1
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Lin N, Gao XY, Li X, Chu WM. Involvement of ubiquitination in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1459678. [PMID: 39301473 PMCID: PMC11412110 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1459678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The hallmark pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) consist of senile plaques, which are formed by extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, and neurofibrillary tangles, which are formed by the hyperphosphorylation of intra-neuronal tau proteins. With the increase in clinical studies, the in vivo imbalance of iron homeostasis and the dysfunction of synaptic plasticity have been confirmed to be involved in AD pathogenesis. All of these mechanisms are constituted by the abnormal accumulation of misfolded or conformationally altered protein aggregates, which in turn drive AD progression. Proteostatic imbalance has emerged as a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of AD. Ubiquitination modification is a major pathway for maintaining protein homeostasis, and protein degradation is primarily carried out by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In this review, we provide an overview of the ubiquitination modification processes and related protein ubiquitination degradation pathways in AD, focusing on the microtubule-associated protein Tau, amyloid precursor protein (APP), divalent metal transporter protein 1 (DMT1), and α-amino-3-hyroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. We also discuss recent advances in ubiquitination-based targeted therapy for AD, with the aim of contributing new ideas to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi-Yan Gao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Ming Chu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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2
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Zemskov EA, Zemskova MA, Wu X, Moreno Caceres S, Caraballo Delgado D, Yegambaram M, Lu Q, Fu P, Wang T, Black SM. Novel Mechanism of Cyclic Nucleotide Crosstalk Mediated by PKG-dependent Proteasomal Degradation of the Hsp90 Client Protein Phosphodiesterase 3A. J Biol Chem 2024:107723. [PMID: 39214301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE3A is one of the major negative regulators of the endothelial barrier function in acute lung injury (ALI) models. However, the mechanisms underlying its regulation still need to be fully resolved. We show here that the PDE3A is a newly described client of the molecular chaperone hsp90. In endothelial cells (EC), hsp90 inhibition by geldanamycin (GA) led to a disruption of the hsp90/PDE3A complex, followed by a significant decrease in PDE3A protein levels. The decrease in PDE3A protein levels was ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent and required the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP). GA treatment also enhanced the association of PDE3A with hsp70, which partially prevented PDE3A degradation. GA-induced decreases in PDE3A protein levels correlated with decreased PDE3 activity and increased cAMP levels in EC. We also demonstrated that PKG-dependent phosphorylation of PDE3A at Ser654 can signal the dissociation of PDE3A from hsp90 and PDE3A degradation. This was confirmed by endogenous PDE3A phosphorylation and degradation in 8-Br-cGMP- or 8-CPT-cGMP- and Bay 41-8543 -stimulated EC and comparisons of wildtype- and phospho-mimic S654D mutant PDE3A protein stability in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. In conclusion, we have identified a new mechanism of PDE3A regulation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Further, the degradation of PDE3A is controlled by the phosphorylation of S654 and the interaction with hsp90. We speculate that targeting the PDE3A/hsp90 complex could be a therapeutic approach for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL; Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Marina A Zemskova
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Qing Lu
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL; Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL.
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3
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Liu J, Jin J, Liang T, Feng XH. To Ub or not to Ub: a regulatory question in TGF-β signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:1059-1072. [PMID: 35810076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily controls a wide spectrum of biological processes in metazoans, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell-fate determination, and embryonic development. Deregulation of TGF-β-Smad signaling contributes to developmental anomalies and a variety of disorders and diseases such as tumorigenesis, fibrotic disorders, and immune diseases. In cancer, TGF-β has dual effects through its antiproliferative and prometastatic actions. At the cellular level, TGF-β functions mainly through the canonical Smad-dependent pathway in a cell type-specific and context-dependent manner. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ubiquitination plays a vital role in regulating TGF-β-Smad signaling. We summarize current progress on ubiquitination (Ub) and the ubiquitin ligases that regulate TGF-β-Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianping Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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4
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Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase CHIP: A double agent in cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1521-1555. [PMID: 36157498 PMCID: PMC9485218 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone belonging to Ubox family that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by switching the equilibrium of the folding-refolding mechanism towards the proteasomal or lysosomal degradation pathway. It links molecular chaperones viz. HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 with ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), acting as a quality control system. CHIP contains charged domain in between N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and C-terminal Ubox domain. TPR domain interacts with the aberrant client proteins via chaperones while Ubox domain facilitates the ubiquitin transfer to the client proteins for ubiquitination. Thus, CHIP is a classic molecule that executes ubiquitination for degradation of client proteins. Further, CHIP has been found to be indulged in cellular differentiation, proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Additionally, CHIP can play its dual role as a tumor suppressor as well as an oncogene in numerous malignancies, thus acting as a double agent. Here, in this review, we have reported almost all substrates of CHIP established till date and classified them according to the hallmarks of cancer. In addition, we discussed about its architectural alignment, tissue specific expression, sub-cellular localization, folding-refolding mechanisms of client proteins, E4 ligase activity, normal physiological roles, as well as involvement in various diseases and tumor biology. Further, we aim to discuss its importance in HSP90 inhibitors mediated cancer therapy. Thus, this report concludes that CHIP may be a promising and worthy drug target towards pharmaceutical industry for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kumar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector–V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Paraganas, West Bengal 743372, India
| | - Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector–V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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5
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A dimer-monomer switch controls CHIP-dependent substrate ubiquitylation and processing. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3239-3254.e11. [PMID: 36027913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The high substrate selectivity of the ubiquitin/proteasome system is mediated by a large group of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The ubiquitin ligase CHIP regulates the degradation of chaperone-controlled and chaperone-independent proteins. To understand how CHIP mediates substrate selection and processing, we performed a structure-function analysis of CHIP and addressed its physiological role in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. The conserved function of CHIP in chaperone-assisted degradation requires dimer formation to mediate proteotoxic stress resistance and to prevent protein aggregation. The CHIP monomer, however, promotes the turnover of the membrane-bound insulin receptor and longevity. The dimer-monomer transition is regulated by CHIP autoubiquitylation and chaperone binding, which provides a feedback loop that controls CHIP activity in response to cellular stress. Because CHIP also binds other E3 ligases, such as Parkin, the molecular switch mechanism described here could be a general concept for the regulation of substrate selectivity and ubiquitylation by combining different E3s.
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6
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Das A, Thapa P, Santiago U, Shanmugam N, Banasiak K, Dąbrowska K, Nolte H, Szulc NA, Gathungu RM, Cysewski D, Krüger M, Dadlez M, Nowotny M, Camacho CJ, Hoppe T, Pokrzywa W. A heterotypic assembly mechanism regulates CHIP E3 ligase activity. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109566. [PMID: 35762422 PMCID: PMC9340540 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CHIP (C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) and its worm ortholog CHN-1 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that link the chaperone system with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). CHN-1 can cooperate with UFD-2, another E3 ligase, to accelerate ubiquitin chain formation; however, the basis for the high processivity of this E3s set has remained obscure. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism and function of the CHN-1-UFD-2 complex in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data show that UFD-2 binding promotes the cooperation between CHN-1 and ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes by stabilizing the CHN-1 U-box dimer. However, HSP70/HSP-1 chaperone outcompetes UFD-2 for CHN-1 binding, thereby promoting a shift to the autoinhibited CHN-1 state by acting on a conserved residue in its U-box domain. The interaction with UFD-2 enables CHN-1 to efficiently ubiquitylate and regulate S-adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY-1), a key enzyme in the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) regeneration cycle, which is essential for SAM-dependent methylation. Our results define the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic cooperation of CHN-1 and UFD-2 in substrate ubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- Laboratory of Protein MetabolismInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Pankaj Thapa
- Laboratory of Protein MetabolismInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nilesh Shanmugam
- Laboratory of Protein MetabolismInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Katarzyna Banasiak
- Laboratory of Protein MetabolismInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
| | | | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Present address:
Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | - Natalia A Szulc
- Laboratory of Protein MetabolismInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
| | | | | | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Faculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPASWarsawPoland
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein StructureInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Faculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Wojciech Pokrzywa
- Laboratory of Protein MetabolismInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in WarsawWarsawPoland
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7
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Ng S, Brueckner AC, Bahmanjah S, Deng Q, Johnston JM, Ge L, Duggal R, Habulihaz B, Barlock B, Ha S, Sadruddin A, Yeo C, Strickland C, Peier A, Henry B, Sherer EC, Partridge AW. Discovery and Structure-Based Design of Macrocyclic Peptides Targeting STUB1. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9789-9801. [PMID: 35853179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that deletion of STUB1─a pivotal negative regulator of interferon-γ sensing─may potentially clear malignant cells. However, current studies rely primarily on genetic approaches, as pharmacological inhibitors of STUB1 are lacking. Identifying a tool compound will be a step toward validating the target in a broader therapeutic sense. Herein, screening more than a billion macrocyclic peptides resulted in STUB1 binders, which were further optimized by a structure-enabled in silico design. The strategy to replace the macrocyclic peptides' hydrophilic and solvent-exposed region with a hydrophobic scaffold improved cellular permeability while maintaining the binding conformation. Further substitution of the permeability-limiting terminal aspartic acid with a tetrazole bioisostere retained the binding to a certain extent while improving permeability, suggesting a path forward. Although not optimal for cellular study, the current lead provides a valuable template for further development into selective tool compounds for STUB1 to enable target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ng
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Alexander C Brueckner
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Soheila Bahmanjah
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jennifer M Johnston
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lan Ge
- Cell Sciences Innovation, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruchia Duggal
- ADME Group 2, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bahanu Habulihaz
- PPDM ADME Transporters & In Vitro Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin Barlock
- ADME Group 2, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sookhee Ha
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ahmad Sadruddin
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Constance Yeo
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Corey Strickland
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrea Peier
- Screening & Compound Profiling, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian Henry
- Quantitative Biosciences, MSD, 8 Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138665
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Computational & Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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8
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Dias C, Nita E, Faktor J, Hernychova L, Kunath T, Ball KL. Generation of a CHIP isogenic human iPSC-derived cortical neuron model for functional proteomics. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101247. [PMID: 35391935 PMCID: PMC8980993 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective E3-ubiquitin ligase CHIP is linked to healthy aging. Here, we present a protocol using a patient-derived iPSC line with a triplication of the α-synuclein gene to produce gene-edited cells isogenic for CHIP. We describe iPSC differentiation into cortical neurons and their identity validation. We then detail mass spectrometry-based approaches (SWATH-MS) to identify dominant changes in the steady state proteome generated by loss of CHIP function. This protocol can be adapted to other proteins that impact proteostasis in neurons. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dias et al. (2021). Generation of human iPSCs that are isogenic for the E3-ligase CHIP Differentiation of iPSCs into cortical neurons and validation over 80-days Preparation of cortical neurons samples suitable for label free proteomic analysis SWATH-MS measurement of steady state protein levels to facilitate pathway analysis
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9
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Munari F, Mollica L, Valente C, Parolini F, Kachoie EA, Arrigoni G, D'Onofrio M, Capaldi S, Assfalg M. Structural Basis for Chaperone‐Independent Ubiquitination of Tau Protein by Its E3 Ligase CHIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112374. [PMID: 35107860 PMCID: PMC9303552 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The multi‐site ubiquitination of Tau protein found in Alzheimer's disease filaments hints at the failed attempt of neurons to remove early toxic species. The ubiquitin‐dependent degradation of Tau is regulated in vivo by the E3 ligase CHIP, a quality controller of the cell proteome dedicated to target misfolded proteins for degradation. In our study, by using site‐resolved NMR, biochemical and computational methods, we elucidate the structural determinants underlying the molecular recognition between the ligase and its intrinsically disordered substrate. We reveal a multi‐domain dynamic interaction that explains how CHIP can direct ubiquitination of Tau at multiple sites even in the absence of chaperones, including its typical partner Hsp70/Hsc70. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insight into the chaperone‐independent engagement of a disordered protein by its E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Luca Mollica
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Valente
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics Center University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
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10
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Johnson OT, Nadel CM, Carroll EC, Arhar T, Gestwicki JE. Two distinct classes of cochaperones compete for the EEVD motif in heat shock protein 70 to tune its chaperone activities. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101697. [PMID: 35148989 PMCID: PMC8913300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family engage in protein-protein interactions with many cochaperones. One "hotspot" for cochaperone binding is the EEVD motif, found at the extreme C terminus of cytoplasmic Hsp70s. This motif is known to bind tetratricopeptide repeat domain cochaperones, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. In addition, the EEVD motif also interacts with a structurally distinct domain that is present in class B J-domain proteins, such as DnaJB4. These observations suggest that CHIP and DnaJB4 might compete for binding to Hsp70's EEVD motif; however, the molecular determinants of such competition are not clear. Using a collection of EEVD-derived peptides, including mutations and truncations, we explored which residues are critical for binding to both CHIP and DnaJB4. These results revealed that some features, such as the C-terminal carboxylate, are important for both interactions. However, CHIP and DnaJB4 also had unique preferences, especially at the isoleucine position immediately adjacent to the EEVD. Finally, we show that competition between these cochaperones is important in vitro, as DnaJB4 limits the ubiquitination activity of the Hsp70-CHIP complex, whereas CHIP suppresses the client refolding activity of the Hsp70-DnaJB4 complex. Together, these data suggest that the EEVD motif has evolved to support diverse protein-protein interactions, such that competition between cochaperones may help guide whether Hsp70-bound proteins are folded or degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleta T Johnson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cory M Nadel
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emma C Carroll
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Taylor Arhar
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Chemistry, Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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11
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Munari F, Mollica L, Valente C, Parolini F, Kachoie EA, Arrigoni G, D'Onofrio M, Capaldi S, Assfalg M. Structural Basis for Chaperone‐Independent Ubiquitination of Tau Protein by Its E3 Ligase CHIP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Luca Mollica
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Valente
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Parolini
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Elham Ataie Kachoie
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
- Proteomics Center University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
| | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology University of Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 37134 Verona Italy
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12
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Karunanayake C, Page RC. Cytosolic protein quality control machinery: Interactions of Hsp70 with a network of co-chaperones and substrates. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1419-1434. [PMID: 33730888 PMCID: PMC8243209 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221999812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and its network of co-chaperones serve as a central hub of cellular protein quality control mechanisms. Domain organization in Hsp70 dictates ATPase activity, ATP dependent allosteric regulation, client/substrate binding and release, and interactions with co-chaperones. The protein quality control activities of Hsp70 are classified as foldase, holdase, and disaggregase activities. Co-chaperones directly assisting protein refolding included J domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors. However, co-chaperones can also be grouped and explored based on which domain of Hsp70 they interact. Here we discuss how the network of cytosolic co-chaperones for Hsp70 contributes to the functions of Hsp70 while closely looking at their structural features. Comparison of domain organization and the structures of co-chaperones enables greater understanding of the interactions, mechanisms of action, and roles played in protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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13
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Tying up loose ends: the N-degron and C-degron pathways of protein degradation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1557-1567. [PMID: 32627813 PMCID: PMC7458402 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is thought to be governed primarily by the recognition of specific motifs — degrons — present in substrate proteins. The ends of proteins — the N- and C-termini – have unique properties, and an important subset of protein–protein interactions involve the recognition of free termini. The first degrons to be discovered were located at the extreme N-terminus of proteins, a finding which initiated the study of the N-degron (formerly N-end rule) pathways, but only in the last few years has it emerged that a diverse set of C-degron pathways target analogous degron motifs located at the extreme C-terminus of proteins. In this minireview we summarise the N-degron and C-degron pathways currently known to operate in human cells, focussing primarily on those that have been discovered in recent years. In each case we describe the cellular machinery responsible for terminal degron recognition, and then consider some of the functional roles of terminal degron pathways. Altogether, a broad spectrum of E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate the recognition of a diverse array of terminal degron motifs; these degradative pathways have the potential to influence a wide variety of cellular functions.
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14
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Maron BA. Clarifying the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Molecular Landscape Using Functional Genetics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:488-490. [PMID: 32453600 PMCID: PMC7427395 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1411ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Massachusettsand.,Department of CardiologyBoston VA Healthcare SystemBoston, Massachusetts
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15
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Gonçalves CDC, Pinheiro GMS, Dahlström KM, Souto DEP, Kubota LT, Barbosa LRS, Ramos CHI. On the structure and function of Sorghum bicolor CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein): A link between chaperone and proteasome systems. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110506. [PMID: 32540021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The co-chaperone CHIP (carboxy terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein) is very important for many cell activities since it regulates the ubiquitination of substrates targeted for proteasomal degradation. However, information on the structure-function relationship of CHIP from plants and how it interacts and ubiquitinates other plant chaperones is still needed. For that, the CHIP ortholog from Sorghum bicolor (SbCHIP) was identified and studied in detail. SbCHIP was purified and produced folded and pure, being capable of keeping its structural conformation up to 42 °C, indicating that cellular function is maintained even in a hot environment. Also, SbCHIP was able to bind plant Hsp70 and Hsp90 with high affinity and interact with E2 enzymes, performing E3 ligase activity. The data allowed to reveal the pattern of plant Hsp70 and Hsp90 ubiquitination and described which plant E2 enzymes are likely involved in SbCHIP-mediated ubiquitination. Aditionally, we obtained information on the SbCHIP conformation, showing that it is a non-globular symmetric dimer and allowing to put forward a model for the interaction of SbCHIP with chaperones and E2 enzymes that suggests a mechanism of ubiquitination. Altogether, the results presented here are useful additions to the study of protein folding and degradation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glaucia M S Pinheiro
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Käthe M Dahlström
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dênio E P Souto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lauro T Kubota
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro R S Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carlos H I Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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16
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Wang T, Wang W, Wang Q, Xie R, Landay A, Chen D. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP in normal cell function and in disease conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1460:3-10. [PMID: 31414713 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation is an essential mechanism for regulating protein functions. For example, critical signaling proteins play their roles by controlling different cellular functions. Once a signaling protein has been activated, its activity needs to be quickly downregulated by different mechanisms, including ubiquitination/proteasome regulation. Failure to regulate the activity or expression levels of these proteins may cause human diseases. Protein ubiquitination involves a cascade of biochemical processes and requires three types of ubiquitin enzymes: E1 activating enzyme, E2 conjugating enzyme, and E3 ligase. Among these enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases play a specific role in recognizing specific protein substrates. There are several structurally diverse groups of E3 ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotic cells, and one type of these E3 ligases is the U-box ubiquitin ligases. Carboxyl terminus of HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a member of a family of U-box E3 ligases. It plays critical roles in multiple organs and tissues in the body. In this review article, we provide an update on some of the most recent discoveries about CHIP in normal physiological function and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qishan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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17
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Ravalin M, Theofilas P, Basu K, Opoku-Nsiah KA, Assimon VA, Medina-Cleghorn D, Chen YF, Bohn MF, Arkin M, Grinberg LT, Craik CS, Gestwicki JE. Specificity for latent C termini links the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP to caspases. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:786-794. [PMID: 31320752 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions between E3 ubiquitin ligases and protein termini help shape the proteome. These interactions are sensitive to proteolysis, which alters the ensemble of cellular N and C termini. Here we describe a mechanism wherein caspase activity reveals latent C termini that are then recognized by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Using expanded knowledge of CHIP's binding specificity, we predicted hundreds of putative interactions arising from caspase activity. Subsequent validation experiments confirmed that CHIP binds the latent C termini at tauD421 and caspase-6D179. CHIP binding to tauD421, but not tauFL, promoted its ubiquitination, while binding to caspase-6D179 mediated ubiquitin-independent inhibition. Given that caspase activity generates tauD421 in Alzheimer's disease (AD), these results suggested a concise model for CHIP regulation of tau homeostasis. Indeed, we find that loss of CHIP expression in AD coincides with the accumulation of tauD421 and caspase-6D179. These results illustrate an unanticipated link between caspases and protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ravalin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Panagiotis Theofilas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Koli Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kwadwo A Opoku-Nsiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A Assimon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Medina-Cleghorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of California San Francisco Summer Research Training Program, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markus F Bohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Arkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Sandler Neuroscience Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Sandler Neuroscience Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Binding properties of the quaternary assembly protein SPAG1. Biochem J 2019; 476:1679-1694. [PMID: 31118266 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cells, many constituents are able to assemble resulting in large macromolecular machineries possessing very specific biological and physiological functions, e.g. ribosome, spliceosome and proteasome. Assembly of such entities is commonly mediated by transient protein factors. SPAG1 is a multidomain protein, known to participate in the assembly of both the inner and outer dynein arms. These arms are required for the function of sensitive and motile cells. Together with RUVBL1, RUVBL2 and PIH1D2, SPAG1 is a key element of R2SP, a protein complex assisting the quaternary assembly of specific protein clients in a tissue-specific manner and associating with heat shock proteins (HSPs) and regulators. In this study, we have investigated the role of TPR domains of SPAG1 in the recruitment of HSP chaperones by combining biochemical assays, ITC, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. First, we propose that only two, out of the three TPR domains, are able to recruit the protein chaperones HSP70 and HSP90. We then focused on one of these TPR domains and elucidated its 3D structure using NMR spectroscopy. Relying on an NMR-driven docking approach and MD simulations, we deciphered its binding interface with the C-terminal tails of both HSP70 and HSP90. Finally, we addressed the biological function of SPAG1 and specifically demonstrated that a SPAG1 sub-fragment, containing a putative P-loop motif, cannot efficiently bind and hydrolyze GTP in vitro Our data challenge the interpretation of SPAG1 possessing GTPase activity. We propose instead that SPAG1 regulates nucleotide hydrolysis activity of the HSP and RUVBL1/2 partners.
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19
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The Role of Ubiquitination in Regulating Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112667. [PMID: 31151253 PMCID: PMC6600158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates nearly every aspect of cellular events in eukaryotes. It modifies intracellular proteins with 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub) and destines them for proteolysis or activity alteration. Ubiquitination is generally achieved by a tri-enzyme machinery involving ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3). E1 activates Ub and transfers it to the active cysteine site of E2 via a transesterification reaction. E3 coordinates with E2 to mediate isopeptide bond formation between Ub and substrate protein. The E1-E2-E3 cascade can create diverse types of Ub modifications, hence effecting distinct outcomes on the substrate proteins. Dysregulation of ubiquitination results in severe consequences and human diseases. There include cancers, developmental defects and immune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the ubiquitination machinery and discuss the recent progresses in the ubiquitination-mediated regulation of embryonic stem cell maintenance and cancer biology.
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20
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Seo J, Han SY, Seong D, Han HJ, Song J. Multifaceted C-terminus of HSP70-interacting protein regulates tumorigenesis via protein quality control. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:63-75. [PMID: 30600426 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
C-terminus of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-interacting protein (CHIP) is an E3 ligase involved in a variety of protein homeostasis events implicated in diverse signaling pathways. Its involvement in varied and even opposite signaling circuits might be due to its hallmark signature of associating with molecular chaperones, including HSP90 and HSP70. Together, these proteins may be pivotal in implementing protein quality control. A curious and puzzling aspect of the function of CHIP is its capability to induce protein degradation via the proteasome- or lysosome-dependent pathways. In addition, these pathways are combined with ubiquitin-dependent or -independent pathways. This review focuses on the role of CHIP in the development or suppression of tumorigenesis. CHIP can act as a tumor suppressor by downregulating various oncogenes. CHIP also displays an oncogenic feature involving the inhibition of diverse tumor suppressors, including proteins related to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The ability of CHIP to exhibit dual roles in determining the fate of cells has not been studied analytically. However, its association with various proteins involved in protein quality control might play a major role. In this review, the mechanistic roles of CHIP in tumor formation based on the regulation of diverse proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Daehyeon Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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21
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Long Y, Chen W, Du Q, Zuo X, Zhu H. Ubiquitination in Scleroderma Fibrosis and Its Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2383. [PMID: 30386338 PMCID: PMC6199354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) is a highly heterogeneous rheumatic disease, and uncontrolled fibrosis in visceral organs is the major cause of death in patients. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, along with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), play crucial roles in this fibrotic process. Currently, no therapy is available that effectively arrests or reverses the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc. Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that controls many critical cellular functions. Dysregulated ubiquitination events have been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and fibrotic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the ubiquitination pathway have considerable potential for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. However, very few studies have examined the role and mechanism of ubiquitination in patients with SSc. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination in patients with SSc and explore the potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Structural components involved in plastid protein import. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:65-75. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Import of preproteins into chloroplasts is an essential process, requiring two major multisubunit protein complexes that are embedded in the outer and inner chloroplast envelope membrane. Both the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane (Toc), as well as the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane (Tic) have been studied intensively with respect to their individual subunit compositions, functions and regulations. Recent advances in crystallography have increased our understanding of the operation of these proteins in terms of their interactions and regulation by conformational switching. Several subdomains of components of the Toc translocon have been studied at the structural level, among them the polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domain of the channel protein Toc75 and the GTPase domain of Toc34. In this review, we summarize and discuss the insight that has been gained from these structural analyses. In addition, we present the crystal structure of the Toc64 tetratrico-peptide repeat (TPR) domain in complex with the C-terminal domains of the heat-shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp90 and Hsp70.
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23
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Kopp Y, Lang WH, Schuster TB, Martínez-Limón A, Hofbauer HF, Ernst R, Calloni G, Vabulas RM. CHIP as a membrane-shuttling proteostasis sensor. eLife 2017; 6:e29388. [PMID: 29091030 PMCID: PMC5665643 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to protein misfolding and aggregation in the cytosol by adjusting gene transcription and a number of post-transcriptional processes. In parallel to functional reactions, cellular structure changes as well; however, the mechanisms underlying the early adaptation of cellular compartments to cytosolic protein misfolding are less clear. Here we show that the mammalian ubiquitin ligase C-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), if freed from chaperones during acute stress, can dock on cellular membranes thus performing a proteostasis sensor function. We reconstituted this process in vitro and found that mainly phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate enhance association of chaperone-free CHIP with liposomes. HSP70 and membranes compete for mutually exclusive binding to the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of CHIP. At new cellular locations, access to compartment-specific substrates would enable CHIP to participate in the reorganization of the respective organelles, as exemplified by the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (effector function).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kopp
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Wei-Han Lang
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Tobias B Schuster
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Adrián Martínez-Limón
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Harald F Hofbauer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Robert Ernst
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Giulia Calloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - R Martin Vabulas
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Biophysical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
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24
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Combined x-ray crystallography and computational modeling approach to investigate the Hsp90 C-terminal peptide binding to FKBP51. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14288. [PMID: 29079741 PMCID: PMC5660230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
FK506 binding protein of 51 kDa (FKBP51) is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) co-chaperone involved in the regulation of steroid hormone receptors activity. It is known for its role in various regulatory pathways implicated in mood and stress-related disorders, cancer, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease and corticosteroid resistant asthma. It consists of two FKBP12 like active peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) domains (an active FK1 and inactive FK2 domain) and one tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain that mediates interaction with Hsp90 via its C-terminal MEEVD peptide. Here, we report a combined x-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics study to reveal the binding mechanism of Hsp90 MEEVD peptide to the TPR domain of FKBP51. The results demonstrated that the Hsp90 C-terminal peptide binds to the TPR domain of FKBP51 with the help of di-carboxylate clamp involving Lys272, Glu273, Lys352, Asn322, and Lys329 which are conserved throughout several di-carboxylate clamp TPR proteins. Interestingly, the results from molecular dynamics study are also in agreement to the complex structure where all the contacts between these two partners were consistent throughout the simulation period. In a nutshell, our findings provide new opportunity to engage this important protein-protein interaction target by small molecules designed by structure based drug design strategy.
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25
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Krysztofinska EM, Evans NJ, Thapaliya A, Murray JW, Morgan RML, Martinez-Lumbreras S, Isaacson RL. Structure and Interactions of the TPR Domain of Sgt2 with Yeast Chaperones and Ybr137wp. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:68. [PMID: 29075633 PMCID: PMC5641545 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 (Sgt2) is a multi-module co-chaperone involved in several protein quality control pathways. The TPR domain of Sgt2 and several other proteins, including SGTA, Hop, and CHIP, is a highly conserved motif known to form transient complexes with molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 and Hsp90. In this work, we present the first high resolution crystal structures of Sgt2_TPR alone and in complex with a C-terminal peptide PTVEEVD from heat shock protein, Ssa1. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, we demonstrate that Sgt2_TPR interacts with peptides corresponding to the C-termini of Ssa1, Hsc82, and Ybr137wp with similar binding modes and affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Thapaliya
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James W Murray
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri M L Morgan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rivka L Isaacson
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Seo TW, Lee JS, Choi YN, Jeong DH, Lee SK, Yoo SJ. A novel function of cIAP1 as a mediator of CHIP-driven eIF4E regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9816. [PMID: 28852129 PMCID: PMC5575267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
eIF4E is an initiator protein in cap-dependent translation. Its overexpression is linked to tumorigenesis in various human cancers, suggesting that the levels of eIF4E must be under tight control in normal cells. Although several eIF4E regulatory mechanisms have been demonstrated, the intracellular mechanisms controlling eIF4E protein levels remain poorly understood. Here, we report that eIF4E is efficiently regulated by dual mechanisms, both involving human inhibitor of apoptosis family protein cIAP1. cIAP1 itself ubiquitinates eIF4E as an E3 ligase, and interestingly, cIAP1 also functions as a mediator to present eIF4E to another E3 ligase, CHIP. This collaborative activity of cIAP1 and CHIP directs eIF4E toward degradation, controlling its levels and suppressing tumorigenesis. Our results provide the first evidence for a mediator function of cIAP1 and collaborative activity of cIAP1 and CHIP, suggesting that maintaining balanced levels of these E3 ligases might be beneficial for normal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woong Seo
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.,Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ye Na Choi
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Dar Heum Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sun Kyung Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Soon Ji Yoo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea. .,Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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27
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Pakdaman Y, Sanchez-Guixé M, Kleppe R, Erdal S, Bustad HJ, Bjørkhaug L, Haugarvoll K, Tzoulis C, Heimdal K, Knappskog PM, Johansson S, Aukrust I. In vitro characterization of six STUB1 variants in spinocerebellar ataxia 16 reveals altered structural properties for the encoded CHIP proteins. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170251. [PMID: 28396517 PMCID: PMC5408658 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 16 (SCAR16) is caused by biallelic mutations in the STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1) gene encoding the ubiquitin E3 ligase and dimeric co-chaperone C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP). It has been proposed that the disease mechanism is related to CHIP's impaired E3 ubiquitin ligase properties and/or interaction with its chaperones. However, there is limited knowledge on how these mutations affect the stability, folding, and protein structure of CHIP itself. To gain further insight, six previously reported pathogenic STUB1 variants (E28K, N65S, K145Q, M211I, S236T, and T246M) were expressed as recombinant proteins and studied using limited proteolysis, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and circular dichroism (CD). Our results reveal that N65S shows increased CHIP dimerization, higher levels of α-helical content, and decreased degradation rate compared with wild-type (WT) CHIP. By contrast, T246M demonstrates a strong tendency for aggregation, a more flexible protein structure, decreased levels of α-helical structures, and increased degradation rate compared with WT CHIP. E28K, K145Q, M211I, and S236T also show defects on structural properties compared with WT CHIP, although less profound than what observed for N65S and T246M. In conclusion, our results illustrate that some STUB1 mutations known to cause recessive SCAR16 have a profound impact on the protein structure, stability, and ability of CHIP to dimerize in vitro. These results add to the growing understanding on the mechanisms behind the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Pakdaman
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Sanchez-Guixé
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Kleppe
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrid Erdal
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helene J Bustad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristoffer Haugarvoll
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil Heimdal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Knappskog
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Zuiderweg ERP, Hightower LE, Gestwicki JE. The remarkable multivalency of the Hsp70 chaperones. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:173-189. [PMID: 28220454 PMCID: PMC5352603 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 proteins are key to maintaining intracellular protein homeostasis. To carry out this task, they employ a large number of cochaperones and adapter proteins. Here, we review what is known about the interaction between the chaperones and partners, with a strong slant toward structural biology. Hsp70s in general, and Hsc70 (HSPA8) in particular, display an amazing array of interfaces with their protein cofactors. We also review the known interactions between Hsp70s with lipids and with active compounds that may become leads toward Hsp70 modulation for treatment of a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R P Zuiderweg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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29
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VanPelt J, Page RC. Unraveling the CHIP:Hsp70 complex as an information processor for protein quality control. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:133-141. [PMID: 27863257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The CHIP:Hsp70 complex stands at the crossroads of the cellular protein quality control system. Hsp70 facilitates active refolding of misfolded client proteins, while CHIP directs ubiquitination of misfolded client proteins bound to Hsp70. The direct competition between CHIP and Hsp70 for the fate of misfolded proteins leads to the question: how does the CHIP:Hsp70 complex execute triage decisions that direct misfolded proteins for either refolding or degradation? The current body of literature points toward action of the CHIP:Hsp70 complex as an information processor that takes inputs in the form of client folding state, dynamics, and posttranslational modifications, then outputs either refolded or ubiquitinated client proteins. Herein we examine the CHIP:Hsp70 complex beginning with the structure and function of CHIP and Hsp70, followed by an examination of recent studies of the interactions and dynamics of the CHIP:Hsp70 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie VanPelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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30
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Recognition of enzymes lacking bound cofactor by protein quality control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12156-12161. [PMID: 27733512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611994113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein biogenesis is tightly linked to protein quality control (PQC). The role of PQC machinery in recognizing faulty polypeptides is becoming increasingly understood. Molecular chaperones and cytosolic and vacuolar degradation systems collaborate to detect, repair, or hydrolyze mutant, damaged, and mislocalized proteins. On the other hand, the contribution of PQC to cofactor binding-related enzyme maturation remains largely unexplored, although the loading of a cofactor represents an all-or-nothing transition in regard to the enzymatic function and thus must be surveyed carefully. Combining proteomics and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate here that cells are able to detect functionally immature wild-type enzymes. We show that PQC-dedicated ubiquitin ligase C-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) recognizes and marks for degradation not only a mutant protein but also its wild-type variant as long as the latter remains cofactor free. A distinct structural feature, the protruding C-terminal tail, which appears in both the mutant and wild-type polypeptides, contributes to recognition by CHIP. Our data suggest that relative insufficiency of apoprotein degradation caused by cofactor shortage can increase amyloidogenesis and aggravate protein aggregation disorders.
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31
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CHIP mediates down-regulation of nucleobindin-1 in preosteoblast cell line models. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1058-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Kurozumi S, Yamaguchi Y, Hayashi SI, Hiyoshi H, Suda T, Gohno T, Matsumoto H, Takei H, Horiguchi J, Takeyoshi I, Oyama T, Kurosumi M. Prognostic value of the ubiquitin ligase carboxyl terminus of the Hsc70-interacting protein in postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1873-82. [PMID: 27334118 PMCID: PMC4971916 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxyl terminus of the Hsc70‐interacting protein (CHIP) is considered to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of several oncogenic proteins, and play a role in the inhibition of tumor progression and invasion under experimental conditions. However, the impact of CHIP expression on the prognosis of breast cancer patients has not yet been established. In this study, using an immunohistochemical method, 272 patients with invasive breast cancer were assessed for the expression of CHIP (graded scores 0‐3) and the statuses of biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2. The relationships between the statuses of CHIP and biomarkers as well as clinical features were also evaluated, and that between the expression of CHIP and patient prognosis was analyzed. We revealed that the strong expression of CHIP correlated with positive ER (P < 0.001), positive PgR (P < 0.001), and negative HER2 (P = 0.02). In postmenopausal patients, relapse‐free survival (RFS) was significantly better in the high CHIP group than in the low CHIP group (P = 0.042). In addition, RFS and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were significantly better in patients with ER‐positive/CHIP score 3 tumors than in those with ER‐negative/CHIP score 0 tumors (RFS: P = 0.038, CSS: P = 0.0098). The methylation status of CHIP gene promoter did not always account for the down‐regulation of its expression. In conclusion, the overexpression of CHIP is a potent prognostic factor of a good prognosis in ER‐positive breast cancer patients in the postmenopausal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasagu Kurozumi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan.,Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiyoshi
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Suda
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Gohno
- Department of Molecular and Functional Dynamics, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurosumi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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33
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Assimon VA, Southworth DR, Gestwicki JE. Specific Binding of Tetratricopeptide Repeat Proteins to Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) and Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Is Regulated by Affinity and Phosphorylation. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7120-31. [PMID: 26565746 PMCID: PMC4714923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) require the help of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain-containing cochaperones for many of their functions. Each monomer of Hsp70 or Hsp90 can interact with only a single TPR cochaperone at a time, and each member of the TPR cochaperone family brings distinct functions to the complex. Thus, competition for TPR binding sites on Hsp70 and Hsp90 appears to shape chaperone activity. Recent structural and biophysical efforts have improved our understanding of chaperone-TPR contacts, focusing on the C-terminal EEVD motif that is present in both chaperones. To better understand these important protein-protein interactions on a wider scale, we measured the affinity of five TPR cochaperones, CHIP, Hop, DnaJC7, FKBP51, and FKBP52, for the C-termini of four members of the chaperone family, Hsc70, Hsp72, Hsp90α, and Hsp90β, in vitro. These studies identified some surprising selectivity among the chaperone-TPR pairs, including the selective binding of FKBP51/52 to Hsp90α/β. These results also revealed that other TPR cochaperones are only able to weakly discriminate between the chaperones or between their paralogs. We also explored whether mimicking phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues near the EEVD motif might impact affinity and found that pseudophosphorylation had selective effects on binding to CHIP but not other cochaperones. Together, these findings suggest that both intrinsic affinity and post-translational modifications tune the interactions between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins and the TPR cochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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34
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Narayan V, Landré V, Ning J, Hernychova L, Muller P, Verma C, Walkinshaw MD, Blackburn EA, Ball KL. Protein-Protein Interactions Modulate the Docking-Dependent E3-Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Carboxy-Terminus of Hsc70-Interacting Protein (CHIP). Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2973-87. [PMID: 26330542 PMCID: PMC4638040 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
CHIP is a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain protein that functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase. As well as linking the molecular chaperones to the ubiquitin proteasome system, CHIP also has a docking-dependent mode where it ubiquitinates native substrates, thereby regulating their steady state levels and/or function. Here we explore the effect of Hsp70 on the docking-dependent E3-ligase activity of CHIP. The TPR-domain is revealed as a binding site for allosteric modulators involved in determining CHIP's dynamic conformation and activity. Biochemical, biophysical and modeling evidence demonstrate that Hsp70-binding to the TPR, or Hsp70-mimetic mutations, regulate CHIP-mediated ubiquitination of p53 and IRF-1 through effects on U-box activity and substrate binding. HDX-MS was used to establish that conformational-inhibition-signals extended from the TPR-domain to the U-box. This underscores inter-domain allosteric regulation of CHIP by the core molecular chaperones. Defining the chaperone-associated TPR-domain of CHIP as a manager of inter-domain communication highlights the potential for scaffolding modules to regulate, as well as assemble, complexes that are fundamental to protein homeostatic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Narayan
- From the ‡IGMM, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Vivien Landré
- From the ‡IGMM, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jia Ning
- From the ‡IGMM, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; §CTCB, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Lenka Hernychova
- ¶Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Muller
- ¶Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chandra Verma
- ‖Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, 07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nayang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Malcolm D Walkinshaw
- §CTCB, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- §CTCB, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Kathryn L Ball
- From the ‡IGMM, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
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35
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Prince C, Jia Z. An Unexpected Duo: Rubredoxin Binds Nine TPR Motifs to Form LapB, an Essential Regulator of Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis. Structure 2015; 23:1500-1506. [PMID: 26190574 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis and export are essential pathways for bacterial growth, proliferation, and virulence. The essential protein LapB from Escherichia coli has recently been identified as a regulator of LPS synthesis. We have determined the crystal structure of LapB (without the N-terminal transmembrane helix) at 2 Å resolution using zinc single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing derived from a single bound zinc atom. This structure demonstrates the presence of nine tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) motifs, including two TPR folds that were not predicted from sequence, and a rubredoxin-type metal binding domain. The rubredoxin domain is bound intimately to the TPR motifs, which has not been previously observed or predicted. Mutations in the rubredoxin/TPR interface inhibit in vivo cell growth, and in vitro studies indicate that these modifications cause local displacement of rubredoxin from its binding site without changing the secondary structure of LapB. LapB is the first reported structure to contain both a rubredoxin domain and TPR motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsy Prince
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Zongchao Jia
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada.
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36
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Xie J, Gu J. Identification of C-terminal Hsp70-interacting protein as a mediator of tumour necrosis factor action in osteoblast differentiation by targeting osterix for degradation. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1814-24. [PMID: 25818514 PMCID: PMC4549032 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with inflammatory arthritis, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α are overproduced in inflamed joints. This leads to local erosion of cartilage and bone, periarticular osteopenia, as well as osteoporosis. But less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effect of TNF-α on osteoblast function. The purpose of this study was to test that C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) has a specific role in suppressing the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under inflammatory conditions. C2C12, MC3T3-E1 and HEK293T cell lines were cultured and cotransfected with related plasmids. After transfection, the cells were cultured further in the presence or absence of murine TNF-α and subjected to real time RT-PCR, Western blot, Ubiquitination assay, Co-immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter assay, Small interfering RNAs and Mineralization assay. The expression levels of TNF-α-induced CHIP and Osx were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays revealed ubiquitinated Osx, confirmed that CHIP indeed interacted with Osx and identified K55 and K386 residues as the ubiquitination sites in Osx, Luciferase reporter assay and Small interfering RNAs examined whether TNF-α target the bone morphogenetic protein signalling through CHIP. We established stable cell lines with the overexpression of HA-CHIP, Mineralization assay and CHIP siRNA demonstrated the important roles of CHIP on osteoblast function in conditions in which TNF-α is overexpressed. We found that the K55 and K386 residues are ubiquitination site(s) in Osx, and that TNF-α inhibits osteoblast differentiation by promoting Osx degradation through up-regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP in osteoblast. Thus, CHIP targets Osx for ubiquitination and degradation in osteoblasts after chronic exposure to TNF-α, and inhibition of CHIP expression in osteoblasts may be a new mechanism to limit inflammation-mediated osteoporosis by promoting their differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Zhang H, Amick J, Chakravarti R, Santarriaga S, Schlanger S, McGlone C, Dare M, Nix JC, Scaglione KM, Stuehr DJ, Misra S, Page RC. A bipartite interaction between Hsp70 and CHIP regulates ubiquitination of chaperoned client proteins. Structure 2015; 23:472-482. [PMID: 25684577 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase CHIP plays an important role in cytosolic protein quality control by ubiquitinating proteins chaperoned by Hsp70/Hsc70 and Hsp90, thereby targeting such substrate proteins for degradation. We present a 2.91 Å resolution structure of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of CHIP in complex with the α-helical lid subdomain and unstructured tail of Hsc70. Surprisingly, the CHIP-TPR interacts with determinants within both the Hsc70-lid subdomain and the C-terminal PTIEEVD motif of the tail, exhibiting an atypical mode of interaction between chaperones and TPR domains. We demonstrate that the interaction between CHIP and the Hsc70-lid subdomain is required for proper ubiquitination of Hsp70/Hsc70 or Hsp70/Hsc70-bound substrate proteins. Posttranslational modifications of the Hsc70 lid and tail disrupt key contacts with the CHIP-TPR and may regulate CHIP-mediated ubiquitination. Our study shows how CHIP docks onto Hsp70/Hsc70 and defines a bipartite mode of interaction between TPR domains and their binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Joseph Amick
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cameron McGlone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michelle Dare
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Beamline 4.2.2, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K Matthew Scaglione
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Saurav Misra
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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38
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Young JC. The role of the cytosolic HSP70 chaperone system in diseases caused by misfolding and aberrant trafficking of ion channels. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:319-29. [PMID: 24609033 PMCID: PMC3944492 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-folding diseases are an ongoing medical challenge. Many diseases within this group are genetically determined, and have no known cure. Among the examples in which the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are well understood are diseases driven by misfolding of transmembrane proteins that normally function as cell-surface ion channels. Wild-type forms are synthesized and integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane system and, upon correct folding, are trafficked by the secretory pathway to the cell surface. Misfolded mutant forms traffic poorly, if at all, and are instead degraded by the ER-associated proteasomal degradation (ERAD) system. Molecular chaperones can assist the folding of the cytosolic domains of these transmembrane proteins; however, these chaperones are also involved in selecting misfolded forms for ERAD. Given this dual role of chaperones, diseases caused by the misfolding and aberrant trafficking of ion channels (referred to here as ion-channel-misfolding diseases) can be regarded as a consequence of insufficiency of the pro-folding chaperone activity and/or overefficiency of the chaperone ERAD role. An attractive idea is that manipulation of the chaperones might allow increased folding and trafficking of the mutant proteins, and thereby partial restoration of function. This Review outlines the roles of the cytosolic HSP70 chaperone system in the best-studied paradigms of ion-channel-misfolding disease--the CFTR chloride channel in cystic fibrosis and the hERG potassium channel in cardiac long QT syndrome type 2. In addition, other ion channels implicated in ion-channel-misfolding diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Young
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
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Seneci P. Targeting Proteasomal Degradation of Soluble, Misfolded Proteins. CHEMICAL MODULATORS OF PROTEIN MISFOLDING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE 2015. [PMCID: PMC7150093 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801944-3.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This chapter deals with small molecule modulators of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). They are designed to restore its impaired capacity to dispose of soluble, dysfunctional protein copies, and to fight its pathological impairment in proteinopathies in general and in tauopathies in particular. Two specific molecular targets belonging to the U-box E3 ligase family (C-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein, CHIP) and to the proteasome-associated cysteine protease DUB family (USP14) are selected for their putative role against NDDs and tauopathies. The limited available structural information for the two targets, and for their interactions with members of UPS-driven protein complexes, is described. A small number of known modulators for each target (or even for structurally related targets, possibly to provide translatable examples) are portrayed in terms of their biological profile, and of their development potential as disease-modifying drugs against NDDs.
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Paul I, Ghosh MK. A CHIPotle in physiology and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 58:37-52. [PMID: 25448416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein (CHIP) is known to function as a chaperone associated E3 ligase for several proteins and regulates a variety of physiological processes. Being a connecting link between molecular chaperones and 26S proteasomes, it is widely regarded as the central player in the cellular protein quality control system. Recent analyses have provided new insights on the biochemical and functional dynamics of CHIP. In this review article, we give a comprehensive account of our current knowledge on the biology of CHIP, which apart from shedding light on fundamental biological questions promises to provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Heimdal K, Sanchez-Guixé M, Aukrust I, Bollerslev J, Bruland O, Jablonski GE, Erichsen AK, Gude E, Koht JA, Erdal S, Fiskerstrand T, Haukanes BI, Boman H, Bjørkhaug L, Tallaksen CME, Knappskog PM, Johansson S. STUB1 mutations in autosomal recessive ataxias - evidence for mutation-specific clinical heterogeneity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:146. [PMID: 25258038 PMCID: PMC4181732 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of hereditary cerebellar ataxias is inherited as autosomal recessive traits (ARCAs). Classification of recessive ataxias due to phenotypic differences in the cerebellum and cerebellar structures is constantly evolving due to new identified disease genes. Recently, reports have linked mutations in genes involved in ubiquitination (RNF216, OTUD4, STUB1) to ARCA with hypogonadism. METHODS AND RESULTS With a combination of homozygozity mapping and exome sequencing, we identified three mutations in STUB1 in two families with ARCA and cognitive impairment; a homozygous missense variant (c.194A > G, p.Asn65Ser) that segregated in three affected siblings, and a missense change (c.82G > A, p.Glu28Lys) which was inherited in trans with a nonsense mutation (c.430A > T, p.Lys144Ter) in another patient. STUB1 encodes CHIP (C-terminus of Heat shock protein 70 - Interacting Protein), a dual function protein with a role in ubiquitination as a co-chaperone with heat shock proteins, and as an E3 ligase. We show that the p.Asn65Ser substitution impairs CHIP's ability to ubiquitinate HSC70 in vitro, despite being able to self-ubiquitinate. These results are consistent with previous studies highlighting this as a critical residue for the interaction between CHIP and its co-chaperones. Furthermore, we show that the levels of CHIP are strongly reduced in vivo in patients' fibroblasts compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that STUB1 mutations might cause disease by impacting not only the E3 ligase function, but also its protein interaction properties and protein amount. Whether the clinical heterogeneity seen in STUB1 ARCA can be related to the location of the mutations remains to be understood, but interestingly, all siblings with the p.Asn65Ser substitution showed a marked appearance of accelerated aging not previously described in STUB1 related ARCA, none display hormonal aberrations/clinical hypogonadism while some affected family members had diabetes, alopecia, uveitis and ulcerative colitis, further refining the spectrum of STUB1 related disease.
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Liang D, Hu H, Li S, Dong J, Wang X, Wang Y, He L, He Z, Gao Y, Gao SJ, Lan K. Oncogenic herpesvirus KSHV Hijacks BMP-Smad1-Id signaling to promote tumorigenesis. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004253. [PMID: 25010525 PMCID: PMC4092152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a malignancy commonly found in AIDS patients. Whether KS is a true neoplasm or hyperplasia has been a subject of intensive debate until recently when KSHV is unequivocally shown to efficiently infect, immortalize and transform rat primary mesenchymal precursor cells (MM). Moreover, KSHV-transformed MM cells (KMM) efficiently induce tumors with hallmark features of KS when inoculated into nude mice. Here, we showed Smad1 as a novel binding protein of KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). LANA interacted with and sustained BMP-activated p-Smad1 in the nucleus and enhanced its loading on the Id promoters. As a result, Ids were significantly up-regulated in KMM cells and abundantly expressed in human KS lesions. Strikingly, genetic and chemical inhibition of the BMP-Smad1-Id pathway blocked the oncogenic phenotype of KSHV-transformed cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings illustrate a novel mechanism by which a tumor virus hijacks and converts a developmental pathway into an indispensable oncogenic pathway for tumorigenesis. Importantly, our results demonstrate the efficacy of targeting the BMP-Smad1-Id pathway for inhibiting the growth of KSHV-induced tumors, and therefore identify the BMP pathway as a promising therapeutic target for KS. Although KSHV exerts multiple mechanisms to promote cell survival by repressing TGF-β signaling, little is known whether KSHV manipulates BMP signaling and contributes to the pathogenesis of KSHV-induced malignancies. In the present study, we have identified Smad1 as a novel binding protein of LANA by tandem affinity purification. We demonstrated that LANA up-regulated Id transcription through BMP-Smad1-Id signaling pathway. Id proteins were significantly up-regulated in KSHV-transformed MM (KMM) cells, and were abundantly expressed in human KS lesions; therefore, they were probably relevant to the development of KS. Importantly, we have shown that Ids are required to maintain the oncogenic phenotype of KMM cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings illustrate a novel mechanism by which a tumor virus hijacks and converts a developmental pathway into an indispensable oncogenic pathway for tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we showed that BMP signaling inhibitors dramatically hampered the tumorigenicity of KMM cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that small inhibitors targeting BMP-Smad1-Id signaling pathway are promising candidates for the treatment of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJG); (KL)
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SJG); (KL)
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Choi YN, Lee SK, Seo TW, Lee JS, Yoo SJ. C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein regulates profilin1 and breast cancer cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1060-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wei CY, Wang HP, Zhu ZY, Sun YH. Transcriptional factors smad1 and smad9 act redundantly to mediate zebrafish ventral specification downstream of smad5. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6604-6618. [PMID: 24488494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors that play crucial roles during embryonic development and cell fate determination. Nuclear transduction of BMP signals requires the receptor type Smad proteins, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9. However, how these Smad proteins cooperate in vivo to regulate various developmental processes is largely unknown. In zebrafish, it was widely believed that the maternally expressed smad5 is essential for dorso-ventral (DV) patterning, and the zygotically transcribed smad1 is not required for normal DV axis establishment. In the present study, we have identified zygotically expressed smad9, which cooperates with smad1 downstream of smad5, to mediate zebrafish early DV patterning in a functional redundant manner. Although knockdown of smad1 or smad9 alone does not lead to visible dorsalization, double knockdown strongly dorsalizes zebrafish embryos, which cannot be efficiently rescued by smad5 overexpression, whereas the dorsalization induced by smad5 knockdown can be fully rescued by overexpression of smad1 or smad9. We have further revealed that the transcription initiations of smad1 and smad9 are repressed by each other, that they are direct transcriptional targets of Smad5, and that smad9, like smad1, is required for myelopoiesis. In conclusion, our study uncovers that smad1 and smad9 act redundantly to each other downstream of smad5 to mediate ventral specification and to regulate embryonic myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hou-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zuo-Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Connarn JN, Assimon VA, Reed RA, Tse E, Southworth DR, Zuiderweg ERP, Gestwicki JE, Sun D. The molecular chaperone Hsp70 activates protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) by binding the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2908-17. [PMID: 24327656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.519421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is auto-inhibited by intramolecular interactions with its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Hsp90 has been shown to bind PP5 to activate its phosphatase activity. However, the functional implications of binding Hsp70 to PP5 are not yet clear. In this study, we find that both Hsp90 and Hsp70 bind to PP5 using a luciferase fragment complementation assay. A fluorescence polarization assay shows that Hsp90 (MEEVD motif) binds to the TPR domain of PP5 almost 3-fold higher affinity than Hsp70 (IEEVD motif). However, Hsp70 binding to PP5 stimulates higher phosphatase activity of PP5 than the binding of Hsp90. We find that PP5 forms a stable 1:1 complex with Hsp70, but the interaction appears asymmetric with Hsp90, with one PP5 binding the dimer. Solution NMR studies reveal that Hsc70 and PP5 proteins are dynamically independent in complex, tethered by a disordered region that connects the Hsc70 core and the IEEVD-TPR contact area. This tethered binding is expected to allow PP5 to carry out multi-site dephosphorylation of Hsp70-bound clients with a range of sizes and shapes. Together, these results demonstrate that Hsp70 recruits PP5 and activates its phosphatase activity which suggests dual roles for PP5 that might link chaperone systems with signaling pathways in cancer and development.
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Smith MC, Scaglione KM, Assimon VA, Patury S, Thompson AD, Dickey CA, Southworth DR, Paulson HL, Gestwicki JE, Zuiderweg ERP. The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP and the molecular chaperone Hsc70 form a dynamic, tethered complex. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5354-64. [PMID: 23865999 DOI: 10.1021/bi4009209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C-terminus of Hsc70 Interacting Protein, a 70 kDa homodimer) binds to the molecular chaperone Hsc70 (a 70 kDa monomer), and this complex is important in both the ubiquitination of Hsc70 and the turnover of Hsc70-bound clients. Here we used NMR spectroscopy, biolayer interferometry, and fluorescence polarization to characterize the Hsc70-CHIP interaction. We found that CHIP binds tightly to two molecules of Hsc70 forming a 210 kDa complex, with a Kd of approximately 60 nM, and that the IEEVD motif at the C-terminus of Hsc70 (residues 642-646) is both necessary and sufficient for binding. Moreover, the same motif is required for CHIP-mediated ubiquitination of Hsc70 in vitro, highlighting its functional importance. Relaxation-based NMR experiments on the Hsc70-CHIP complex determined that the two partners move independently in solution, similar to "beads on a string". These results suggest that a dynamic C-terminal region of Hsc70 provides for flexibility between CHIP and the chaperone, allowing the ligase to "search" a large space and engage in productive interactions with a wide range of clients. In support of this suggestion, we find that deleting residues 623-641 of the C-terminal region, while retaining the IEEVD motif, caused a significant decrease in the efficiency of Hsc70 ubiquitination by CHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Smith
- Departments of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Liu Z, Wu SW, Lei CQ, Zhou Q, Li S, Shu HB, Wang YY. Heat shock cognate 71 (HSC71) regulates cellular antiviral response by impairing formation of VISA aggregates. Protein Cell 2013; 4:373-82. [PMID: 23636689 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to viral infection, RIG-I-like RNA helicases detect viral RNA and signal through the mitochondrial adapter protein VISA. VISA activation leads to rapid activation of transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, which collaborate to induce transcription of type I interferon (IFN) genes and cellular antiviral response. It has been demonstrated that VISA is activated by forming prion-like aggregates. However, how this process is regulated remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of HSC71 resulted in potent inhibition of virus-triggered transcription of IFNB1 gene and cellular antiviral response. Consistently, knockdown of HSC71 had opposite effects. HSC71 interacted with VISA, and negatively regulated virus-triggered VISA aggregation. These findings suggest that HSC71 functions as a check against VISA-mediated antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wang S, Li Y, Hu YH, Song R, Gao Y, Liu HY, Shu HB, Liu Y. STUB1 is essential for T-cell activation by ubiquitinating CARMA1. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1034-41. [PMID: 23322406 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ag receptor engagement triggers lymphocyte activation and proliferation by activating several transcription factors including NF-κB. Caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein 1 (CARMA1) is an essential adaptor protein that links Ag receptors to NF-κB activation. Here, we identify stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1) as a CARMA1-associated protein. STUB1 constitutively interacted with CARMA1, and the interaction was intensified by TCR stimulation. Downregulation of STUB1 expression by RNAi markedly diminished TCR-induced canonical NF-κB activation and IL-2 production. Furthermore, overexpression of STUB1 enhanced the ubiquitination of CARMA1, whereas knockdown of STUB1 abolished the endogenous ubiquitination of CARMA1 induced by TCR stimulation. Subsequently, the ubiquitination of CARMA1 catalyzed by STUB1 was identified as Lys-27 linked, which is important for CARMA1-mediated NF-κB activation. These data provide the first evidence that ubiquitination of CARMA1 by STUB1 promotes TCR-induced NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Shimamoto S, Kubota Y, Yamaguchi F, Tokumitsu H, Kobayashi R. Ca2+/S100 proteins act as upstream regulators of the chaperone-associated ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7158-68. [PMID: 23344957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.436758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP (C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) binds Hsp90 and/or Hsp70 via its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), facilitating ubiquitination of the chaperone-bound client proteins. Mechanisms that regulate the activity of CHIP are, at present, poorly understood. We previously reported that Ca(2+)/S100 proteins directly associate with the TPR proteins, such as Hsp70/Hsp90-organizing protein (Hop), kinesin light chain, Tom70, FKBP52, CyP40, and protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), leading to the dissociation of the interactions of the TPR proteins with their target proteins. Therefore, we have hypothesized that Ca(2+)/S100 proteins can interact with CHIP and regulate its function. GST pulldown assays indicated that Ca(2+)/S100A2 and S100P bind to the TPR domain and lead to interference with the interactions of CHIP with Hsp70, Hsp90, HSF1, and Smad1. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that Ca(2+)/S100A2 and S100P are efficient and specific inhibitors of CHIP-mediated ubiquitination of Hsp70, Hsp90, HSF1, and Smad1. Overexpression of S100A2 and S100P suppressed CHIP-chaperone complex-dependent mutant p53 ubiquitination and degradation in Hep3B cells. The association of the S100 proteins with CHIP provides a Ca(2+)-dependent regulatory mechanism for the ubiquitination and degradation of intracellular proteins by the CHIP-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Shimamoto
- Department of Signal Transduction Sciences, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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Assimon VA, Gillies AT, Rauch JN, Gestwicki JE. Hsp70 protein complexes as drug targets. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:404-17. [PMID: 22920901 PMCID: PMC3593251 DOI: 10.2174/138161213804143699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays critical roles in proteostasis and is an emerging target for multiple diseases. However, competitive inhibition of the enzymatic activity of Hsp70 has proven challenging and, in some cases, may not be the most productive way to redirect Hsp70 function. Another approach is to inhibit Hsp70's interactions with important co-chaperones, such as J proteins, nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain-containing proteins. These co-chaperones normally bind Hsp70 and guide its many diverse cellular activities. Complexes between Hsp70 and co-chaperones have been shown to have specific functions, including roles in pro-folding, pro-degradation and pro-trafficking pathways. Thus, a promising strategy may be to block protein- protein interactions between Hsp70 and its co-chaperones or to target allosteric sites that disrupt these contacts. Such an approach might shift the balance of Hsp70 complexes and re-shape the proteome and it has the potential to restore healthy proteostasis. In this review, we discuss specific challenges and opportunities related to these goals. By pursuing Hsp70 complexes as drug targets, we might not only develop new leads for therapeutic development, but also discover new chemical probes for use in understanding Hsp70 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Assimon
- Department of Pathology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
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