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Yang S, Chen M, Meng J, Hao C, Xu L, Wang J, Chen J. Melatonin alleviates di-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced ferroptosis of mouse leydig cells via inhibiting Sp2/VDAC2 signals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118221. [PMID: 38246300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been extensively used in industry. DBP has been shown to cause damage to Leydig cells, yet its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we show that DBP induces ferroptosis of mouse Leydig cells via upregulating the expression of Sp2, a transcription factor. Also, Sp2 is identified to promote the transcription of Vdac2 gene by binding to its promoter and subsequently involved in DBP-induced ferroptosis of Leydig cells. In addition, DBP is proved to induce ferroptosis via inducing oxidative stress, while inhibition of oxidative stress by melatonin alleviates DBP-induced ferroptosis and upregulation of Sp2 and VDAC2. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that melatonin can alleviate DBP-induced ferroptosis of mouse Leydig cells via inhibiting oxidative stress-triggered Sp2/VDAC2 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Meiwei Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jiahui Meng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Chaoju Hao
- Library, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Genetic variation as a long-distance modulator of RAD21 expression in humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13035. [PMID: 35906355 PMCID: PMC9338076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations and changes in expression of RAD21 are common in many types of cancer. Moreover, sub-optimal levels of RAD21 expression in early development can result in cohesinopathies. Altered RAD21 levels can result directly from mutations in the RAD21 gene. However, whether DNA variants outside of the RAD21 gene could control its expression and thereby contribute to cancer and developmental disease is unknown. In this study, we searched for genomic variants that modify RAD21expression to determine their potential to contribute to development or cancer by RAD21 dysregulation. We searched 42,953,834 genomic variants for a spatial-eQTL association with the transcription of RAD21. We identified 123 significant associations (FDR < 0.05), which are local (cis) or long-distance (trans) regulators of RAD21 expression. The 123 variants co-regulate a further seven genes (AARD, AKAP11, GRID1, KCNIP4, RCN1, TRIOBP, and USP32), enriched for having Sp2 transcription factor binding sites in their promoter regions. The Sp2 transcription factor and six of the seven genes had previously been associated with cancer onset, progression, and metastasis. Our results suggest that genome-wide variation in non-coding regions impacts on RAD21 transcript levels in addition to other genes, which then could impact on oncogenesis and the process of ubiquitination. This identification of distant co-regulation of oncogenes represents a strategy for discovery of novel genetic regions influencing cancer onset and a potential for diagnostics.
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Liao S, Yang W, Yu T, Dai L, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhao J, Liu C. Establishment of a Drug Screening Model for Cardiac Complications of Acute Renal Failure. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1370. [PMID: 34572583 PMCID: PMC8469377 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a clinical critical syndrome with rapid and severe decline of renal function. Complications of ARF, especially its cardiac complications (cardiorenal syndrome type 3, CRS-3), are the main causes of death in patients with ARF. However, the shortage and limited efficacy of therapeutic drugs make it significant to establish new large-scale drug screening models. Based on the Nitroreductase/Metronidazole (NTR/MTZ) cell ablation system, we constructed a Tg(cdh17:Dendra2-NTR) transgenic zebrafish line, which can specifically ablate renal tubular epithelial cells. The absence of renal tubular epithelial cells can lead to ARF in zebrafish larvae. The ARF symptoms, such as heart enlargement, slow heart rate and blood stasis, are similar to the clinical manifestations of human CRS-3. Furthermore, two therapeutic drugs (digoxin and enalapril) commonly used in the clinical treatment of heart failure were also effective in alleviating the symptoms of CRS-3 in zebrafish, which proved the effectiveness of this model. Drug screening further discovered a potential drug candidate, α-lipoic acid, which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of CRS-3 through its antioxidant function. Accordingly, we established a new ARF model of zebrafish, which laid a foundation for large-scale screening of new therapeutic drugs for its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenmin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China;
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiangping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China; (S.L.); (W.Y.); (L.D.); (X.L.); (J.Z.)
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Laopichienpong N, Kraichak E, Singchat W, Sillapaprayoon S, Muangmai N, Suntrarachun S, Baicharoen S, Peyachoknagul S, Chanhome L, Ezaz T, Srikulnath K. Genome-wide SNP analysis of Siamese cobra (Naja kaouthia) reveals the molecular basis of transitions between Z and W sex chromosomes and supports the presence of an ancestral super-sex chromosome in amniotes. Genomics 2020; 113:624-636. [PMID: 33002626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the process of sex chromosome differentiation is necessary to understand the dynamics of evolutionary mechanisms in organisms. The W sex chromosome of the Siamese cobra (Naja kaouthia) contains a large number of repeats and shares amniote sex chromosomal linkages. Diversity Arrays Technology provides an effective approach to identify sex-specific loci that are epoch-making, to understand the dynamics of molecular transitions between the Z and W sex chromosomes in a snake lineage. From a total of 543 sex-specific loci, 90 showed partial homology with sex chromosomes of several amniotes and 89 loci were homologous to transposable elements. Two loci were confirmed as W-specific nucleotides after PCR amplification. These loci might result from a sex chromosome differentiation process and involve putative sex-determination regions in the Siamese cobra. Sex-specific loci shared linkage homologies among amniote sex chromosomes, supporting an ancestral super-sex chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nararat Laopichienpong
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Ekaphan Kraichak
- Department of Botany, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Worapong Singchat
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Siwapech Sillapaprayoon
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sunutcha Suntrarachun
- Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudarath Baicharoen
- Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the King, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Surin Peyachoknagul
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Lawan Chanhome
- Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand); Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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5
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Johnson CA, Ghashghaei HT. Sp2 regulates late neurogenic but not early expansive divisions of neural stem cells underlying population growth in the mouse cortex. Development 2020; 147:dev186056. [PMID: 32001437 PMCID: PMC7044455 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the switch from self-amplification of cortical stem cells to neuronal and glial generation are incompletely understood, despite their importance for neural development. Here, we have investigated the role of the transcription factor specificity protein 2 (Sp2) in expansive and neurogenic divisions of the developing cerebral cortex by combining conditional genetic deletion with the mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) system in mice. We find that loss of Sp2 in progenitors undergoing neurogenic divisions results in prolonged mitosis due to extension of early mitotic stages. This disruption is correlated with depletion of the populations of upper layer neurons in the cortex. In contrast, early cortical neural stem cells proliferate and expand normally in the absence of Sp2. These results indicate a stage-specific requirement for Sp2 in neural stem and progenitor cells, and reveal mechanistic differences between the early expansive and later neurogenic periods of cortical development.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - H Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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6
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Mitra M, Agarwal P, Kundu A, Banerjee V, Roy S. Investigation of the effect of UV-B light on Arabidopsis MYB4 (AtMYB4) transcription factor stability and detection of a putative MYB4-binding motif in the promoter proximal region of AtMYB4. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220123. [PMID: 31393961 PMCID: PMC6687144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we have investigated the possible effect of UV-B light on the folding/unfolding properties and stability of Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 (AtMYB4) transcription factor in vitro by using biophysical approaches. Urea-induced equilibrium unfolding analyses have shown relatively higher stability of the wild-type recombinant AtMYB4 protein than the N-terminal deletion forms after UV-B exposure. However, as compared to wild-type form, AtMYB4Δ2 protein, lacking both the two N-terminal MYB domains, showed appreciable alteration in the secondary structure following UV-B exposure. UV-B irradiated AtMYB4Δ2 also displayed higher propensity of aggregation in light scattering experiments, indicating importance of the N-terminal modules in regulating the stability of AtMYB4 under UV-B stress. DNA binding assays have indicated specific binding activity of AtMYB4 to a putative MYB4 binding motif located about 212 bp upstream relative to transcription start site of AtMYB4 gene promoter, while relatively weak DNA binding activity was detected for another putative MYB4 motif located at -908 bp in AtMYB4 promoter. Gel shift and fluorescence anisotropy studies have shown increased binding affinity of UV-B exposed AtMYB4 to the promoter proximal MYB4 motif. ChIP assay has revealed binding of AtMYB4 to the promoter proximal (-212 position) MYB4 motif (ACCAAAC) in vivo. Docking experiments further revealed mechanistic detail of AtMYB4 interaction with the putative binding motifs. Overall, our results have indicated that the N-terminal 62-116 amino acid residues constituting the second MYB domain plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the C-terminal region and the overall stability of the protein, while a promoter proximal MYB-motif in AtMYB4 promoter may involve in the regulation of its own expression under UV-B light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehali Mitra
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Anurima Kundu
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Victor Banerjee
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Völkel S, Stielow B, Finkernagel F, Berger D, Stiewe T, Nist A, Suske G. Transcription factor Sp2 potentiates binding of the TALE homeoproteins Pbx1:Prep1 and the histone-fold domain protein Nf-y to composite genomic sites. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19250-19262. [PMID: 30337366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different transcription factors operate together at promoters and enhancers to regulate gene expression. Transcription factors either bind directly to their target DNA or are tethered to it by other proteins. The transcription factor Sp2 serves as a paradigm for indirect genomic binding. It does not require its DNA-binding domain for genomic DNA binding and occupies target promoters independently of whether they contain a cognate DNA-binding motif. Hence, Sp2 is strikingly different from its closely related paralogs Sp1 and Sp3, but how Sp2 recognizes its targets is unknown. Here, we sought to gain more detailed insights into the genomic targeting mechanism of Sp2. ChIP-exo sequencing in mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed genomic binding of Sp2 to a composite motif where a recognition sequence for TALE homeoproteins and a recognition sequence for the trimeric histone-fold domain protein nuclear transcription factor Y (Nf-y) are separated by 11 bp. We identified a complex consisting of the TALE homeobox protein Prep1, its partner PBX homeobox 1 (Pbx1), and Nf-y as the major partners in Sp2-promoter interactions. We found that the Pbx1:Prep1 complex together with Nf-y recruits Sp2 to co-occupied regulatory elements. In turn, Sp2 potentiates binding of Pbx1:Prep1 and Nf-y. We also found that the Sp-box, a short sequence motif close to the Sp2 N terminus, is crucial for Sp2's cofactor function. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which the DNA binding-independent activity of Sp2 potentiates genomic loading of Pbx1:Prep1 and Nf-y to composite motifs present in many promoters of highly expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Völkel
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) and
| | - Bastian Stielow
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) and
| | | | - Dana Berger
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) and
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- the Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- the Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Guntram Suske
- From the Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT) and
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8
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Odorico A, Rünneburger E, Le Rouzic A. Modelling the influence of parental effects on gene-network evolution. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:687-700. [PMID: 29473251 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the importance of nongenetic heredity in the evolutionary process is a major topic in modern evolutionary biology. We modified a classical gene-network model by allowing parental transmission of gene expression and studied its evolutionary properties through individual-based simulations. We identified ontogenetic time (i.e. the time gene networks have to stabilize before being submitted to natural selection) as a crucial factor in determining the evolutionary impact of this phenotypic inheritance. Indeed, fast-developing organisms display enhanced adaptation and greater robustness to mutations when evolving in presence of nongenetic inheritance (NGI). In contrast, in our model, long development reduces the influence of the inherited state of the gene network. NGI thus had a negligible effect on the evolution of gene networks when the speed at which transcription levels reach equilibrium is not constrained. Nevertheless, simulations show that intergenerational transmission of the gene-network state negatively affects the evolution of robustness to environmental disturbances for either fast- or slow-developing organisms. Therefore, these results suggest that the evolutionary consequences of NGI might not be sought only in the way species respond to selection, but also on the evolution of emergent properties (such as environmental and genetic canalization) in complex genetic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Odorico
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estelle Rünneburger
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Le Rouzic
- Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Liang H, Xiao G, Yin H, Hippenmeyer S, Horowitz JM, Ghashghaei HT. Neural development is dependent on the function of specificity protein 2 in cell cycle progression. Development 2013; 140:552-61. [PMID: 23293287 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Faithful progression through the cell cycle is crucial to the maintenance and developmental potential of stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that neural stem cells (NSCs) and intermediate neural progenitor cells (NPCs) employ a zinc-finger transcription factor specificity protein 2 (Sp2) as a cell cycle regulator in two temporally and spatially distinct progenitor domains. Differential conditional deletion of Sp2 in early embryonic cerebral cortical progenitors, and perinatal olfactory bulb progenitors disrupted transitions through G1, G2 and M phases, whereas DNA synthesis appeared intact. Cell-autonomous function of Sp2 was identified by deletion of Sp2 using mosaic analysis with double markers, which clearly established that conditional Sp2-null NSCs and NPCs are M phase arrested in vivo. Importantly, conditional deletion of Sp2 led to a decline in the generation of NPCs and neurons in the developing and postnatal brains. Our findings implicate Sp2-dependent mechanisms as novel regulators of cell cycle progression, the absence of which disrupts neurogenesis in the embryonic and postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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10
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Kim TH, Chiera SL, Linder KE, Trempus CS, Smart RC, Horowitz JM. Overexpression of transcription factor sp2 inhibits epidermal differentiation and increases susceptibility to wound- and carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8507-16. [PMID: 20959487 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sp proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors required for the expression of a wide variety of genes that are critical for development and cell cycle progression. Deregulated expression of certain Sp proteins is associated with the formation of a variety of human tumors; however, direct evidence that any given Sp protein is oncogenic has been lacking. Here, we report that Sp2 protein abundance in mice increases in concert with the progression of carcinogen-induced murine squamous cell carcinomas. Transgenic mice specifically overexpressing murine Sp2 in epidermal basal keratinocytes were highly susceptible to wound- and carcinogen-induced papillomagenesis. Transgenic animals that were homozygous rather than hemizygous for the Sp2 transgene exhibited a striking arrest in the epidermal differentiation program, perishing within 2 weeks of birth. Our results directly support the likelihood that Sp2 overexpression occurring in various human cancers has significant functional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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11
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Yin H, Nichols TD, Horowitz JM. Transcription of mouse Sp2 yields alternatively spliced and sub-genomic mRNAs in a tissue- and cell-type-specific fashion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:520-31. [PMID: 20353838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Sp-family of transcription factors is comprised by nine members, Sp1-9, that share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain. Sp2 is a poorly characterized member of this transcription factor family that is widely expressed in murine and human cell lines yet exhibits little DNA-binding or trans-activation activity in these settings. As a prelude to the generation of a "knock-out" mouse strain, we isolated a mouse Sp2 cDNA and performed a detailed analysis of Sp2 transcription in embryonic and adult mouse tissues. We report that (1) the 5' untranslated region of Sp2 is subject to alternative splicing, (2) Sp2 transcription is regulated by at least two promoters that differ in their cell-type specificity, (3) one Sp2 promoter is highly active in nine mammalian cell lines and strains and is regulated by at least five discrete stimulatory and inhibitory elements, (4) a variety of sub-genomic messages are synthesized from the Sp2 locus in a tissue- and cell-type-specific fashion and these transcripts have the capacity to encode a novel partial-Sp2 protein, and (5) RNA in situ hybridization assays indicate that Sp2 is widely expressed during mouse embryogenesis, particularly in the embryonic brain, and robust Sp2 expression occurs in neurogenic regions of the post-natal and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yin
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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