in the electro-chemically active surface. We used MG-63 human bone cells, cultured in DMEM with 10% FCS at 37°C. For protein adsorption the titanium discs were incubated for 24h with complete medium containing soluble fibronectin at 37°C. Interestingly, only in the grooves cells adhered and were aligned and this is not dependent on the gravitation. The cell adhesion seems to depend on the protein adsorption of fibronectin which we could find to be adsorbed exclusively in the valleys. We speculate that there are local differences in electro-chemical characteristics of this structured titanium surface.
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Abstract
Platelet aggregation, the process by which platelets adhere to each other at sites of vascular injury, has long been recognized as critical for hemostatic plug formation and thrombosis. Until relatively recently, platelet aggregation was considered a straightforward process involving the noncovalent bridging of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) receptors on the platelet surface by the dimeric adhesive protein fibrinogen. However, with recent technical advances enabling real-time analysis of platelet aggregation in vivo, it has become apparent that this process is much more complex and dynamic than previously anticipated. Over the last decade, it has become clear that platelet aggregation represents a multistep adhesion process involving distinct receptors and adhesive ligands, with the contribution of individual receptor-ligand interactions to the aggregation process dependent on the prevailing blood flow conditions. It now appears that at least 3 distinct mechanisms can initiate platelet aggregation, with each of these mechanisms operating over a specific shear range in vivo. The identification of shear-dependent mechanisms of platelet aggregation has raised the possibility that vascular-bed-specific inhibitors of platelet aggregation may be developed in the future that are safer and more effective than existing antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P Jackson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Ahmed I, Ponery AS, Nur-E-Kamal A, Kamal J, Meshel AS, Sheetz MP, Schindler M, Meiners S. Morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and myosin dynamics of mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured on nanofibrillar surfaces. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 301:241-9. [PMID: 17294137 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth of cells in tissue culture is generally performed on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces composed of polystyrene or glass. Recent work, however, has shown that such 2D cultures are incomplete and do not adequately represent the physical characteristics of native extracellular matrix (ECM)/basement membrane (BM), namely dimensionality, compliance, fibrillarity, and porosity. In the current study, a three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrillar surface composed of electrospun polyamide nanofibers was utilized to mimic the topology and physical structure of ECM/BM. Additional chemical cues were incorporated into the nanofibrillar matrix by coating the surfaces with fibronectin, collagen I, or laminin-1. Results from the current study show an enhanced response of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to culture on nanofibrillar surfaces with more dramatic changes in cell spreading and reorganization of the cytoskeleton than previously observed for established cell lines. In addition, the cells cultured on nanofibrillar and 2D surfaces exhibited differential responses to the specific ECM/BM coatings. The localization and activity of myosin II-B for MEFs cultured on nanofibers was also compared. A dynamic redistribution of myosin II-B was observed within membrane protrusions. This was previously described for cells associated with nanofibers composed of collagen I but not for cells attached to 2D surfaces coated with monomeric collagen. These results provide further evidence that nanofibrillar surfaces offer a significantly different environment for cells than 2D substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Brown RA, Phillips JB. Cell responses to biomimetic protein scaffolds used in tissue repair and engineering. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 262:75-150. [PMID: 17631187 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)62002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Basic science research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aims to investigate and understand the deposition, growth, and remodeling of tissues by drawing together approaches from a range of disciplines. This review discusses approaches that use biomimetic proteins and cellular therapies, both in the development of clinical products and of model platforms for scientific investigation. Current clinical approaches to repairing skin, bone, nerve, heart valves, blood vessels, ligaments, and tendons are described and their limitations identified. Opportunities and key questions for achieving clinical goals are discussed through commonly used examples of biomimetic scaffolds: collagen, fibrin, fibronectin, and silk. The key questions addressed by three-dimensional culture models, biomimetic materials, surface chemistry, topography, and their interaction with cells in terms of durotaxis, mechano-regulation, and complex spatial cueing are reviewed to give context to future strategies for biomimetic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Brown
- Tissue Regeneration & Engineering Center, Institute of Orthopedics, University College London, Stanmore Campus, London, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
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Hirnle L, Katnik-Prastowska I. Amniotic fibronectin fragmentation and expression of its domains, sialyl and fucosyl glycotopes associated with pregnancy complicated by intrauterine infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:208-14. [PMID: 17311510 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The presence of fibronectin fragments has been observed in some inflammatory diseases and is believed to reflect tissue breakdown. In this study, possible fibronectin fragmentation and alterations in its domain and sialyl and fucosyl glycotope expressions were analyzed in amniotic fluids in relation to intrauterine infection.: Samples of amniotic fluid were taken from normal pregnancies and pregnancies (28 and 42 weeks) complicated by intrauterine infection. Fibronectin fragmentation was analyzed by immunoblotting. The expression of cellular, fibrin, C-terminal and EDA fibronectin domains, as well as α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids, and α1,6-, α1,3- and α1,2-linked fucoses, was determined by ELISA, using domain-specific monoclonal antibodies and specific lectins, respectively.: Amniotic fibronectin immunoblots from pregnancies with intrauterine infection revealed three groups of results. In group 1, with the native fibronectin band, and in group 2 with bands of native fibronectin and several fibronectin fragments, only higher α1,6-linked fucose expression was observed. In the infection group 3, characterized by profound fragmentation of fibronectin, lower expression of all fibronectin domains analyzed and of α1,6-linked sialic acid and α1,2-linked fucose was found.: Amniotic fibronectin status was found to be associated with pregnancy complicated by intrauterine infection. Such alterations could have a potential diagnostic value in the prevention of or intervention in fetal intrauterine infection.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:208–14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Hirnle
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Moura J, Teixeira LN, Ravagnani C, Peitl O, Zanotto ED, Beloti MM, Panzeri H, Rosa AL, de Oliveira PT. In vitro osteogenesis on a highly bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate®). J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:545-57. [PMID: 17311315 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the strategies to improve the mechanical performance of bioactive glasses for load-bearing implant devices has been the development of glass-ceramic materials. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a highly bioactive, fully-crystallized glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) of the system P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-CaO-SiO(2) on various key parameters of in vitro osteogenesis. Surface characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Osteogenic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of newborn rat calvarial bone and by growing on Biosilicate discs and on control bioactive glass surfaces (Biosilicate) parent glass and Bioglass(R) 45S5) for periods of up to 17 days. All materials developed an apatite layer in simulated body fluid for 24h. Additionally, as early as 12 h under culture conditions and in the absence of cells, all surfaces developed a layer of silica-gel that was gradually covered by amorphous calcium phosphate deposits, which remained amorphous up to 72 h. During the proliferative phase of osteogenic cultures, the majority of cells exhibited disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton, whereas reassembly of actin stress fibers took place only in areas of cell multilayering by day 5. Although no significant differences were detected in terms of total protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity at days 11 and 17, Biosilicate supported significantly larger areas of calcified matrix at day 17. The results indicate that full crystallization of bioactive glasses in a range of compositions of the system P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-CaO-SiO(2) may promote enhancement of in vitro bone-like tissue formation in an osteogenic cell culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moura
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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