1
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Neumann DP, Pillman KA, Dredge BK, Bert AG, Phillips CA, Lumb R, Ramani Y, Bracken CP, Hollier BG, Selth LA, Beilharz TH, Goodall GJ, Gregory PA. The landscape of alternative polyadenylation during EMT and its regulation by the RNA-binding protein Quaking. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-11. [PMID: 38112323 PMCID: PMC10732628 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2294222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in tumour progression and is orchestrated by dynamic changes in gene expression. While it is well established that post-transcriptional regulation plays a significant role in EMT, the extent of alternative polyadenylation (APA) during EMT has not yet been explored. Using 3' end anchored RNA sequencing, we mapped the alternative polyadenylation (APA) landscape following Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β-mediated induction of EMT in human mammary epithelial cells and found APA generally causes 3'UTR lengthening during this cell state transition. Investigation of potential mediators of APA indicated the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI), a splicing factor induced during EMT, regulates a subset of events including the length of its own transcript. Analysis of QKI crosslinked immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-sequencing data identified the binding of QKI within 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) was enriched near cleavage and polyadenylation sites. Following QKI knockdown, APA of many transcripts is altered to produce predominantly shorter 3'UTRs associated with reduced gene expression. These findings reveal the changes in APA that occur during EMT and identify a potential role for QKI in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Neumann
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B. Kate Dredge
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caroline A. Phillips
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachael Lumb
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yesha Ramani
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cameron P. Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brett G. Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke A. Selth
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Traude H. Beilharz
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip A. Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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2
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Zhao Z, Qing Y, Dong L, Han L, Wu D, Li Y, Li W, Xue J, Zhou K, Sun M, Tan B, Chen Z, Shen C, Gao L, Small A, Wang K, Leung K, Zhang Z, Qin X, Deng X, Xia Q, Su R, Chen J. QKI shuttles internal m 7G-modified transcripts into stress granules and modulates mRNA metabolism. Cell 2023; 186:3208-3226.e27. [PMID: 37379838 PMCID: PMC10527483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification, routinely occurring at mRNA 5' cap or within tRNAs/rRNAs, also exists internally in messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Although m7G-cap is essential for pre-mRNA processing and protein synthesis, the exact role of mRNA internal m7G modification remains elusive. Here, we report that mRNA internal m7G is selectively recognized by Quaking proteins (QKIs). By transcriptome-wide profiling/mapping of internal m7G methylome and QKI-binding sites, we identified more than 1,000 high-confidence m7G-modified and QKI-bound mRNA targets with a conserved "GANGAN (N = A/C/U/G)" motif. Strikingly, QKI7 interacts (via C terminus) with the stress granule (SG) core protein G3BP1 and shuttles internal m7G-modified transcripts into SGs to regulate mRNA stability and translation under stress conditions. Specifically, QKI7 attenuates the translation efficiency of essential genes in Hippo signaling pathways to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Collectively, we characterized QKIs as mRNA internal m7G-binding proteins that modulate target mRNA metabolism and cellular drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Li Han
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Yangchan Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jianhuang Xue
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Brandon Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Andrew Small
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Keith Leung
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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3
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Nogami M, Sano O, Adachi-Tominari K, Hayakawa-Yano Y, Furukawa T, Iwata H, Ogi K, Okano H, Yano M. DNA damage stress-induced translocation of mutant FUS proteins into cytosolic granules and screening for translocation inhibitors. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:953365. [PMID: 36606141 PMCID: PMC9808394 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.953365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma (FUS) is an RNA-binding protein, and its mutations are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), through the DNA damage stress response, aberrant stress granule (SG) formation, etc. We previously reported that translocation of endogenous FUS into SGs was achieved by cotreatment with a DNA double-strand break inducer and an inhibitor of DNA-PK activity. In the present study, we investigated cytoplasmic SG formation using various fluorescent protein-tagged mutant FUS proteins in a human astrocytoma cell (U251) model. While the synergistic enhancement of the migration of fluorescent protein-tagged wild-type FUS to cytoplasmic SGs upon DNA damage induction was observed when DNA-PK activity was suppressed, the fluorescent protein-tagged FUSP525L mutant showed cytoplasmic localization. It migrated to cytoplasmic SGs upon DNA damage induction alone, and DNA-PK inhibition also showed a synergistic effect. Furthermore, analysis of 12 sites of DNA-PK-regulated phosphorylation in the N-terminal LC region of FUS revealed that hyperphosphorylation of FUS mitigated the mislocalization of FUS into cytoplasmic SGs. By using this cell model, we performed screening of a compound library to identify compounds that inhibit the migration of FUS to cytoplasmic SGs but do not affect the localization of the SG marker molecule G3BP1 to cytoplasmic SGs. Finally, we successfully identified 23 compounds that inhibit FUS-containing SG formation without changing normal SG formation. Highlights Characterization of DNA-PK-dependent FUS stress granule localization.A compound library was screened to identify compounds that inhibit the formation of FUS-containing stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nogami
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan,Shonan Incubation Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan,*Correspondence: Masahiro Nogami,
| | - Osamu Sano
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Adachi-Tominari
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshika Hayakawa-Yano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takako Furukawa
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Iwata
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan,Shonan Incubation Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Masato Yano,
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Peart NJ, Hwang JY, Quesnel-Vallières M, Sears MJ, Yang Y, Stoilov P, Barash Y, Park JW, Lynch KW, Carstens RP. The global Protein-RNA interaction map of ESRP1 defines a post-transcriptional program that is essential for epithelial cell function. iScience 2022; 25:105205. [PMID: 36238894 PMCID: PMC9550651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial splicing regulatory proteins, ESRP1 and ESRP2, are essential for mammalian development through the regulation of a global program of alternative splicing of genes involved in the maintenance of epithelial cell function. To further inform our understanding of the molecular functions of ESRP1, we performed enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (eCLIP) in epithelial cells of mouse epidermis. The genome-wide binding sites of ESRP1 were integrated with RNA-Seq analysis of alterations in splicing and total gene expression that result from epidermal ablation of Esrp1 and Esrp2. These studies demonstrated that ESRP1 functions in splicing regulation occur primarily through direct binding in a position-dependent manner to promote either exon inclusion or skipping. In addition, we also identified widespread binding of ESRP1 in 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes involved in epithelial cell function, suggesting that its post-transcriptional functions extend beyond splicing regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natoya J Peart
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Sears
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuequin Yang
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russ P Carstens
- Departments of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Komiyama T, Kuroshima T, Sugasawa T, Fujita SI, Ikami Y, Hirai H, Tsushima F, Michi Y, Kayamori K, Higashino F, Harada H. High expression of Sam68 contributes to metastasis by regulating vimentin expression and a motile phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:183. [PMID: 36082807 PMCID: PMC9478953 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and biological significance of Src-associated in mitosis 68 kDa (Sam68) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue samples obtained from 77 patients with OSCC. Univariate analysis revealed that the high expression of Sam68 was significantly correlated with advanced pathological T stage (P=0.01), positive lymphovascular invasion (P=0.01), and pathological cervical lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Moreover, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the high expression of Sam68 was an independent predictive factor for cervical lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-14.23; P<0.01). These results indicated that high Sam68 expression contributed to tumor progression, especially cervical lymph node metastasis, in OSCC. mRNA sequencing was also performed to assess the changes in the transcriptome between OSCC cells with Sam68 knockdown and control cells with the aim of elucidating the biological roles of Sam68. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were concentrated in some biological processes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among these DEGs, it was established that vimentin was particularly downregulated in these cells. It was also confirmed that Sam68 knockdown reduced the motility of OSCC cells. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study of vimentin identified the association between vimentin expression and Sam68 expression as well as cervical lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the high expression of Sam68 may contribute to metastasis by regulating vimentin expression and a motile mesenchymal phenotype in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Komiyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroshima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Laboratory of Clinical Examination/Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tsushima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Michi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8586, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑8549, Japan
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6
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Manfrevola F, Potenza N, Chioccarelli T, Di Palo A, Siniscalchi C, Porreca V, Scialla A, Mele VG, Petito G, Russo A, Lanni A, Senese R, Ricci G, Pierantoni R, Chianese R, Cobellis G. Actin remodeling driven by circLIMA1: sperm cell as an intriguing cellular model. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5136-5153. [PMID: 35982890 PMCID: PMC9379403 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNA cargo in spermatozoa (SPZ) participates in setting cell quality, in terms of morphology and motility. Cannabinoid receptor CB1 activity is correlated with a proper spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation. Despite CB1 promotes endogenous skill to circularize mRNAs in SPZ, few notions are reported regarding the functional link between endocannabinoids and spermatic circRNA cargo. In CB1 knock-out male mice, we performed a complete dataset of spermatic circRNA content by microarray strategy. Differentially expressed (DE)-circRNAs, as a function of genotype, were identified. Within DE-circRNAs, we focused the attention on circLIMA1, as putative actin-cytoskeleton architecture regulator. The validation of circLIMA1 dependent-competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network (ceRNET) in in vitro cell line confirmed its activity in the regulation of the cytoskeletal actin. Interestingly, a dynamic actin regulation in SPZ nuclei was found during their epididymal maturation. In this scenario, we showed for the first time an intriguing sperm nuclear actin remodeling, regulated via a ceRNET-independent pathway, consisting in the nuclear shuttling of circLIMA1-QKI interactome and downstream in Gelsolin regulation. In particular, the increased levels of circLIMA1 in CB1 knock-out SPZ, associated with an inefficient depolymerization of nuclear actin, specifically illustrate how endocannabinoids, by regulating circRNA cargo, may contribute to sperm morpho-cellular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfrevola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Teresa Chioccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Di Palo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Siniscalchi
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Veronica Porreca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Scialla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Grazia Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pierantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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7
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Cornelius VA, Naderi-Meshkin H, Kelaini S, Margariti A. RNA-Binding Proteins: Emerging Therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 11:2494. [PMID: 36010571 PMCID: PMC9407011 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases account for a significant number of deaths worldwide, with cardiovascular diseases remaining the leading cause of mortality. This ongoing, ever-increasing burden has made the need for an effective treatment strategy a global priority. Recent advances in regenerative medicine, largely the derivation and use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies as disease models, have provided powerful tools to study the different cell types that comprise the vascular system, allowing for a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind vascular health. iPSC disease models consequently offer an exciting strategy to deepen our understanding of disease as well as develop new therapeutic avenues with clinical translation. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms are widely accepted to have fundamental roles in orchestrating responses to vascular damage. Recently, iPSC technologies have increased our understanding of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in controlling gene expression and cellular functions, providing an insight into the onset and progression of vascular dysfunction. Revelations of such roles within vascular disease states have therefore allowed for a greater clarification of disease mechanisms, aiding the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we discuss newly discovered roles of RBPs within the cardio-vasculature aided by iPSC technologies, as well as examine their therapeutic potential, with a particular focus on the Quaking family of isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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8
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Zakutansky PM, Feng Y. The Long Non-Coding RNA GOMAFU in Schizophrenia: Function, Disease Risk, and Beyond. Cells 2022; 11:1949. [PMID: 35741078 PMCID: PMC9221589 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases are among the most common brain developmental disorders, represented by schizophrenia (SZ). The complex multifactorial etiology of SZ remains poorly understood, which reflects genetic vulnerabilities and environmental risks that affect numerous genes and biological pathways. Besides the dysregulation of protein-coding genes, recent discoveries demonstrate that abnormalities associated with non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), also contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ. lncRNAs are an actively evolving family of non-coding RNAs that harbor greater than 200 nucleotides but do not encode for proteins. In general, lncRNA genes are poorly conserved. The large number of lncRNAs specifically expressed in the human brain, together with the genetic alterations and dysregulation of lncRNA genes in the SZ brain, suggests a critical role in normal cognitive function and the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. A particular lncRNA of interest is GOMAFU, also known as MIAT and RNCR2. Growing evidence suggests the function of GOMAFU in governing neuronal development and its potential roles as a risk factor and biomarker for SZ, which will be reviewed in this article. Moreover, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which GOMAFU regulates molecular pathways, including its subcellular localization and interaction with RNA-binding proteins, and how interruption to GOMAFU pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Zakutansky
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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9
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Salamon I, Rasin MR. Evolution of the Neocortex Through RNA-Binding Proteins and Post-transcriptional Regulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:803107. [PMID: 35082597 PMCID: PMC8784817 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.803107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human neocortex is undoubtedly considered a supreme accomplishment in mammalian evolution. It features a prenatally established six-layered structure which remains plastic to the myriad of changes throughout an organism’s lifetime. A fundamental feature of neocortical evolution and development is the abundance and diversity of the progenitor cell population and their neuronal and glial progeny. These evolutionary upgrades are partially enabled due to the progenitors’ higher proliferative capacity, compartmentalization of proliferative regions, and specification of neuronal temporal identities. The driving force of these processes may be explained by temporal molecular patterning, by which progenitors have intrinsic capacity to change their competence as neocortical neurogenesis proceeds. Thus, neurogenesis can be conceptualized along two timescales of progenitors’ capacity to (1) self-renew or differentiate into basal progenitors (BPs) or neurons or (2) specify their fate into distinct neuronal and glial subtypes which participate in the formation of six-layers. Neocortical development then proceeds through sequential phases of proliferation, differentiation, neuronal migration, and maturation. Temporal molecular patterning, therefore, relies on the precise regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression. An extensive transcriptional regulatory network is accompanied by post-transcriptional regulation that is frequently mediated by the regulatory interplay between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs exhibit important roles in every step of mRNA life cycle in any system, from splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, stability, localization, to translation (protein synthesis). Here, we underscore the importance of RBP functions at multiple time-restricted steps of early neurogenesis, starting from the cell fate transition of transcriptionally primed cortical progenitors. A particular emphasis will be placed on RBPs with mostly conserved but also divergent evolutionary functions in neural progenitors across different species. RBPs, when considered in the context of the fascinating process of neocortical development, deserve to be main protagonists in the story of the evolution and development of the neocortex.
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10
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Neumann DP, Goodall GJ, Gregory PA. The Quaking RNA-binding proteins as regulators of cell differentiation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1724. [PMID: 35298877 PMCID: PMC9786888 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) has emerged as a potent regulator of cellular differentiation in developmental and pathological processes. The QKI gene is itself alternatively spliced to produce three major isoforms, QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7, that possess very distinct functions. Here, we highlight roles of the different QKI isoforms in neuronal, vascular, muscle, and monocyte cell differentiation, and during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer progression. QKI isoforms control cell differentiation through regulating alternative splicing, mRNA stability and translation, with activities in gene transcription now also becoming evident. These diverse functions of the QKI isoforms contribute to their broad influences on RNA metabolism and cellular differentiation. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Neumann
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA PathologyAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - Gregory J. Goodall
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA PathologyAdelaideSouth Australia,Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - Philip A. Gregory
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA PathologyAdelaideSouth Australia,Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
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11
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Liu T, Yang Y, Xie Z, Luo Q, Yang D, Liu X, Zhao H, Wei Q, Liu Y, Li L, Wang Y, Wang F, Yu J, Xu J, Yu J, Yi P. The RNA binding protein QKI5 suppresses ovarian cancer via downregulating transcriptional coactivator TAZ. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:388-400. [PMID: 34552820 PMCID: PMC8426461 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a set of proteins involved in many steps of post-transcriptional regulation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most deadly gynecological cancer, but the roles of RBPs in OC are not fully understood. Here, we reported that the RBP QKI5 was significantly negatively correlated with aggressive tumor stage and worse prognosis in serous OC patients. QKI5 could suppress the growth and metastasis of OC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis showed that QKI5 negatively regulated the expression of the transcriptional coactivator TAZ and its downstream targets (e.g., CTGF and CYR61). Mechanistically, QKI5 bound to TAZ mRNA and recruited EDC4, thus decreasing the stability of TAZ mRNA. Functionally, TAZ was involved in the QKI5-mediated tumor suppression of OC cells, and QKI5 expression was inversely correlated with TAZ, CTGF, and CYR61 expression in OC patients. Together, our study indicates that QKI5 plays a tumor-suppressive role and negatively regulates TAZ expression in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qingya Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qinglv Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
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12
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Fagg WS, Modahl CM, Widen S, Garcia-Blanco MA. The RNA binding protein Quaking represses splicing of the Fibronectin EDA exon and downregulates the interferon response. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10034-10045. [PMID: 34428287 PMCID: PMC8464043 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) controls RNA metabolism in many biological processes including innate immunity, where its roles remain incompletely understood. To illuminate these roles, we performed genome scale transcriptome profiling in QKI knockout cells with or without poly(I:C) transfection, a double-stranded RNA analog that mimics viral infection. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data shows that QKI knockout upregulates genes induced by interferons, suggesting that QKI is an immune suppressor. Furthermore, differential splicing analysis shows that QKI primarily controls cassette exons, and among these events, we noted that QKI silences splicing of the extra domain A (EDA) exon in fibronectin (FN1) transcripts. QKI knockout results in elevated production and secretion of FN1-EDA protein, which is a known activator of interferons. Consistent with an upregulation of the interferon response in QKI knockout cells, our results show reduced production of dengue virus-2 and Japanese encephalitis virus in these cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that QKI downregulates the interferon system and attenuates the antiviral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - W Samuel Fagg
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Cassandra M Modahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Steven Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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13
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Chung CZ, Balasuriya N, Siddika T, Frederick MI, Heinemann IU. Gld2 activity and RNA specificity is dynamically regulated by phosphorylation and interaction with QKI-7. RNA Biol 2021; 18:397-408. [PMID: 34288801 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1952540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell, RNA abundance is dynamically controlled by transcription and decay rates. Posttranscriptional nucleotide addition at the RNA 3' end is a means of regulating mRNA and RNA stability and activity, as well as marking RNAs for degradation. The human nucleotidyltransferase Gld2 polyadenylates mRNAs and monoadenylates microRNAs, leading to an increase in RNA stability. The broad substrate range of Gld2 and its role in controlling RNA stability make the regulation of Gld2 activity itself imperative. Gld2 activity can be regulated by post-translational phosphorylation via the oncogenic kinase Akt1 and other kinases, leading to either increased or almost abolished enzymatic activity, and here we confirm that Akt1 phosphorylates Gld2 in a cellular context. Another means to control Gld2 RNA specificity and activity is the interaction with RNA binding proteins. Known interactors are QKI-7 and CPEB, which recruit Gld2 to specific miRNAs and mRNAs. We investigate the interplay between five phosphorylation sites in the N-terminal domain of Gld2 and three RNA binding proteins. We found that the activity and RNA specificity of Gld2 is dynamically regulated by this network. Binding of QKI-7 or phosphorylation at S62 relieves the autoinhibitory function of the Gld2 N-terminal domain. Binding of QKI-7 to a short peptide sequence within the N-terminal domain can also override the deactivation caused by Akt1 phosphorylation at S116. Our data revealed that Gld2 substrate specificity and activity can be dynamically regulated to match the cellular need of RNA stabilization and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Z Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Nileeka Balasuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Tarana Siddika
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Mallory I Frederick
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ilka U Heinemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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14
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Chen X, Yin J, Cao D, Xiao D, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Shou W. The Emerging Roles of the RNA Binding Protein QKI in Cardiovascular Development and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668659. [PMID: 34222237 PMCID: PMC8242579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have a broad biological and physiological function and are critical in regulating pre-mRNA posttranscriptional processing, intracellular migration, and mRNA stability. QKI, also known as Quaking, is a member of the signal transduction and activation of RNA (STAR) family, which also belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K- (hnRNP K-) homology domain protein family. There are three major alternatively spliced isoforms, QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7, differing in carboxy-terminal domains. They share a common RNA binding property, but each isoform can regulate pre-mRNA splicing, transportation or stability differently in a unique cell type-specific manner. Previously, QKI has been known for its important role in contributing to neurological disorders. A series of recent work has further demonstrated that QKI has important roles in much broader biological systems, such as cardiovascular development, monocyte to macrophage differentiation, bone metabolism, and cancer progression. In this mini-review, we will focus on discussing the emerging roles of QKI in regulating cardiac and vascular development and function and its potential link to cardiovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianwen Yin
- Department of Foot, Ankle and Hand Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Weinian Shou
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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15
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Wang S, Tong X, Li C, Jin E, Su Z, Sun Z, Zhang W, Lei Z, Zhang HT. Quaking 5 suppresses TGF-β-induced EMT and cell invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52079. [PMID: 33769671 PMCID: PMC8183405 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) proteins belong to the signal transduction and activation of RNA (STAR) family of RNA-binding proteins that have multiple functions in RNA biology. Here, we show that QKI-5 is dramatically decreased in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). QKI-5 overexpression inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion, whereas QKI-5 knockdown has the opposite effect. QKI-5 overexpression and silencing suppresses and promotes TGF-β-stimulated metastasis in vivo, respectively. QKI-5 inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT and invasion in a TGFβR1-dependent manner. KLF6 knockdown increases TGFβR1 expression and promotes TGF-β-induced EMT, which is partly abrogated by QKI-5 overexpression. Mechanistically, QKI-5 directly interacts with the TGFβR1 3' UTR and causes post-transcriptional degradation of TGFβR1 mRNA, thereby inhibiting TGF-β-induced SMAD3 phosphorylation and TGF-β/SMAD signaling. QKI-5 is positively regulated by KLF6 at the transcriptional level. In LUAD tissues, KLF6 is lowly expressed and positively correlated with QKI-5 expression, while TGFβR1 expression is up-regulated and inversely correlated with QKI-5 expression. We reveal a novel mechanism by which KLF6 transcriptionally regulates QKI-5 and suggest that targeting the KLF6/QKI-5/TGFβR1 axis is a promising targeting strategy for metastatic LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ersuo Jin
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyue Su
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zelong Sun
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Ameis D, Liu F, Kirby E, Patel D, Keijzer R. The RNA-binding protein Quaking regulates multiciliated and basal cell abundance in the developing lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L557-L567. [PMID: 33438508 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00481.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form complexes with RNA, changing how the RNA is processed and thereby regulating gene expression. RBPs are important sources of gene regulation during organogenesis, including the development of lungs. The RBP called Quaking (QK) is critical for embryogenesis, yet it has not been studied in the developing lung. Here, we show that QK is widely expressed during rat lung development and into adulthood. The QK isoforms QK5 and QK7 colocalize to the nuclei of nearly all lung cells. QK6 is present in the nuclei and cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells and is only present in the epithelium during branching morphogenesis. QK knockdown in embryonic lung explants caused a greater number of multiciliated cells to appear in the airways, at the expense of basal cells. The mRNA of multiciliated cell genes and the abundance of FOXJ1/SOX2+ cells increased after knockdown, whereas P63/SOX2+ cells decreased. The cytokine IL-6, a known regulator of multiciliated cell differentiation, had increased mRNA levels after QK knockdown, although protein levels remained unchanged. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether QK acts as a blocker for the IL-6-induced differentiation of basal cells into multiciliated cells, and a conditional QK knockout would likely lead to additional discoveries on QK's role during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Ameis
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Franklin Liu
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eimear Kirby
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Daywin Patel
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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17
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Chen X, Liu Y, Xu C, Ba L, Liu Z, Li X, Huang J, Simpson E, Gao H, Cao D, Sheng W, Qi H, Ji H, Sanderson M, Cai CL, Li X, Yang L, Na J, Yamamura K, Liu Y, Huang G, Shou W, Sun N. QKI is a critical pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulator of cardiac myofibrillogenesis and contractile function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:89. [PMID: 33397958 PMCID: PMC7782589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein QKI belongs to the hnRNP K-homology domain protein family, a well-known regulator of pre-mRNA alternative splicing and is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Qki is found highly expressed in developing and adult hearts. By employing the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) to cardiomyocyte differentiation system and generating QKI-deficient hESCs (hESCs-QKIdel) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we analyze the physiological role of QKI in cardiomyocyte differentiation, maturation, and contractile function. hESCs-QKIdel largely maintain normal pluripotency and normal differentiation potential for the generation of early cardiogenic progenitors, but they fail to transition into functional cardiomyocytes. In this work, by using a series of transcriptomic, cell and biochemical analyses, and the Qki-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that QKI is indispensable to cardiac sarcomerogenesis and cardiac function through its regulation of alternative splicing in genes involved in Z-disc formation and contractile physiology, suggesting that QKI is associated with the pathogenesis of certain forms of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ying Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Chen Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Lina Ba
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Zhuo Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Xiuya Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ed Simpson
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Dayan Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica and Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Hanping Qi
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Hongrui Ji
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Maria Sanderson
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jie Na
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kenichi Yamamura
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumanoto University, Kumanoto, Japan
| | - Yunlong Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Guoying Huang
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weinian Shou
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ning Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang JZ, Fu X, Fang Z, Liu H, Zong FY, Zhu H, Yu YF, Zhang XY, Wang SF, Huang Y, Hui J. QKI-5 regulates the alternative splicing of cytoskeletal gene ADD3 in lung cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 13:347-360. [PMID: 33196842 PMCID: PMC8373271 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the alternative splicing program undergoes extensive changes during cancer development and progression. The RNA-binding protein QKI-5 is frequently downregulated and exhibits anti-tumor activity in lung cancer. Howeve-r, little is known about the functional targets and regulatory mechanism of QKI-5. Here, we report that upregulation of exon 14 inclusion of cytoskeletal gene Adducin 3 (ADD3) significantly correlates with a poor prognosis in lung cancer. QKI-5 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in part through suppressing the splicing of ADD3 exon 14. Through genome-wide mapping of QKI-5 binding sites in vivo at nucleotide resolution by iCLIP-seq analysis, we found that QKI-5 regulates alternative splicing of its target mRNAs in a binding position-dependent manner. By binding to multiple sites in an upstream intron region, QKI-5 represses the splicing of ADD3 exon 14. We also identified several QKI mutations in tumors, which cause dysregulation of the splicing of QKI targets ADD3 and NUMB. Taken together, our results reveal that QKI-mediated alternative splicing of ADD3 is a key lung cancer-associated splicing event, which underlies in part the tumor suppressor function of QKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feng-Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shen-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Nikonova E, Kao SY, Spletter ML. Contributions of alternative splicing to muscle type development and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:65-80. [PMID: 32070639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals possess a wide variety of muscle types that support different kinds of movements. Different muscles have distinct locations, morphologies and contractile properties, raising the question of how muscle diversity is generated during development. Normal aging processes and muscle disorders differentially affect particular muscle types, thus understanding how muscles normally develop and are maintained provides insight into alterations in disease and senescence. As muscle structure and basic developmental mechanisms are highly conserved, many important insights into disease mechanisms in humans as well as into basic principles of muscle development have come from model organisms such as Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse. While transcriptional regulation has been characterized to play an important role in myogenesis, there is a growing recognition of the contributions of alternative splicing to myogenesis and the refinement of muscle function. Here we review our current understanding of muscle type specific alternative splicing, using examples of isoforms with distinct functions from both vertebrates and Drosophila. Future exploration of the vast potential of alternative splicing to fine-tune muscle development and function will likely uncover novel mechanisms of isoform-specific regulation and a more holistic understanding of muscle development, disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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20
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de Bruin RG, Vogel G, Prins J, Duijs JMJG, Bijkerk R, van der Zande HJP, van Gils JM, de Boer HC, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ, van der Veer EP, Richard S. Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein QKI in Myeloid Cells Ameliorates Macrophage-Induced Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:epigenomes4010002. [PMID: 34968236 PMCID: PMC8594696 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathophysiologic setting of acute and chronic kidney injury, the excessive activation and recruitment of blood-borne monocytes prompts their differentiation into inflammatory macrophages, a process that leads to progressive glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Importantly, this differentiation of monocytes into macrophages requires the meticulous coordination of gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The transcriptomes of these cells are ultimately determined by RNA-binding proteins such as QUAKING (QKI), that define their pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA transcript patterns. Using two mouse models, namely (1) quaking viable mice (qkv) and (2) the conditional deletion in the myeloid cell lineage using the lysozyme 2-Cre (QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice), we demonstrate that the abrogation of QKI expression in the myeloid cell lineage reduces macrophage infiltration following kidney injury induced by unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO). The qkv and QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice both showed significant diminished interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis in the UUO-damaged kidney, as compared to wild-type littermates. We show that macrophages isolated from QKIFL/FL;LysM-Cre mice are associated with defects in pre-mRNA splicing. Our findings demonstrate that reduced expression of the alternative splice regulator QKI in the cells of myeloid lineage attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that inhibition of this splice regulator may be of therapeutic value for certain kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G. de Bruin
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Gillian Vogel
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
| | - Jurrien Prins
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Jacques M. J. G. Duijs
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Hendrik J. P. van der Zande
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Janine M. van Gils
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
| | - Eric P. van der Veer
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, C7-36, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (R.G.d.B.); (J.P.); (J.M.J.G.D.); (R.B.); (H.J.P.v.d.Z.); (J.M.v.G.); (H.C.d.B.); (T.J.R.); (A.J.v.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.v.d.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
- Correspondence: (E.P.v.d.V.); (S.R.)
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21
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miR-196b-5p-mediated downregulation of TSPAN12 and GATA6 promotes tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4347-4357. [PMID: 32041891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917531117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 80% of lung cancer cases. The RNA binding protein, QKI, belongs to the STAR family and plays tumor-suppressive functions in NSCLC. QKI-5 is a major isoform of QKIs and is predominantly expressed in NSCLC. However, the underlying mechanisms of QKI-5 in NSCLC progression remain unclear. We found that QKI-5 regulated microRNA (miRNA), miR-196b-5p, and its expression was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues. Up-regulated miR-196b-5p promotes lung cancer cell migration, proliferation, and cell cycle through directly targeting the tumor suppressors, GATA6 and TSPAN12. Both GATA6 and TSPAN12 expressions were down-regulated in NSCLC patient tissue samples and were negatively correlated with miR-196b-5p expression. Mouse xenograft models demonstrated that miR-196b-5p functions as a potent onco-miRNA, whereas TSPAN12 functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC in vivo. QKI-5 bound to miR-196b-5p and influenced its stability, resulting in up-regulated miR-196b-5p expression in NSCLC. Further analysis showed that hypomethylation in the promoter region enhanced miR-196b-5p expression in NSCLC. Our findings indicate that QKI-5 may exhibit novel anticancer mechanisms by regulating miRNA in NSCLC, and targeting the QKI5∼miR-196b-5p∼GATA6/TSPAN12 pathway may enable effectively treating some NSCLCs.
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22
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Jacobs KA, André‐Grégoire G, Maghe C, Thys A, Li Y, Harford‐Wright E, Trillet K, Douanne T, Alves Nicolau C, Frénel J, Bidère N, Gavard J. Paracaspase MALT1 regulates glioma cell survival by controlling endo-lysosome homeostasis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102030. [PMID: 31774199 PMCID: PMC6939194 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal forms of adult cancer with a median survival of around 15 months. A potential treatment strategy involves targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC), which constitute a cell autonomous reservoir of aberrant cells able to initiate, maintain, and repopulate the tumor mass. Here, we report that the expression of the paracaspase mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue l (MALT1), a protease previously linked to antigen receptor-mediated NF-κB activation and B-cell lymphoma survival, inversely correlates with patient probability of survival. The knockdown of MALT1 largely impaired the expansion of patient-derived stem-like cells in vitro, and this could be recapitulated with pharmacological inhibitors, in vitro and in vivo. Blocking MALT1 protease activity increases the endo-lysosome abundance, impairs autophagic flux, and culminates in lysosomal-mediated cell death, concomitantly with mTOR inactivation and dispersion from endo-lysosomes. These findings place MALT1 as a new druggable target involved in glioblastoma and unveil ways to modulate the homeostasis of endo-lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Jacobs
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Gwennan André‐Grégoire
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
- Integrated Center for OncologyICOSt. HerblainFrance
| | - Clément Maghe
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - An Thys
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Ying Li
- Tsinghua University‐Peking University Joint Center for Life SciencesTechnology Center for Protein SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Kilian Trillet
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Tiphaine Douanne
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bidère
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
| | - Julie Gavard
- Team SOAPCRCINA, InsermCNRSUniversité de NantesUniversité d'AngersNantesFrance
- Integrated Center for OncologyICOSt. HerblainFrance
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23
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Fagg WS, Bradrick SS, Pompon J, Garcia-Blanco MA. The RNA binding protein Quaking represses host interferon response by downregulating MAVS. RNA Biol 2019; 17:366-380. [PMID: 31829086 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1703069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism and many biological processes. Despite a known immune function in regulating monocyte differentiation and inflammatory responses, the degree to which QKI regulates the host interferon (IFN) response remains poorly characterized. Here we show that QKI ablation enhances poly(I:C) and viral infection-induced IFNβ transcription. Characterization of IFN-related signalling cascades reveals that QKI knockout results in higher levels of IRF3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, complementation with QKI-5 isoform alone is sufficient to rescue this phenotype and reduce IRF3 phosphorylation. Further analysis shows that MAVS, but not RIG-I or MDA5, is robustly upregulated in the absence of QKI, suggesting that QKI downregulates MAVS and thus represses the host IFN response. As expected, MAVS depletion reduces IFNβ activation and knockout of MAVS in the QKI knockout cells completely abolishes IFNβ induction. Consistently, ectopic expression of RIG-I activates stronger IFNβ induction via MAVS-IRF3 pathway in the absence of QKI. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a novel role for QKI in negatively regulating host IFN response by reducing MAVS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - W Samuel Fagg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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24
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Stability and flexibility of full-length human oligodendrocytic QKI6. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:609. [PMID: 31547849 PMCID: PMC6757426 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Oligodendrocytes account for myelination in the central nervous system. During myelin compaction, key proteins are translated in the vicinity of the myelin membrane, requiring targeted mRNA transport. Quaking isoform 6 (QKI6) is a STAR domain-containing RNA transport protein, which binds a conserved motif in the 3′-UTR of certain mRNAs, affecting the translation of myelination-involved proteins. RNA binding has been earlier structurally characterized, but information about full-length QKI6 conformation is lacking. Based on known domains and structure predicitons, we expected full-length QKI6 to be flexible and carry disordered regions. Hence, we carried out biophysical and structural characterization of human QKI6. Results We expressed and purified full-length QKI6 and characterized it using mass spectrometry, light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. QKI6 was monodisperse, folded, and mostly dimeric, being oxidation-sensitive. The C-terminal tail was intrinsically disordered, as predicted. In the absence of RNA, the RNA-binding subdomain is likely to present major flexibility. In thermal stability assays, a double sequential unfolding behaviour was observed in the presence of phosphate, which may interact with the RNA-binding domain. The results confirm the flexibility and partial disorder of QKI6, which may be functionally relevant.
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25
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Quaking orchestrates a post-transcriptional regulatory network of endothelial cell cycle progression critical to angiogenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2019; 38:5191-5210. [PMID: 30918328 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical to cancer development and metastasis. However, anti-angiogenic agents have only had modest therapeutic success, partly due to an incomplete understanding of tumor endothelial cell (EC) biology. We previously reported that the microRNA (miR)-200 family inhibits metastasis through regulation of tumor angiogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. Here, using integrated bioinformatics approaches, we identified the RNA-binding protein (RBP) quaking (QKI) as a leading miR-200b endothelial target with previously unappreciated roles in the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. In lung cancer samples, both miR-200b suppression and QKI overexpression corresponded with tumor ECs relative to normal ECs, and QKI silencing phenocopied miR-200b-mediated inhibition of sprouting. Additionally, both cancer cell and endothelial QKI expression in patient samples significantly corresponded with poor survival and correlated with angiogenic indices. QKI supported EC function by stabilizing cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA to promote EC G1/S cell cycle transition and proliferation. Both nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference of endothelial QKI expression and palbociclib blockade of CCND1 function potently inhibited metastasis in concert with significant effects on tumor vasculature. Altogether, this work demonstrates the clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of a novel, actionable miR/RBP axis in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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26
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Tuna M, Amos CI, Mills GB. Molecular mechanisms and pathobiology of oncogenic fusion transcripts in epithelial tumors. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2095-2111. [PMID: 31007851 PMCID: PMC6459343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent fusion transcripts, which are one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer, arise either from chromosomal rearrangements or from transcriptional errors in splicing. DNA rearrangements include intrachromosomal or interchromosomal translocation, tandem duplication, deletion, inversion, or result from chromothripsis, which causes complex rearrangements. In addition, fusion proteins can be created through transcriptional read-through. Fusion genes can be transcribed to fusion transcripts and translated to chimeric proteins, with many having demonstrated transforming activities through multiple mechanisms in cells. Fusion proteins represent novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers of diagnosis, disease status, or progression. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the formation of oncogenic fusion genes and transcripts and their impact on the pathobiology of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaffe Tuna
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Precision Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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27
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Katsel P, Roussos P, Fam P, Khan S, Tan W, Hirose T, Nakagawa S, Pletnikov MV, Haroutunian V. The expression of long noncoding RNA NEAT1 is reduced in schizophrenia and modulates oligodendrocytes transcription. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2019; 5:3. [PMID: 30696826 PMCID: PMC6386752 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-019-0071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OLG)-related abnormalities have been broadly observed in schizophrenia (SZ); however, the etiology of these abnormalities remains unknown. As SZ is broadly believed to be a developmental disorder, the etiology of the myelin abnormalities in SZ may be related to OLG fate specification during development. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an important part of multifaceted transcriptional complexes participating in neurogenic commitment and regulation of postmitotic cell function. The long ncRNA, NEAT1, is a structural component of paraspeckles (subnuclear bodies in interchromatin regions) that may control activity of developmental enhancers of OLG fate specification. Gene expression studies of multiple cortical regions from individuals with SZ showed strong downregulation of NEAT1 levels relative to controls. NEAT1-deficient mice show significant decreases in the numbers of OLG-lineage cells in the frontal cortex. To gain further insight into biological processes affected by NEAT1 deficiency, we analyzed RNA-seq data from frontal cortex of NEAT1-/- mice. Analyses of differentially expressed gene signature from NEAT1-/- mice revealed a significant impact on processes related to OLG differentiation and RNA posttranscriptional modification with the underlying mechanisms involving Wnt signaling, cell contact interactions, and regulation of cholesterol/lipid metabolism. Additional studies revealed evidence of co-expression of SOX10, an OLG transcription factor, and NEAT1, and showed enrichment of OLG-specific transcripts in NEAT1 purified chromatin isolates from human frontal cortex. Reduced nuclear retention of quaking isoform 5 in NEAT1-/- mice shed light on possible mechanism(s) responsible for reduced expression of OLG/myelin proteins and supported the involvement of NEAT1 in oligodendrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Friedman Brain Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Fam
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sonia Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weilun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, RNA Biology Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, RNA Biology Laboratory, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.,RIKEN, RNA Biology Laboratory, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Groves JA, Gillman C, DeLay CN, Kroll TT. Identification of Novel Binding Partners for Transcription Factor Emx2. Protein J 2019; 38:2-11. [PMID: 30628007 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian homolog of Drosophila empty spiracles 2 (Emx2) is a homeobox transcription factor that plays central roles in early development of the inner ear, pelvic and shoulder girdles, cerebral cortex, and urogenital organs. The role for Emx2 is best understood within the context of the development of the neocortical region of the cortex, where Emx2 is expressed in a high posterior-medial to low anterior-lateral gradient that regulates the partitioning of the neocortex into different functional fields that perform discrete computational tasks. Despite several lines of evidence demonstrating an Emx2 concentration-dependent mechanism for establishing functional areas within the developing neocortex, little is known about how Emx2 physically carries out this role. Although several binding partners for Emx2 have been identified (including Sp8, eIF4E, and Pbx1), no screens have been used to identify potential protein binding partners for this protein. We utilized a yeast two-hybrid screen using a library constructed from embryonic mouse cDNA in an attempt to identify novel binding partners for Emx2. This initial screen isolated two potential Emx2-binding partner proteins, Cnot6l and QkI-7. These novel Emx2-binding proteins are involved in multiple levels of mRNA metabolism that including splicing, mRNA export, translation, and destruction, thus making them interesting targets for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98929-7539, USA
| | - Cody Gillman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 157 Broad Center, M/C, Pasadena, USA
| | - Cierra N DeLay
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98929-7539, USA
| | - Todd T Kroll
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98929-7539, USA.
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29
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Masuda K, Kuwano Y. Diverse roles of RNA-binding proteins in cancer traits and their implications in gastrointestinal cancers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 10:e1520. [PMID: 30479000 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression patterns in cancer cells are strongly influenced by posttranscriptional mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation; they can interact with target mRNAs in a sequence- and structure-dependent manner, and determine cellular behavior by manipulating the processing of these mRNAs. Numerous RBPs are aberrantly deregulated in many human cancers and hence, affect the functioning of mRNAs that encode proteins, implicated in carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the key roles of RBPs in posttranscriptional gene regulation, describe RBPs disrupted in cancer, and lastly focus on RBPs that are responsible for implementing cancer traits in the digestive tract. These evidences may reveal a potential link between changes in expression/function of RBPs and malignant transformation, and a framework for new insights and potential therapeutic applications. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Masuda
- Kawasaki Medical School at Kurashiki-City, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School at Tokushima-City, Tokushima, Japan
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30
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Ng WC, Neo SP, Pompon J, Gunaratne J, Ooi EE, Garcia-Blanco MA. Identification and characterization of host proteins bound to dengue virus 3' UTR reveal an antiviral role for quaking proteins. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:803-814. [PMID: 29572260 PMCID: PMC5959249 DOI: 10.1261/rna.064006.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The four dengue viruses (DENV1-4) are rapidly reemerging infectious RNA viruses. These positive-strand viral genomes contain structured 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that interact with various host RNA binding proteins (RBPs). These RBPs are functionally important in viral replication, pathogenesis, and defense against host immune mechanisms. Here, we combined RNA chromatography and quantitative mass spectrometry to identify proteins interacting with DENV1-4 3' UTRs. As expected, RBPs displayed distinct binding specificity. Among them, we focused on quaking (QKI) because of its preference for the DENV4 3' UTR (DENV-4/SG/06K2270DK1/2005). RNA immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that QKI interacted with DENV4 genomes in infected cells. Moreover, QKI depletion enhanced infectious particle production of DENV4. On the contrary, QKI did not interact with DENV2 3' UTR, and DENV2 replication was not affected consistently by QKI depletion. Next, we mapped the QKI interaction site and identified a QKI response element (QRE) in DENV4 3' UTR. Interestingly, removal of QRE from DENV4 3' UTR abolished this interaction and increased DENV4 viral particle production. Introduction of the QRE to DENV2 3' UTR led to QKI binding and reduced DENV2 infectious particle production. Finally, reporter assays suggest that QKI reduced translation efficiency of viral RNA. Our work describes a novel function of QKI in restricting viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Wy Ching Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545
- Singapore MIT Alliance in Research and Technology Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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31
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Shi HJ, Liu WB, Xu C, Zhang DD, Wang BK, Zhang L, Li XF. Molecular Characterization of the RNA-Binding Protein Quaking-a in Megalobrama amblycephala: Response to High-Carbohydrate Feeding and Glucose/Insulin/Glucagon Treatment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29740344 PMCID: PMC5928497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein quaking-a (Qkia) was cloned from the liver of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, with its potential role in glucose metabolism investigated. The full-length cDNA of qkia covered 1,718 bp, with an open reading frame of 1,572 bp, which encodes 383 AA. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (97–99%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The mRNA of qkia was detected in all examined organs/tissues. Then, the plasma glucose levels and tissue qkia expressions were determined in fish intraperitoneally injected with glucose [1.67 g per kg body weight (BW)], insulin (0.052 mg/kg BW), and glucagon (0.075 mg/kg BW) respectively, as well as in fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (31 and 41%) for 12 weeks. Glucose administration induced a remarkable increase of plasma glucose with the highest value being recorded at 1 h. Thereafter, it reduced to the basal value. After glucose administration, qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h in liver and muscle and 8 h in brain, respectively. Then they gradually returned to the basal value. The insulin injection induced a significant decrease of plasma glucose with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h, whereas the opposite was true after glucagon load (the highest value was gained at 4 h). Subsequently, glucose levels gradually returned to the basal value. After insulin administration, the qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being attained at 2 h in brain and muscle and 1 h in liver, respectively. However, glucagon significantly stimulated the expressions of qkia in tissues with the highest value being gained at 6 h. Moreover, high dietary carbohydrate levels remarkably increased plasma glucose levels, but down-regulated the transcriptions of qkia in tissues. These results indicated that the gene of blunt snout bream shared a high similarity with that of the other vertebrates. Glucose and insulin administration, as well as high-carbohydrate feeding, remarkably down-regulated its transcriptions in brain, muscle and liver, whereas the opposite was true after the glucagon load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Fagg WS, Liu N, Fair JH, Shiue L, Katzman S, Donohue JP, Ares M. Autogenous cross-regulation of Quaking mRNA processing and translation balances Quaking functions in splicing and translation. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1894-1909. [PMID: 29021242 PMCID: PMC5695090 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302059.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quaking protein isoforms arise from a single Quaking gene and bind the same RNA motif to regulate splicing, translation, decay, and localization of a large set of RNAs. However, the mechanisms by which Quaking expression is controlled to ensure that appropriate amounts of each isoform are available for such disparate gene expression processes are unknown. Here we explore how levels of two isoforms, nuclear Quaking-5 (Qk5) and cytoplasmic Qk6, are regulated in mouse myoblasts. We found that Qk5 and Qk6 proteins have distinct functions in splicing and translation, respectively, enforced through differential subcellular localization. We show that Qk5 and Qk6 regulate distinct target mRNAs in the cell and act in distinct ways on their own and each other's transcripts to create a network of autoregulatory and cross-regulatory feedback controls. Morpholino-mediated inhibition of Qk translation confirms that Qk5 controls Qk RNA levels by promoting accumulation and alternative splicing of Qk RNA, whereas Qk6 promotes its own translation while repressing Qk5. This Qk isoform cross-regulatory network responds to additional cell type and developmental controls to generate a spectrum of Qk5/Qk6 ratios, where they likely contribute to the wide range of functions of Quaking in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Samuel Fagg
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.,Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Naiyou Liu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haskell Fair
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Lily Shiue
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Sol Katzman
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - John Paul Donohue
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Manuel Ares
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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33
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Shu P, Fu H, Zhao X, Wu C, Ruan X, Zeng Y, Liu W, Wang M, Hou L, Chen P, Yin B, Yuan J, Qiang B, Peng X. MicroRNA-214 modulates neural progenitor cell differentiation by targeting Quaking during cerebral cortex development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8014. [PMID: 28808337 PMCID: PMC5556025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate generation of an appropriate number of different neuronal and glial subtypes is fundamental to normal brain functions and requires tightly orchestrated spatial and temporal developmental programmes to maintain the balance between the proliferation and the differentiation of neural progenitor cells. However, the molecular mechanism governing this process has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that miR-214-3p was highly expressed in neural progenitor cells and dynamically regulated during neocortical development. Moreover, our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that miR-214 inhibited self-renewal of neural progenitor cells and promoted neurogenesis. In addition, after target screening, we identified miR-214 targets including Quaking (Qki) by binding the 3'- untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the Qki mRNA, which was specifically expressed in the progenitor cells of the proliferative ventricular zone as 3 Qki isoforms. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of Qki showed that the different isoforms of Qki had different functions in the regulation of neural progenitor cells differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of Qki could counteract the function of miR-214 in neurogenesis. Our results revealed that miR-214 maintains the balance between neural progenitor/stem cell proliferation and differentiation together with Quaking, its target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hongye Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiangbin Ruan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lin Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bin Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiangang Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Boqin Qiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Neuroscience Center, Medical Primates Research Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Transcriptome profiling of mouse brains with qkI-deficient oligodendrocytes reveals major alternative splicing defects including self-splicing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7554. [PMID: 28790308 PMCID: PMC5548867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The qkI gene encodes a family of RNA binding proteins alternatively spliced at its 3′ end, giving rise to three major spliced isoforms: QKI-5, QKI-6 and QKI-7. Their expression is tightly regulated during brain development with nuclear QKI-5 being the most abundant during embryogenesis followed by QKI-6 and QKI-7 that peak during myelination. Previously, we generated a mouse conditional qkI allele where exon 2 is excised using Olig2-Cre resulting in QKI-deficient oligodendrocytes (OLs). These mice have dysmyelination and die at the third post-natal week. Herein, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of P14 mouse brains of QKI-proficient (QKIFL/FL;-) and QKI-deficient (QKIFL/FL;Olig2-Cre) OLs. QKI deficiency results in major global changes of gene expression and RNA processing with >1,800 differentially expressed genes with the top categories being axon ensheathment and myelination. Specific downregulated genes included major myelin proteins, suggesting that the QKI proteins are key regulators of RNA metabolism in OLs. We also identify 810 alternatively spliced genes including known QKI targets, MBP and Nfasc. Interestingly, we observe in QKIFL/FL;Olig2-Cre a switch in exon 2-deficient qkI mRNAs favoring the expression of the qkI-5 rather than the qkI-6 and qkI-7. These findings define QKI as regulators of alternative splicing in OLs including self-splicing.
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Thangaraj MP, Furber KL, Gan JK, Ji S, Sobchishin L, Doucette JR, Nazarali AJ. RNA-binding Protein Quaking Stabilizes Sirt2 mRNA during Oligodendroglial Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5166-5182. [PMID: 28188285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is controlled by timely expression of genes involved in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, plays a critical role in OL differentiation by promoting both arborization and downstream expression of myelin-specific genes. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating SIRT2 expression during OL development are largely unknown. The RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) plays an important role in myelination by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of several myelin specific genes. In quaking viable (qkv/qkv ) mutant mice, SIRT2 protein is severely reduced; however, it is not known whether these genes interact to regulate OL differentiation. Here, we report for the first time that QKI directly binds to Sirt2 mRNA via a common quaking response element (QRE) located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) to control SIRT2 expression in OL lineage cells. This interaction is associated with increased stability and longer half-lives of Sirt2.1 and Sirt2.2 transcripts leading to increased accumulation of Sirt2 transcripts. Consistent with this, overexpression of qkI promoted the expression of Sirt2 mRNA and protein. However, overexpression of the nuclear isoform qkI-5 promoted the expression of Sirt2 mRNA, but not SIRT2 protein, and delayed OL differentiation. These results suggest that the balance in the subcellular distribution and temporal expression of QKI isoforms control the availability of Sirt2 mRNA for translation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that QKI directly plays a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation and expression of Sirt2 to facilitate OL differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin P Thangaraj
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kendra L Furber
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jotham K Gan
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Larhonda Sobchishin
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - J Ronald Doucette
- the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,the Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, City Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 0M7, Canada, and
| | - Adil J Nazarali
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and .,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,the Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, City Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 0M7, Canada, and
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36
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Quaking Regulates Neurofascin 155 Expression for Myelin and Axoglial Junction Maintenance. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4106-20. [PMID: 27053216 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3529-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED RNA binding proteins required for the maintenance of myelin and axoglial junctions are unknown. Herein, we report that deletion of the Quaking (QKI) RNA binding proteins in oligodendrocytes (OLs) using Olig2-Cre results in mice displaying rapid tremors at postnatal day 10, followed by death at postnatal week 3. Extensive CNS hypomyelination was observed as a result of OL differentiation defects during development. The QKI proteins were also required for adult myelin maintenance, because their ablation using PLP-CreERT resulted in hindlimb paralysis with immobility at ∼30 d after 4-hydroxytamoxifen injection. Moreover, deterioration of axoglial junctions of the spinal cord was observed and is consistent with a loss of Neurofascin 155 (Nfasc155) isoform that we confirmed as an alternative splice target of the QKI proteins. Our findings define roles for the QKI RNA binding proteins in myelin development and maintenance, as well as in the generation of Nfasc155 to maintain healthy axoglial junctions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurofascin 155 is responsible for axoglial junction formation and maintenance. Using a genetic mouse model to delete Quaking (QKI) RNA-binding proteins in oligodendrocytes, we identify QKI as the long-sought regulator of Neurofascin alternative splicing, further establishing the role of QKI in oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We establish a new role for QKI in myelin and axoglial junction maintenance using an inducible genetic mouse model that deletes QKI in mature oligodendrocytes. Loss of QKI in adult oligodendrocytes leads to phenotypes reminiscent of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model with complete hindlimb paralysis and death by 30 d after induction of QKI deletion.
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37
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Darbelli L, Richard S. Emerging functions of the Quaking RNA-binding proteins and link to human diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:399-412. [PMID: 26991871 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential players in RNA metabolism including key cellular processes from pre-mRNA splicing to mRNA translation. The K homology-type QUAKING RBP is emerging as a vital factor for oligodendrocytes, monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cell, and myocyte function. Interestingly, the qkI gene has now been identified as the culprit gene for a patient with intellectual disabilities and is translocated in a pediatric ganglioglioma as a fusion protein with MYB. In this review, we will focus on the emerging discoveries of the QKI proteins as well as highlight the recent advances in understanding the role of QKI in human disease pathology including myelin disorders, schizophrenia and cancer. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:399-412. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1344 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Darbelli
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada, H3T 1E2
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada, H3T 1E2
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38
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Yamagishi R, Tsusaka T, Mitsunaga H, Maehata T, Hoshino SI. The STAR protein QKI-7 recruits PAPD4 to regulate post-transcriptional polyadenylation of target mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2475-90. [PMID: 26926106 PMCID: PMC4824116 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that regulating the length of the poly(A) tail on an mRNA is an efficient means of controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In early development, transcription is silenced and gene expression is primarily regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation. In somatic cells, considerable progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of negative regulation by deadenylation. However, positive regulation through elongation of the poly(A) tail has not been widely studied due to the difficulty in distinguishing whether any observed increase in length is due to the synthesis of new mRNA, reduced deadenylation or cytoplasmic polyadenylation. Here, we overcame this barrier by developing a method for transcriptional pulse-chase analysis under conditions where deadenylases are suppressed. This strategy was used to show that a member of the Star family of RNA binding proteins, QKI, promotes polyadenylation when tethered to a reporter mRNA. Although multiple RNA binding proteins have been implicated in cytoplasmic polyadenylation during early development, previously only CPEB was known to function in this capacity in somatic cells. Importantly, we show that only the cytoplasmic isoform QKI-7 promotes poly(A) tail extension, and that it does so by recruiting the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase PAPD4 through its unique carboxyl-terminal region. We further show that QKI-7 specifically promotes polyadenylation and translation of three natural target mRNAs (hnRNPA1, p27kip1 and β-catenin) in a manner that is dependent on the QKI response element. An anti-mitogenic signal that induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase elicits polyadenylation and translation of p27kip1 mRNA via QKI and PAPD4. Taken together, our findings provide significant new insight into a general mechanism for positive regulation of gene expression by post-transcriptional polyadenylation in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsusaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroko Mitsunaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takaharu Maehata
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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de Bruin RG, van der Veer EP, Prins J, Lee DH, Dane MJC, Zhang H, Roeten MK, Bijkerk R, de Boer HC, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. The RNA-binding protein quaking maintains endothelial barrier function and affects VE-cadherin and β-catenin protein expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21643. [PMID: 26905650 PMCID: PMC4764852 DOI: 10.1038/srep21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of endothelial cell-cell contacts is essential for physiological functioning of the endothelium. Interendothelial junctions are actively involved in the control of vascular leakage, leukocyte diapedesis, and the initiation and progression of angiogenesis. We found that the RNA-binding protein quaking is highly expressed by endothelial cells, and that its expression was augmented by prolonged culture under laminar flow and the transcription factor KLF2 binding to the promoter. Moreover, we demonstrated that quaking directly binds to the mRNA of VE-cadherin and β-catenin and can induce mRNA translation mediated by the 3′UTR of these genes. Reduced quaking levels attenuated VE-cadherin and β-catenin expression and endothelial barrier function in vitro and resulted in increased bradykinin-induced vascular leakage in vivo. Taken together, we report that quaking is essential in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Our results provide novel insight into the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in controlling vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G de Bruin
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric P van der Veer
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriën Prins
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C Dane
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marko K Roeten
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty C de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine M van Gils
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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40
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Bandopadhayay P, Ramkissoon LA, Jain P, Bergthold G, Wala J, Zeid R, Schumacher SE, Urbanski L, O'Rourke R, Gibson WJ, Pelton K, Ramkissoon SH, Han HJ, Zhu Y, Choudhari N, Silva A, Boucher K, Henn RE, Kang YJ, Knoff D, Paolella BR, Gladden-Young A, Varlet P, Pages M, Horowitz PM, Federation A, Malkin H, Tracy AA, Seepo S, Ducar M, Van Hummelen P, Santi M, Buccoliero AM, Scagnet M, Bowers DC, Giannini C, Puget S, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Klekner A, Bognar L, Burger PC, Eberhart C, Rodriguez FJ, Hill DA, Mueller S, Haas-Kogan DA, Phillips JJ, Santagata S, Stiles CD, Bradner JE, Jabado N, Goren A, Grill J, Ligon AH, Goumnerova L, Waanders AJ, Storm PB, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Beroukhim R, Resnick AC. MYB-QKI rearrangements in angiocentric glioma drive tumorigenicity through a tripartite mechanism. Nat Genet 2016; 48:273-82. [PMID: 26829751 PMCID: PMC4767685 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiocentric gliomas are pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) without known recurrent genetic drivers. We performed genomic analysis of new and published data from 249 PLGGs including 19 Angiocentric Gliomas. We identified MYB-QKI fusions as a specific and single candidate driver event in Angiocentric Gliomas. In vitro and in vivo functional studies show MYB-QKI rearrangements promote tumorigenesis through three mechanisms: MYB activation by truncation, enhancer translocation driving aberrant MYB-QKI expression, and hemizygous loss of the tumor suppressor QKI. This represents the first example of a single driver rearrangement simultaneously transforming cells via three genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori A Ramkissoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Payal Jain
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Gene Therapy and Vaccines Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guillaume Bergthold
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent et Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8203 'Vectorologie et Nouvelles Therapeutiques du Cancer', Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jeremiah Wala
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhamy Zeid
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E Schumacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Urbanski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan O'Rourke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Gibson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine Pelton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harry J Han
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuankun Zhu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Namrata Choudhari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katie Boucher
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosemary E Henn
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yun Jee Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Knoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brenton R Paolella
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Pascale Varlet
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Pages
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Peleg M Horowitz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Federation
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hayley Malkin
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sara Seepo
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Ducar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Van Hummelen
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mirko Scagnet
- Neurosurgery Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel C Bowers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie Puget
- Departement de Neurochirurgie, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Bognar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter C Burger
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Ashley Hill
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles D Stiles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alon Goren
- Broad Technology Laboratories, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacques Grill
- Department de Cancerologie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent et Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8203 'Vectorologie et Nouvelles Therapeutiques du Cancer', Gustave Roussy, Université Paris XI Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Azra H Ligon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Pathology, Center for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Cytogenetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liliana Goumnerova
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela J Waanders
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Radomska KJ, Sager J, Farnsworth B, Tellgren-Roth Å, Tuveri G, Peuckert C, Kettunen P, Jazin E, Emilsson LS. Characterization and Expression of the Zebrafish qki Paralogs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146155. [PMID: 26727370 PMCID: PMC4699748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) is an RNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional mRNA processing. This gene is found to be associated with several human neurological disorders. Early expression of QKI proteins in the developing mouse neuroepithelium, together with neural tube defects in Qk mouse mutants, suggest the functional requirement of Qk for the establishment of the nervous system. As a knockout of Qk is embryonic lethal in mice, other model systems like the zebrafish could serve as a tool to study the developmental functions of qki. In the present study we sought to characterize the evolutionary relationship and spatiotemporal expression of qkia, qki2, and qkib; zebrafish homologs of human QKI. We found that qkia is an ancestral paralog of the single tetrapod Qk gene that was likely lost during the fin-to-limb transition. Conversely, qkib and qki2 are orthologs, emerging at the root of the vertebrate and teleost lineage, respectively. Both qki2 and qkib, but not qkia, were expressed in the progenitor domains of the central nervous system, similar to expression of the single gene in mice. Despite having partially overlapping expression domains, each gene has a unique expression pattern, suggesting that these genes have undergone subfunctionalization following duplication. Therefore, we suggest the zebrafish could be used to study the separate functions of qki genes during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna J. Radomska
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Sager
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryn Farnsworth
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tellgren-Roth
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulia Tuveri
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christiane Peuckert
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jazin
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina S. Emilsson
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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42
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Wang H, Pan JQ, Luo L, Ning XJ, Ye ZP, Yu Z, Li WS. NF-κB induces miR-148a to sustain TGF-β/Smad signaling activation in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:2. [PMID: 25971746 PMCID: PMC4429406 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are mutually inhibitory. However, hyperactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and TGF-β signaling both emerge in glioblastoma. Here, we report microRNA-148a (miR-148a) overexpression in glioblastoma and that miR-148a directly suppressed Quaking (QKI), a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Methods We determined NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling activity using pNF-κB-luc, pSMAD-luc, and control plasmids. The association between an RNA-induced silencing complex and QKI, mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), S-phase kinase–associated protein 1 (SKP1), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was tested with microribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation and real-time PCR. Xenograft tumors were established in the brains of nude mice. Results QKI suppression induced an aggressive phenotype of glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, we found that NF-κB induced miR-148a expression, leading to enhanced-strength and prolonged-duration TGF-β/Smad signaling. Notably, these findings were consistent with the significant correlation between miR-148a levels with NF-κB hyperactivation and activated TGF-β/Smad signaling in a cohort of human glioblastoma specimens. Conclusions These findings uncover a plausible mechanism for NF-κB–sustained TGF-β/Smad activation via miR-148a in glioblastoma, and may suggest a new target for clinical intervention in human cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-14-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tian He Road, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Jian-Qing Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, 518052, China. .,Guangzhou Biocare Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510663, China.
| | - Lun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tian He Road, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Xin-Jie Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tian He Road, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Zhuo-Peng Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tian He Road, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Zhe Yu
- Guangzhou Biocare Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510663, China.
| | - Wen-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tian He Road, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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43
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Mandler MD, Ku L, Feng Y. A cytoplasmic quaking I isoform regulates the hnRNP F/H-dependent alternative splicing pathway in myelinating glia. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7319-29. [PMID: 24792162 PMCID: PMC4066780 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective RNA-binding protein quaking I (QKI) plays important roles in controlling alternative splicing (AS). Three QKI isoforms are broadly expressed, which display distinct nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution. However, molecular mechanisms by which QKI isoforms control AS, especially in distinct cell types, still remain elusive. The quakingviable (qkv) mutant mice carry deficiencies of all QKI isoforms in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells (SWCs), the myelinating glia of central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS), respectively, resulting in severe dysregulation of AS. We found that the cytoplasmic isoform QKI-6 regulates AS of polyguanine (G-run)-containing transcripts in OLs and rescues aberrant AS in the qkv mutant by repressing expression of two canonical splicing factors, heterologous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) F and H. Moreover, we identified a broad spectrum of in vivo functional hnRNP F/H targets in OLs that contain conserved exons flanked by G-runs, many of which are dysregulated in the qkv mutant. Interestingly, AS targets of the QKI-6-hnRNP F/H pathway in OLs are differentially affected in SWCs, suggesting that additional cell-type-specific factors modulate AS during CNS and PNS myelination. Together, our studies provide the first evidence that cytoplasmic QKI-6 acts upstream of hnRNP F/H, which forms a novel pathway to control AS in myelinating glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana D Mandler
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Li Ku
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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44
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Twyffels L, Gueydan C, Kruys V. Transportin-1 and Transportin-2: protein nuclear import and beyond. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1857-68. [PMID: 24780099 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 20 years after its identification as a new β-karyopherin mediating the nuclear import of the RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1, Transportin-1 is still commonly overlooked in comparison with its best known cousin, Importin-β. Transportin-1 is nonetheless a considerable player in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the characterization of the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that Transportin-1 recognizes, thereby providing the molecular basis of its diversified repertoire of cargoes. The recent discovery that mutations in the Transportin-dependent NLS of FUS cause mislocalization of this protein and result in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis illustrates the importance of Transportin-dependent import for human health. Besides, new functions of Transportin-1 are emerging in processes other than nuclear import. Here, we summarize what is known about Transportin-1 and the related β-karyopherin Transportin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Twyffels
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire du gène (CP300), Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire du gène (CP300), Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire du gène (CP300), Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Zong FY, Fu X, Wei WJ, Luo YG, Heiner M, Cao LJ, Fang Z, Fang R, Lu D, Ji H, Hui J. The RNA-binding protein QKI suppresses cancer-associated aberrant splicing. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004289. [PMID: 24722255 PMCID: PMC3983035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrant splicing has been implicated in lung tumorigenesis. However, the functional links between splicing regulation and lung cancer are not well understood. Here we identify the RNA-binding protein QKI as a key regulator of alternative splicing in lung cancer. We show that QKI is frequently down-regulated in lung cancer, and its down-regulation is significantly associated with a poorer prognosis. QKI-5 inhibits the proliferation and transformation of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that QKI-5 regulates the alternative splicing of NUMB via binding to two RNA elements in its pre-mRNA, which in turn suppresses cell proliferation and prevents the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. We further show that QKI-5 inhibits splicing by selectively competing with a core splicing factor SF1 for binding to the branchpoint sequence. Taken together, our data reveal QKI as a critical regulator of splicing in lung cancer and suggest a novel tumor suppression mechanism involving QKI-mediated regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ge Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Monika Heiner
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes for Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Sernbo S, Borrebaeck CAK, Uhlén M, Jirström K, Ek S. Nuclear T-STAR protein expression correlates with HER2 status, hormone receptor negativity and prolonged recurrence free survival in primary breast cancer and decreased cancer cell growth in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70596. [PMID: 23923007 PMCID: PMC3726654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-STAR (testis-signal transduction and activation of RNA) is an RNA binding protein, containing an SH3-binding domain and thus potentially playing a role in integration of cell signaling and RNA metabolism. The specific function of T-STAR is unknown and its implication in cancer is poorly characterized. Expression of T-STAR has been reported in human testis, muscle and brain tissues, and is associated with a growth-inhibitory role in immortalized fibroblasts. The aim of this paper was to investigate the functional role of T-STAR through (i) survival analysis of patients with primary invasive breast cancer and (ii) experimental evaluation of the effect of T-STAR on breast cancer cell growth. T-STAR protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays with tumors from 289 patients with primary invasive breast cancer, and correlations to clinicopathological characteristics, recurrence-free and overall survival (RFS and OS) and established tumor markers such as HER2 and ER status were evaluated. In addition, the function of T-STAR was investigated using siRNA-mediated knock-down and overexpression of the gene in six breast cancer cell lines. Of the tumors analysed, 86% showed nuclear T-STAR expression, which was significantly associated with an improved RFS and strongly associated with positive HER2 status and negative hormone receptor status. Furthermore, experimental data showed that overexpression of T-STAR decreased cellular growth while knock-down increased it, as shown both by thymidine incorporation and metabolic activity. In summary, we demonstrate that T-STAR protein expression correlates with an improved RFS in primary breast cancer. This is supported by functional data, indicating that T-STAR regulation is of importance both for breast cancer biology and clinical outcome but future studies are needed to determine a potential role in patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sernbo
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Bergeron D, Lapointe C, Bissonnette C, Tremblay G, Motard J, Roucou X. An out-of-frame overlapping reading frame in the ataxin-1 coding sequence encodes a novel ataxin-1 interacting protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:21824-35. [PMID: 23760502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.472654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with the expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the ataxin-1 (ATXN1) protein. Recent studies suggest that understanding the normal function of ATXN1 in cellular processes is essential to decipher the pathogenesis mechanisms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. We found an alternative translation initiation ATG codon in the +3 reading frame of human ATXN1 starting 30 nucleotides downstream of the initiation codon for ATXN1 and ending at nucleotide 587. This novel overlapping open reading frame (ORF) encodes a 21-kDa polypeptide termed Alt-ATXN1 (Alternative ATXN1) with a completely different amino acid sequence from ATXN1. We introduced a hemagglutinin tag in-frame with Alt-ATXN1 in ATXN1 cDNA and showed in cell culture the co-expression of both ATXN1 and Alt-ATXN1. Remarkably, Alt-ATXN1 colocalized and interacted with ATXN1 in nuclear inclusions. In contrast, in the absence of ATXN1 expression, Alt-ATXN1 displays a homogenous nucleoplasmic distribution. Alt-ATXN1 interacts with poly(A)(+) RNA, and its nuclear localization is dependent on RNA transcription. Polyclonal antibodies raised against Alt-ATXN1 confirmed the expression of Alt-ATXN1 in human cerebellum expressing ATXN1. These results demonstrate that human ATXN1 gene is a dual coding sequence and that ATXN1 interacts with and controls the subcellular distribution of Alt-ATXN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Bergeron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada
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Hall MP, Nagel RJ, Fagg WS, Shiue L, Cline MS, Perriman RJ, Donohue JP, Ares M. Quaking and PTB control overlapping splicing regulatory networks during muscle cell differentiation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:627-38. [PMID: 23525800 PMCID: PMC3677278 DOI: 10.1261/rna.038422.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing contributes to muscle development, but a complete set of muscle-splicing factors and their combinatorial interactions are unknown. Previous work identified ACUAA ("STAR" motif) as an enriched intron sequence near muscle-specific alternative exons such as Capzb exon 9. Mass spectrometry of myoblast proteins selected by the Capzb exon 9 intron via RNA affinity chromatography identifies Quaking (QK), a protein known to regulate mRNA function through ACUAA motifs in 3' UTRs. We find that QK promotes inclusion of Capzb exon 9 in opposition to repression by polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB). QK depletion alters inclusion of 406 cassette exons whose adjacent intron sequences are also enriched in ACUAA motifs. During differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, QK levels increase two- to threefold, suggesting a mechanism for QK-responsive exon regulation. Combined analysis of the PTB- and QK-splicing regulatory networks during myogenesis suggests that 39% of regulated exons are under the control of one or both of these splicing factors. This work provides the first evidence that QK is a global regulator of splicing during muscle development in vertebrates and shows how overlapping splicing regulatory networks contribute to gene expression programs during differentiation.
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Improving myelin/oligodendrocyte-related dysfunction: a new mechanism of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia? Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:691-700. [PMID: 23164411 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with complex clinical manifestations and its aetiological factors remain unclear. During the past decade, the oligodendrocyte-related myelin dysfunction was proposed as a hypothesis for schizophrenia, supported initially by a series of neuroimaging studies and genetic evidence. Recently, the effects of antipsychotics on myelination and oligodendroglial lineage development and their underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated. Data from those studies suggest that the antipsychotics-resulting improvement in myelin/oligodendrocyte-related dysfunction may contribute, at least in part, to their therapeutic effect on schizophrenia. Importantly, these findings may provide the basis for a new insight into the therapeutic strategy by targeting the oligodendroglia lineage cells against schizophrenia.
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Preparation and characterizations of polyclonal antibodies against STAR protein QKI7b. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2273-80. [PMID: 23440637 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) proteins are important regulators of RNA metabolism and cellular signal transduction. Recent studies have shown that isoforms of QKI proteins, which include QKI5/6/7/7b in human cells, play important roles in the development of neurological diseases and human cancers. In comparison with QKI5/6/7, however, there are little data on QKI7b due to lack of specific antibodies. Here, we reported the preparation and initial characterizations of polyclonal antibodies against human QKI7b. Utilizing a chemically synthesized C-terminal peptide fragment of human QKI7b, we raised two preparations of rabbit antiserum. We found that these antibodies were able to recognize human QKI7b, but not QKI5/6/7. Our immunofluorescence staining showed that in LO2 hepatocytes, QKI7b localizes predominantly in the perinuclear cytoplasm and less abundantly in the nucleus. In clinical samples, we showed that like QKI5/6/7 proteins, QKI7b protein was also significantly downregulated in most human colorectal cancer tissues. These antibodies, therefore, might be useful in future functional studies of QKI7b.
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