1
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Struckmann Poulsen J, Trueba Santiso A, Lema JM, Gregersen Echers S, Wimmer R, Lund Nielsen J. Assessing labelled carbon assimilation from poly butylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) monomers during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129430. [PMID: 37399952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PBAT (poly butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) is a widely used biodegradable plastic, but the knowledge about its metabolization in anaerobic environments is very limited. In this study, the anaerobic digester sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as inoculum to investigate the biodegradability of PBAT monomers in thermophilic conditions. The research employs a combination of 13C-labelled monomers and proteogenomics to track the labelled carbon and identify the microorganisms involved. A total of 122 labelled peptides of interest were identified for adipic acid (AA) and 1,4-butanedio (BD). Through the time-dependent isotopic enrichment and isotopic profile distributions, Bacteroides, Ichthyobacterium, and Methanosarcina were proven to be directly involved in the metabolization of at least one monomer. This study provides a first insight into the identity and genomic potential of microorganisms responsible for biodegradability of PBAT monomers during anaerobic digestion under thermophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Struckmann Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Alba Trueba Santiso
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark; CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Simon Gregersen Echers
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg E, Denmark.
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2
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Effect of ADH7 gene loss on fusel oil metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Huangjiu fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Holyavkin C, Turanlı-Yıldız B, Yılmaz Ü, Alkım C, Arslan M, Topaloğlu A, Kısakesen Hİ, de Billerbeck G, François JM, Çakar ZP. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic characterization of 2-Phenylethanol-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained by evolutionary engineering. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148065. [PMID: 37113225 PMCID: PMC10127108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol is an aromatic compound commonly used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Due to increasing demand for natural products by consumers, the production of this flavor by microbial fermentation is gaining interest, as a sustainable alternative to chemical synthesis or expensive plant extraction, both processes relying on the use of fossil resources. However, the drawback of the fermentation process is the high toxicity of 2-phenylethanol to the producing microorganism. The aim of this study was to obtain a 2-phenylethanol-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by in vivo evolutionary engineering and characterize the adapted yeast at the genomic, transcriptomic and metabolic levels. For this purpose, the tolerance to 2-phenylethanol was developed by gradually increasing the concentration of this flavor compound through successive batch cultivations, leading to an adapted strain that could tolerate 3.4 g/L of 2-phenylethanol, which was about 3-times better than the reference strain. Genome sequencing of the adapted strain identified point mutations in several genes, notably in HOG1 that encodes the Mitogen-Activated Kinase of the high-osmolarity signaling pathway. As this mutation is localized in the phosphorylation lip of this protein, it likely resulted in a hyperactive protein kinase. Transcriptomic analysis of the adapted strain supported this suggestion by revealing a large set of upregulated stress-responsive genes that could be explained in great part by HOG1-dependent activation of the Msn2/Msn4 transcription factor. Another relevant mutation was found in PDE2 encoding the low affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase, the missense mutation of which may lead to hyperactivation of this enzyme and thereby enhance the stressful state of the 2-phenylethanol adapted strain. In addition, the mutation in CRH1 that encodes a chitin transglycosylase implicated in cell wall remodeling could account for the increased resistance of the adapted strain to the cell wall-degrading enzyme lyticase. Finally, the potent upregulation of ALD3 and ALD4 encoding NAD+ -dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase together with the observed phenylacetate resistance of the evolved strain suggest a resistance mechanism involving conversion of 2-phenylethanol into phenylacetaldehyde and phenylacetate implicating these dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Holyavkin
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Turanlı-Yıldız
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Alkım
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alican Topaloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Kısakesen
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Jean Marie François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Jean Marie François,
| | - Z. Petek Çakar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dr. Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (ITU-MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Z. Petek Çakar,
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4
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Tang J, Chen J, Liu Y, Hu J, Xia Z, Li X, He H, Rang J, Sun Y, Yu Z, Cui J, Xia L. The Global Regulator PhoU Positively Controls Growth and Butenyl-Spinosyn Biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora pogona. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:904627. [PMID: 35756073 PMCID: PMC9218956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Butenyl-spinosyn, a highly effective biological insecticide, is produced by Saccharopolyspora pogona. However, its application has been severely hampered by its low yield. Recent studies have shown that PhoU plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and intracellular phosphate levels. Nevertheless, the function of PhoU remains ambiguous in S. pogona. In this study, we investigated the effects of PhoU on the growth and the butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis of S. pogona by constructing the mutants. Overexpression of phoU increased the production of butenyl-spinosyn to 2.2-fold that of the wild-type strain. However, the phoU deletion resulted in a severe imbalance of intracellular phosphate levels, and suppression of the growth and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, distinctive protein detection and mass spectrometry revealed that PhoU widely regulated primary metabolism, energy metabolism and DNA repair, which implied that PhoU influences the growth and butenyl-spinosyn biosynthesis of S. pogona as a global regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinjuan Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyuan Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Haocheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Rang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziquan Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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5
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Choi Y, Kim YH. Regulatory role of cysteines in (2R, 3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase BdhA of Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13. J Microbiol 2022; 60:411-418. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Meng W, Ma C, Xu P, Gao C. Biotechnological production of chiral acetoin. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:958-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Dekker WJC, Jürgens H, Ortiz-Merino RA, Mooiman C, van den Berg R, Kaljouw A, Mans R, Pronk JT. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6523363. [PMID: 35137036 PMCID: PMC8862043 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While thermotolerance is an attractive trait for yeasts used in industrial ethanol production, oxygen requirements of known thermotolerant species are incompatible with process requirements. Analysis of oxygen-sufficient and oxygen-limited chemostat cultures of the facultatively fermentative, thermotolerant species Ogataea parapolymorpha showed its minimum oxygen requirements to be an order of magnitude larger than those reported for the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. High oxygen requirements of O. parapolymorpha coincided with a near absence of glycerol, a key NADH/NAD+ redox-cofactor-balancing product in many other yeasts, in oxygen-limited cultures. Genome analysis indicated absence of orthologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycerol-3-phosphate-phosphatase genes GPP1 and GPP2. Co-feeding of acetoin, whose conversion to 2,3-butanediol enables reoxidation of cytosolic NADH, supported a 2.5-fold increase of the biomass concentration in oxygen-limited cultures. An O. parapolymorpha strain in which key genes involved in mitochondrial reoxidation of NADH were inactivated did produce glycerol, but transcriptome analysis did not reveal a clear candidate for a responsible phosphatase. Expression of S. cerevisiae GPD2, which encodes NAD+-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and GPP1 supported increased glycerol production by oxygen-limited chemostat cultures of O. parapolymorpha. These results identify dependence on respiration for NADH reoxidation as a key contributor to unexpectedly high oxygen requirements of O. parapolymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijbrand J C Dekker
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Jürgens
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl A Ortiz-Merino
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Mooiman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remon van den Berg
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Kaljouw
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mans
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Corresponding author: Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 15 2783214; E-mail:
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8
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Lee JW, Lee YG, Jin YS, Rao CV. Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms for 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5751-5767. [PMID: 34287658 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising commodity chemical with various industrial applications. While petroleum-based chemical processes currently dominate the industrial production of 2,3-BDO, fermentation-based production of 2,3-BDO provides an attractive alternative to chemical-based processes with regards to economic and environmental sustainability. The achievement of high 2,3-BDO titer, yield, and productivity in microbial fermentation is a prerequisite for the production of 2,3-BDO at large scales. Also, enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO production is desirable because 2,3-BDO stereoisomers have unique physicochemical properties. Pursuant to these goals, many metabolic engineering strategies to improve 2,3-BDO production from inexpensive sugars by Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms to enable efficient and enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. KEY POINTS: • K. oxytoca, Bacillus species, and S. cerevisiae have been engineered to achieve efficient 2,3-BDO production. • Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms enabled enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. • Cost-effective 2,3-BDO production can be feasible by using renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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9
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Bae SJ, Kim S, Park HJ, Kim J, Jin H, Kim BG, Hahn JS. High-yield production of (R)-acetoin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by deleting genes for NAD(P)H-dependent ketone reductases producing meso-2,3-butanediol and 2,3-dimethylglycerate. Metab Eng 2021; 66:68-78. [PMID: 33845171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acetoin is widely used in food and cosmetics industries as a taste and fragrance enhancer. To produce (R)-acetoin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetoin biosynthetic genes encoding α-acetolactate synthase (AlsS) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (AlsD) from Bacillus subtilis and water-forming NADH oxidase (NoxE) from Lactococcus lactis were integrated into delta-sequences in JHY605 strain, where the production of ethanol, glycerol, and (R,R)-2,3-butanediol (BDO) was largely eliminated. We further improved acetoin production by increasing acetoin tolerance by adaptive laboratory evolution, and eliminating other byproducts including meso-2,3-BDO and 2,3-dimethylglycerate, a newly identified byproduct. Ara1, Ypr1, and Ymr226c (named Ora1) were identified as (S)-alcohol-forming reductases, which can reduce (R)-acetoin to meso-2,3-BDO in vitro. However, only Ara1 and Ypr1 contributed to meso-2,3-BDO production in vivo. We elucidate that Ora1, having a substrate preference for (S)-acetoin, reduces (S)-α-acetolactate to 2,3-dimethylglycerate, thus competing with AlsD-mediated (R)-acetoin production. By deleting ARA1, YPR1, and ORA1, 101.3 g/L of (R)-acetoin was produced with a high yield (96% of the maximum theoretical yield) and high stereospecificity (98.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jeong Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun June Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, 33 Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Jin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Hahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Purification and Characterization of (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase of the Human Pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 Produced in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:491-501. [PMID: 33763825 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH), also known as acetoin/diacetyl reductase, is a pivotal enzyme for the formation of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), a chiral compound with potential roles in the virulence of certain pathogens. Here, a NAD(H)-dependent (2R,3R)-BDH from Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 (NgBDH), the causative agent of gonorrhoea, was functionally characterized. Sequence analysis indicated that it belongs to zinc-containing medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. The recombinant NgBDH migrated as a single band with a size of around 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE and could be confirmed by Western blotting and mass spectrometry. For the oxidation of either (2R,3R)-2,3-BD or meso-2,3-BD, the enzyme exhibited a broad pH optimum between pH 9.5 to 11.5. For the reduction of (3R/3S)-acetoin, the pH optimum was around 6.5. The enzyme could catalyze the stereospecific oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3-BD (Km = 0.16 mM, kcat/Km = 673 s-1 · mM-1) and meso-BD (Km = 0.72 mM, kcat/Km = 165 s-1 · mM-1). Moreover, it could also reduce (3R/3S)-acetoin with a Km of 0.14 mM and a kcat/Km of 885 s-1 · mM-1. The results presented here contribute to understand the 2,3-BD metabolism in N. gonorrhoeae and pave the way for studying the influence of 2,3-BD metabolism on the virulence of this pathogen in the future.
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11
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Muschallik L, Kipp CR, Recker I, Bongaerts J, Pohl M, Gellissen M, Schöning MJ, Selmer T, Siegert P. Synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols with the Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 T butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:61-70. [PMID: 32976868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols is an intriguing field because of the broad applicability of these molecules. Although, butandiol dehydrogenases are known to play a key role in the production of 2,3-butandiol, their potential as biocatalysts is still not well studied. Here, we investigate the biocatalytic properties of the meso-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (BlBDH). The encoding gene was cloned with an N-terminal StrepII-tag and recombinantly overexpressed in E. coli. BlBDH is highly active towards several non-physiological diketones and α-hydroxyketones with varying aliphatic chain lengths or even containing phenyl moieties. By adjusting the reaction parameters in biotransformations the formation of either the α-hydroxyketone intermediate or the diol can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muschallik
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carina Ronja Kipp
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Inga Recker
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Melanie Gellissen
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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12
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Cui DY, Wei YN, Lin LC, Chen SJ, Feng PP, Xiao DG, Lin X, Zhang CY. Increasing Yield of 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine in Baijiu Through Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Engineering. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596306. [PMID: 33324376 PMCID: PMC7726194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baijiu is a traditional distilled beverage in China with a rich variety of aroma substances. 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) is an important component in Baijiu and has the function of promoting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. During the brewing of Baijiu, the microorganisms in jiuqu produce acetoin and then synthesize TTMP, but the yield of TTMP is very low. In this work, 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) coding gene BDH1 and another BDH2 gene were deleted or overexpressed to evaluate the effect on the content of acetoin and TTMP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that the acetoin synthesis of strain α5-D1B2 was significantly enhanced by disrupting BDH1 and overexpressing BDH2, leading to a 2.6-fold increase of TTMP production up to 10.55 mg/L. To further improve the production level of TTMP, the α-acetolactate synthase (ALS) of the pyruvate decomposition pathway was overexpressed to enhance the synthesis of diacetyl. However, replacing the promoter of the ILV2 gene with a strong promoter (PGK1p) to increase the expression level of the ILV2 gene did not result in further increased diacetyl, acetoin and TTMP production. Based on these evidences, we constructed the diploid strains AY-SB1 (ΔBDH1:loxP/ΔBDH1:loxP) and AY-SD1B2 (ΔBDH1:loxP-PGK1p-BDH2-PGK1t/ΔBDH1:loxP-PGK1p-BDH2-PGK1t) to ensure the fermentation performance of the strain is more stable in Baijiu brewing. The concentration of TTMP in AY-SB1 and AY-SD1B2 was 7.58 and 9.47 mg/L, respectively, which represented a 2.3- and 2.87-fold increase compared to the parental strain. This work provides an example for increasing TTMP production in S. cerevisiae by genetic engineering, and highlight a novel method to improve the quality and beneficial health attributes of Baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng-Peng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Guang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Cui-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin, China
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13
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Subramanian V, Lunin VV, Farmer SJ, Alahuhta M, Moore KT, Ho A, Chaudhari YB, Zhang M, Himmel ME, Decker SR. Phylogenetics-based identification and characterization of a superior 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase for Zymomonas mobilis expression. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:186. [PMID: 33292448 PMCID: PMC7656694 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zymomonas mobilis has recently been shown to be capable of producing the valuable platform biochemical, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO). Despite this capability, the production of high titers of 2,3-BDO is restricted by several physiological parameters. One such bottleneck involves the conversion of acetoin to 2,3-BDO, a step catalyzed by 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh). Several Bdh enzymes have been successfully expressed in Z. mobilis, although a highly active enzyme is yet to be identified for expression in this host. Here, we report the application of a phylogenetic approach to identify and characterize a superior Bdh, followed by validation of its structural attributes using a mutagenesis approach. RESULTS Of the 11 distinct bdh genes that were expressed in Z. mobilis, crude extracts expressing Serratia marcescens Bdh (SmBdh) were found to have the highest activity (8.89 µmol/min/mg), when compared to other Bdh enzymes (0.34-2.87 µmol/min/mg). The SmBdh crystal structure was determined through crystallization with cofactor (NAD+) and substrate (acetoin) molecules bound in the active site. Active SmBdh was shown to be a tetramer with the active site populated by a Gln247 residue contributed by the diagonally opposite subunit. SmBdh showed a more extensive supporting hydrogen-bond network in comparison to the other well-studied Bdh enzymes, which enables improved substrate positioning and substrate specificity. This protein also contains a short α6 helix, which provides more efficient entry and exit of molecules from the active site, thereby contributing to enhanced substrate turnover. Extending the α6 helix to mimic the lower activity Enterobacter cloacae (EcBdh) enzyme resulted in reduction of SmBdh function to nearly 3% of the total activity. In great contrast, reduction of the corresponding α6 helix of the EcBdh to mimic the SmBdh structure resulted in ~ 70% increase in its activity. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that SmBdh is superior to other Bdhs for expression in Z. mobilis for 2,3-BDO production. SmBdh possesses unique structural features that confer biochemical advantage to this protein. While coordinated active site formation is a unique structural characteristic of this tetrameric complex, the smaller α6 helix and extended hydrogen network contribute towards improved activity and substrate promiscuity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramanan Subramanian
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Vladimir V Lunin
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Samuel J Farmer
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Markus Alahuhta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Kyle T Moore
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Angela Ho
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Yogesh B Chaudhari
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Min Zhang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stephen R Decker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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14
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Valdetara F, Škalič M, Fracassetti D, Louw M, Compagno C, du Toit M, Foschino R, Petrovič U, Divol B, Vigentini I. Transcriptomics unravels the adaptive molecular mechanisms of Brettanomyces bruxellensis under SO2 stress in wine condition. Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Kuang X, Ouyang Y, Guo Y, Li Q, Wang H, Abrha GT, Ayepa E, Gu Y, Li X, Chen Q, Ma M. New insights into two yeast BDHs from the PDH subfamily as aldehyde reductases in context of detoxification of lignocellulosic aldehyde inhibitors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6679-6692. [PMID: 32556414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
At least 24 aldehyde reductases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been characterized and most function in in situ detoxification of lignocellulosic aldehyde inhibitors, but none is classified into the polyol dehydrogenase (PDH) subfamily of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily. This study confirmed that two (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDHs) from industrial (denoted Y)/laboratory (denoted B) strains of S. cerevisiae, Bdh1p(Y)/Bdh1p(B) and Bdh2p(Y)/Bdh2p(B), were members of the PDH subfamily with an NAD(P)H binding domain and a catalytic zinc binding domain, and exhibited reductive activities towards lignocellulosic aldehyde inhibitors, such as acetaldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and furfural. Especially, the highest enzyme activity towards acetaldehyde by Bdh2p(Y) was 117.95 U/mg with cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH). Based on the comparative kinetic property analysis, Bdh2p(Y)/Bdh2p(B) possessed higher specific activity, substrate affinity, and catalytic efficiency towards glycolaldehyde than Bdh1p(Y)/Bdh1p(B). This was speculated to be related to their 49% sequence differences and five nonsynonymous substitutions (Ser41Thr, Glu173Gln, Ile270Leu, Ile316Met, and Gly317Cys) occurred in their conserved NAD(P)H binding domains. Compared with BDHs from a laboratory strain, Bdh1p(Y) and Bdh2p(Y) from an industrial strain displayed five nonsynonymous mutations (Thr12, Asn61, Glu168, Val222, and Ala235) and three nonsynonymous mutations (Ala34, Ile96, and Ala369), respectively. From a first analysis with selected aldehydes, their reductase activities were different from BDHs of laboratory strain, and their catalytic efficiency was higher towards glycolaldehyde and lower towards acetaldehyde. Comparative investigation of kinetic properties of BDHs from S. cerevisiae as aldehyde reductases provides a guideline for their practical applications in in situ detoxification of aldehyde inhibitors during lignocellulose bioconversion.Key Points• Two yeast BDHs have enzyme activities for reduction of aldehydes.• Overexpression of BDHs slightly improves yeast tolerance to acetaldehyde and glycolaldehyde.• Bdh1p and Bdh2p differ in enzyme kinetic properties.• BDHs from strains with different genetic backgrounds differ in enzyme kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Kuang
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, SIPO, Chengdu, 610213, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Getachew Tafere Abrha
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ellen Ayepa
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Menggen Ma
- Institute of Resources and Geographic Information Technology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Yang J, Liang J, Shao L, Liu L, Gao K, Zhang JL, Sun Z, Xu W, Lin P, Yu R, Zi J. Green production of silybin and isosilybin by merging metabolic engineering approaches and enzymatic catalysis. Metab Eng 2020; 59:44-52. [PMID: 32004707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin extracted from milk thistle seeds, is used for treating hepatic diseases. Silybin and isosilybin are its main components, and synthesized from coupling of taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol. Here, the biosynthetic pathways of taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol were reconstructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time. To alleviate substantial burden caused by a great deal of genetic manipulation, expression of the enzymes (e.g. ZWF1, TYR1 and ARO8) playing multiple roles in the relevant biosynthetic pathways was selectively optimized. The strain YT1035 overexpressing seven heterologous enzymes and five native enzymes and the strain YC1053 overexpressing seven heterologous enzymes and four native enzymes, respectively produce 336.8 mg/L taxifolin and 201.1 mg/L coniferyl alcohol. Silybin and isosilybin are synthesized from taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol under catalysis of APX1t (the truncated milk thistle peroxidase), with a yield of 62.5%. This study demonstrates an approach for producing silybin and isosilybin from glucose for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazeng Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jincai Liang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhenjiao Sun
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoguan, 512600, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Extraction and Separation Process of TCM/Guangzhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Gong FQ, Liu QS, Tan HD, Li T, Tan CY, Yin H. Cloning, expression and characterization of a novel (2R,3R) -2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus thuringiensis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Song CW, Park JM, Chung SC, Lee SY, Song H. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1583-1601. [PMID: 31468234 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Jong Myoung Park
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Chung
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.
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19
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Park JB, Kim JS, Kweon DH, Kweon DH, Seo JH, Ha SJ. Overexpression of Endogenous Xylose Reductase Enhanced Xylitol Productivity at 40 °C by Thermotolerant Yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:459-470. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Kim K, Plapp BV. Substitution of cysteine-153 ligated to the catalytic zinc in yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with aspartic acid and analysis of mechanisms of related medium chain dehydrogenases. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:172-182. [PMID: 30721696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic zincs in complexes of horse liver and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) with NAD+ and the substrate analogue, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, are ligated to two cysteine residues and one histidine residue from the protein and the oxygen from the alcohol. The zinc facilitates deprotonation of the alcohol and is essential for catalysis. In the yeast apoenzyme, the zinc is coordinated to a nearby glutamic acid, which is displaced by the alcohol in the complex with NAD+. Some homologous medium chain dehydrogenases have a cysteine replaced by aspartic or glutamic acid residues. How an aspartic acid would affect catalysis was studied by replacing Cys-153 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH1 by using site-directed mutagenesis. The C153D enzyme was about as stable as the wild-type enzyme, if EDTA was not included in the buffers. The substitution increased affinity for NAD+ by 3-fold, but did not affect NADH binding. At pH 7.3, the turnover number for ethanol oxidation (V1/Et) decreased by 7-fold and catalytic efficiency decreased 18-fold (V1/EtKb), but turnover for acetaldehyde reduction (V2/Et) was the same as for wild-type enzyme and catalytic efficiency decreased 8-fold (V2/EtKp). Deuterium isotope effects of 3.0 on V1/Et and 3.8 on V1/EtKb for ethanol oxidation suggest that hydride transfer is more rate-limiting for turnover for the C153D enzyme than by wild-type enzyme. The patterns of pH dependence for V1/EtKb for ethanol oxidation were similar for both enzymes in the pH range from 7 to 9. The C153D substitution decreased binding of trifluoroethanol by 5-fold and of pyrazole by 65-fold. Substrate specificities for C153D and wild-type ADHs for primary alcohols have similar patterns. Efficiency for secondary alcohols decreased only about 4-fold, and efficiencies for 1,2-propanediol and acetone were about the same as for wild-type enzyme. The C153D substitution modestly affects catalysis by altering ligand exchange on the zinc or local structure. Structures and mechanisms for acid-base catalysis in related medium chain dehydrogenases with substitutions of the homologous cysteine are reviewed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keehyuk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Bryce V Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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21
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Zheng Y, Li L, Shi X, Huang Z, Li F, Yang J, Guo Y. Nonionic surfactants and their effects on asymmetric reduction of 2-octanone with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AMB Express 2018; 8:111. [PMID: 29978349 PMCID: PMC6033843 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In an aqueous buffer system, serious reverse and side reactions were found in the asymmetric reduction of 2-octanone with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, some nonionic surfactants added to the aqueous buffer system improved the bioreduction process by decreasing the reverse and side reaction rates in addition to effectively increasing the average positive reaction rate. Further, a shorter carbon chain length of hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties in surfactants resulted in a higher yield of (S)-2-octanol. The alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants had a less influence than polyoxyethylenesorbitan trialiphatic surfactants on the product e.e. It suggested that the product e.e. resulting from the change of carbon chain length of the hydrophobic moieties varied markedly compared with the change of carbon chain length of the hydrophilic moiety. Emulsifier OP-10 and Tween 20 markedly enhanced the yield and product e.e. at the concentration of 0.4 mmol L−1 with a yield of 73.3 and 93.2%, and the product e.e. of 99.2 and 99.3%, respectively, at the reaction time of 96 h.
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22
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Yang Z, Zhang Z. Recent advances on production of 2, 3-butanediol using engineered microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:569-578. [PMID: 29608949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a significant platform chemical, 2, 3-butanediol (2, 3-BD) has found wide applications in industry. The success of microbial 2, 3-BD production was limited by the use of pathogenic microorganisms and low titer in engineered hosts. The utilization of cheaply available feedstock such as lignocellulose was another major challenge to achieve economic production of 2, 3-BD. To address those issues, engineering strategies including both genetic modifications and process optimization have been employed. In this review, we summarized the state-of-the-art progress in the biotechnological production of 2, 3-BD. Metabolic engineering and process engineering strategies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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23
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Muschallik L, Molinnus D, Bongaerts J, Pohl M, Wagner T, Schöning MJ, Siegert P, Selmer T. (R,R)-Butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase from Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 T: Cloning and expression of the bdhA-gene, and initial characterization of enzyme. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:41-50. [PMID: 28793235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a putative (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (bdhA) from Bacillus clausii DSM 8716T was isolated, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence of the encoded protein is only distantly related to previously studied enzymes (identity 33-43%) and exhibited some uncharted peculiarities. An N-terminally StrepII-tagged enzyme variant was purified and initially characterized. The isolated enzyme catalyzed the (R)-specific oxidation of (R,R)- and meso-butane-2,3-diol to (R)- and (S)-acetoin with specific activities of 12U/mg and 23U/mg, respectively. Likewise, racemic acetoin was reduced with a specific activity of up to 115U/mg yielding a mixture of (R,R)- and meso-butane-2,3-diol, while the enzyme reduced butane-2,3-dione (Vmax 74U/mg) solely to (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol via (R)-acetoin. For these reactions only activity with the co-substrates NADH/NAD+ was observed. The enzyme accepted a selection of vicinal diketones, α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols as alternative substrates. Although the physiological function of the enzyme in B. clausii remains elusive, the data presented herein clearly demonstrates that the encoded enzyme is a genuine (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase with potential for applications in biocatalysis and sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muschallik
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Kim SJ, Kim JW, Lee YG, Park YC, Seo JH. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2241-2250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kandasamy V, Liu J, Dantoft SH, Solem C, Jensen PR. Synthesis of (3R)-acetoin and 2,3-butanediol isomers by metabolically engineered Lactococcus lactis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36769. [PMID: 27857195 PMCID: PMC5114678 DOI: 10.1038/srep36769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential that lies in harnessing the chemical synthesis capabilities inherent in living organisms is immense. Here we demonstrate how the biosynthetic machinery of Lactococcus lactis, can be diverted to make (3R)-acetoin and the derived 2,3-butanediol isomers meso-(2,3)-butanediol (m-BDO) and (2R,3R)-butanediol (R-BDO). Efficient production of (3R)-acetoin was accomplished using a strain where the competing lactate, acetate and ethanol forming pathways had been blocked. By introducing different alcohol dehydrogenases into this strain, either EcBDH from Enterobacter cloacae or SadB from Achromobacter xylosooxidans, it was possible to achieve high-yield production of m-BDO or R-BDO respectively. To achieve biosustainable production of these chemicals from dairy waste, we transformed the above strains with the lactose plasmid pLP712. This enabled efficient production of (3R)-acetoin, m-BDO and R-BDO from processed whey waste, with titers of 27, 51, and 32 g/L respectively. The corresponding yields obtained were 0.42, 0.47 and 0.40 g/g lactose, which is 82%, 89%, and 76% of maximum theoretical yield respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that L. lactis is an excellent choice as a cell factory for transforming lactose containing dairy waste into value added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianming Liu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shruti Harnal Dantoft
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Stereospecificity of Corynebacterium glutamicum 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and implications for the stereochemical purity of bioproduced 2,3-butanediol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10573-10583. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lu X, Ji G, Zong H, Zhuge B. The role of budABC on 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol production from glycerol in Klebsiella pneumoniae CICIM B0057. Bioengineered 2016; 7:439-444. [PMID: 27439015 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1169355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is an important compound from which many others can be synthesized. 2,3-butanediol (BDO) is the key by-product in the biosynthesis of 1,3-PD from glycerol, but it impedes its downstream purification. In Klebsiella, the budA, budB and budC genes encode enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of BDO. In this study, 3 individual antisense RNAs were designed to repress the expression and hence activity of BudA-C. Compared with the parent strains, the activities of BudB and BudC were reduced by 60.5% and 70.5%, respectively, and the mRNA level of budA was reduced by 70%. Decreased BudC activity had no effect on cell growth or carbon distribution. However, reduced BudA and BudB activity decreased the BDO concentration by 35% and led to a 10% increase in the yield of 1,3-PD. This result suggests the activities of BudA and BudB could be key factors in the production of BDO from glycerol in Klebsiella. This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of budABC in glycerol metabolism in Klebsiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Lu
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Guangjian Ji
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Hong Zong
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,b The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
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Ishida Y, Nguyen TTM, Kitajima S, Izawa S. Prioritized Expression of BDH2 under Bulk Translational Repression and Its Contribution to Tolerance to Severe Vanillin Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1059. [PMID: 27458450 PMCID: PMC4933698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanillin is a potent fermentation inhibitor derived from the lignocellulosic biomass in biofuel production, and high concentrations of vanillin result in the pronounced repression of bulk translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies on genes that are efficiently translated even in the presence of high concentrations of vanillin will be useful for improving yeast vanillin tolerance and fermentation efficiency. The BDH1 and BDH2 genes encode putative medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductases and their amino acid sequences are very similar to each other. Although BDH2 was previously suggested to be involved in vanillin tolerance, it has yet to be clarified whether Bdh1/Bdh2 actually contribute to vanillin tolerance and reductions in vanillin. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of Bdh1 and Bdh2 on vanillin tolerance. bdh2Δ cells exhibited hypersensitivity to vanillin and slower reductions in vanillin than wild-type cells and bdh1Δ cells. Additionally, the overexpression of the BDH2 gene improved yeast tolerance to vanillin more efficiently than that of BDH1. Only BDH2 mRNA was efficiently translated under severe vanillin stress, however, both BDH genes were transcriptionally up-regulated. These results reveal the importance of Bdh2 in vanillin detoxification and confirm the preferential translation of the BDH2 gene in the presence of high concentrations of vanillin. The BDH2 promoter also enabled the expression of non-native genes under severe vanillin stress and furfural stress, suggesting its availability to improve of the efficiency of bioethanol production through modifications in gene expression in the presence of fermentation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ishida
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto, Japan
| | - Trinh T M Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Izawa
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto, Japan
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Zhang L, Guo Z, Chen J, Xu Q, Lin H, Hu K, Guan X, Shen Y. Mechanism of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomers formation in a newly isolated Serratia sp. T241. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19257. [PMID: 26753612 PMCID: PMC4709696 DOI: 10.1038/srep19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia sp. T241, a newly isolated xylose-utilizing strain, produced three 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) stereoisomers. In this study, three 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases (BDH1-3) and one glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) involved in 2,3-BD isomers formation by Serratia sp. T241 were identified. In vitro conversion showed BDH1 and BDH2 could catalyzed (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin into (2S,3S)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD, while BDH3 and GDH exhibited the activities from (3S)-acetoin and (3R)-acetoin to meso-2,3-BD and (2R,3R)-2,3-BD. Four encoding genes were assembled into E. coli with budA (acetolactate decarboxylase) and budB (acetolactate synthase), responsible for converting pyruvate into acetoin. E. coli expressing budAB-bdh1/2 produced meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD. Correspondingly, (2R,3R)-2,3-BD and meso-2,3-BD were obtained by E. coli expressing budAB-bdh3/gdh. These results suggested four enzymes might contribute to 2,3-BD isomers formation. Mutants of four genes were developed in Serratia sp. T241. Δbdh1 led to reduced concentration of meso-2,3-BD and (2S,3S)-2,3-BD by 97.7% and 87.9%. (2R,3R)-2,3-BD with a loss of 73.3% was produced by Δbdh3. Enzyme activity assays showed the decrease of 98.4% and 22.4% by Δbdh1 and Δbdh3 compared with the wild strain. It suggested BDH1 and BDH3 played important roles in 2,3-BD formation, BDH2 and GDH have small effects on 2,3-BD production by Serratia sp. T241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Zewang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Jiebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Kaihui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, FuZhou, Fujian province, 350002, PR China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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Enantioselective Synthesis of Vicinal (R,R)-Diols by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Butanediol Dehydrogenase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1706-1721. [PMID: 26729717 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03717-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Butanediol dehydrogenase (Bdh1p) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae belongs to the superfamily of the medium-chain dehydrogenases and reductases and converts reversibly R-acetoin and S-acetoin to (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-2,3-butanediol, respectively. It is specific for NAD(H) as a coenzyme, and it is the main enzyme involved in the last metabolic step leading to (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol in yeast. In this study, we have used the activity of Bdh1p in different forms-purified enzyme, yeast extracts, permeabilized yeast cells, and as a fusion protein (with yeast formate dehydrogenase, Fdh1p)-to transform several vicinal diketones to the corresponding diols. We have also developed a new variant of the delitto perfetto methodology to place BDH1 under the control of the GAL1 promoter, resulting in a yeast strain that overexpresses butanediol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase activities in the presence of galactose and regenerates NADH in the presence of formate. While the use of purified Bdh1p allows the synthesis of enantiopure (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol, (2R,3R)-2,3-pentanediol, (2R,3R)-2,3-hexanediol, and (3R,4R)-3,4-hexanediol, the use of the engineered strain (as an extract or as permeabilized cells) yields mixtures of the diols. The production of pure diol stereoisomers has also been achieved by means of a chimeric fusion protein combining Fdh1p and Bdh1p. Finally, we have determined the selectivity of Bdh1p toward the oxidation/reduction of the hydroxyl/ketone groups from (2R,3R)-2,3-pentanediol/2,3-pentanedione and (2R,3R)-2,3-hexanediol/2,3-hexanedione. In conclusion, Bdh1p is an enzyme with biotechnological interest that can be used to synthesize chiral building blocks. A scheme of the favored pathway with the corresponding intermediates is proposed for the Bdh1p reaction.
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Kim JW, Kim J, Seo SO, Kim KH, Jin YS, Seo JH. Enhanced production of 2,3-butanediol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae through fine-tuning of pyruvate decarboxylase and NADH oxidase activities. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:265. [PMID: 27990176 PMCID: PMC5148919 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a promising compound for various applications in chemical, cosmetic, and agricultural industries. Pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive host strain for producing 2,3-BD because a large amount of pyruvate could be shunted to 2,3-BD production instead of ethanol synthesis. However, 2,3-BD yield, productivity, and titer by engineered yeast were inferior to native bacterial producers because of the following metabolic limitations. First, the Pdc-deficient yeast showed growth defect due to a shortage of C2-compounds. Second, redox imbalance during the 2,3-BD production led to glycerol formation that lowered the yield. RESULTS To overcome these problems, the expression levels of Pdc from a Crabtree-negative yeast were optimized in S. cerevisiae. Specifically, Candida tropicalis PDC1 (CtPDC1) was used to minimize the production of ethanol but maximize cell growth and 2,3-BD productivity. As a result, productivity of the BD5_G1CtPDC1 strain expressing an optimal level of Pdc was 2.3 folds higher than that of the control strain in flask cultivation. Through a fed-batch fermentation, 121.8 g/L 2,3-BD was produced in 80 h. NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis (noxE) was additionally expressed in the engineered yeast with an optimal activity of Pdc. The fed-batch fermentation with the optimized 2-stage aeration control led to production of 154.3 g/L 2,3-BD in 78 h. The overall yield of 2,3-BD was 0.404 g 2,3-BD/g glucose which corresponds to 80.7% of theoretical yield. CONCLUSIONS A massive metabolic shift in the engineered S. cerevisiae (BD5_G1CtPDC1_nox) expressing NADH oxidase was observed, suggesting that redox imbalance was a major bottleneck for efficient production of 2,3-BD by engineered yeast. Maximum 2,3-BD titer in this study was close to the highest among the reported microbial production studies. The results demonstrate that resolving both C2-compound limitation and redox imbalance is critical to increase 2,3-BD production in the Pdc-deficient S. cerevisiae. Our strategy to express fine-tuned PDC and noxE could be applicable not only to 2,3-BD production, but also other chemical production systems using Pdc-deficient S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jin-Ho Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea
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Tilloy V, Cadière A, Ehsani M, Dequin S. Reducing alcohol levels in wines through rational and evolutionary engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu GC, Bian YQ, Han RZ, Dong JJ, Ni Y. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of budC Gene Encoding meso-2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase from Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:604-17. [PMID: 26494135 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The budC gene encoding a meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (BlBDH) from Bacillus licheniformis was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Sequence analysis reveals that this BlBDH belongs to short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. In the presence of NADH, BlBDH catalyzes the reduction of diacetyl to (3S)-acetoin (97.3% ee), and further to (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol (97.3% ee and 96.5% de). Similar to other meso-2,3-BDHs, it shows oxidative activity to racemic 2,3-butanediol whereas no activity toward racemic acetoin in the presence of NAD(+). For diacetyl reduction and 2,3-butanediol oxidation, the pH optimum of BlBDH is 5.0 and 10.0, respectively. Unusually, it shows relatively high activity over a wide pH range from 5.0 to 8.0 for racemic acetoin reduction. BlBDH shows lower K m and higher catalytic efficiency toward racemic acetoin (K m = 0.47 mM, k cat /K m = 432 s(-1)·mM(-1)) when compared with 2,3-butanediol (K m = 7.25 mM, k cat /K m = 81.5 s(-1)·mM(-1)), indicating its physiological role in favor of reducing racemic acetoin into 2,3-butanediol. The enzymatic characterization of BlBDH provides evidence for the directed engineering of B. licheniformis for producing enantiopure 2,3-butanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Qian Bian
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Geier M, Brandner C, Strohmeier GA, Hall M, Hartner FS, Glieder A. Engineering Pichia pastoris for improved NADH regeneration: A novel chassis strain for whole-cell catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1741-8. [PMID: 26664594 PMCID: PMC4660914 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synthetically useful reactions are catalyzed by cofactor-dependent enzymes. As cofactors represent a major cost factor, methods for efficient cofactor regeneration are required especially for large-scale synthetic applications. In order to generate a novel and efficient host chassis for bioreductions, we engineered the methanol utilization pathway of Pichia pastoris for improved NADH regeneration. By deleting the genes coding for dihydroxyacetone synthase isoform 1 and 2 (DAS1 and DAS2), NADH regeneration via methanol oxidation (dissimilation) was increased significantly. The resulting Δdas1 Δdas2 strain performed better in butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH1) based whole-cell conversions. While the BDH1 catalyzed acetoin reduction stopped after 2 h reaching ~50% substrate conversion when performed in the wild type strain, full conversion after 6 h was obtained by employing the knock-out strain. These results suggest that the P. pastoris Δdas1 Δdas2 strain is capable of supplying the actual biocatalyst with the cofactor over a longer reaction period without the over-expression of an additional cofactor regeneration system. Thus, focusing the intrinsic carbon flux of this methylotrophic yeast on methanol oxidation to CO2 represents an efficient and easy-to-use strategy for NADH-dependent whole-cell conversions. At the same time methanol serves as co-solvent, inductor for catalyst and cofactor regeneration pathway expression and source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Geier
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Christoph Brandner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Gernot A Strohmeier
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria ; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Franz S Hartner
- Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria ; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria
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A non-pathogenic and optically high concentrated (R,R)-2,3-butanediol biosynthesizing Klebsiella strain. J Biotechnol 2015; 209:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Characterization of a (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis WZ010. Molecules 2015; 20:7156-73. [PMID: 25903366 PMCID: PMC6272300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding a (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis WZ010 (ReBDH) was over-expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting recombinant ReBDH was successfully purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. The purified ReBDH in the native form was found to exist as a monomer with a calculated subunit size of 37180, belonging to the family of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases. The enzyme was NAD(H)-specific and its optimal activity for acetoin reduction was observed at pH 6.5 and 55 °C. The optimal pH and temperature for 2,3-butanediol oxidation were pH 10 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or metal ions Al3+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Ag+, while the addition of 10% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the reaction mixture increased the activity by 161.2%. Kinetic parameters of the enzyme showed lower Km values and higher catalytic efficiency for diacetyl and NADH in comparison to those for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and NAD+. The activity of acetoin reduction was 7.7 times higher than that of (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol oxidation when ReBDH was assayed at pH 7.0, suggesting that ReBDH-catalyzed reaction in vivo might favor (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol formation rather than (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol oxidation. The enzyme displayed absolute stereospecificity in the reduction of diacetyl to (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol via (R)-acetoin, demonstrating its potential application on the synthesis of (R)-chiral alcohols.
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Jantama K, Polyiam P, Khunnonkwao P, Chan S, Sangproo M, Khor K, Jantama SS, Kanchanatawee S. Efficient reduction of the formation of by-products and improvement of production yield of 2,3-butanediol by a combined deletion of alcohol dehydrogenase, acetate kinase-phosphotransacetylase, and lactate dehydrogenase genes in metabolically engineered Klebsiella oxytoca in mineral salts medium. Metab Eng 2015; 30:16-26. [PMID: 25895450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca KMS005 (∆adhE∆ackA-pta∆ldhA) was metabolically engineered to improve 2,3-butanediol (BDO) yield. Elimination of alcohol dehydrogenase E (adhE), acetate kinase A-phosphotransacetylase (ackA-pta), and lactate dehydrogenase A (ldhA) enzymes allowed BDO production as a primary pathway for NADH re-oxidation, and significantly reduced by-products. KMS005 was screened for the efficient glucose utilization by metabolic evolution. KMS005-73T improved BDO production at a concentration of 23.5±0.5 g/L with yield of 0.46±0.02 g/g in mineral salts medium containing 50 g/L glucose in a shake flask. KMS005-73T also exhibited BDO yields of about 0.40-0.42 g/g from sugarcane molasses, cassava starch, and maltodextrin. During fed-batch fermentation, KMS005-73T produced BDO at a concentration, yield, and overall and specific productivities of 117.4±4.5 g/L, 0.49±0.02 g/g, 1.20±0.05 g/Lh, and 27.2±1.1 g/gCDW, respectively. No acetoin, lactate, and formate were detected, and only trace amounts of acetate and ethanol were formed. The strain also produced the least by-products and the highest BDO yield among other Klebsiella strains previously developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaemwich Jantama
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
| | - Pattharasedthi Polyiam
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Panwana Khunnonkwao
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sitha Chan
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Maytawadee Sangproo
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kirin Khor
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sirima Suvarnakuta Jantama
- Division of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Sunthorn Kanchanatawee
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Sub-District, Muang District, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Su Y, Willis LB, Jeffries TW. Effects of aeration on growth, ethanol and polyol accumulation by
Spathaspora passalidarum
NRRL Y‐27907 and
Scheffersomyces stipitis
NRRL Y‐7124. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:457-69. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Kai Su
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadison53703Wisconsin
| | - Laura B. Willis
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadison53703Wisconsin
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- Forest Products LaboratoryUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsin
| | - Thomas W. Jeffries
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadison53703Wisconsin
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- Forest Products LaboratoryUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsin
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Identification and characterization of 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-rhamnonate dehydrogenase belonging to the MDR superfamily from the thermoacidophilic bacterium Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans: implications to l-rhamnose metabolism in archaea. Extremophiles 2015; 19:469-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Singh R, Sinha H. Tiled ChrI RHS collection: a pilot high-throughput screening tool for identification of allelic variants. Yeast 2014; 32:335-43. [PMID: 25407353 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis is a genetic technique that allows phenotypic determination of the allelic effects of a gene in a genetically uniform background. Expanding this single gene technique to generate a genome-wide collection is termed as reciprocal hemizygosity scanning (RHS). The RHS collection should circumvent the need for linkage mapping and provide the power to identify all possible allelic variants for a given phenotype. However, the published RHS collections based on the existing genome-wide haploid deletion library reported a high rate of false positives. In this study, we report de novo construction of a RHS collection that is not based on the yeast deletion library. This collection has been constructed for the shortest yeast chromosome, ChrI. Using this ChrI RHS collection, we identified 13 allelic variants for the previously mapped loci and novel allelic variants for the growth differences in different environments. A few of these novel variants, which were fine mapped to a gene level, identified novel genetic variation for the previously studied environmental conditions. The availability of a genome-wide RHS collection would thus help us uncover a comprehensive list of allelic variants and better our understanding of the molecular pathways modulating a quantitative trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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42
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Knudsen JD, Carlquist M, Gorwa-Grauslund M. NADH-dependent biosensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: principle and validation at the single cell level. AMB Express 2014; 4:81. [PMID: 25401080 PMCID: PMC4230897 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A reporter system was constructed to measure perturbations in the NADH/NAD+ co-factor balance in yeast, by using the green fluorescent protein gene under the control of the GPD2 promoter that is induced under conditions of excess of NADH. High fluorescence levels were obtained in a glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase double deletion strain (gpd1Δgpd2Δ), which is deficient in the ability to regenerate NAD+ via glycerol formation. The responsiveness of the reporter system to externally induced perturbations in NADH oxidation was also evaluated in the gpd1Δgpd2Δ strain background by addition of acetoin, as well as by introduction of a set of heterologous xylose reductases (XRs) having different selectivities for NADH. Addition of acetoin during cell proliferation under oxygen-limited conditions resulted in a more than 2-fold decrease in mean fluorescence intensity as compared to the control experiment. Strains carrying XRs with different selectivities for NADH could be distinguished at the single cell level, so that the XR with the highest selectivity for NADH displayed the lowest fluorescence. In conclusion, the designed system successfully allowed for monitoring perturbations in the cellular redox metabolism caused by environmental changes, or by heterologous gene expression. The reporter system displayed high resolution in distinguishing cytosolic NADH oxidation capacity and hence has potential to be used for high-throughput screening based on the fluorescence of single cells.
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Cloning, expression and characterization of glycerol dehydrogenase involved in 2,3-butanediol formation in Serratia marcescens H30. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1319-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (meso-BDH) from S. marcescens H30 is responsible for converting acetoin into 2,3-butanediol during sugar fermentation. Inactivation of the meso-BDH encoded by budC gene does not completely abolish 2,3-butanediol production, which suggests that another similar enzyme involved in 2,3-butanediol formation exists in S. marcescens H30. In the present study, a glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) encoded by gldA gene from S. marcescens H30 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified and characterized for its properties. In vitro conversion indicated that the purified GDH could catalyze the interconversion of (3S)-acetoin/meso-2,3-butanediol and (3R)-acetoin/(2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol. (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol was not a substrate for the GDH at all. Kinetic parameters of the GDH enzyme showed lower K m value and higher catalytic efficiency for (3S/3R)-acetoin in comparison to those for (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol and meso-2,3-butanediol, implying its physiological role in favor of 2,3-butanediol formation. Maximum activity for reduction of (3S/3R)-acetoin and oxidations of meso-2,3-butanediol and glycerol was observed at pH 8.0, while it was pH 7.0 for diacetyl reduction. The enzyme exhibited relative high thermotolerance with optimum temperature of 60 °C in the oxidation–reduction reactions. Over 60 % of maximum activity was retained at 70 °C. Additionally, the GDH activity was significantly enhanced for meso-2,3-BD oxidation in the presence of Fe2+ and for (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction in the presence of Mn2+, while several cations inhibited its activity, particularly Fe2+ and Fe3+ for (3S/3R)-acetoin reduction. The properties provided potential application for single configuration production of acetoin and 2,3-butanediol .
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Efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for acetoin production with NAD+ regeneration system through homologous co-expression of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase in engineered Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102951. [PMID: 25036158 PMCID: PMC4103878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), an extensively-used food spice and bio-based platform chemical, is usually produced by chemical synthesis methods. With increasingly requirement of food security and environmental protection, bio-fermentation of acetoin by microorganisms has a great promising market. However, through metabolic engineering strategies, the mixed acid-butanediol fermentation metabolizes a certain portion of substrate to the by-products of organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which causes energy cost and increases the difficulty of product purification in downstream processes. In this work, due to the high efficiency of enzymatic reaction and excellent selectivity, a strategy for efficiently converting 2,3-butandiol to acetoin using whole-cell biocatalyst by engineered Bacillus subtilis is proposed. In this process, NAD+ plays a significant role on 2,3-butanediol and acetoin distribution, so the NADH oxidase and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase both from B. subtilis are co-expressed in B. subtilis 168 to construct an NAD+ regeneration system, which forces dramatic decrease of the intracellular NADH concentration (1.6 fold) and NADH/NAD+ ratio (2.2 fold). By optimization of the enzymatic reaction and applying repeated batch conversion, the whole-cell biocatalyst efficiently produced 91.8 g/L acetoin with a productivity of 2.30 g/(L·h), which was the highest record ever reported by biocatalysis. This work indicated that manipulation of the intracellular cofactor levels was more effective than the strategy of enhancing enzyme activity, and the bioprocess for NAD+ regeneration may also be a useful way for improving the productivity of NAD+-dependent chemistry-based products.
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45
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Wu P, Pan H, Zhang C, Wu H, Yuan L, Huang X, Zhou Y, Ye BC, Weaver DT, Zhang L, Zhang B. SACE_3986, a TetR family transcriptional regulator, negatively controls erythromycin biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1159-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Erythromycin, a medically important antibiotic, is produced by Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Unusually, the erythromycin biosynthetic gene cluster lacks a regulatory gene, and the regulation of its biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In this study, through gene deletion, complementation and overexpression experiments, we identified a novel TetR family transcriptional regulator SACE_3986 negatively regulating erythromycin biosynthesis in S. erythraea A226. When SACE_3986 was further inactivated in an industrial strain WB, erythromycin A yield of the mutant was increased by 54.2 % in average compared with that of its parent strain, displaying the universality of SACE_3986 as a repressor for erythromycin production in S. erythraea. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that SACE_3986 repressed the transcription of its adjacent gene SACE_3985 (which encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), erythromycin biosynthetic gene eryAI and the resistance gene ermE. As determined by EMSA analysis, purified SACE_3986 protein specifically bound to the intergenic region between SACE_3985 and SACE_3986, whereas it did not bind to the promoter regions of eryAI and ermE. Furthermore, overexpression of SACE_3985 in A226 led to enhanced erythromycin A yield by at least 32.6 %. These findings indicate that SACE_3986 is a negative regulator of erythromycin biosynthesis, and the adjacent gene SACE_3985 is one of its target genes. The present study provides a basis to increase erythromycin production by engineering of SACE_3986 and SACE_3985 in S. erythraea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wu
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Hui Pan
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Congming Zhang
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Hang Wu
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Li Yuan
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Xunduan Huang
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Ying Zhou
- grid.28056.39 0000000121634895 State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Bang-ce Ye
- grid.28056.39 0000000121634895 State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 200237 Shanghai China
| | - David T Weaver
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China
| | - Buchang Zhang
- grid.252245.6 0000000100854987 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
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Kochius S, Paetzold M, Scholz A, Merkens H, Vogel A, Ansorge-Schumacher M, Hollmann F, Schrader J, Holtmann D. Enantioselective enzymatic synthesis of the α-hydroxy ketone (R)-acetoin from meso-2,3-butanediol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Whole genome and global gene expression analyses of the model mushroom Flammulina velutipes reveal a high capacity for lignocellulose degradation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93560. [PMID: 24714189 PMCID: PMC3979922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes is a fungus with health and medicinal benefits that has been used for consumption and cultivation in East Asia. F. velutipes is also known to degrade lignocellulose and produce ethanol. The overlapping interests of mushroom production and wood bioconversion make F. velutipes an attractive new model for fungal wood related studies. Here, we present the complete sequence of the F. velutipes genome. This is the first sequenced genome for a commercially produced edible mushroom that also degrades wood. The 35.6-Mb genome contained 12,218 predicted protein-encoding genes and 287 tRNA genes assembled into 11 scaffolds corresponding with the 11 chromosomes of strain KACC42780. The 88.4-kb mitochondrial genome contained 35 genes. Well-developed wood degrading machinery with strong potential for lignin degradation (69 auxiliary activities, formerly FOLymes) and carbohydrate degradation (392 CAZymes), along with 58 alcohol dehydrogenase genes were highly expressed in the mycelium, demonstrating the potential application of this organism to bioethanol production. Thus, the newly uncovered wood degrading capacity and sequential nature of this process in F. velutipes, offer interesting possibilities for more detailed studies on either lignin or (hemi-) cellulose degradation in complex wood substrates. The mutual interest in wood degradation by the mushroom industry and (ligno-)cellulose biomass related industries further increase the significance of F. velutipes as a new model.
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48
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Gao X, Xu N, Li S, Liu L. Metabolic engineering of Candida glabrata for diacetyl production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89854. [PMID: 24614328 PMCID: PMC3948628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Candida glabrata, an efficient pyruvate-producing strain, was metabolically engineered for the production of the food ingredient diacetyl. A diacetyl biosynthetic pathway was reconstructed based on genetic modifications and medium optimization. The former included (i) channeling carbon flux into the diacetyl biosynthetic pathway by amplification of acetolactate synthase, (ii) elimination of the branched pathway of α-acetolactate by deleting the ILV5 gene, and (iii) restriction of diacetyl degradation by deleting the BDH gene. The resultant strain showed an almost 1∶1 co-production of α-acetolactate and diacetyl (0.95 g L(-1)). Furthermore, addition of Fe3+ to the medium enhanced the conversion of α-acetolactate to diacetyl and resulted in a two-fold increase in diacetyl production (2.1 g L(-1)). In addition, increased carbon flux was further channeled into diacetyl biosynthetic pathway and a titer of 4.7 g L(-1) of diacetyl was achieved by altering the vitamin level in the flask culture. Thus, this study illustrates that C. glabrata could be tailored as an attractive platform for enhanced biosynthesis of beneficial products from pyruvate by metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang X, Bao T, Rao Z, Yang T, Xu Z, Yang S, Li H. Two-stage pH control strategy based on the pH preference of acetoin reductase regulates acetoin and 2,3-butanediol distribution in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91187. [PMID: 24608678 PMCID: PMC3946754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (AR/BDH), which catalyzes the interconversion between acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, plays an important role in distribution of the products pools. This work characterized the Bacillus subtilis AR/BDH for the first time. The enzyme showed very different pH preferences of pH 6.5 for reduction and pH 8.5 for oxidation. Based on these above results, a two-stage pH control strategy was optimized for acetoin production, in which the pH was controlled at 6.5 for quickly converting glucose to acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, and then 8.0 for reversely transforming 2,3-butanediol to acetoin. By over-expression of AR/BDH in the wild-type B. subtilis JNA 3-10 and applying fed-batch fermentation based on the two-stage pH control strategy, acetoin yield of B. subtilis was improved to a new record of 73.6 g/l, with the productivity of 0.77 g/(l·h). The molar yield of acetoin was improved from 57.5% to 83.5% and the ratio of acetoin/2,3-butanediol was switched from 2.7∶1 to 18.0∶1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Teng Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZR); (HL)
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shangtian Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Huazhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZR); (HL)
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50
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Reduction of ethanol yield and improvement of glycerol formation by adaptive evolution of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under hyperosmotic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2623-32. [PMID: 24532067 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03710-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong demand from the wine industry for methodologies to reduce the alcohol content of wine without compromising wine's sensory characteristics. We assessed the potential of adaptive laboratory evolution strategies under hyperosmotic stress for generation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strains with enhanced glycerol and reduced ethanol yields. Experimental evolution on KCl resulted, after 200 generations, in strains that had higher glycerol and lower ethanol production than the ancestral strain. This major metabolic shift was accompanied by reduced fermentative capacities, suggesting a trade-off between high glycerol production and fermentation rate. Several evolved strains retaining good fermentation performance were selected. These strains produced more succinate and 2,3-butanediol than the ancestral strain and did not accumulate undesirable organoleptic compounds, such as acetate, acetaldehyde, or acetoin. They survived better under osmotic stress and glucose starvation conditions than the ancestral strain, suggesting that the forces that drove the redirection of carbon fluxes involved a combination of osmotic and salt stresses and carbon limitation. To further decrease the ethanol yield, a breeding strategy was used, generating intrastrain hybrids that produced more glycerol than the evolved strain. Pilot-scale fermentation on Syrah using evolved and hybrid strains produced wine with 0.6% (vol/vol) and 1.3% (vol/vol) less ethanol, more glycerol and 2,3-butanediol, and less acetate than the ancestral strain. This work demonstrates that the combination of adaptive evolution and breeding is a valuable alternative to rational design for remodeling the yeast metabolic network.
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