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Wang YJ, Di XJ, Zhang PP, Chen X, Williams MP, Han DY, Nashmi R, Henderson BJ, Moss FJ, Mu TW. Hsp47 promotes biogenesis of multi-subunit neuroreceptors in the endoplasmic reticulum. eLife 2024; 13:e84798. [PMID: 38963323 PMCID: PMC11257679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) deficiency is an important contributing factor to neurological and metabolic diseases. However, how the proteostasis network orchestrates the folding and assembly of multi-subunit membrane proteins is poorly understood. Previous proteomics studies identified Hsp47 (Gene: SERPINH1), a heat shock protein in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, as the most enriched interacting chaperone for gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Here, we show that Hsp47 enhances the functional surface expression of GABAA receptors in rat neurons and human HEK293T cells. Furthermore, molecular mechanism study demonstrates that Hsp47 acts after BiP (Gene: HSPA5) and preferentially binds the folded conformation of GABAA receptors without inducing the unfolded protein response in HEK293T cells. Therefore, Hsp47 promotes the subunit-subunit interaction, the receptor assembly process, and the anterograde trafficking of GABAA receptors. Overexpressing Hsp47 is sufficient to correct the surface expression and function of epilepsy-associated GABAA receptor variants in HEK293T cells. Hsp47 also promotes the surface trafficking of other Cys-loop receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin type 3 receptors in HEK293T cells. Therefore, in addition to its known function as a collagen chaperone, this work establishes that Hsp47 plays a critical and general role in the maturation of multi-subunit Cys-loop neuroreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Xiao-Jing Di
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Marnie P Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Dong-Yun Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Raad Nashmi
- Department of Biology, University of VictoriaVictoriaCanada
| | - Brandon J Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall UniversityHuntingtonUnited States
| | - Fraser J Moss
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
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2
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Amissah HA, Combs SE, Shevtsov M. Tumor Dormancy and Reactivation: The Role of Heat Shock Proteins. Cells 2024; 13:1087. [PMID: 38994941 PMCID: PMC11240553 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors are a heterogeneous group of cell masses originating in various organs or tissues. The cellular composition of the tumor cell mass interacts in an intricate manner, influenced by humoral, genetic, molecular, and tumor microenvironment cues that dictate tumor growth or suppression. As a result, tumors undergo a period of a dormant state before their clinically discernible stage, which surpasses the clinical dormancy threshold. Moreover, as a genetically imprinted strategy, early-seeder cells, a distinct population of tumor cells, break off to dock nearby or extravasate into blood vessels to secondary tissues, where they form disseminated solitary dormant tumor cells with reversible capacity. Among the various mechanisms underlying the dormant tumor mass and dormant tumor cell formation, heat shock proteins (HSPs) might play one of the most important roles in how the dormancy program plays out. It is known that numerous aberrant cellular processes, such as malignant transformation, cancer cell stemness, tumor invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and signaling pathway maintenance, are influenced by the HSPs. An accumulating body of knowledge suggests that HSPs may be involved in the angiogenic switch, immune editing, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling cascades, crucial genetically imprinted strategies important to the tumor dormancy initiation and dormancy maintenance program. In this review, we highlight the biological events that orchestrate the dormancy state and the body of work that has been conducted on the dynamics of HSPs in a tumor mass, as well as tumor cell dormancy and reactivation. Additionally, we propose a conceptual framework that could possibly underlie dormant tumor reactivation in metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneef Ahmed Amissah
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biology and Medical Biology, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Diagnostics Laboratory Department, Trauma and Specialist Hospital, CE-122-2486, Central Region, Winneba P.O. Box 326, Ghana
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Abd El-Fattah EE, Zakaria AY. Targeting HSP47 and HSP70: promising therapeutic approaches in liver fibrosis management. J Transl Med 2022; 20:544. [DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLiver fibrosis is a liver disease in which there is an excessive buildup of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen. By regulating cytokine production and the inflammatory response, heat shock proteins (HSPs) contribute significantly to a wider spectrum of fibrotic illnesses, such as lung, liver, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by aiding in the folding and assembly of freshly synthesized proteins, HSPs serve as chaperones. HSP70 is one of the key HSPs in avoiding protein aggregation which induces its action by sending unfolded and/or misfolded proteins to the ubiquitin–proteasome degradation pathway and antagonizing influence on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. HSP47, on the other hand, is crucial for boosting collagen synthesis, and deposition, and fostering the emergence of fibrotic disorders. The current review aims to provide light on how HSP70 and HSP47 affect hepatic fibrogenesis. Additionally, our review looks into new therapeutic approaches that target HSP70 and HSP47 and could potentially be used as drug candidates to treat liver fibrosis, especially in cases of comorbidities.
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Xu JH, Xu SQ, Ding SL, Yang H, Huang X, Shi HF. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate the formation of pathological scars in rats. Regen Ther 2022; 20:86-94. [PMID: 35509267 PMCID: PMC9048073 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
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Muddassir M, Limbert G, Navarro-Alarcon D. Development of a numerical multi-layer model of skin subjected to pulsed laser irradiation to optimise thermal stimulation in photorejuvenation procedure. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 216:106653. [PMID: 35144148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This paper presents the development of a 3D physics-based numerical model of skin capable of representing the laser-skin photo-thermal interactions occurring in skin photorejuvenation treatment procedures. The aim of this model was to provide a rational and quantitative basis to control and predict temperature distribution within the layered structure of skin. Ultimately, this mathematical and numerical modelling platform will guide the design of an automatic robotic controller to precisely regulate skin temperature at desired depths and for specific durations. METHODS The Pennes bioheat equation was used to account for heat transfer in a 3D multi-layer model of skin. The effects of blood perfusion, skin pigmentation and various convection conditions are also incorporated in the proposed model. The photo-thermal effect due to pulsed laser light on skin is computed using light diffusion theory. The physics-based constitutive model was numerically implemented using a combination of finite volume and finite difference techniques. Direct sensitivity routines were also implemented to assess the influence of constitutive parameters on temperature. A stability analysis of the numerical model was conducted. RESULTS Finally, the numerical model was exploited to assess its ability to predict temperature distribution and thermal damage via a multi-parametric study which accounted for a wide array of biophysical parameters such as light coefficients of absorption for individual skin layers and melanin levels (correlated with ethnicity). It was shown how critical is the link between melanin content, laser light characteristics and potential thermal damage to skin. CONCLUSIONS The developed photo-thermal model of skin-laser interactions paves the way for the design of an automated simulation-driven photorejuvenation robot, thus alleviating the need for inconsistent and error-prone human operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muddassir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), KLN, Hong Kong.
| | - Georges Limbert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa.
| | - David Navarro-Alarcon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), KLN, Hong Kong.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang W, Ge X. The role of heat shock proteins in the regulation of fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 135:111067. [PMID: 33383375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are key players to restore cell homeostasis and act as chaperones by assisting the folding and assembly of newly synthesized proteins and preventing protein aggregation. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that HSPs have been proven to have other functions except for the classical molecular chaperoning in that they play an important role in a wider range of fibrotic diseases via modulating cytokine induction and inflammation response, including lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The recruitment of inflammatory cells, a large number of secretion of pro-fibrotic cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proteasomal system degradation are all events occurring during fibrogenesis, which might be associated with HSPs. However, their role on fibrotic process is not yet fully understood. In this review, we discuss new discoveries regarding the involvement of HSPs in the regulation of organ and tissue fibrosis, and note recent findings suggesting that HSPs may be a promising therapeutic target for improving the current frustrating outcome of fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Wenmin Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Ge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Pagano T, Travaglino A, Raffone A, Vallone R, Buonfantino C, De Rosa P, Locci M, Guadagno E, Insabato L, Salvatore S, De Placido G. Fractional Microablative CO 2 Laser-Related Histological Changes on Vulvar Tissue in Patients With Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:521-527. [PMID: 32797701 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fractional CO2 laser has been proposed as an effective treatment for the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). However, the effects of laser treatment on vulvar tissue have never been assessed. We aimed to assess histological changes related to fractional CO2 laser in vulvar tissue from GSM patients. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center observational prospective cohort study was performed enrolling all GSM patients from July 2017 to October 2018. Patients underwent three outpatient vulvovaginal applications of fractional CO2 laser and vulvar biopsy before and after treatment. Rates of histological changes in vulvar tissue, the difference in means of Vulva Health Index (VuHI), Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Visual Analogue Scale scores for GSM symptoms, and procedure-related pain, and rate of patient's overall satisfaction with treatment were assessed. Univariate comparisons between continuous variables were performed by using the paired t-test (α error = 0.05). RESULTS Of 20 enrolled patients, 18 underwent all laser applications, and 15 underwent both vulvar biopsies. 93.3% of patients showed remodeling of vulvar connective tissue; 80% showed improvement in vulvar epithelium trophism and 86.7% showed neovascularization. Differences in means between before and after treatment were significant for VuHI, VHI, and all GSM symptoms. Means ± standard deviation of the degree of pain at each laser application were 4.4 ± 0.9, 3.7 ± 1.6, and 2.9 ± 1.9. The rate of overall satisfaction with the treatment was 72.2%. CONCLUSIONS Fractional CO2 laser leads to a restoration of the normal architecture of vulvar tissue, with significant improvement in GSM-related signs and symptoms, and overall satisfaction with the treatment in most GSM patients. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pagano
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Vallone
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cira Buonfantino
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Rosa
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Locci
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Elia Guadagno
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvatore
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Placido
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Victor MP, Acharya D, Chakraborty S, Ghosh TC. Chaperone client proteins evolve slower than non-client proteins. Funct Integr Genomics 2020; 20:621-631. [PMID: 32377887 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones are important molecular machinery that assists proteins to attain their native three-dimensional structure crucial for function. Earlier studies using experimental evolution showed that chaperones impose a relaxation of sequence constraints on their "client" proteins, which may lead to the fixation of slightly deleterious mutations on the latter. However, we hypothesized that such a phenomenon might be harmful to the organism in a natural physiological condition. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary rates of chaperone client and non-client proteins in five model organisms from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages. Our study reveals a slower evolutionary rate of chaperone client proteins in all five organisms. Additionally, the slower folding rate and lower aggregation propensity of chaperone client proteins reveal that the chaperone may play an essential role in rescuing the slightly disadvantageous effects due to random mutations and subsequent protein misfolding. However, the fixation of such mutations is less likely to be selected in the natural population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debarun Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Louis F, Fujii N, Katsuyama M, Okumoto S, Matsusaki M. Effects of radiofrequency and ultrasound on the turnover rate of skin aging components (skin extracellular matrix and epidermis) via HSP47-induced stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:S0006-291X(20)30286-2. [PMID: 32081434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging cannot be escaped, being due to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. They lead to a reduced extracellular collagen matrix in the dermis, along with a higher degradation by metalloproteases (MMPs) activity, as well as a lower differentiation and function of epidermis keratinocytes, characterized by wrinkling and loss of skin elasticity. One of the recent technology to overcome this skin aging process is the use of radiofrequency (RF) and ultrasound (US) technologies which use thermal stimulation to induce neocollagenesis in the skin. But no explanations exist on the involved pathways. Our hypothesis is that RF-US generated heat increases the collagen formation via the heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) induction, a heat sensitive protein related to the collagen expression. To confirm this hypothesis, normal human skin substitutes were subjected to RF-US treatment and results were monitored after 24 and 44 h. RNA sequencing showed a significant induction for the genes related to the epidermis differentiation processes. Almost all keratin genes were thus found upregulated from 2 to 15 times, while collagen type XVII and collagen type IV were increased 12 and 5 times respectively. In parallel, most of MMP genes were observed downregulated. RF-US treatment significantly increased levels of HSP47 proteins, while collagen XVII proteins showed a tendency to be increased and glycosaminoglycans were found 1.4 times significantly enhanced. Finally, histology assessment showed a higher expression of cytokeratins 10 and 14 which can testify a possible reactivation of the skin proliferative state as a rejuvenation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louis
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Narumi Fujii
- Materials Solution Department, Product Analysis Center, Panasonic Corporation, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-8686, Japan.
| | - Misa Katsuyama
- Materials Solution Department, Product Analysis Center, Panasonic Corporation, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-8686, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okumoto
- Materials Solution Department, Product Analysis Center, Panasonic Corporation, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-8686, Japan.
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Digesu GA, Vieira‐Baptista P, Tailor V, Stockdale C, Preti M. Response letter to comments related to “The clinical role of LASER for vulvar and vaginal treatments in gynecology and female urology: An ICS/ISSVD best practice consensus document”. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:473-476. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Vieira‐Baptista
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Lusíadas Porto Porto Portugal
- Lower Genital Tract Unit Centro Hospitalar de São João Porto Portugal
| | - Visha Tailor
- Department of Urogynaecology Imperial College Healthcare London UK
| | - Colleen Stockdale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Mario Preti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Torino Torino Italy
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11
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Guo Q, Zhu L, Wang C, Wang S, Nie X, Liu J, Liu Q, Hao Y, Li X, Lin B. SERPIND1 Affects the Malignant Biological Behavior of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via the PI3K/AKT Pathway: A Mechanistic Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:954. [PMID: 31637210 PMCID: PMC6788328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpin family D member 1 (SERPIND1) belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family. Its role in cancers has gradually attracted interest from researchers in recent years. However, the role of SERPIND1 in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer remains poorly understood. This studied aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of SERPIND1 in epithelial ovarian cancer, as well as its effect on the malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells and the related regulatory mechanisms. We found that SERPIND1 expression was significantly elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients with higher expression of SERPIND1 in ovarian cancer tissues had poor prognoses. SERPIND1 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, G1-to-S phase transition, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells and inhibited their apoptosis by promoting phosphorylation in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. Meanwhile, the inhibition of SERPIND1 expression in ovarian cancer cells resulted in opposite effects. The addition of the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 to SERPIND1-overexpressing cells could reverse the promoting effect of SERPIND1 on the malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Further, nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1, a transcription factor could bind to the promoter region of SERPIND1 and regulate SERPIND1 expression. In conclusion, our results indicated that SERPIND1 could be an effective marker for assessing the prognosis of ovarian cancer. By elucidating its mechanism underlying the promotion of malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer by SERPIND1, we demonstrated that SERPIND1 could potentially serve as a novel drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
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12
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Heat Shock Proteins Are Essential Components in Transformation and Tumor Progression: Cancer Cell Intrinsic Pathways and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184507. [PMID: 31514477 PMCID: PMC6769451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis is switched on in a remarkably wide range of tumor cells, in both experimental animal systems and in human cancer, in which these proteins accumulate in high levels. In each case, elevated HSP concentrations bode ill for the patient, and are associated with a poor outlook in terms of survival in most cancer types. The significance of elevated HSPs is underpinned by their essential roles in mediating tumor cell intrinsic traits such as unscheduled cell division, escape from programmed cell death and senescence, de novo angiogenesis, and increased invasion and metastasis. An increased HSP expression thus seems essential for tumorigenesis. Perhaps of equal significance is the pronounced interplay between cancer cells and the tumor milieu, with essential roles for intracellular HSPs in the properties of the stromal cells, and their roles in programming malignant cells and in the release of HSPs from cancer cells to influence the behavior of the adjacent tumor and infiltrating the normal cells. These findings of a triple role for elevated HSP expression in tumorigenesis strongly support the targeting of HSPs in cancer, especially given the role of such stress proteins in resistance to conventional therapies.
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13
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Tong L, Liao Q, Zhao Y, Huang H, Gao A, Zhang W, Gao X, Wei W, Guan M, Chu PK, Wang H. Near-infrared light control of bone regeneration with biodegradable photothermal osteoimplant. Biomaterials 2019; 193:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Baderna D, Caloni F, Benfenati E. Investigating landfill leachate toxicity in vitro: A review of cell models and endpoints. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:21-30. [PMID: 30448364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture characterized by high toxicity and able to contaminate soils and waters surrounding the dumpsite, especially in developing countries where engineered landfills are still rare. Leachate pollution can severely damage natural ecosystems and harm human health. Traditionally, the hazard assessment of leachate is based on physicochemical characterization but the toxicity is not considered. In the last few decades, different bioassays have been used to assess the toxicity of this complex matrix, including human-related in vitro models. This article reviews the cell bioassays successfully used for the risk assessment of leachate and to evaluate the efficiency of toxicity removal of several processes for detoxification of this wastewater. Articles from 2003 to 2018 are covered, focusing mainly on studies that used human cell lines, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of in vitro models for assessing the hazard involved with exposure to leachate, particularly as an integrative supporting tool for chemical-based risk assessment. Leachate is generally toxic, mutagenic, genotoxic and estrogenic in vitro, and these effects can be measured in the cells exposed to already low concentrations, confirming the serious hazard of this wastewater for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
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Linard C, Brachet M, Strup-Perrot C, L'homme B, Busson E, Squiban C, Holler V, Bonneau M, Lataillade JJ, Bey E, Benderitter M. Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Quality and Stability of Vascularized Flap Surgery of Irradiated Skin in Pigs. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:569-582. [PMID: 29777577 PMCID: PMC6090511 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous radiation syndrome has severe long-term health consequences. Because it causes an unpredictable course of inflammatory waves, conventional surgical treatment is ineffective and often leads to a fibronecrotic process. Data about the long-term stability of healed wounds, with neither inflammation nor resumption of fibrosis, are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effect of injections of local autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs), combined with plastic surgery for skin necrosis, in a large-animal model. Three months after irradiation overexposure to the rump, minipigs were divided into three groups: one group treated by simple excision of the necrotic tissue, the second by vascularized-flap surgery, and the third by vascularized-flap surgery and local autologous BM-MSC injections. Three additional injections of the BM-MSCs were performed weekly for 3 weeks. The quality of cutaneous wound healing was examined 1 year post-treatment. The necrotic tissue excision induced a pathologic scar characterized by myofibroblasts, excessive collagen-1 deposits, and inadequate vascular density. The vascularized-flap surgery alone was accompanied by inadequate production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (decorin, fibronectin); the low col1/col3 ratio, associated with persistent inflammatory nodules, and the loss of vascularization both attested to continued immaturity of the ECM. BM-MSC therapy combined with vascularized-flap surgery provided mature wound healing characterized by a col1/col3 ratio and decorin and fibronectin expression that were all similar to that of nonirradiated skin, with no inflammation, and vascular stability. In this preclinical model, vascularized flap surgery successfully and lastingly remodeled irradiated skin only when combined with BM-MSC therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018:569-582.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Linard
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel Brachet
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Military Hospital of Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Carine Strup-Perrot
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bruno L'homme
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elodie Busson
- Research and Cell Therapy Department, Military Blood Transfusion Center, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Claire Squiban
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valerie Holler
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Michel Bonneau
- Centre of Research in Interventional Imaging, National Institut of Agronomic Research, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Research and Cell Therapy Department, Military Blood Transfusion Center, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Eric Bey
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Military Hospital of Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Kitamura A, Ishida Y, Kubota H, Pack CG, Homma T, Ito S, Araki K, Kinjo M, Nagata K. Detection of substrate binding of a collagen-specific molecular chaperone HSP47 in solution using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:279-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Probing the folding pathway of a consensus serpin using single tryptophan mutants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2121. [PMID: 29391487 PMCID: PMC5794792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Conserpin is an engineered protein that represents the consensus of a sequence alignment of eukaryotic serpins: protease inhibitors typified by a metastable native state and a structurally well-conserved scaffold. Previously, this protein has been found to adopt a native inhibitory conformation, possess an atypical reversible folding pathway and exhibit pronounced resistance to inactivation. Here we have designed a version of conserpin, cAT, with the inhibitory specificity of α1-antitrypsin, and generated single-tryptophan variants to probe its folding pathway in more detail. cAT exhibited similar thermal stability to the parental protein, an inactivation associated with oligomerisation rather a transition to the latent conformation, and a native state with pronounced kinetic stability. The tryptophan variants reveal the unfolding intermediate ensemble to consist of an intact helix H, a distorted helix F and ‘breach’ region structurally similar to that of a mesophilic serpin intermediate. A combination of intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and analytical gel filtration provide insight into a highly cooperative folding pathway with concerted changes in secondary and tertiary structure, which minimises the accumulation of two directly-observed aggregation-prone intermediate species. This functional conserpin variant represents a basis for further studies of the relationship between structure and stability in the serpin superfamily.
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18
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Leuschner G, Behr J. Acute Exacerbation in Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:176. [PMID: 29109947 PMCID: PMC5660065 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) has been defined as an acute, clinically significant deterioration that develops within less than 1 month without obvious clinical cause like fluid overload, left heart failure, or pulmonary embolism. Pathophysiologically, damage of the alveoli is the predominant feature of AE-IPF which manifests histopathologically as diffuse alveolar damage and radiologically as diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacification on high-resolution computed tomography. A growing body of literature now focuses on acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Based on a shared pathophysiology it is generally accepted that AE-ILD can affect all patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) but apparently occurs more frequently in patients with an underlying usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. The etiology of AE-ILD is not fully understood, but there are distinct risk factors and triggers like infection, mechanical stress, and microaspiration. In general, AE-ILD has a poor prognosis and is associated with a high mortality within 6–12 months. Although there is a lack of evidence based data, in clinical practice, AE-ILD is often treated with a high dose corticosteroid therapy and antibiotics. This article aims to provide a summary of the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of AE-ILD as well as an update on the current developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Leuschner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Ludwig Maximilians University, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Ludwig Maximilians University, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Gauting, Germany
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Otsuka M, Shiratori M, Chiba H, Kuronuma K, Sato Y, Niitsu Y, Takahashi H. Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with siRNA against a collagen-specific chaperone HSP47 in vitamin A-coupled liposomes. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:271-282. [PMID: 29035148 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1354946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological state of progressive interstitial lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) on a collagen-specific chaperone heat shock protein 47 (HSP47). The siRNA was preferentially delivered to myofibroblasts in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model using siRNA against HSP47, encapsulated in a vitamin A-coupled liposome (VA-lip-siRNA HSP47). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with an intratracheal injection of BLM or phosphate buffered saline followed by an intravenous injection of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 three times per week under preventive administration schedules from day 1 to day 21 and therapeutic administration schedules from day 15 to day 35. The expression of HSP47 after the treatment was assessed by immunoblotting. The specific delivery of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 conjugated with 6'-carboxyfluoresce into myofibroblasts was examined by immunofluorescence staining. The effect of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 on fibrosis was analyzed by morphological and biochemical methods. Preferential delivery of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 to myofibroblasts in fibrotic areas in BLM-treated rats was verified by immunofluorescence staining. Treatment of VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 clearly suppressed HSP47 expression and induced apoptosis of myofibroblasts in the lung of BLM-treated rats. Hydroxyproline levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchial alveolar lavage of BLM-treated rats were significantly suppressed by the treatment. Morphological assessment showed that VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 also significantly improved the morphological pulmonary fibrosis of BLM-treated rats in both preventive and therapeutic schedules. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VA-lip-siRNA HSP47 improves pulmonary fibrosis in not only preventive, but also therapeutic schedules, and thus, this drug delivery system should provide a novel therapy for refractory pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Otsuka
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masanori Shiratori
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Koji Kuronuma
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yoshiro Niitsu
- c Department of Molecular Target Exploration , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology , Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
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20
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Vaginal Atrophy in Breast Cancer Survivors: Attitude and Approaches Among Oncologists. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:611-617. [PMID: 28655486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a relevant problem for breast cancer survivors (BCSs), in particular for those who receive aromatase inhibitors (AIs). We conducted a survey, to assess the attitude of oncologists toward the diagnosis and treatment of VVA in BCSs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2015, 120 computer-assisted Web interviews were performed among breast oncologists. RESULTS According to oncologists' perceptions, 60% of postmenopausal BCSs and 39.4% of premenopausal BCSs will suffer from VVA. Despite that none of the physicians considered VVA as a transient event or a secondary problem in BCSs, only half of the oncologists (48%) directly illustrated VVA to the patients as a possible consequence. Forty-one percent of the oncologists refer BCSs to gynaecologist to define VVA treatment, whereas 35.1% manages it alone. Nonhormonal treatments are preferred by most oncologists (71%). The main reason not to prescribe vaginal estrogen therapy in BCSs is the fear of increased cancer recurrence, the possible interference with tamoxifen, or AIs and the fear of medical litigation. CONCLUSION VVA is a relevant problem for BCSs. Great effort should be done to correctly inform health care providers about VVA problems and on the different possible available treatments.
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Tadir Y, Gaspar A, Lev-Sagie A, Alexiades M, Alinsod R, Bader A, Calligaro A, Elias JA, Gambaciani M, Gaviria JE, Iglesia CB, Selih-Martinec K, Mwesigwa PL, Ogrinc UB, Salvatore S, Scollo P, Zerbinati N, Nelson JS. Light and energy based therapeutics for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: Consensus and controversies. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:137-159. [PMID: 28220946 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologist and plastic surgeons pioneered the application of lasers in medicine and surgery almost 5 decades ago, initially used to treat cervical and vaginal pathologies. Ever since, energy-based devices have been deployed to treat pelvic pathologies and improve fertility. Recent technological developments triggered an unprecedented wave of publications, assessing the efficacy of fractional laser, and radiofrequency on the vaginal wall in reversing natural aging processes. Studies have shown that a certain degree of thermal energy deposited on the vaginal wall stimulates proliferation of the glycogen-enriched epithelium, neovascularization, and collagen formation in the lamina propria, and improves natural lubrication and control of urination. This review aimed to review such data and to guide future research. A unique assembly of experts from around the globe, compiled and edited this manuscript based on a thorough literature review and personal experience. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:137-159, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Tadir
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Adrian Gaspar
- Department of Laser Surgery, Mendoza Hospital, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ahinoam Lev-Sagie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Macrene Alexiades
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Red Alinsod
- South Coast Urogynecology, Laguna Beach, California
| | - Alex Bader
- Reconstruction & Cosmetic Gynecology, London, UK
| | - Alberto Calligaro
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jorge A Elias
- Urogynecology and Aesthetic Gynecology Clinic, Boenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Gambaciani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jorge E Gaviria
- Aesthetics and Laser Medical Educational Center, Korpo Laser, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Cheryl B Iglesia
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Patricia L Mwesigwa
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Stefano Salvatore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Scollo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - John Stuart Nelson
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California
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Pagano I, Gieri S, Nocera F, Scibilia G, Fraggetta F, Galia A, Gioè M, Pecorino B, Scollo P. Evaluation of the CO<sub>2</sub> Laser Therapy on Vulvo-Vaginal Atrophy (VVA) in Oncological Patients: Preliminary Results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2017.85039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Greenhough J, Papadakis ES, Cutress RI, Townsend PA, Oreffo ROC, Tare RS. Regulation of osteoblast development by Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG-1). Sci Rep 2016; 6:33504. [PMID: 27633857 PMCID: PMC5025845 DOI: 10.1038/srep33504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG-1) is expressed by osteoblast-lineage cells; early embryonic lethality in Bag-1 null mice, however, has limited the investigation of BAG-1 function in osteoblast development. In the present study, bone morphogenetic protein-2/BMP-2-directed osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of Bag-1+/− (heterozygous) female mice was decreased significantly. Genes crucial for osteogenic differentiation, bone matrix formation and mineralisation were expressed at significantly lower levels in cultures of Bag-1+/− BMSCs supplemented with BMP-2, while genes with roles in inhibition of BMP-2-directed osteoblastogenesis were significantly upregulated. 17-β-estradiol (E2) enhanced responsiveness of BMSCs of wild-type and Bag-1+/− mice to BMP-2, and promoted robust BMP-2-stimulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. BAG-1 can modulate cellular responses to E2 by regulating the establishment of functional estrogen receptors (ERs), crucially, via its interaction with heat shock proteins (HSC70/HSP70). Inhibition of BAG-1 binding to HSC70 by the small-molecule chemical inhibitor, Thioflavin-S, and a short peptide derived from the C-terminal BAG domain, which mediates binding with the ATPase domain of HSC70, resulted in significant downregulation of E2/ER-facilitated BMP-2-directed osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. These studies demonstrate for the first time the significance of BAG-1-mediated protein-protein interactions, specifically, BAG-1-regulated activation of ER by HSC70, in modulation of E2-facilitated BMP-2-directed osteoblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Greenhough
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouil S Papadakis
- Cancer Research UK Centre Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- Cancer Research UK Centre Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Understanding and exploiting molecular mechanisms in biology is central to chemical biology. Chemical biology studies of biological macromolecules are now in a perfect continuum with molecular level and nanomolecular level mechanistic studies involving whole organisms. The potential opportunity presented by such studies is the design and creation of genuine precision active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs; including DNA, siRNA, smaller-molecule bioactives) that demonstrate exceptional levels of disease target specificity and selectivity. This article covers the best of my personal and collaborative academic research work using an organic chemistry and chemical biology approach towards understanding biological molecular recognition processes, work that appears to be leading to the generation of novel precision APIs with genuine potential for the treatments of major chronic diseases that afflict globally.
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Hruskova L, Fijalkowski I, Van Hul W, Marik I, Mortier G, Martasek P, Mazura I. Eight mutations including 5 novel ones in the COL1A1 gene in Czech patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:442-7. [PMID: 27132807 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also called brittle bone disease, is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by decreased bone density. Autosomal dominant forms result from mutations in either the COL1A1 (collagen type I alpha-1 chain) or COL1A2 (collagen type I alpha-2 chain) genes encoding the type I collagen. The aim of this study was to identify mutations and allelic variants of the COL1A1 gene in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular genetic analysis of the COL1A1 gene was performed in a cohort of 34 patients with OI. The DNA samples were analysed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. DNA changes in coding sequences of the gene were compared with Type 1 Collagen Mutation Database. Genetic variants resulting in either quantitatively or structurally defective protein production were found in 6 unrelated patients. Four identified mutations are connected to decreased protein production (Tyr47X, Arg131X, Arg415X, Gln1341X), 2 result in amino acid substitution (Cys61Phe, Pro1186Ala) and the last affects splicing (c.1057-1G>T). Further, one silent mutation (Gly794Gly) was detected. No protein analysis was performed. CONCLUSION Of the 8 identified mutations, 5 were novel and have not been reported before. Only one causes substitution of glycine located within the Gly-X-Y triplets in the triple helical domain. Two mutations are located in major ligand binding regions (MLBR) which are important for bone strength and flexibility. Although the genotype-phenotype correlation is still unclear, our findings should contribute to elucidating this relationship in patients diagnosed with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hruskova
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Fijalkowski
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivo Marik
- Ambulant Centre for Defects of Locomotor Apparatus 1.1.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medical Studies, West Bohemia University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Geert Mortier
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pavel Martasek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mazura
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Histological study on the effects of microablative fractional CO2 laser on atrophic vaginal tissue: an ex vivo study. Menopause 2016; 22:845-9. [PMID: 25608269 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microablative fractional CO2 laser has been proven to determine tissue remodeling with neoformation of collagen and elastic fibers on atrophic skin. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of microablative fractional CO2 laser on postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy using an ex vivo model. METHODS This is a prospective ex vivo cohort trial. Consecutive postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy managed with pelvic organ prolapse surgical operation were enrolled. After fascial plication, the redundant vaginal edge on one side was treated with CO2 laser (SmartXide2; DEKA Laser, Florence, Italy). Five different CO2 laser setup protocols were tested. The contralateral part of the vaginal wall was always used as control. Excessive vagina was trimmed and sent for histological evaluation to compare treated and nontreated tissues. Microscopic and ultrastructural aspects of the collagenic and elastic components of the matrix were studied, and a specific image analysis with computerized morphometry was performed. We also considered the fine cytological aspects of connective tissue proper cells, particularly fibroblasts. RESULTS During the study period, five women were enrolled, and 10 vaginal specimens were finally retrieved. Four different settings of CO2 laser were compared. Protocols were tested twice each to confirm histological findings. Treatment protocols were compared according to histological findings, particularly in maximal depth and connective changes achieved. All procedures were uneventful for participants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that microablative fractional CO2 laser can produce a remodeling of vaginal connective tissue without causing damage to surrounding tissue.
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Yang Y, Ma W, Ma H, Sun M, Chang Q, Pei X, Wang Y. The spatiotemporal expression and localization implicates a potential role for SerpinB11 in the process of mouse spermatogenesis and apoptosis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2015; 36:170-81. [PMID: 24785531 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2014.917321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the spatiotemporal expression of SerpinB11 in the mouse testis from postnatal 1-60 d was checked, the SerpinB11 protein strongly localized in the intermediate spermatogonia, B-type spermatogonium, preleptotene spermatocyte, leptonema spermatocyte, zygotene spermatocyte, but weakly localized in the pachytene spermatocyte, diplotene spermatocyte, sphere sperm, and the apoptotic sperm was positive stained of SerpinB11 protein, the localization of cell cycle marker CDK4 and meiosis marker SCP3 were investigated, and the SCP3 and SerpinB11 colocalized in the intermediate spermatogonia, B-type spermatogonium, preleptotene spermatocyte. Taken together, these results suggested that SerpinB11 might involved in spermatogenesis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology , Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , P.R. China
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Singh K, Agrawal NK, Gupta SK, Mohan G, Chaturvedi S, Singh K. Decreased expression of heat shock proteins may lead to compromised wound healing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:578-88. [PMID: 25746357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are inducible stress proteins expressed in cells exposed to stress. HSPs promote wound healing by recruitment of dermal fibroblasts to the site of injury and bring about protein homeostasis. Diabetic wounds are hard to heal and inadequate HSPs may be important contributors in the etiology of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). OBJECTIVE To analyze the differential expression of HSPs and their downstream molecules in human diabetic wounds compared to control wounds. METHODS Expressional levels of HSP27, HSP47 and HSP70 and their downstream molecules like TLR4, p38-MAPK were seen in biopsies from 101 human diabetic wounds compared to 8 control subjects without diabetes using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our study suggested a significant down regulation of HSP70, HSP47 and HSP27 (p value=<0.001 for HSP70; p value=0.007 for HSP47; p value=0.007 for HSP27) in DFU along with their downstream molecules TLR4 and p38-MAPK (p value=0.006 for p38-MAPK; p value=0.02 for TLR4). HSP70 levels were significantly lower in male subjects and their levels increased significantly with the grades of wound on Wagner's scale. Infection status of the wounds was found to be significantly associated with the increased levels of HSP70 and HSP27 in infected diabetic wounds. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the down regulation of HSPs in diabetic wounds is associated with wound healing impairment in T2DM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Neeraj K Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sanjeev K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyanendra Mohan
- Indian Railway Cancer Institute and Research Centre, N.E.R., Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Sunanda Chaturvedi
- Indian Railway Cancer Institute and Research Centre, N.E.R., Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Zerbinati N, Serati M, Origoni M, Candiani M, Iannitti T, Salvatore S, Marotta F, Calligaro A. Microscopic and ultrastructural modifications of postmenopausal atrophic vaginal mucosa after fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:429-36. [PMID: 25410301 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal atrophy occurring during menopause is closely related to the dramatic decrease in ovarian estrogens due to the loss of follicular activity. Particularly, significant changes occur in the structure of the vaginal mucosa, with consequent impairment of many physiological functions. In this study, carried out on bioptic vaginal mucosa samples from postmenopausal, nonestrogenized women, we present microscopic and ultrastructural modifications of vaginal mucosa following fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment. We observed the restoration of the vaginal thick squamous stratified epithelium with a significant storage of glycogen in the epithelial cells and a high degree of glycogen-rich shedding cells at the epithelial surface. Moreover, in the connective tissue constituting the lamina propria, active fibroblasts synthesized new components of the extracellular matrix including collagen and ground substance (extrafibrillar matrix) molecules. Differently from atrophic mucosa, newly-formed papillae of connective tissue indented in the epithelium and typical blood capillaries penetrating inside the papillae, were also observed. Our morphological findings support the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser application for the restoration of vaginal mucosa structure and related physiological trophism. These findings clearly coupled with striking clinical relief from symptoms suffered by the patients before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Liong S, Lappas M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Increased after Spontaneous Labor in Human Fetal Membranes and Myometrium Where It Regulates the Expression of Prolabor Mediators1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Influence of heating and cyclic tension on the induction of heat shock proteins and bone-related proteins by MC3T3-E1 cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:354260. [PMID: 25013774 PMCID: PMC4071810 DOI: 10.1155/2014/354260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Stress conditioning (e.g., thermal, shear, and tensile stress) of bone cells has been shown to enhance healing. However, prior studies have not investigated whether combined stress could synergistically promote bone regeneration. This study explored the impact of combined thermal and tensile stress on the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and bone-related proteins by a murine preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1). Cells were exposed to thermal stress using a water bath (44°C for 4 or 8 minutes) with postheating incubation (37°C for 4 hours) followed by exposure to cyclic strain (equibiaxial 3%, 0.2 Hz, cycle of 10-second tensile stress followed by 10-second rest). Combined thermal stress and tensile stress induced mRNA expression of HSP27 (1.41 relative fold induction (RFI) compared to sham-treated control), HSP70 (5.55 RFI), and osteopontin (1.44 RFI) but suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (0.6 RFI) compared to the control. Combined thermal and tensile stress increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion into the culture supernatant (1.54-fold increase compared to the control). Therefore, combined thermal and mechanical stress preconditioning can enhance HSP induction and influence protein expression important for bone tissue healing.
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32
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Expression and localization of SerpinB11 in mouse uteri during peri-implantation and the estrous cycle. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:373-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Aryal RP, Ju T, Cummings RD. Identification of a novel protein binding motif within the T-synthase for the molecular chaperone Cosmc. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11630-11641. [PMID: 24616093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies suggested that the core 1 β3-galactosyltransferase (T-synthase) is a specific client of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Cosmc, whose function is required for T-synthase folding, activity, and consequent synthesis of normal O-glycans in all vertebrate cells. To explore whether the T-synthase encodes a specific recognition motif for Cosmc, we used deletion mutagenesis to identify a cryptic linear and relatively hydrophobic peptide in the N-terminal stem region of the T-synthase that is essential for binding to Cosmc (Cosmc binding region within T-synthase, or CBRT). Using this sequence information, we synthesized a peptide containing CBRT and found that it directly interacts with Cosmc and also inhibits Cosmc-assisted in vitro refolding of denatured T-synthase. Moreover, engineered T-synthase carrying mutations within CBRT exhibited diminished binding to Cosmc that resulted in the formation of inactive T-synthase. To confirm the general recognition of CBRT by Cosmc, we performed a domain swap experiment in which we inserted the stem region of the T-synthase into the human β4GalT1 and found that the CBRT element can confer Cosmc binding onto the β4GalT1 chimera. Thus, CBRT is a unique recognition motif for Cosmc to promote its regulation and formation of active T-synthase and represents the first sequence-specific chaperone recognition system in the ER/Golgi required for normal protein O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajindra P Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
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Sajjadi AY, Mitra K, Grace M. Expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 47 in tissues following short-pulse laser irradiation: Assessment of thermal damage and healing. Med Eng Phys 2013; 35:1406-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Germany.
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Aggregates, crystals, gels, and amyloids: intracellular and extracellular phenotypes at the crossroads of immunoglobulin physicochemical property and cell physiology. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:604867. [PMID: 23533417 PMCID: PMC3603282 DOI: 10.1155/2013/604867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunoglobulins comprise an important class of human therapeutics. Although specific immunoglobulins can be purposefully raised against desired antigen targets by various methods, identifying an immunoglobulin clone that simultaneously possesses potent therapeutic activities and desirable manufacturing-related attributes often turns out to be challenging. The variable domains of individual immunoglobulins primarily define the unique antigen specificities and binding affinities inherent to each clone. The primary sequence of the variable domains also specifies the unique physicochemical properties that modulate various aspects of individual immunoglobulin life cycle, starting from the biosynthetic steps in the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory pathway trafficking, secretion, and the fate in the extracellular space and in the endosome-lysosome system. Because of the diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin physicochemical properties, some immunoglobulin clones' intrinsic properties may manifest as intriguing cellular phenotypes, unusual solution behaviors, and serious pathologic outcomes that are of scientific and clinical importance. To gain renewed insights into identifying manufacturable therapeutic antibodies, this paper catalogs important intracellular and extracellular phenotypes induced by various subsets of immunoglobulin clones occupying different niches of diverse physicochemical repertoire space. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that make certain immunoglobulin clones desirable or undesirable for large-scale manufacturing and therapeutic use are summarized.
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Wu Y, Huang S, Enhe J, Ma K, Yang S, Sun T, Fu X. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell attenuates skin fibrosis development in mice. Int Wound J 2013; 11:701-10. [PMID: 23409729 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation significantly alleviated tissue fibrosis; however, little is known about the efficacy on attenuating cutaneous scar formation. In this study, we established a dermal fibrosis model induced by bleomycin and evaluated the benefit of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on skin fibrosis development. Tracing assay of green fluorescent protein (GFP(+) )BM-MSCs showed that the cells disappeared gradually within 24 hours upon administration, which hinted the action of BM-MSCs in vivo was exerted in the initial phase of repair in this model. Therefore, we repeatedly transplanted syngeneic BM-MSCs in the process of skin fibrosis formation. After 3 weeks, it was found that BM-MSC-treated lesional skin demonstrated a unanimous basket-weave organisation of collagen arrangement similar to normal skin, with few inflammatory cells. In addition, lesional skin with BM-MSC treatment exhibited a significant down-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type I collagen and heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47), with higher expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2, -9 and -13. Further experiments showed that α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells, the most reliable marker of myofibroblasts, apparently decreased after BM-MSC transplantation, which revealed that BM-MSCs could attenuate myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as matrix production. Taken together, these findings suggested that BM-MSCs can inhibit the formation process of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis, alleviate inflammation and favour the remodelling of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, China; Burns Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abdul-Wahab MF, Homma T, Wright M, Olerenshaw D, Dafforn TR, Nagata K, Miller AD. The pH sensitivity of murine heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) binding to collagen is affected by mutations in the breach histidine cluster. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4452-61. [PMID: 23212911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a single-substrate molecular chaperone crucial for collagen biosynthesis. Although its function is well established, the molecular mechanisms that govern binding to procollagen peptides and triple helices in the endoplasmic reticulum (followed by controlled release in the Golgi) are unclear. HSP47 binds procollagen at a neutral pH but releases at a pH similar to the pK(a) of the imidazole side chain of histidine residues. It thus seems likely that these residues are involved in this pH-dependent mechanism. Murine HSP47 has 14 histidine residues grouped into three clusters, known as the breach, gate, and shutter. Here, we report the use of histidine mutagenesis to demonstrate the relative contribution of these three clusters to HSP47 structure and the "pH switch." Many of the tested mutants are silent; however, breach mutants H197A and H198A show binding but no apparent pH switch and are unable to control release. Another breach mutant, H191A, shows perturbed collagen release characteristics, consistent with observed perturbations in pH-driven trans-conformational changes. Thus, His-198, His-197 and His-191 are important (if not central) to HSP47 mechanism of binding/release to collagen. This is consistent with the breach cluster residues being well conserved across the HSP47 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Yagi-Utsumi M, Yoshikawa S, Yamaguchi Y, Nishi Y, Kurimoto E, Ishida Y, Homma T, Hoseki J, Nishikawa Y, Koide T, Nagata K, Kato K. NMR and mutational identification of the collagen-binding site of the chaperone Hsp47. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45930. [PMID: 23049894 PMCID: PMC3457968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) acts as a client-specific chaperone for collagen and plays a vital role in collagen maturation and the consequent embryonic development. In addition, this protein can be a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis. Despite its physiological and pathological importance, little is currently known about the collagen-binding mode of Hsp47 from a structural aspect. Here, we describe an NMR study that was conducted to identify the collagen-binding site of Hsp47. We used chicken Hsp47, which has higher solubility than its human counterpart, and applied a selective 15N-labeling method targeting its tryptophan and histidine residues. Spectral assignments were made based on site-directed mutagenesis of the individual residues. By inspecting the spectral changes that were observed upon interaction with a trimeric collagen peptide and the mutational data, we successfully mapped the collagen-binding site in the B/C β-barrel domain and a nearby loop in a 3D-homology model based upon a serpin fold. This conclusion was confirmed by mutational analysis. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the design of compounds that target the interaction between Hsp47 and procollagen as therapeutics for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Yagi-Utsumi
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sumi Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Chemical Biology Department, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Kurimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ishida
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Homma
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Hoseki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nishikawa
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Koide
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lui JC, Nilsson O, Chan Y, Palmer CD, Andrade AC, Hirschhorn JN, Baron J. Synthesizing genome-wide association studies and expression microarray reveals novel genes that act in the human growth plate to modulate height. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:5193-201. [PMID: 22914739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies has identified 180 loci that influence adult height. However, each GWA locus typically comprises a set of contiguous genes, only one of which presumably modulates height. We reasoned that many of the causative genes within these loci influence height because they are expressed in and function in the growth plate, a cartilaginous structure that causes bone elongation and thus determines stature. Therefore, we used expression microarray studies of mouse and rat growth plate, human disease databases and a mouse knockout phenotype database to identify genes within the GWAS loci that are likely required for normal growth plate function. Each of these approaches identified significantly more genes within the GWA height loci than at random genomic locations (P < 0.0001 each), supporting the validity of the approach. The combined analysis strongly implicates 78 genes in growth plate function, including multiple genes that participate in PTHrP-IHH, BMP and CNP signaling, and many genes that have not previously been implicated in the growth plate. Thus, this analysis reveals a large number of novel genes that regulate human growth plate chondrogenesis and thereby contribute to the normal variations in human adult height. The analytic approach developed for this study may be applied to GWA studies for other common polygenic traits and diseases, thus providing a new general strategy to identify causative genes within GWA loci and to translate genetic associations into mechanistic biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kuo DS, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB. COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations and disease: insights into pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:R97-110. [PMID: 22914737 PMCID: PMC3459649 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimers composed of collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) constitute one of the most abundant components of nearly all basement membranes. Accordingly, mutations in COL4A1 or COL4A2 are pleiotropic and contribute to a broad spectrum of disorders, including myopathy, glaucoma and hemorrhagic stroke. Here, we summarize the contributions of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in human disease, integrate knowledge gained from model organisms and evaluate the implications for pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie S Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Chung E, Rylander MN. Response of preosteoblasts to thermal stress conditioning and osteoinductive growth factors. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:203-14. [PMID: 22116637 PMCID: PMC3273562 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditioning protocols involving mechanical stress independently or with chemical cues such as growth factors (GFs) possess significant potential to enhance bone regeneration. However, utilization of thermal stress conditioning alone or with GFs for bone therapy has been under-investigated. In this study, a preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) was exposed to treatment with water bath heating (44°C, 4 and 8 min) and osteoinductive GFs (bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β1) individually or in combination to investigate whether these stimuli could promote induction of bone-related markers, an angiogenic factor, and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Cells remained viable when heating durations were less than 20 min at 40ºC, 16 min at 42ºC, and 10 min at 44ºC. Increasing heating duration at 44°C, promoted gene expression of HSPs, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) at 8 h post-heating (PH). Heating in combination with GFs caused the greatest gene induction of osteoprotegerin (OPG; 6.9- and 1.6-fold induction compared to sham-treated and GF only treated groups, respectively) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 16.0- and 1.6-fold compared to sham and GF-only treated groups, respectively) at 8 h PH. Both heating and GFs independently suppressed the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene. GF treatment caused a more significant decrease in MMP-9 protein secretion to non-detectable levels compared to heating alone at 72 h PH. Secretion of OCN, OPN, and OPG increased with the addition of GFs but diminished with heating as measured by ELISA at 72 h PH. These results suggest that conditioning protocols utilizing heating and GFs individually or in combination can induce HSPs, bone-related proteins, and VEGF while also causing downregulation of osteoclastic activity, potentially providing a promising bone therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunna Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, ICTAS Bldg., Stanger Street (MC 0298), Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
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Qiu R, Croom J, Ali RA, Ballou AL, Smith CD, Ashwell CM, Hassan HM, Chiang CC, Koci MD. Direct fed microbial supplementation repartitions host energy to the immune system. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2639-51. [PMID: 22367073 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct fed microbials and probiotics are used to promote health in livestock and poultry; however, their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. We previously reported that direct fed microbial supplementation in young broilers reduced ileal respiration without changing whole-body energy expenditure. The current studies were conducted to further investigate the effects of a direct fed microbial on energy metabolism in different tissues of broilers. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old broiler chicks (16 chicks/pen) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary groups: standard control starter diet (CSD) and CSD plus direct fed microbial (DFMD; 0.3%) with 6 pens/treatment. Body weight, feed consumption, whole-body energy expenditure, organ mass, tissue respiration rates, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) ATP concentrations were measured to estimate changes in energy metabolism. No differences in whole body energy expenditure or BW gain were observed; however, decreased ileal O(2) respiration (P < 0.05) was measured in DFMD fed broilers. In contrast, the respiration rate of the thymus in those broilers was increased (P < 0.05). The PBMC from DFMD fed broilers had increased ATP concentrations and exhibited increased ATP turnover (P < 0.01). To determine if the increased energy consumption by PBMC corresponded with an altered immune response, broilers were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and assayed for differences in their humoral response. The DFMD-fed broilers had a faster rate of antigen specific IgG production (P < 0.05) and an increase in total IgA (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that supplementation with the direct fed microbial used in this study resulted in energy re-partitioning to the immune system and an increase in antibody production independent of changes in whole body metabolism or growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Qiu
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608, USA
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Lim W, Kim JH, Ahn SE, Jeong W, Kim J, Bazer FW, Han JY, Song G. Avian SERPINB11 gene: a marker for ovarian endometrioid cancer in chickens. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:150-9. [PMID: 22289513 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As serine and cysteine proteinase inhibitors, serpins, such as SERPINB5, cause ovarian, colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We identified SERPINB11 as a novel estrogen-induced gene in chickens during oviduct development. The chicken is a unique animal model for research on human ovarian cancer, because it spontaneously develops epithelial cell-derived ovarian cancer as in women. Therefore, this study investigated the expression pattern, CpG methylation status, and miRNA regulation of the SERPINB11 gene in normal and cancerous ovaries from chickens. Our results indicate that SERPINB11 is most abundant in the glandular epithelium of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of cancerous, but not normal, ovaries of hens. In addition, bisulfite sequencing revealed that about 30% of -110 CpG sites are methylated in ovarian cancer cells, whereas -110 CpG sites are demethylated in normal ovarian cells. Next, we determined whether miR-1582 influences SERPINB11 expression via its 3'UTR and found that it does not directly target the 3'UTR of SERPINB11 mRNA. Therefore, it is unlikely that post-transcriptional regulation influences SERPINB11 expression in the chicken ovary. On the other hand, in human ovarian cancer cells such as OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and PA-1 cells, immunoreactive SERPINB11 protein was predominant in the cytoplasm and had a similar expression pattern to that in chicken ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that SERPINB11 is a biomarker for chicken ovarian endometrioid carcinoma that could be used for diagnosis and monitoring effects of therapies for the disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Rupik W, Jasik K, Bembenek J, Widłak W. The expression patterns of heat shock genes and proteins and their role during vertebrate's development. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 159:349-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nair M, Belak ZR, Ovsenek N. Effects of fluoride on expression of bone-specific genes in developing Xenopus laevis larvae. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 89:377-86. [PMID: 21790307 DOI: 10.1139/o11-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of fluoride treatment on the expression of a panel of osteogenic and stress markers in Stage 55 premetamorphic Xenopus larvae was examined at the precise onset of replacement of the larval cartilaginous skeleton with bone. A dosing regimen of 10 mmol/L sodium fluoride over 8 days was followed, during which time larvae developed to Stage 58, when the process of progressive ossification takes place in the vertebral column and membranous bones of the skull, pelvic, and pectoral girdles and portions of the appendicular skeleton. Markers of bone formation, including COL1A1, the transcription factors Osterix, RUNX2-II, and matrix metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP13, decreased relative to age-matched controls, though the osteoblast marker BGLAP was not significantly altered. Expression of the pro-osteoclastogenic factor RANKL decreased, whereas expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic factor osteoprotegerin increased. Altered expression of oxidative stress markers, with the exception of superoxide dismutase, was generally not observed. These data demonstrate the potent effects of fluoride on the expression of factors required for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, as well as on the expression of osteoblast products, including MMP1 and collagen. Importantly, these effects were observed in the absence of significant changes in the expression of oxidative stress markers. The results provide the first molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying skeletal fluorosis in a whole organism developmental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nair
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, Canada
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Szolajska E, Chroboczek J. Faithful chaperones. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3307-22. [PMID: 21655914 PMCID: PMC3181412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the properties of some rare eukaryotic chaperones that each assist in the folding of only one target protein. In particular, we describe (1) the tubulin cofactors, (2) p47, which assists in the folding of collagen, (3) α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP), (4) the adenovirus L4-100 K protein, which is a chaperone of the major structural viral protein, hexon, and (5) HYPK, the huntingtin-interacting protein. These various-sized proteins (102–1,190 amino acids long) are all involved in the folding of oligomeric polypeptides but are otherwise functionally unique, as they each assist only one particular client. This raises a question regarding the biosynthetic cost of the high-level production of such chaperones. As the clients of faithful chaperones are all abundant proteins that are essential cellular or viral components, it is conceivable that this necessary metabolic expenditure withstood evolutionary pressure to minimize biosynthetic costs. Nevertheless, the complexity of the folding pathways in which these chaperones are involved results in error-prone processes. Several human disorders associated with these chaperones are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szolajska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
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El-Alfy M, Deloche C, Azzi L, Bernard BA, Bernerd F, Coutet J, Chaussade V, Martel C, Leclaire J, Labrie F. Skin responses to topical dehydroepiandrosterone: implications in antiageing treatment? Br J Dermatol 2011; 163:968-76. [PMID: 20698844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is suspected to have a role in skin ageing, little information is available on the mechanisms potentially involved. OBJECTIVES To obtain information on androgen receptor (AR) and procollagen expression in ageing skin during DHEA treatment. METHODS A placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective study was performed with 75 postmenopausal women aged 60-65 years. The women were treated twice daily for 13 weeks with 3·0 mL of placebo or 0·1%, 0·3%, 1% or 2% DHEA cream applied on the face, arms, back of hands, upper chest and right thigh where 2-mm biopsies were collected before and after treatment. RESULTS Although the overall structure of the epidermis was not significantly affected at the light microscopy level, AR expression examined by immunocytochemistry was markedly increased by DHEA treatment. In the dermis, the expression levels of procollagen 1 and 3 mRNA estimated by in situ hybridization were increased by DHEA treatment. In addition, the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a molecule believed to have chaperone-like functions potentially affecting procollagen biosynthesis, was also found by immunocytochemistry evaluation to be increased, especially at the two highest DHEA doses. CONCLUSION These data suggest the possibility that topical DHEA could be used as an efficient and physiological antiageing skin agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Alfy
- Molecular Endocrinology, Oncology and Human Genomics Research Center, Laval University Hospital Research Center (CRCHUL) and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 4G2 QC, Canada
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Polacek M, Bruun JA, Elvenes J, Figenschau Y, Martinez I. The secretory profiles of cultured human articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for autologous cell transplantation strategies. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:1381-93. [PMID: 21176404 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x550215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to compare the phenotype of human articular chondrocytes (ACs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after cell expansion by studying the spectrum of proteins secreted by cells into the culture medium. ACs and MSCs were expanded in monolayer cultures for some weeks, as done in standard cell transplantation procedures. Initially, the expression of cartilage signature genes was compared by real-time PCR. Metabolic labeling of proteins (SILAC) in combination with mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) was applied to investigate differences in released proteins. In addition, multiplex assays were carried out to quantify the amounts of several matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors (TIMPs). Expanded chondrocytes showed a slightly higher expression of cartilage-specific genes than MSCs, whereas the overall spectra of released proteins were very similar for the two cell types. In qualitative terms MSCs seemed to secrete similar number of extracellular matrix proteins (43% vs. 45% of total proteins found) and catabolic agents (9% vs. 10%), and higher number of anabolic agents (12 % vs. 7%) compared to ACs. Some matrix-regulatory agents such as serpins, BMP-1, and galectins were detected only in MSC supernatants. Quantitative analyses of MMPs and TIMPs revealed significantly higher levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-7 in the medium of ACs. Our data show that after the expansion phase, both ACs and MSCs express a dedifferentiated phenotype, resembling each other. ACs hold a phenotype closer to native cartilage at the gene expression level, whereas MSCs show a more anabolic profile by looking at the released proteins pattern. Our data together with the inherent capability of MSCs to maintain their differentiation potential for longer cultivation periods would favor the use of these cells for cartilage reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Polacek
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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