1
|
Bigiotti C, Bianconi E, Ruta L, Grottelli S, Coletti A, Dindo M, Carotti A, Cellini B, Macchiarulo A. Molecular Dynamics-Ensemble Docking and Biophysical Studies for Structure-Based Identification of Non-Amino Acidic Ligands of DDAH-1. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:6866-6879. [PMID: 39177258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) accounts for the catabolism of the endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthases, namely, ADMA (Nω,Nω-dimethyl-l-arginine) and NMMA (Nω-monomethyl-l-arginine). Inhibition of DDAH-1 may prove a therapeutic benefit in diseases associated with elevated nitric oxide (NO) levels by providing a tissue-specific increase of ADMA and NMMA. In this work, we have used molecular dynamics to generate a pool of DDAH-1 conformations in the apo and holo forms. Ensemble docking has been instrumental in screening an in-house fragment-based library of 824 compounds. Resulting virtual hits have been validated for their binding activity to recombinant human DDAH-1 using microscale thermophoresis (MST). As a key result, three non-amino acidic ligands of DDAH-1 (VIS212, VIS268, VIS726) are identified with higher binding efficiency index than ADMA. Amid these compounds, purpurogallin (VIS726) proves a potent ligand of DDAH-1, showing a mixed behavior of enzymatic inhibition in a biochemical assay. This finding widens the panel of known molecular targets of purpurogallin and provides clues into the molecular mechanisms of its cellular NO inhibition activity as well as its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bigiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Ruta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kozlova AA, Rubets E, Vareltzoglou MR, Jarzebska N, Ragavan VN, Chen Y, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Gainetdinov RR, Rodionov RN, Bernhardt N. Knock-out of the critical nitric oxide synthase regulator DDAH1 in mice impacts amphetamine sensitivity and dopamine metabolism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1097-1112. [PMID: 36792833 PMCID: PMC10460711 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of nitric oxide levels by degrading the main endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Growing evidence highlight the potential implication of DDAH/ADMA axis in the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of DDAH1 in behavioral endophenotypes with neuropsychiatric relevance. To achieve this, a global DDAH1 knock-out (DDAH1-ko) mouse strain was employed. Behavioral testing and brain region-specific neurotransmitter profiling have been conducted to assess the effect of both genotype and sex. DDAH1-ko mice exhibited increased exploratory behavior toward novel objects, altered amphetamine response kinetics and decreased dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) level in the piriform cortex and striatum. Females of both genotypes showed the most robust amphetamine response. These results support the potential implication of the DDAH/ADMA pathway in central nervous system processes shaping the behavioral outcome. Yet, further experiments are required to complement the picture and define the specific brain-regions and mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Kozlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Rubets
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalini R Vareltzoglou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinitha N Ragavan
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | | | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rojas-Aguilar FA, Briones-Aranda A, Jaramillo-Morales OA, Romero-Nava R, Esquinca-Avilés HA, Espinosa-Juárez JV. The Additive Antinociceptive Effect of Resveratrol and Ketorolac in the Formalin Test in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1078. [PMID: 37630993 PMCID: PMC10460057 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain represents one of the leading causes of suffering and disability worldwide. Currently available drugs cannot treat all types of pain and may have adverse effects. Hence, the use of pharmacological combinations is an alternative treatment strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the combination of resveratrol and ketorolac through isobolographic analysis. CD1 mice were used to study the antinociceptive effect of this combination using the formalin test and the study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, four individual doses of each drug were evaluated, totaling eight testing groups. From these data, the median effective doses (ED50) of each drug were calculated. In the second phase, four testing groups were used to evaluate the combination of sub-doses of both drugs and obtain the experimental ED50. To evaluate gastric damage, five groups were employed, including indomethacin, vehicle, resveratrol, ketorolac, and combined resveratrol and ketorolac groups. Stomach samples from the mice were taken after 5 h of treatment, and the area of the ulcers was determined. Resveratrol plus ketorolac elicited a reduction in nociceptive behavior during both phases of the formalin test, and isobologram analysis revealed that the theoretical and experimental ED50 values of resveratrol and ketorolac did not differ significantly, implying an additive interaction between the drugs. Additionally, the drug combination did not generate gastric ulcers, thus enhancing the desired effects without increasing the adverse effects. Consequently, these findings substantiate the efficacy of the resveratrol and ketorolac combination in the formalin test, thereby highlighting its potential as a viable alternative for alleviating pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidencio Abner Rojas-Aguilar
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (F.A.R.-A.); (R.R.-N.)
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico;
| | - Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (F.A.R.-A.); (R.R.-N.)
| | | | - Josué Vidal Espinosa-Juárez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Chiapas, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dowsett L, Duluc L, Higgins E, Alghamdi F, Fast W, Salt IP, Leiper J. Asymmetric dimethylarginine positively modulates calcium-sensing receptor signalling to promote lipid accumulation. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110676. [PMID: 37028778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is generated through the irreversible methylation of arginine residues. It is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, currently thought to be due to its ability to act as a competitive inhibitor of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes. Plasma ADMA concentrations increase with obesity and fall following weight loss; however, it is unknown whether they play an active role in adipose pathology. Here, we demonstrate that ADMA drives lipid accumulation through a newly identified NO-independent pathway via the amino-acid sensitive calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). ADMA treatment of 3 T3-L1 and HepG2 cells upregulates a suite of lipogenic genes with an associated increase in triglyceride content. Pharmacological activation of CaSR mimics ADMA while negative modulation of CaSR inhibits ADMA driven lipid accumulation. Further investigation using CaSR overexpressing HEK293 cells demonstrated that ADMA potentiates CaSR signalling via Gq intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation. This study identifies a signalling mechanism for ADMA as an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor CaSR that potentially contributes to the impact of ADMA in cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dowsett
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Lucie Duluc
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Erin Higgins
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fatmah Alghamdi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ian P Salt
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - James Leiper
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fomo KN, Schmelter C, Atta J, Beutgen VM, Schwarz R, Perumal N, Govind G, Speck T, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Synthetic antibody-derived immunopeptide provides neuroprotection in glaucoma through molecular interaction with retinal protein histone H3.1. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:993351. [PMID: 36313990 PMCID: PMC9613933 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.993351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as well as their axons leading to irreversible loss of sight. Medical management of the intraocular pressure (IOP) still represents the gold standard in glaucoma therapy, which only manages a single risk factor and does not directly address the neurodegenerative component of this eye disease. Recently, our group showed that antibody-derived immunopeptides (encoding complementarity-determining regions, CDRs) provide attractive glaucoma medication candidates and directly interfere its pathogenic mechanisms by different modes of action. In accordance with these findings, the present study showed the synthetic complementary-determining region 2 (CDR2) peptide (INSDGSSTSYADSVK) significantly increased RGC viability in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05 using a CDR2 concentration of 50 μg/mL). Employing state-of the-art immunoprecipitation experiments, we confirmed that synthetic CDR2 exhibited a high affinity toward the retinal target protein histone H3.1 (HIST1H3A) (p < 0.001 and log2-fold change > 3). Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations along with virtual docking analyses predicted potential CDR2-specific binding regions of HIST1H3A, which might represent essential post-translational modification (PTM) sites for epigenetic regulations. Quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of retinas demonstrated 39 proteins significantly affected by CDR2 treatment (p < 0.05). An up-regulation of proteins involved in the energy production (e.g., ATP5F1B and MT-CO2) as well as the regulatory ubiquitin proteasome system (e.g., PSMC5) was induced by the synthetic CDR2 peptide. On the other hand, CDR2 reduced metabolic key enzymes (e.g., DDAH1 and MAOB) as well as ER stress-related proteins (e.g., SEC22B and VCP) and these data were partially confirmed by microarray technology. Our outcome measurements indicate that specific protein-peptide interactions influence the regulatory epigenetic function of HIST1H3A promoting the neuroprotective mechanism on RGCs in vitro. In addition to IOP management, such synthetic peptides as CDR2 might serve as a synergistic immunotherapy for glaucoma in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Nzogang Fomo
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmelter
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua Atta
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa M. Beutgen
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schwarz
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gokul Govind
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany,*Correspondence: Franz H. Grus,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doman AJ, Tommasi S, Perkins MV, McKinnon RA, Mangoni AA, Nair PC. Chemical similarities and differences among inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, arginase and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1: implications for the design of novel enzyme inhibitors modulating the nitric oxide pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
7
|
Johnson CM, Fast W. On the kinetic mechanism of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 66:116816. [PMID: 35598478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH, EC 3.5.3.18) catalyzes the hydrolysis of asymmetric Nω,Nω-dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of human nitric oxide synthases. The active-site cysteine residue has been proposed to serve as the catalytic nucleophile, forming an S-alkylthiourea reaction intermediate, and serving as a target for covalent inhibitors. Inhibition can lead to ADMA accumulation and downstream inhibition of nitric oxide production. Prior studies have provided experimental evidence for formation of this covalent adduct but have not characterized it kinetically. Here, rapid quench-flow is used with ADMA and the DDAH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine the rate constants for formation (k2 = 17 ± 2 s-1) and decay (k3 = 1.5 ± 0.1 s-1) of the covalent S-alkylthiourea adduct. A minimal kinetic mechanism for DDAH is proposed that supports the kinetic competence of this species as a covalent reaction intermediate and assigns the rate-limiting step in substrate turnover as hydrolysis of this intermediate. This work helps elucidate the different reactivities of S-alkylthiourea intermediates found among the mechanistically diverse pentein superfamily of guanidine-modifying enzymes and provides information useful for inhibitor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Johnson
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Howard College of Arts and Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
| | - Walter Fast
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang K, Chen S, Wang Y, Chen F, Cui M, Dong Q. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Protects Neurons from Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Insult by Modulating Connexin-36 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5339361. [PMID: 35847590 PMCID: PMC9279069 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5339361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. ADMA is thought to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) by neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The gap junction protein Connexin-36 (cx-36) is involved in the pathophysiology of stroke. We investigated whether ADMA could protect neurons from OGD insults by regulating the expression of cx-36. Methods Cultured rat cortical neuronal cells were used. Neurons were treated with OGD with or without ADMA pretreatment. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate was used to assess neuronal injury. Intracellular NO levels were determined using 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. Western blotting was performed to detect cx-36 expression. Results The LDH release rate increased in the supernatant of neurons after the OGD insult, whereas ADMA treatment reduced the LDH release rate. Intracellular NO levels increased following OGD treatment, and this increase was not inhibited by ADMA treatment. Expression of cx-36 was upregulated in neurons under OGD conditions, and treatment with ADMA downregulated the expression of cx-36. Conclusions ADMA protects neurons from OGD insult, and cx-36 downregulation may be a possible pathway involved in ADMA-mediated neuronal protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fangzhe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Şengül V, Güney Z, Kurgan Ş, Önder C, Serdar MA, Günhan M. Evaluation of salivary and serum methylated arginine metabolites and nitric oxide synthase in advanced periodontitis patients. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5061-5070. [PMID: 35426000 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methylated arginine metabolites and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) play a critical role in regulating endothelial function. The aim of this study was to determine levels of NOS, and methylated arginine metabolites (ADMA, SDMA, homoarginine, arginine, and L-NMMA) and IL-6 in serum and saliva in patients with advanced periodontal diseases and identify their association with clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of two groups: healthy individuals (control: n = 24), and generalized Stage III Grade B periodontitis (P: n = 21). Clinical periodontal parameters (probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level) were recorded. IL 6 and NOS levels in saliva and serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ADMA, SDMA, homoArg, arginine, and L-NMMA in saliva and serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS). RESULTS Clinical parameters were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001). In periodontitis group, NOS, ADMA, and arginine levels in saliva were statistically significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of SDMA were statistically significantly lower, and IL-6 was statistically significantly higher in P group than C group (p < 0.05). ADMA, NOS, and arginine levels were significantly positive correlated with all clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there is a relationship between severity of periodontal disease and endothelial dysfunction by means of ADMA. Salivary ADMA may be related with periodontal inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE ADMA levels in periodontal inflammation are associated with endothelial dysfunction. According to the results of our study, periodontal inflammation is effective on both local and systemic methylated arginine metabolites and nitric oxide synthase levels. This may shed light on the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Şengül
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500-Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Güney
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Şivge Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500-Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Canan Önder
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500-Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Günhan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, 06500-Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Mahdy MA, Ewees MG, Eid MS, Mahgoup EM, Khaleel SA, Zweier JL. Electronic Cigarette Exposure Causes Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Due to NADPH Oxidase Activation and eNOS Uncoupling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H549-H567. [PMID: 35089811 PMCID: PMC8917923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00460.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a mouse model of chronic electronic cigarette (e-cig) exposure-induced cardiovascular pathology, where long-term exposure to e-cig vape (ECV) induces cardiac abnormalities, impairment of endothelial function, and systemic hypertension. Here, we delineate the underlying mechanisms of ECV-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED), a central trigger of cardiovascular disease. C57/BL6 male mice were exposed to ECV generated from e-cig liquid containing 0, 6, or 24 mg/ml nicotine for 16 and 60 weeks. Time-dependent elevation in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance were observed, along with an impairment of acetylcholine-induced aortic relaxation in ECV-exposed mice, compared to air-exposed control. Decreased intravascular nitric oxide (NO) levels and increased superoxide generation with elevated 3-nitrotyrosine levels in the aorta of ECV-exposed mice were observed, indicating that ECV-induced superoxide reacts with NO to generate cytotoxic peroxynitrite. Exposure increased NADPH oxidase expression, supporting its role in ECV-induced superoxide generation. Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and Akt-dependent eNOS phosphorylation occurred in the aorta of ECV-exposed mice, indicating that exposure inhibited de novo NO synthesis. Following ECV exposure, the critical NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin was decreased, with a concomitant loss of its salvage enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase. NADPH oxidase and NOS inhibitors abrogated ECV-induced superoxide generation in the aorta of ECV exposed mice. Together, our data demonstrate that ECV exposure activates NADPH oxidase and uncouples eNOS, causing a vicious cycle of superoxide generation and vascular oxidant stress that triggers VED and hypertension with predisposition to other cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mahmoud S Eid
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sahar A Khaleel
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asymmetric dimethylarginine and l-homoarginine prospectively relate to carotid wall thickness in a South African cohort. Amino Acids 2020; 52:965-973. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Hulin JA, Gubareva EA, Jarzebska N, Rodionov RN, Mangoni AA, Tommasi S. Inhibition of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) Enzymes as an Emerging Therapeutic Strategy to Target Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1455. [PMID: 31993367 PMCID: PMC6962312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The small free radical gas nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in various physiological and pathological processes through enhancement of endothelial cell survival and proliferation. In particular, NO has emerged as a molecule of interest in carcinogenesis and tumor progression due to its crucial role in various cancer-related events including cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) family of enzymes metabolize the endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), and are thus key for maintaining homeostatic control of NO. Dysregulation of the DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway resulting in increased local NO availability often promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry. Recent literature has demonstrated increased DDAH expression in tumors of different origins and has also suggested a potential ADMA-independent role for DDAH enzymes in addition to their well-studied ADMA-mediated influence on NO. Inhibition of DDAH expression and/or activity in cell culture models and in vivo studies has indicated the potential therapeutic benefit of this pathway through inhibition of both angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and strategies for manipulating DDAH function in cancer are currently being actively pursued by several research groups. This review will thus provide a timely discussion on the expression, regulation, and function of DDAH enzymes in regard to angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and will offer insight into the therapeutic potential of DDAH inhibition in cancer based on preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Ann Hulin
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ekaterina A Gubareva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. The Biological Axis of Protein Arginine Methylation and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133322. [PMID: 31284549 PMCID: PMC6651691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotic cells play important roles in the regulation of functionalities of the proteome and in the tempo-spatial control of cellular processes. Most PTMs enact their regulatory functions by affecting the biochemical properties of substrate proteins such as altering structural conformation, protein-protein interaction, and protein-nucleic acid interaction. Amid various PTMs, arginine methylation is widespread in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to humans. Arginine methylation in many situations can drastically or subtly affect the interactions of substrate proteins with their partnering proteins or nucleic acids, thus impacting major cellular programs. Recently, arginine methylation has become an important regulator of the formation of membrane-less organelles inside cells, a phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), through altering π-cation interactions. Another unique feature of arginine methylation lies in its impact on cellular physiology through its downstream amino acid product, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Accumulation of ADMA in cells and in the circulating bloodstream is connected with endothelial dysfunction and a variety of syndromes of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge and understanding of protein arginine methylation in regards to its canonical function in direct protein regulation, as well as the biological axis of protein arginine methylation and ADMA biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Z, Tang J, Di R, Liu Q, Wang X, Gan S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hu W, Chu M. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Key Sheep (Ovis aries) Hypothalamus LncRNAs that Affect Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E152. [PMID: 30965601 PMCID: PMC6523726 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which execute their functions mainly through modulating the activities of their target genes, have been have been widely studied for many years (including a number of studies involving lncRNAs in the ovary and uterus). Herein, for the first time, we detect lncRNAs in sheep hypothalami with FecB++ through RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and identify a number of known and novel lncRNAs, with 622 and 809 found to be differentially expressed in polytocous sheep in the follicular phase (PF) vs. monotocous sheep in the follicular phase (MF) and polytocous sheep in the luteal phase (PL) vs. monotocous sheep in the luteal phase (ML), respectively. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed based on the predicted target genes. The most highly enriched GO terms (at the molecular function level) included carbonyl reductase (NADPH), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+), and prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase activity in PF vs. MF, and phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding in PL vs. ML was associated with sheep fecundity. Interestingly, the phenomena of valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation in PL vs. ML, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis in PF vs. MF, were present. In addition, the interactome of lncRNA and its targets showed that MSTRG.26777 and its cis-targets ENSOARG00000013744, ENSOARG00000013700, and ENSOARG00000013777, and MSTRG.105228 and its target WNT7A may participate in the sheep reproductive process at the hypothalamus level. Significantly, MSTRG.95128 and its cis-target Forkhead box L1 (FOXG1) were shown to be upregulated in PF vs. MF but downregulated in PL vs. ML. All of these results may be attributed to discoveries of new candidate genes and pathways related to sheep reproduction, and they may provide new views for understanding sheep reproduction without the effects of the FecB mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jishun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shangquan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Underwood CF, Hildreth CM, Wyse BF, Boyd R, Goodchild AK, Phillips JK. Uraemia: an unrecognized driver of central neurohumoral dysfunction in chronic kidney disease? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:305-323. [PMID: 27247097 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a large cardiovascular burden in part due to hypertension and neurohumoral dysfunction - manifesting as sympathetic overactivity, baroreflex dysfunction and chronically elevated circulating vasopressin. Alterations within the central nervous system (CNS) are necessary for the expression of neurohumoral dysfunction in CKD; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Uraemic toxins are a diverse group of compounds that accumulate as a direct result of renal disease and drive dysfunction in multiple organs, including the brain. Intensive haemodialysis improves both sympathetic overactivity and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in renal failure patients, indicating that uraemic toxins participate in the maintenance of autonomic dysfunction in CKD. In rodents exposed to uraemia, immediate early gene expression analysis suggests upregulated activity of not only pre-sympathetic but also vasopressin-secretory nuclei. We outline several potential mechanisms by which uraemia might drive neurohumoral dysfunction in CKD. These include superoxide-dependent effects on neural activity, depletion of nitric oxide and induction of low-grade systemic inflammation. Recent evidence has highlighted superoxide production as an intermediate for the depolarizing effect of some uraemic toxins on neuronal cells. We provide preliminary data indicating augmented superoxide production within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the Lewis polycystic kidney rat, which might be important for mediating the neurohumoral dysfunction exhibited in this CKD model. We speculate that the uraemic state might serve to sensitize the central actions of other sympathoexcitatory factors, including renal afferent nerve inputs to the CNS and angiotensin II, by way of recruiting convergent superoxide-dependent and pro-inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Underwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C. M. Hildreth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - B. F. Wyse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - R. Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. K. Goodchild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - J. K. Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patin F, Corcia P, Vourc’h P, Nadal-Desbarats L, Baranek T, Goossens JF, Marouillat S, Dessein AF, Descat A, Madji Hounoum B, Bruno C, Leman S, Andres CR, Blasco H. Omics to Explore Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Evolution: the Central Role of Arginine and Proline Metabolism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5361-5374. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Inhibition of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 attenuates pain-related behavior and hyperexcitability in pain conditions associated with excessive nitric oxide production, representing a novel therapeutic target. Activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and consequent production of nitric oxide (NO), contributes to spinal hyperexcitability and enhanced pain sensation. All NOS isoforms are inhibited endogenously by asymmetric dimethylarginine, which itself is metabolised by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Inhibition of DDAH can indirectly attenuate NO production by elevating asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations. Here, we show that the DDAH-1 isoform is constitutively active in the nervous system, specifically in the spinal dorsal horn. DDAH-1 was found to be expressed in sensory neurons within both the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn; L-291 (NG–[2-Methoxyethyl]-l-arginine methyl ester), a DDAH-1 inhibitor, reduced NO synthesis in cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons. Spinal application of L-291 decreased N-methyl-d-aspartate–dependent postdischarge and windup of dorsal horn sensory neurons—2 measures of spinal hyperexcitability. Finally, spinal application of L-291 reduced both neuronal and behavioral measures of formalin-induced central sensitization. Thus, DDAH-1 may be a potential therapeutic target in neuronal disorders, such as chronic pain, where elevated NO is a contributing factor.
Collapse
|
18
|
Inhibitors of the Hydrolytic Enzyme Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): Discovery, Synthesis and Development. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050615. [PMID: 27187323 PMCID: PMC6273216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is a highly conserved hydrolytic enzyme found in numerous species, including bacteria, rodents, and humans. In humans, the DDAH-1 isoform is known to metabolize endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl arginine (l-NMMA), with ADMA proposed to be a putative marker of cardiovascular disease. Current literature reports identify the DDAH family of enzymes as a potential therapeutic target in the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) production, mediated via its biochemical interaction with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family of enzymes. Increased DDAH expression and NO production have been linked to multiple pathological conditions, specifically, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and septic shock. As such, the discovery, chemical synthesis, and development of DDAH inhibitors as potential drug candidates represent a growing field of interest. This review article summarizes the current knowledge on DDAH inhibition and the derived pharmacokinetic parameters of the main DDAH inhibitors reported in the literature. Furthermore, current methods of development and chemical synthetic pathways are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lambden S, Kelly P, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Wang Z, Lee B, Nandi M, Torondel B, Delahaye M, Dowsett L, Piper S, Tomlinson J, Caplin B, Colman L, Boruc O, Slaviero A, Zhao L, Oliver E, Khadayate S, Singer M, Arrigoni F, Leiper J. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 regulates nitric oxide synthesis and hemodynamics and determines outcome in polymicrobial sepsis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1382-92. [PMID: 25857313 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide is a key to numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Nitric oxide production is regulated endogenously by 2 methylarginines, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl-L-arginine. The enzyme that specifically metabolizes asymmetric dimethylarginine and monomethyl-L-arginine is dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). The first isoform dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 has previously been shown to be an important regulator of methylarginines in both health and disease. This study explores for the first time the role of endogenous dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 in regulating cardiovascular physiology and also determines the functional impact of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 deletion on outcome and immune function in sepsis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice, globally deficient in Ddah2, were compared with their wild-type littermates to determine the physiological role of Ddah2 using in vivo and ex vivo assessments of vascular function. We show that global knockout of Ddah2 results in elevated blood pressure during periods of activity (mean [SEM], 118.5 [1.3] versus 112.7 [1.1] mm Hg; P=0.025) and changes in vascular responsiveness mediated by changes in methylarginine concentration, mean myocardial tissue asymmetric dimethylarginine (SEM) was 0.89 (0.06) versus 0.67 (0.05) μmol/L (P=0.02) and systemic nitric oxide concentrations. In a model of severe polymicrobial sepsis, Ddah2 knockout affects outcome (120-hour survival was 12% in Ddah2 knockouts versus 53% in wild-type animals; P<0.001). Monocyte-specific deletion of Ddah2 results in a similar pattern of increased severity to that seen in globally deficient animals. CONCLUSIONS Ddah2 has a regulatory role both in normal physiology and in determining outcome of severe polymicrobial sepsis. Elucidation of this role identifies a mechanism for the observed relationship between Ddah2 polymorphisms, cardiovascular disease, and outcome in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lambden
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Peter Kelly
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Benjamin Lee
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Manasi Nandi
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Belen Torondel
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Matthew Delahaye
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Laura Dowsett
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Sophie Piper
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - James Tomlinson
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Ben Caplin
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Lucy Colman
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Olga Boruc
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Anna Slaviero
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Lan Zhao
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Mervyn Singer
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Arrigoni
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.)
| | - James Leiper
- From the Nitric Oxide Signalling Group (S.L., P.K., Z.W., B.L., B.T., M.D., L.D., S.P., J.T., B.C., L.C., O.B., A.S., J.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (S.K.), Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute (B.A.-S.) and Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics (L.Z., E.O.), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (M.N.); Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.S.); and School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Surrey, United Kingdom (F.A.).
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo Y, Yue W, Quan X, Wang Y, Zhao B, Lu Z. Asymmetric dimethylarginine exacerbates Aβ-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in human cell and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:117-26. [PMID: 25499850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a strong association between cardiovascular risk factors and incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, has been identified as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and is also increased in plasma of patients with AD. However, whether ADMA is involved in the pathogenesis of AD is unknown. In this study, we found that ADMA content was increased in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans β-amyloid (Aβ) overexpression model, strain CL2006, and in human SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the Swedish mutant form of human Aβ precursor protein (APPsw). Moreover, ADMA treatment exacerbated Aβ-induced paralysis and oxidative stress in CL2006 worms and further elevated oxidative stress and Aβ secretion in APPsw cells. Knockdown of type 1 protein arginine N-methyltransferase to reduce ADMA production failed to show a protective effect against Aβ toxicity, but resulted in more paralysis in CL2006 worms as well as increased oxidative stress and Aβ secretion in APPsw cells. However, overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) to promote ADMA degradation significantly attenuated oxidative stress and Aβ secretion in APPsw cells. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that elevated ADMA contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Our findings suggest that strategies to increase DDAH1 activity in neuronal cells may be a novel approach to attenuating AD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Luo
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Quan
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Plasma arginine/ADMA ratio as a sensitive risk marker for atherosclerosis: Shimane CoHRE study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 239:61-6. [PMID: 25576847 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which acts an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Arginine (Arg) may regulate vascular endothelial function, since Arg is the substrate of NO competing with ADMA. In our previous study, low Arg/ADMA ratio is an independent risk for microangiopathy-related cerebral damage. PURPOSE Here, we performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between the Arg/ADMA ratio and the maximal intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid artery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants were 785 community-dwelling Japanese people without any severe disorders. Plasma concentration of Arg and ADMA in fasting blood sample was determined using HPLC. IMT was measured in the bilateral carotid artery by ultrasonography. RESULTS Among quartiles stratified by the Arg/ADMA ratio, ANOVA showed a significant difference in IMT and the IMT in Q1 (the lowest quartile) was significantly higher than that in Q4 (the highest quartile). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, the male gender, lower BMI, the presence of hypertension and lower Arg/ADMA ratio were independently correlated with IMT, while IMT was not correlated with Arg or ADMA alone. In addition, the Arg/ADMA ratio was associated with IMT independent of age, sex, BMI and the presence of hypertension with odds ratio 0.21 (95%CI: 0.05-0.88) in multiple logistic regression analysis for IMT 1.5 mm or more. CONCLUSION Imbalance of Arg and ADMA is independently involved in the progression of atherosclerosis, and the Arg/ADMA ratio may be a sensitive marker for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Forteschi M, Sotgia S, Pintus G, Zinellu A, Carru C. Simultaneous determination of citrulline and arginine in human blood plasma by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet absorption detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2418-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Forteschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Sassari; Italy
- Quality Control Unit; Hospital University of Sassari (AOU); Sassari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Raptis V, Kapoulas S, Grekas D. Role of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in the progression of renal disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2013; 18:11-21. [PMID: 23016674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring amino acid found in tissues and cells that circulates in plasma and is excreted in urine. It inhibits nitric oxide synthases (NOs) and produces considerable cardiovascular biological effects. Several studies have suggested that plasma concentrations of ADMA provide a marker of risk for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In animal and in population studies ADMA has been associated with progression of CKD. Several mechanisms may be involved in this association, such as compromise of the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and development of renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the existing literature on the biology and physiology of ADMA focusing on its role in the progression of renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Raptis
- Renal Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen S, Li N, Deb-Chatterji M, Dong Q, Kielstein JT, Weissenborn K, Worthmann H. Asymmetric dimethyarginine as marker and mediator in ischemic stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15983-6004. [PMID: 23443106 PMCID: PMC3546674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, is known as mediator of endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Circulating ADMA levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, age and smoking. Accordingly, clinical studies found evidence that increased ADMA levels are associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular events. After the acute event of ischemic stroke, levels of ADMA and its analog symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are elevated through augmentation of protein methylation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, cleavage of ADMA through dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) is reduced. This increase of dimethylarginines might be predictive for adverse clinical outcome. However, the definite role of ADMA after acute ischemic stroke still needs to be clarified. On the one hand, ADMA might contribute to brain injury by reduction of cerebral blood flow. On the other hand, ADMA might be involved in NOS-induced oxidative stress and excitotoxic neuronal death. In the present review, we highlight the current knowledge from clinical and experimental studies on ADMA and its role for stroke risk and ischemic brain injury in the hyperacute stage after stroke. Finally, further studies are warranted to unravel the relevance of the close association of dimethylarginines with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Na Li
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10050, China
| | - Milani Deb-Chatterji
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jan T. Kielstein
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Karin Weissenborn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Worthmann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; E-Mails: (S.C.); (N.L.); (M.D.-C.); (K.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3580; Fax: +49-511-532-3115
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Víteček J, Lojek A, Valacchi G, Kubala L. Arginine-based inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase: therapeutic potential and challenges. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:318087. [PMID: 22988346 PMCID: PMC3441039 DOI: 10.1155/2012/318087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, nitric oxide has been well established as an important bioactive molecule implicated in regulation of cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Therefore, it is not surprising that much effort has been made to find specific inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), the enzymes responsible for production of nitric oxide. Among the many NOS inhibitors developed to date, inhibitors based on derivatives and analogues of arginine are of special interest, as this category includes a relatively high number of compounds with good potential for experimental as well as clinical application. Though this group of inhibitors covers early nonspecific compounds, modern drug design strategies such as biochemical screening and computer-aided drug design have provided NOS-isoform-specific inhibitors. With an emphasis on major advances in this field, a comprehensive list of inhibitors based on their structural characteristics is discussed in this paper. We provide a summary of their biochemical properties as well as their observed effects both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we focus in particular on their pharmacology and use in recent clinical studies. The potential of newly designed specific NOS inhibitors developed by means of modern drug development strategies is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Víteček
- International Clinical Research Center-Center of Biomolecular and Cell Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Lojek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- International Clinical Research Center-Center of Biomolecular and Cell Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li N, Worthmann H, Deb M, Chen S, Weissenborn K. Nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): their pathophysiological role and involvement in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurol Res 2012; 33:541-8. [PMID: 21669125 DOI: 10.1179/016164111x13007856084403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) has a variety of functions in physiological systems, particularly in the vasculature and the central nervous system. Currently, the imbalance of the pathway involving nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (NO-NOS-ADMA) is increasingly discussed in connection with endothelial dysfunction. Knowledge about the role of this pathway in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which represents the most devastating stroke subtype, is increasing but still sparse. This article aims to review the current knowledge about the role and metabolism of NO and ADMA. It will also address the role of the NO-NOS-ADMA pathway in ICH and delineate some questions that should be addressed by future studies. METHODS A literature search regarding the data about NO, NOS, and ADMA and its role in ICH was conducted in PubMed. RESULTS Experimental data from cell culture and animal models indicate that, after the occurrence of ICH, neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases (nNOS and iNOS) are both overexpressed and uncoupled through the induction of blood compound metabolites, including thrombin and inflammatory mediators. ADMA, the most potent endogenous inhibitor of NOS, is also overproduced following dysregulation of its metabolizing enzymes. Dysfunction of the NO-NOS-ADMA pathway results in cell death, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and brain edema via different pathological mechanisms. However, the available data from clinical studies are still rare and partially contradictory. CONCLUSION Experimental data suggest an important role for the NO-NOS-ADMA pathway for secondary injury after ICH. Since the literature shows contradictory results, further studies are needed to address current confusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rocha MS, Teerlink T, Janssen MCH, Kluijtmans LAJ, Smulders Y, Jakobs C, Tavares de Almeida I, Rivera I, Castro R, Blom HJ. Asymmetric dimethylarginine in adults with cystathionine β-synthase deficiency. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:509-11. [PMID: 22484094 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction due to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide is a consistent finding. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Increased levels of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) have been associated with HHcy, and may contribute, at least in part, for the homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction, but whether cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency is associated with increased ADMA has hardly been investigated. To address this question, we measured total homocysteine (tHcy), ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in plasma of 22 adult CBS deficient patients, using established HPLC techniques. Results showed that in CBS deficient patients with elevated levels of tHcy (median (total range): 33 (14-237) μmol/L), both ADMA and SDMA levels were normal. Moreover, tHcy and ADMA concentrations were not correlated (r(s)=0.017, p=0.94). Our results favor the hypothesis that the negative vascular effects of HHcy have an ADMA-independent etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Rocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICAR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Predmore BL, Julian D, Cardounel AJ. Hydrogen sulfide increases nitric oxide production from endothelial cells by an akt-dependent mechanism. Front Physiol 2011; 2:104. [PMID: 22194727 PMCID: PMC3242361 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are both gasotransmitters that can elicit synergistic vasodilatory responses in the in the cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms behind this synergy are unclear. In the current study we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which H2S regulates endothelial NO production. Initial studies were performed to establish the temporal and dose-dependent effects of H2S on NO generation using EPR spin trapping techniques. H2S stimulated a twofold increase in NO production from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which was maximal 30 min after exposure to 25–150 μM H2S. Following 30 min H2S exposure, eNOS phosphorylation at Ser 1177 was significantly increased compared to control, consistent with eNOS activation. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt, the kinase responsible for Ser 1177 phosphorylation, attenuated the stimulatory effect of H2S on NO production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that H2S up-regulates NO production from eNOS through an Akt-dependent mechanism. These results implicate H2S in the regulation of NO production in endothelial cells, and suggest that deficiencies in H2S signaling can directly impact processes regulated by NO.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kielstein JT, Suntharalingam M, Perthel R, Rong S, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Jäger K, Bode-Böger SM, Nave H. Asymmetric dimethylarginine may mediate increased heat pain threshold in experimental chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:899-902. [PMID: 22131232 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal sensitivity in uraemia is decreased. Non-selective synthetic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors significantly attenuate thermal hyperalgesia in preclinical models. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of experimental uraemia, which is associated with an increase of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), on thermal sensitivity in rats. Furthermore, we intended to study the effect of chronic ADMA infusion alone on thermal sensitivity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 54), 10 weeks old, weight 370-430 g, were randomly assigned to three groups receiving either (i) isotonic saline or (ii) ADMA via osmotic mini pumps or (iii) underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). After 14 days, 50% of all animals from all groups underwent thermal sensitivity testing and terminal blood draw. After 28 days, the remaining animals underwent the same procedures. Thermal sensitivity examination was performed by the hot-plate test, measuring time from heat exposition to first paw licking or jumping of the animal. RESULTS While the median [interquartile range] latency time between heat exposition to first paw licking or jumping of the animal in the NaCl infusion group remained unchanged between Day 14 (8.4 [6.75-11.50] s) and Day 28 (7.35 [6.10-7.90] s) both, ADMA infusion and 5/6 nephrectomy tended to increase the thermal pain threshold at Day 14 (9.25 [6.55-12.18] s) and (9.50 [5.8 ± 11.0] s), respectively, compared to NaCl on Day 14 (8.4 [6.75-11.50] s). This difference became statistical significant at Day 28 where the median latency time in the ADMA group (13.10 [11.85-15.95] s) and in the 5/6 Nx group (13.50 [10.85-17.55] s) were significantly higher than in the NaCl group (7.35 [6.10-7.90] s). CONCLUSIONS Induction of progressive renal failure in rats by 5/6 nephrectomy, which is accompanied by a marked increase of the serum levels of the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA, leads to a significantly increased heat pain threshold at 28 days. The sole infusion of ADMA into healthy rats leads to the same increase in heat pain threshold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan T Kielstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang XQ, Li YJ, Zhao J, Shen XT, Yang CT, Fan LL, Hu B, Li YJ, Liao DF. Neuroprotective effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced damage in PC12 cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:530-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
31
|
Wang Y, Monzingo AF, Hu S, Schaller TH, Robertus JD, Fast W. Developing dual and specific inhibitors of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and nitric oxide synthase: toward a targeted polypharmacology to control nitric oxide. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8624-35. [PMID: 19663506 DOI: 10.1021/bi9007098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that block nitric oxide's (NO) biosynthesis are of significant interest. For example, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors have been suggested as antitumor therapeutics, as have inhibitors of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme that catabolizes endogenous NOS inhibitors. Dual-targeted inhibitors hold promise as more effective reagents to block NO biosynthesis than single-targeted compounds. In this study, a small set of known NOS inhibitors are surveyed as inhibitors of recombinant human DDAH-1. From these, an alkylamidine scaffold is selected for homologation. Stepwise lengthening of one substituent converts an NOS-selective inhibitor into a dual-targeted NOS/DDAH-1 inhibitor and then into a DDAH-1 selective inhibitor, as seen in the inhibition constants of N5-(1-iminoethyl)-, N5-(1-iminopropyl)-, N5-(1-iminopentyl)- and N(5)-(1-iminohexyl)-l-ornithine for neuronal NOS (1.7, 3, 20, >1,900 microM, respectively) and DDAH-1 (990, 52, 7.5, 110 microM, respectively). A 1.9 A X-ray crystal structure of the N5-(1-iminopropyl)-L-ornithine:DDAH-1 complex indicates covalent bond formation between the inhibitor's amidino carbon and the active-site Cys274, and solution studies show reversible competitive inhibition, consistent with a reversible covalent mode of DDAH inhibition by alkylamidine inhibitors. These represent a versatile scaffold for the development of a targeted polypharmacological approach to control NO biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Teerlink T, Luo Z, Palm F, Wilcox CS. Cellular ADMA: regulation and action. Pharmacol Res 2009; 60:448-60. [PMID: 19682580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric (N(G),N(G)) dimethylarginine (ADMA) is present in plasma and cells. It can inhibit nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that generates nitric oxide (NO) and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) that supply intracellular NOS with its substrate, l-arginine, from the plasma. Therefore, ADMA and its transport mechanisms are strategically placed to regulate endothelial function. This could have considerable clinical impact since endothelial dysfunction has been detected at the origin of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human subjects and may be a harbinger of large vessel disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, plasma levels of ADMA are increased in many studies of patients at risk for, or with overt CKD or CVD. However, the levels of ADMA measured in plasma of about 0.5micromol.l(-1) may be below those required to inhibit NOS whose substrate, l-arginine, is present in concentrations many fold above the Km for NOS. However, NOS activity may be partially inhibited by cellular ADMA. Therefore, the cellular production of ADMA by protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) and protein hydrolysis, its degradation by N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and its transmembrane transport by CAT that determines intracellular levels of ADMA may also determine the state of activation of NOS. This is the focus of the review. It is concluded that cellular levels of ADMA can be 5- to 20-fold above those in plasma and in a range that could tonically inhibit NOS. The relative importance of PRMT, DDAH and CAT for determining the intracellular NOS substrate:inhibitor ratio (l-arginine:ADMA) may vary according to the pathophysiologic circumstance. An understanding of this important balance requires knowledge of these three processes that regulate the intracellular levels of ADMA and arginine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Teerlink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Blackwell S, O'Reilly DSJ, Talwar DK. HPLC analysis of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and related arginine metabolites in human plasma using a novel non-endogenous internal standard. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 401:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Druhan LJ, Forbes SP, Pope AJ, Chen CA, Zweier JL, Cardounel AJ. Regulation of eNOS-derived superoxide by endogenous methylarginines. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7256-63. [PMID: 18553936 DOI: 10.1021/bi702377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous methylarginines, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N (G)-monomethyl- l-arginine (L-NMMA) regulate nitric oxide (NO) production from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Under conditions of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4) depletion eNOS also generates (*)O 2 (-); however, the effects of methylarginines on eNOS-derived (*)O 2 (-) generation are poorly understood. Therefore, using electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping techniques we measured the dose-dependent effects of ADMA and L-NMMA on (*)O 2 (-) production from eNOS under conditions of BH 4 depletion. In the absence of BH 4, ADMA dose-dependently increased NOS-derived (*)O 2 (-) generation, with a maximal increase of 151% at 100 microM ADMA. L-NMMA also dose-dependently increased NOS-derived (*)O 2 (-), but to a lesser extent, demonstrating a 102% increase at 100 microM L-NMMA. Moreover, the native substrate l-arginine also increased eNOS-derived (*)O 2 (-), exhibiting a similar degree of enhancement as that observed with ADMA. Measurements of NADPH consumption from eNOS demonstrated that binding of either l-arginine or methylarginines increased the rate of NADPH oxidation. Spectrophotometric studies suggest, just as for l-arginine and L-NMMA, the binding of ADMA shifts the eNOS heme to the high-spin state, indicative of a more positive heme redox potential, enabling enhanced electron transfer from the reductase to the oxygenase site. These results demonstrate that the methylarginines can profoundly shift the balance of NO and (*)O 2 (-) generation from eNOS. These observations have important implications with regard to the therapeutic use of l-arginine and the methylarginine-NOS inhibitors in the treatment of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Druhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun J, Druhan LJ, Zweier JL. Dose dependent effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on the function of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 471:126-33. [PMID: 18201545 PMCID: PMC4073612 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to modulate the function of nitric oxide synthase (NOS); however, the precise dose-dependent effects of specific RNS and ROS on NOS function are unknown. Questions remain unanswered regarding whether pathophysiological levels of RNS and ROS alter NOS function, and if this alteration is reversible. We measured the effects of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), superoxide (O2.-), hydroxyl radical (.OH), and H2O2 on nNOS activity. The results showed that NO production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by all four oxidants, but only O2.- and ONOO- were inhibitory at pathophysiological concentrations (50muM). Subsequent addition of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) fully restored activity after O2.- exposure, while BH4 partially rescued the activity decrease induced by the other three oxidants. Furthermore, treatment with either ONOO- or O2.- stimulated nNOS uncoupling with decreased NO and enhanced O2.- generation. Thus, nNOS is reversibly uncoupled by O2.- (50muM), but irreversibly uncoupled and inactivated by ONOO-. Additionally, we observed that the mechanism by which oxidative stress alters nNOS activity involves not only BH4 oxidation, but also nNOS monomerization as well as possible degradation of the heme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lawrence J. Druhan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Scanu B, Formato M, Deiana L, Carru C. Assessment of protein-incorporated arginine methylation in biological specimens by CZE UV-detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4452-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
37
|
Pope AJ, Druhan L, Guzman JE, Forbes SP, Murugesan V, Lu D, Xia Y, Chicoine LG, Parinandi NL, Cardounel AJ. Role of DDAH-1 in lipid peroxidation product-mediated inhibition of endothelial NO generation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C1679-86. [PMID: 17881609 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00224.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis is thought to play a role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and may contribute to increased risk seen in other cardiovascular diseases. It is hypothesized that altered NO bioavailability may result from an increase in endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors, asymmetric dimethly araginine (ADMA), and N(G)-monomethyl arginine, which are normally metabolized by dimethyarginine dimethylamine hydrolase (DDAH). Lipid hydroperoxides and their degradation products are generated during inflammation and oxidative stress and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Here, we show that the lipid hydroperoxide degradation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) causes a dose-dependent decrease in NO generation from bovine aortic endothelial cells, accompanied by a decrease in DDAH enzyme activity. The inhibitory effects of 4-HNE (50 microM) on endothelial NO production were partially reversed with L-Arg supplementation (1 mM). Overexpression of human DDAH-1 along with antioxidant supplementation completely restored endothelial NO production following exposure to 4-HNE (50 microM). These results demonstrate a critical role for the endogenous methylarginines in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Because lipid hydroperoxides and their degradation products are known to be involved in atherosclerosis, modulation of DDAH and methylarginines may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders associated with oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Pope
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Akgül EO, Cakir E, Ozcan O, Yaman H, Kurt YG, Oter S, Korkmaz A, Bilgi C, Erbil MK. Pressure-related Increase of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Caused by Hyperbaric Oxygen in the Rat Brain: A Possible Neuroprotective Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1586-91. [PMID: 17564837 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in nitric oxide availability in the brain tissue due to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity during the early phases of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure was found to be involved in hyperoxic vasoconstriction leading to reduced regional cerebral blood flow. We hypothesized that the concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), may be an important factor during this hyperoxic vasoconstriction state. Rats were exposed to 1, 2 and 3 atmospheres pure oxygen for two hours. A fourth group of animals served as control. Asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-Arginine and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentrations were measured from deproteinized rat brain cytosols. In rat brains exposed to 3 atmospheres O2, ADMA and L-Arginine levels were found to be significantly higher and NOx significantly lower than control levels. Additionally, statistically significant correlations between ADMA and L-Arginine, and ADMA and NOx concentrations were detected. In conclusion, this is the first study indicating increased ADMA levels in rat brains exposed to HBO. The simultaneously decreased NOx values suggest that ADMA elevation resulted in NOS inhibition and therefore may be responsible for the early phase hyperoxic vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ozgür Akgül
- Department of Biochemistry, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kielstein A, Tsikas D, Galloway GP, Mendelson JE. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)--a modulator of nociception in opiate tolerance and addiction? Nitric Oxide 2007; 17:55-9. [PMID: 17625935 PMCID: PMC2025594 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is generated from l-arginine by NO synthases, of which three forms have been identified: endothelial, inducible and neuronal (eNOS, iNOS and nNOS, respectively). The l-arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a potent, noncompetitive inhibitor of nNOS, while its congener N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) is a less potent, competitive inhibitor. In rat neurons large amounts of ADMA are found, suggesting its importance in modulating neuronal activity. Humans generate approximately 300mumol ( approximately 60mg) ADMA per day. It is released from myelin basic proteins that are highly expressed in neuronal tissue. ADMA is mainly degraded by the action of the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), which exists in two isoforms. DDAH1 is highly expressed in brain, suggesting specific function in this area. The presence of nNOS and DDAH1 in brain suggests that ADMA may have specific CNS activity and be more than an unregulated metabolite. Increased NO production-either prior to or concurrently with opioid administration-results in an enhanced rate and extent of development of tolerance to morphine in mice. NO produces an alteration in the mu-opioid receptor that increases constitutive receptor activity. It thereby reduces the ability of a selective mu-opioid agonist to activate the mu-opioid receptor; these in vitro molecular effects occur in a time course consistent with the in vivo development of antinociceptive tolerance in mice. Amongst many other synthetic NOS inhibitors of varying specificity, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) has been shown to have a high affinity (IC(50) 0.71 microM) to nNOS. Selective blockade of nNOS by 7-NI attenuated morphine withdrawal in opiate dependent rats, suggesting nNOS as a viable target for development of pharmacotherapies. We hypothesize that, by inhibiting nNOS and reducing NO levels, ADMA may decrease mu-opiate receptor constitutive activity, resulting in alteration of the analgesic dose-response curve of morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anousheh Kielstein
- Addiction Pharmacology Research Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, St. Luke's Hospital, 3555 Cesar Chavez Street, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Teerlink T. HPLC analysis of ADMA and other methylated l-arginine analogs in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:21-9. [PMID: 16931194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational methylation of arginine residues in proteins leads to generation of N(G)-monomethylarginine (MMA) and both symmetric and asymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA and ADMA), that are released into the cytosol upon proteolysis. Both MMA and ADMA are inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and especially elevated levels of ADMA are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Plasma concentrations of ADMA and SDMA are very low, typically between 0.3 and 0.8 microM, making their quantification by HPLC an analytical challenge. Sample preparation usually involves a cleanup step by solid-phase extraction on cation-exchange columns followed by derivatization of amino acids into fluorescent adducts. Because ADMA and SDMA concentrations in healthy subjects show a very narrow distribution, with a between-subject variability of 13% for ADMA and 19% for SDMA, very low imprecision is an essential assay feature. Procedures for sample cleanup, derivatization, and chromatographic separation of arginine and its methylated analogs are the main topics of this review. In addition, important aspects of method validation, pre-analytical factors, and reference values are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Teerlink
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zsuga J, Torok J, Magyar MT, Valikovics A, Gesztelyi R, Kéki S, Csiba L, Zsuga M, Bereczki D. Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine negatively correlates with intima-media thickness in early-onset atherosclerosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 23:388-94. [PMID: 17406107 DOI: 10.1159/000101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) assumes a significant role in atherosclerosis by inhibiting the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Moreover, ADMA inhibits the inducible NOS (iNOS), the isoform that triggers atherosclerosis via peroxynitrite formation. Therefore, we investigated whether ADMA is a risk or protective factor in the atherosclerotic process. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, a surrogate for vascular diseases, was chosen as the outcome variable of interest. METHODS Sixty patients younger than 55 years having at least 30% stenosis of the internal carotid artery and 30 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited at a community-based neurosonological laboratory. We investigated relatively young patients to circumvent the confounding effect age has in the development of atherosclerosis. RESULTS The IMT showed a negative correlation with ADMA upon analysis of the pooled data (Spearman correlation coefficient -0.300, p = 0.0041) and the atherosclerotic stratum (Spearman correlation coefficient -0.323, p = 0.012). A multiple linear regression model containing all determinant factors of IMT previously identified by simple regression was used to further quantify the relationship between IMT and ADMA. The negative association between IMT and ADMA remained statistically significant (beta: -0.510, CI: -0.894, -0.127; p = 0.010), furthermore it was even stronger in the atherosclerotic stratum (beta: -0.67, CI: -1.16, -0.18; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS A minimal increase in ADMA concentration may be protective by inhibiting iNOS but not eNOS in states where iNOS is induced, e.g. inflammation accompanying atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Zsuga
- Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cardounel AJ, Cui H, Samouilov A, Johnson W, Kearns P, Tsai AL, Berka V, Zweier JL. Evidence for the pathophysiological role of endogenous methylarginines in regulation of endothelial NO production and vascular function. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:879-87. [PMID: 17082183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603606200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In endothelium, NO is derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-mediated L-arginine oxidation. Endogenous guanidinomethylated arginines (MAs), including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), are released in cells upon protein degradation and are competitive inhibitors of eNOS. However, it is unknown whether intracellular MA concentrations reach levels sufficient to regulate endothelial NO production. Therefore, the dose-dependent effects of ADMA and L-NMMA on eNOS function were determined. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the Km for L-arginine is 3.14 microM with a Vmax of 0.14 micromol mg-1 min-1, whereas Ki values of 0.9 microM and 1.1 microM were determined for ADMA and L-NMMA, respectively. EPR studies of NO production from purified eNOS demonstrated that, with a physiological 100 microM level of L-arginine, MA levels of >10 microM were required for significant eNOS inhibition. Dose-dependent inhibition of NO formation in endothelial cells was observed with extracellular MA concentrations as low 5 microm. Similar effects were observed in isolated vessels where 5 microm ADMA inhibited vascular relaxation to acetylcholine. MA uptake studies demonstrated that ADMA and L-NMMA accumulate in endothelial cells with intracellular levels greatly exceeding extracellular concentrations. L-arginine/MA ratios were correlated with cellular NO production. Although normal physiological levels of MAs do not significantly inhibit NOS, a 3- to 9-fold increase, as reported under disease conditions, would exert prominent inhibition. Using a balloon model of vascular injury, approximately 4-fold increases in cellular MAs were observed, and these caused prominent impairment of vascular relaxation. Thus, MAs are critical mediators of vascular dysfunction following vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo J Cardounel
- Department of Pharmacology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stone EM, Costello AL, Tierney DL, Fast W. Substrate-Assisted Cysteine Deprotonation in the Mechanism of Dimethylargininase (DDAH) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 2006; 45:5618-30. [PMID: 16634643 DOI: 10.1021/bi052595m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme dimethylargininase (also known as dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase or DDAH; EC 3.5.3.18) catalyzes the hydrolysis of endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, N(omega)-methyl-l-arginine and N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-l-arginine. Understanding the mechanism and regulation of DDAH activity is important for developing ways to control nitric oxide production during angiogenesis and in many cases of vascular endothelial pathobiology. Several possible physiological regulation mechanisms of DDAH depend upon the presence of an active-site cysteine residue, Cys249 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) DDAH, which is proposed to serve as a nucleophile in the catalytic mechanism. Through the use of pH-dependent ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) difference spectroscopy and inactivation kinetics, the pK(a) of the active-site Cys249 in the resting enzyme was found to be unperturbed from pK(a) values of typical noncatalytic cysteine residues. In contrast, the pH dependence of k(cat) values indicates a much lower apparent pK(a) value. UV-vis difference spectroscopy between wild-type and C249S DDAH shows absorbance changes consistent with Cys249 deprotonation to the anionic thiolate upon binding positively charged ligands. The proton from Cys249 is lost either to the solvent or to an unidentified general base. A mutation of the active-site histidine residue, H162G, does not eliminate cysteine nucleophilicity, further arguing against a pre-formed ion pair with Cys249. Finally, UV-vis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that inhibitory metal ions can bind at these two active-site residues, Cys249 and His162, and also stabilize the anionic form of Cys249. These results support a proposed substrate-assisted mechanism for Pa DDAH in which ligand binding modulates the reactivity of the active-site cysteine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everett M Stone
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rossiter S, Smith CL, Malaki M, Nandi M, Gill H, Leiper JM, Vallance P, Selwood DL. Selective substrate-based inhibitors of mammalian dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4670-8. [PMID: 16000003 DOI: 10.1021/jm050187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme DDAH metabolizes methylarginines that are inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Substrate-based inhibitors of mammalian DDAH have been synthesized, with optimization to give selective inhibition of DDAH with no significant direct effect on NOSs. These are the first examples of reversible DDAH inhibitors with significant activity and selectivity. In vivo administration increases plasma ADMA levels, giving proof of concept that these inhibitors can be used to probe the physiological effects of DDAH inhibition, with potential for pharmaceutical use of DDAH inhibitors in diseases where excess NO production is implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rossiter
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, BHF Laboratories, Rayne Building, University College London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cardounel AJ, Xia Y, Zweier JL. Endogenous methylarginines modulate superoxide as well as nitric oxide generation from neuronal nitric-oxide synthase: differences in the effects of monomethyl- and dimethylarginines in the presence and absence of tetrahydrobiopterin. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:7540-9. [PMID: 15574418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410241200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous methylarginines asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) regulate nitric oxide (NO) production from neuronal NO synthase (nNOS). Under conditions of L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) depletion, nNOS also generates superoxide, O(2)(.); however, the effects of methylarginines on this O(2)(.) generation are poorly understood. Therefore, we measured the dose-dependent effects of ADMA and L-NMMA on the rate and amount of O(2)(.) production from nNOS under conditions of L-arginine and/or BH(4) depletion, using electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping. In the absence of L-arginine, ADMA (1 microm) inhibited O(2)(.) generation by approximately 60% from a rate of 56 to 23 nmol/mg/min, whereas L-NMMA (0.1-100 microm) had no effect. L-Arginine markedly decreased the observed O(2)(.) adduct formation; however, O(2)(.) generation from the enzyme still occurs at a low rate (12.1 nmol/mg/min). This O(2)(.) leak is NOS-derived as it is not seen in the absence of calcium and calmodulin and demonstrates that O(2)(.) generation from NOS occurs even when normal substrate/ cofactor levels are present. Under conditions of BH(4) depletion, ADMA had no effect on O(2)(.), whereas L-NMMA increased O(2)(.) production almost 3-fold. This O(2)(.) generation was >90% inhibited by imidazole, indicating that it occurred at the heme center. Thus, methylarginines can profoundly shift the balance of NO and O(2)(.) generation from nNOS. These observations have important implications with regard to the therapeutic use of methylarginine-NOS inhibitors in the treatment of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo J Cardounel
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zsuga J, Gesztelyi R, Török J, Kéki S, Bereczki D. Asymmetric dimethylarginine: A molecule responsible for the coexistence of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis via dual nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Med Hypotheses 2005; 65:1091-8. [PMID: 16125868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been recently identified as the major endogenous inhibitor of soluble nitric oxide synthase. Its systemic accumulation was observed in conjunction with atherosclerosis and several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Here, we propose that ADMA causes insulin resistance by the inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, while the simultaneously observed atherosclerosis is the consequence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. Our hypothesis rests on animal models in which experimental insulin resistance was induced by intraportal administration of non-selective and selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, N-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or 7-nitroindazole. In these models, loss of hepatic nitric oxide productions is presumed to hinder a very potent insulin sensitizing mechanism referred to as meal induced sensitization that is anatomically linked to the nitrergic fibers of the anterior hepatic plexus. Cause and effect relationship between ADMA and insulin resistance has been proposed previously by others however the nature of this relationship has not been elucidated in detail. In our hypothesis, we suggest that ADMA by inhibiting both the neuronal and the endothelial forms of NOS, results both in insulin resistance and in accelerated atherosclerosis, therefore ADMA is the molecule responsible for the coexistence of these two conditions. We also suggest animal models and human studies to test our hypothesis, the results of which may offer novel approaches in the prevention of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Zsuga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen H-4012 Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
L-Arginine is the biological precursor of nitric oxide (NO), which serves as an important signal and effector molecule in animals. This review summarizes some structure-function aspects of the mammalian nitric oxide synthases, which are enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-arginine to NO and L-citrulline. These include aspects related to: 1) the chemical transformations of L-arginine during enzyme catalysis, 2) binding of L-arginine or its structural analogs to the nitric oxide synthases, and 3) how L-arginine levels may affect product formation by the nitric oxide synthases and how this can be modulated by structural analogs of L-arginine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miranda TB, Miranda M, Frankel A, Clarke S. PRMT7 is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family with a distinct substrate specificity. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:22902-7. [PMID: 15044439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312904200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a mammalian arginine N-methyltransferase, PRMT7, that can catalyze the formation of omega-NG-monomethylarginine in peptides. This protein is encoded by a gene on human chromosome 16q22.1 (human locus AK001502). We expressed a full-length human cDNA construct in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. We found that GST-tagged PRMT7 catalyzes the S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]-l-methionine-dependent methylation of the synthetic peptide GGPGGRGGPGG-NH2 (R1). The radiolabeled peptide was purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and acid hydrolyzed to free amino acids. When the hydrolyzed products were separated by high-resolution cation-exchange chromatography, we were able to detect one tritiated species which co-migrated with an omega-NG-monomethylarginine standard. Surprisingly, GST-PRMT7 was not able to catalyze the in vitro methylation of a GST-fibrillarin (amino acids 1-148) fusion protein (GST-GAR), a methyl-accepting substrate for the previously characterized PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT4, PRMT5, and PRMT6 enzymes. Nor was it able to methylate myelin basic protein or histone H2A, in vitro substrates of PRMT5. This specificity distinguishes PRMT7 from all of the other known arginine methyltransferases. An additional unique feature of PRMT7 is that it seems to have arisen from a gene duplication event and contains two putative AdoMet-binding motifs. To see if both motifs were necessary for activity, each putative domain was expressed as a GST-fusion and tested for activity with peptides R1 and R2 (acetyl-GGRGG-NH2). These truncated proteins were enzymatically inactive, suggesting that both domains are required for functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Branscombe Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Selley ML. Homocysteine increases the production of asymmetric dimethylarginine in cultured neurons. J Neurosci Res 2004; 77:90-3. [PMID: 15197741 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Increased circulating concentrations of homocysteine may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive dysfunction in normal aging. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS). ADMA is metabolized in neurons by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Nitric oxide plays an important role in synaptic events involved in learning and memory. We determined the effect of L-homocysteine on ADMA accumulation and nitric oxide production in cultured rat neuronal granule cells. The incubation of neuronal granule cells with L-homocysteine for 24 hr caused a dose-dependent accumulation of ADMA and a dose-dependent decrease in nitric oxide production. The addition of the sulfhydryl antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) attenuated the effect of homocysteine on ADMA accumulation and nitric oxide production. DDAH activity had a decreasing dose-response relationship with increasing L-homocysteine concentrations. The addition of PDTC caused a dose-dependent increase in DDAH activity. The addition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid and 7-chlorokynurenate had no effect on the inhibition of DDAH by homocysteine. It is concluded that L-homocysteine inhibits DDAH activity, thereby causing ADMA accumulation and decreasing nitric oxide production in cultured neurons. The protective effect of PDTC suggests that L-homocysteine inactivates DDAH in neurons by reacting with the cysteine residue in its active site. The preservation of DDAH activity and the reduction of ADMA accumulation in neurons may be a new strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment in normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Selley
- Angiogen Pharmaceuticals Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Selley ML. Increased concentrations of homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine and decreased concentrations of nitric oxide in the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2003; 24:903-7. [PMID: 12928048 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(03)00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular risk factors increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Increased concentrations of circulating homocysteine are associated with an increased risk of both vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. There is an increase in the concentration of ADMA in the circulation in vascular disease. We measured the concentrations of homocysteine, ADMA and nitric oxide (as nitrate and nitrite) in the plasma of 25 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 25 control subjects. There was a highly significant increase in the plasma concentration of homocysteine (P<0.001) and ADMA (P<0.0001) and a highly significant decrease in the plasma concentration of nitric oxide (P<0.0001) among the Alzheimer's patients. In the combined patient and control groups a highly significant positive correlation was found between the plasma concentrations of homocysteine and ADMA (r=0.782, P<0.0001). In addition, significant negative correlations were detected between the plasma concentration of nitric oxide and the plasma concentration of homocysteine (r=-0.592, P<0.0001) and ADMA (r=-0.789, P<0.0001). These significant correlations were found to persist, even when they were restricted to the Alzheimer's patients. The inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis by ADMA impairs cerebral blood flow, which may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Endothelial dysfunction is also associated with atherosclerosis and stroke, which are important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Inflammation plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease and the inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide by ADMA may increase the concentration of inflammatory mediators in the brain. The inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthesis by ADMA may cause cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Selley
- Angiogen Pharmaceuticals Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 512, Turramurra, NSW 2074, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|