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Niu F, Rehmani MS, Yan J. Multilayered regulation and implication of flowering time in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108842. [PMID: 38889533 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Initiation of flowering is a key switch for plants to shift from the vegetative growth to the phase of reproductive growth. This critical phase is essential not only for achieving successful reproduction, but also for facilitating environmental adaptation and maximizing yield potential. In the past decades, the environmental factors and genetic pathways that control flowering time have undergone extensive investigation in both model plant Arabidopsis and various crop species. The impact of environmental factors on plant flowering time is well documented. This paper focuses on the multilayered modulation of flowering time. Recent multi-omics approaches, and genetic screens have revealed additional components that modulate flowering time across various levels, encompassing chromatin modification, transcriptional and post-transcriptional control, as well as translational and post-translational regulation. The interplay between these various layers of regulation creates a finely-tuned system that can respond to a wide variety of inputs and allows plants to adjust flowering time in response to changing environmental conditions. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in understanding the intricate regulation of flowering time in plants, emphasizing the pivotal molecular components and their intricate interactions. Additionally, we provide an exhaustive list of key genes implicated in the intricate modulation of flowering time and offer a detailed summary of regulators of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and FLOWERING LOCUS (FLC). We also discuss the implications of this knowledge for crop improvement and adaptation to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jingli Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Yin W, Wang L, Shu Q, Chen M, Li F, Luo X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the CONSTANS-like family in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Front Genet 2024; 15:1390411. [PMID: 39045317 PMCID: PMC11263207 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1390411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The CONSTANS-like (COL) gene plays important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress. A total of 15 COL genes are unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes in the potato genome. The amino acid length of the family members was 347-453 aa, the molecular weight was 38.65-49.92 kD, and the isoelectric point was 5.13-6.09. The StCOL family can be divided into three subfamilies by evolutionary tree analysis, with conserved motifs and similar gene structure positions in each subfamily. The analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed 17 cis-acting elements related to plant hormones, stress, and light response. Collinearity analysis of COL genes of tomato, potato, and Arabidopsis showed that 13 StCOL genes in the different species may have a common ancestor. A total of 10 conserved motifs and six kinds of post-translational modifications in the 15 StCOL proteins were identified. The 15 StCOL genes exhibit a genomic structure consisting of exons and introns, typically ranging from two to four in number. The results showed that 10 genes displayed significant expression across all potato tissues, while the remaining five genes were down-expressed in potato transcriptome data. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis exhibited differential expression of 8 StCOL genes in the potato leaves and tubers at different growth stages, as well as 7 StCOL genes under 2°C treatment conditions. These results suggested that the StCOL gene family may play an important role in regulating potato tuberization and responding to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yin
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiqiong Shu
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
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3
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Saito T, Wang S, Ohkawa K, Ohara H, Kondo S. Deep learning with a small dataset predicts chromatin remodelling contribution to winter dormancy of apple axillary buds. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae072. [PMID: 38905284 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes serve as a cellular memory for cumulative cold recognition in both herbaceous and tree species, including bud dormancy. However, most studies have discussed predicted chromatin structure with respect to histone marks. In the present study, we investigated the structural dynamics of bona fide chromatin to determine how plants recognize prolonged chilling during the initial stage of bud dormancy. The vegetative axillary buds of the 'Fuji' apple, which shows typical low temperature-dependent, but not photoperiod, dormancy induction, were used for the chromatin structure and transcriptional change analyses. The results were integrated using a deep-learning model and interpreted using statistical models, including Bayesian estimation. Although our model was constructed using a small dataset of two time points, chromatin remodelling due to random changes was excluded. The involvement of most nucleosome structural changes in transcriptional changes and the pivotal contribution of cold-driven circadian rhythm-dependent pathways regulated by the mobility of cis-regulatory elements were predicted. These findings may help to develop potential genetic targets for breeding species with less bud dormancy to overcome the effects of short winters during global warming. Our artificial intelligence concept can improve epigenetic analysis using a small dataset, especially in non-model plants with immature genome databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Saito
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohkawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohara
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa-no-ha 277-0882, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
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Willige BC, Yoo CY, Saldierna Guzmán JP. What is going on inside of phytochrome B photobodies? THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2065-2085. [PMID: 38511271 PMCID: PMC11132900 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants exhibit an enormous phenotypic plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions. For this purpose, they have evolved mechanisms to detect and measure biotic and abiotic factors in their surroundings. Phytochrome B exhibits a dual function, since it serves as a photoreceptor for red and far-red light as well as a thermosensor. In 1999, it was first reported that phytochromes not only translocate into the nucleus but also form subnuclear foci upon irradiation by red light. It took more than 10 years until these phytochrome speckles received their name; these foci were coined photobodies to describe unique phytochrome-containing subnuclear domains that are regulated by light. Since their initial discovery, there has been much speculation about the significance and function of photobodies. Their presumed roles range from pure experimental artifacts to waste deposits or signaling hubs. In this review, we summarize the newest findings about the meaning of phyB photobodies for light and temperature signaling. Recent studies have established that phyB photobodies are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation via multivalent interactions and that they provide diverse functions as biochemical hotspots to regulate gene expression on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Christopher Willige
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Chan Yul Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Xu J, Liu H, Zhou C, Wang J, Wang J, Han Y, Zheng N, Zhang M, Li X. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the plant response to abiotic stress: Potential role in crop resilience improvement. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112035. [PMID: 38367822 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by ubiquitination modulates many physiological processes in plants. As the major protein degradation pathway in plants, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is considered a promising target for improving crop tolerance drought, high salinity, extreme temperatures, and other abiotic stressors. The UPS also participates in abiotic stress-related abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. E3 ligases are core components of the UPS-mediated modification process due to their substrate specificity. In this review, we focus on the abiotic stress-associated regulatory mechanisms and functions of different UPS components, emphasizing the participation of E3 ubiquitin ligases. We also summarize and discuss UPS-mediated modulation of ABA signaling. In particular, we focus our review on recent research into the UPS-mediated modulation of the abiotic stress response in major crop plants. We propose that altering the ubiquitination site of the substrate or the substrate-specificity of E3 ligase using genome editing technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 may improve the resistance of crop plants to adverse environmental conditions. Such a strategy will require continued research into the role of the UPS in mediating the abiotic stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Qiqihar Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Qiqihar Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jinxing Wang
- Suihua Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Qiqihar Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yehui Han
- Qiqihar Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Industrial Crop Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Industrial Crop Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lee K, Koo D, Park OS, Seo PJ. The HOS1-PIF4/5 module controls callus formation in Arabidopsis leaf explants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2261744. [PMID: 37747842 PMCID: PMC10761175 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2261744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A two-step plant regeneration has been widely exploited to genetic manipulation and genome engineering in plants. Despite technical importance, understanding of molecular mechanism underlying in vitro plant regeneration remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that the HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1)-PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4/5 (PIF4/5) module participates in callus formation. Consistent with the repressive role of HOS1 in PIF transcriptional activation activity, hos1-3 mutant leaf explants exhibited enhanced callus formation, whereas pif4-101 pif5-3 mutant leaf explants showed reduced callus size. The HOS1-PIF4/5 function would be largely dependent on auxin biosynthesis and signaling, which are essential for callus initiation and proliferation. Our findings suggest that the HOS1-PIF4/5 module plays a pivotal role in auxin-dependent callus formation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohee Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang B, Feng M, Zhang J, Song Z. Involvement of CONSTANS-like Proteins in Plant Flowering and Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16585. [PMID: 38068908 PMCID: PMC10706179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of flowering in plants is a pivotal stage in their life cycle, and the CONSTANS-like (COL) protein family, known for its photoperiod sensing ability, plays a crucial role in regulating plant flowering. Over the past two decades, homologous genes of COL have been identified in various plant species, leading to significant advancements in comprehending their involvement in the flowering pathway and response to abiotic stress. This article presents novel research progress on the structural aspects of COL proteins and their regulatory patterns within transcription complexes. Additionally, we reviewed recent information about their participation in flowering and abiotic stress response, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the functions of COL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (B.Z.); (M.F.); (J.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Minghui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (B.Z.); (M.F.); (J.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (B.Z.); (M.F.); (J.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhangqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (B.Z.); (M.F.); (J.Z.)
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8
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Kinmonth-Schultz H, Sønstebø JH, Croneberger AJ, Johnsen SS, Leder E, Lewandowska-Sabat A, Imaizumi T, Rognli OA, Vinje H, Ward JK, Fjellheim S. Responsiveness to long days for flowering is reduced in Arabidopsis by yearly variation in growing season temperatures. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3337-3352. [PMID: 37249162 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Conservative flowering behaviours, such as flowering during long days in summer or late flowering at a high leaf number, are often proposed to protect against variable winter and spring temperatures which lead to frost damage if premature flowering occurs. Yet, due the many factors in natural environments relative to the number of individuals compared, assessing which climate characteristics drive these flowering traits has been difficult. We applied a multidisciplinary approach to 10 winter-annual Arabidopsis thaliana populations from a wide climactic gradient in Norway. We used a variable reduction strategy to assess which of 100 climate descriptors from their home sites correlated most to their flowering behaviours when tested for responsiveness to photoperiod after saturation of vernalization; then, assessed sequence variation of 19 known environmental-response flowering genes. Photoperiod responsiveness inversely correlated with interannual variation in timing of growing season onset. Time to flowering appeared driven by growing season length, curtailed by cold fall temperatures. The distribution of FLM, TFL2 and HOS1 haplotypes, genes involved in ambient temperature response, correlated with growing-season climate. We show that long-day responsiveness and late flowering may be driven not by risk of spring frosts, but by growing season temperature and length, perhaps to opportunistically maximize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kinmonth-Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jørn H Sønstebø
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Notodden, Norway
| | | | - Sylvia S Johnsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Erica Leder
- Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Odd Arne Rognli
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Hilde Vinje
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Joy K Ward
- College of Arts and Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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Gu S, Zhang Z, Li J, Sun J, Cui Z, Li F, Zhuang J, Chen W, Su C, Wu L, Wang X, Guo Z, Xu H, Zhao M, Ma D, Chen W. Natural variation in OsSEC13 HOMOLOG 1 modulates redox homeostasis to confer cold tolerance in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2180-2196. [PMID: 37471276 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a cold-sensitive species that often faces cold stress, which adversely affects yield productivity and quality. However, the genetic basis for low-temperature adaptation in rice remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that 2 functional polymorphisms in O. sativa SEC13 Homolog 1 (OsSEH1), encoding a WD40-repeat nucleoporin, between the 2 subspecies O. sativa japonica and O. sativa indica rice, may have facilitated cold adaptation in japonica rice. We show that OsSEH1 of the japonica variety expressed in OsSEH1MSD plants (transgenic line overexpressing the OsSEH1 allele from Mangshuidao [MSD], cold-tolerant landrace) has a higher affinity for O. sativa metallothionein 2b (OsMT2b) than that of OsSEH1 of indica. This high affinity of OsSEH1MSD for OsMT2b results in inhibition of OsMT2b degradation, with decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and increased cold tolerance. Transcriptome analysis indicates that OsSEH1 positively regulates the expression of the genes encoding dehydration-responsive element-binding transcription factors, i.e. OsDREB1 genes, and induces the expression of multiple cold-regulated genes to enhance cold tolerance. Our findings highlight a breeding resource for improving cold tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gu
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Söllingen 38387, Germany
| | - Jian Sun
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhibo Cui
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jia Zhuang
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wanchun Chen
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chang Su
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lian Wu
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | | | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute/Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetic Improvement and High Quality and Efficiency Production of Northeast Japonica Rice in China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Li R, Li T, Wu X, Yao X, Ai H, Zhang Y, Gan Z, Huang X. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Profiling of the CONSTANS-like Genes in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1174. [PMID: 37372354 PMCID: PMC10297873 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONSTANS-like (COL) genes play important regulatory roles in flowering, tuber formation and the development of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, the COL gene family in S. tuberosum has not been systematically identified, restricting our knowledge of the function of these genes in S. tuberosum. In our study, we identified 14 COL genes, which were unequally distributed among eight chromosomes. These genes were classified into three groups based on differences in gene structure characteristics. The COL proteins of S. tuberosum and Solanum lycopersicum were closely related and showed high levels of similarity in a phylogenetic tree. Gene and protein structure analysis revealed similarities in the exon-intron structure and length, as well as the motif structure of COL proteins in the same subgroup. We identified 17 orthologous COL gene pairs between S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum. Selection pressure analysis showed that the evolution rate of COL homologs is controlled by purification selection in Arabidopsis, S. tuberosum and S. lycopersicum. StCOL genes showed different tissue-specific expression patterns. StCOL5 and StCOL8 were highly expressed specifically in the leaves of plantlets. StCOL6, StCOL10 and StCOL14 were highly expressed in flowers. Tissue-specific expression characteristics suggest a functional differentiation of StCOL genes during evolution. Cis-element analysis revealed that the StCOL promoters contain several regulatory elements for hormone, light and stress signals. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the understanding of the in-depth mechanism of COL genes in regulating the flowering time and tuber development in S. tuberosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Xuyang Yao
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Hao Ai
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhicheng Gan
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
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Takagi H, Hempton AK, Imaizumi T. Photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis: Multilayered regulatory mechanisms of CONSTANS and the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100552. [PMID: 36681863 PMCID: PMC10203454 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The timing of flowering affects the success of sexual reproduction. This developmental event also determines crop yield, biomass, and longevity. Therefore, this mechanism has been targeted for improvement along with crop domestication. The underlying mechanisms of flowering are highly conserved in angiosperms. Central to these mechanisms is how environmental and endogenous conditions control transcriptional regulation of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which initiates floral development under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis. Since the identification of FT as florigen, efforts have been made to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FT expression. Although many transcriptional regulators have been shown to directly influence FT, the question of how they coordinately control the spatiotemporal expression patterns of FT still requires further investigation. Among FT regulators, CONSTANS (CO) is the primary one whose protein stability is tightly controlled by phosphorylation and ubiquitination/proteasome-mediated mechanisms. In addition, various CO interaction partners, some of them previously identified as FT transcriptional regulators, positively or negatively modulate CO protein activity. The FT promoter possesses several transcriptional regulatory "blocks," highly conserved regions among Brassicaceae plants. Different transcription factors bind to specific blocks and affect FT expression, often causing topological changes in FT chromatin structure, such as the formation of DNA loops. We discuss the current understanding of the regulation of FT expression mainly in Arabidopsis and propose future directions related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrew K Hempton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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12
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Huang LJ, Wang Y, Lin Z, Jiang D, Luo Y, Li N. The role of corepressor HOS15-mediated epigenetic regulation of flowering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1101912. [PMID: 36704168 PMCID: PMC9871556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression underpins gene function and is essential for regulation of physiological roles. Epigenetic modifications regulate gene transcription by physically facilitating relaxation or condensation of target loci in chromatin. Transcriptional corepressors are involved in chromatin remodeling and regulate gene expression by establishing repressive complexes. Genetic and biochemical studies reveal that a member of the Groucho/Thymidine uptake 1 (Gro/Tup1) corepressor family, HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15), is recruited via the evening complex (EC) to the GIGANTEA (GI) promoter to repress gene expression, and modulating flowering time. Therefore, HOS15 connects photoperiodic pathway and epigenetic mechanism to control flowering time in plants. In addition, growing body of evidence support a diverse roles of the epigenetic regulator HOS15 in fine-tuning plant development and growth by integrating intrinsic genetic components and various environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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13
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Kim JY, Lee SJ, Min WK, Cha S, Song JT, Seo HS. COP1 controls salt stress tolerance by modulating sucrose content. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2096784. [PMID: 35833514 PMCID: PMC9291684 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2096784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Constitutive Photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) plays evolutionarily conserved and divergent roles. In plants, COP1 regulates a large number of developmental processes including photomorphogenesis, seedling emergence, and gravitropism. Nevertheless, its function in abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the role of COP1 in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. In soil, cop1-4 and cop1-6 mutants were more tolerant to high salinity than wild-type (WT) plants during vegetative growth. However, in high salt-containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, cop1-4 and cop1-6 seedlings exhibited significantly impaired growth compared with WT plants. Notably, cop1-4 and cop1-6 seedlings recovered their growth to the WT level upon exogenous sucrose treatment even under high salinity conditions. Compared with WT plants, the sucrose content of cop1-4 mutants was much higher at the vegetative growth stage but similar at the seedling stage. Upon exogenous sucrose supply, root elongation was significantly stimulated in cop1-4 seedlings but only slightly stimulated in WT plants. Thus, no significant difference was observed in root length between the two genotypes. Altogether, our data indicate that cop1 mutants are more tolerant to salt stress than WT plants, and the salt tolerance of cop1 mutants is correlated with their sucrose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ju Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang Ki Min
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoyeon Cha
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute, Seoul National UniversityBio-MAX, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Abstract
Heat stress limits plant growth, development, and crop yield, but how plant cells precisely sense and transduce heat stress signals remains elusive. Here, we identified a conserved heat stress response mechanism to elucidate how heat stress signal is transmitted from the cytoplasm into the nucleus for epigenetic modifiers. We demonstrate that HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9) transduces heat signals from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to play a positive regulatory role in heat responses in Arabidopsis. Heat specifically induces HDA9 accumulation in the nucleus. Under heat stress, the phosphatase PP2AB'β directly interacts with and dephosphorylates HDA9 to protect HDA9 from 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, leading to the translocation of nonphosphorylated HDA9 to the nucleus. This heat-induced enrichment of HDA9 in the nucleus depends on the nucleoporin HOS1. In the nucleus, HDA9 binds and deacetylates the target genes related to signaling transduction and plant development to repress gene expression in a transcription factor YIN YANG 1-dependent and -independent manner, resulting in rebalance of plant development and heat response. Therefore, we uncover an HDA9-mediated positive regulatory module in the heat shock signal transduction pathway. More important, this cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of HDA9 in response to heat stress is conserved in wheat and rice, which confers the mechanism significant implication potential for crop breeding to cope with global climate warming.
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15
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Wang S, Lv X, Zhang J, Chen D, Chen S, Fan G, Ma C, Wang Y. Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042308. [PMID: 35216424 PMCID: PMC8878164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are frequently exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses, such as those caused by salt, drought, cold, and heat. All of these stressors can induce changes in the proteoforms, which make up the proteome of an organism. Of the many different proteoforms, protein ubiquitination has attracted a lot of attention because it is widely involved in the process of protein degradation; thus regulates many plants molecular processes, such as hormone signal transduction, to resist external stresses. Ubiquitin ligases are crucial in substrate recognition during this ubiquitin modification process. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to abiotic stresses from the perspective of ubiquitin ligases have been described. This information is critical for a better understanding of plant molecular responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Daniel Chen
- Judy Genshaft Honors College and College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Sixue Chen
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Genetics Institude, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Guoquan Fan
- Industrial Crops Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Chunquan Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (S.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (Y.W.)
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16
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Huang Z, Bai X, Duan W, Chen B, Chen G, Xu B, Cheng R, Wang J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of CONSTANS-Like Genes in Pepper ( Capsicum annuum): Gaining an Insight to Their Phylogenetic Evolution and Stress-Specific Roles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828209. [PMID: 35251098 PMCID: PMC8892298 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONSTANS-like (COL) genes play important regulatory roles in multiple growth and development processes of plants but have rarely been studied in Capsicum annuum. This study explored the evolutionary relationship and expression patterns of COL genes from C. annuum. A total of 10 COL genes were identified in the genome of the cultivated pepper Zunla-1 and were named CaCOL01-10. These genes were unequally distributed among five chromosomes and could be divided into three groups based on differences in gene structure characteristics. During evolutionary history, duplications and retentions were divergent among different groups of COL genes. Tandem duplication caused amplification of group I genes. Genetic distance among COL genes was the largest in group III, suggesting that group III genes undergo more relaxed selection pressure compared with the other groups. Expression patterns of CaCOLs in tissues were significantly different, with CaCOL08 exhibiting the highest expression in stem and leaf. Some COL orthologous genes showed markedly different expression patterns in pepper compared with tomato, such as COL_1 orthologs, which may be involved in fruit development in pepper. In addition, CaCOLs participated in the regulation of abiotic stresses to varying degrees. Five CaCOL genes were induced by cold, and CaCOL02 and CaCOL03 were specifically upregulated by cold and downregulated by heat. This study provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of the functions of COL genes in pepper and their molecular mechanisms involved in growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Huang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Xueying Bai
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Weike Duan
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Boqing Chen
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
| | - Binghua Xu
- Huai’an Key Laboratory for Facility Vegetables, Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Huai’an Key Laboratory for Facility Vegetables, Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an, China
| | - Jizhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, China
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17
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Xie DL, Zheng XL, Zhou CY, Kanwar MK, Zhou J. Functions of Redox Signaling in Pollen Development and Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020287. [PMID: 35204170 PMCID: PMC8868224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox homeostasis is crucial for normal plant growth and development. Each developmental stage of plants has a specific redox mode and is maintained by various environmental cues, oxidants, and antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are the chief oxidants in plant cells and participate in cell signal transduction and redox balance. The production and removal of oxidants are in a dynamic balance, which is necessary for plant growth. Especially during reproductive development, pollen development depends on ROS-mediated tapetal programmed cell death to provide nutrients and other essential substances. The deviation of the redox state in any period will lead to microspore abortion and pollen sterility. Meanwhile, pollens are highly sensitive to environmental stress, in particular to cell oxidative burst due to its peculiar structure and function. In this regard, plants have evolved a series of complex mechanisms to deal with redox imbalance and oxidative stress damage. This review summarizes the functions of the main redox components in different stages of pollen development, and highlights various redox protection mechanisms of pollen in response to environmental stimuli. In continuation, we also discuss the potential applications of plant growth regulators and antioxidants for improving pollen vigor and fertility in sustaining better agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (X.-L.Z.); (C.-Y.Z.); (M.K.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Freytes SN, Canelo M, Cerdán PD. Regulation of Flowering Time: When and Where? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102049. [PMID: 33975153 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In seasonal flowering, plants need to monitor environmental variables. A combination of photoreceptors and the circadian clock initiate signals that regulate a network of genes in the leaf vascular system which communicates through mobile FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) proteins, with the shoot apical meristem (SAM). At the SAM, a second network of genes is turned on specifically in certain cell domains, established by a second mobile protein, TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), to ensure that flowering signals are translated into floral meristems at the flanks of the SAM but without compromising the nature of the SAM itself. Here, we provide an update on recent findings about the integration of light signals upstream of FT and tissue-specific events that occur in the SAM to balance flower production with SAM endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nicolás Freytes
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Micaela Canelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina.
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19
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Transcriptome analysis of flowering regulation by sowing date in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:15026. [PMID: 34294838 PMCID: PMC8298600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid japonica cultivars, such as the Yongyou series, have shown high yield potential in the field in both the early and late growing seasons. Moreover, understanding the responses of rice flowering dates to temperature and light is critical for improving yield performance. However, few studies have analyzed flowering genes in high-yielding japonica cultivars. Based on the five sowing date experiments from 2019 to 2020, select the sensitive cultivar Yongyou 538 and the insensitive cultivar Ninggeng 4 and take their flag leaves and panicles for transcriptome analysis. The results showed that compared with sowing date 1 (6/16), after the sowing date was postponed (sowing date 5, 7/9), 4480 and 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the leaves and panicles in Ninggeng 4, 9275 and 2475 DEGs were detected in the leaves and panicles in Yongyou 538, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that both Ninggeng 4 and Yongyou 538 regulated rice flowering through the plant circadian rhythm and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Gene expression analysis showed that Os01g0566050 (OsELF3-2), Os01g0182600 (OsGI), Os11g0547000 (OsFKF1), Os06g0275000 (Hd1), and Os09g0513500 (FT-1) were expressed higher and Os02g0771100 (COP1-1) was expressed lower in Yongyou 538 compared with Ninggeng 4 as the climate conditions changed, which may be the key genes that regulate the flowering process with the change of temperature and light resources in sensitive cultivar Yongyou 538 in the late season.
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20
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Wang MJ, Ding L, Liu XH, Liu JX. Two B-box domain proteins, BBX28 and BBX29, regulate flowering time at low ambient temperature in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:21-32. [PMID: 33554307 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that BBX28 and BBX29 proteins in Arabidopsis promote flowering in association with the CO-FT regulatory module at low ambient temperature under LD conditions. Flowering plants integrate internal developmental signals with external environmental stimuli for precise flowering time control. The expression of BBX29 is up-regulated by low temperature treatment, but the biological function of BBX29 in low temperature response is unknown. In the current study, we examined the biological role of BBX29 and its close-related protein BBX28 in flowering time control under long-day conditions. Although neither BBX28 single mutant nor BBX29 single mutant has a flowering-associated phenotype, the bbx28 bbx29 double mutant plants have an obvious delayed flowering phenotype grown at low ambient temperature (16°C) compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. The expression of FT and TSF was lower in bbx28 bbx29 double mutant plants than in wild-type plants at 16°C. Both BBX28 and BBX29 interact with CONSTANS (CO), an important flowering integrator that directly binds to the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promoter. In the effector-reporter assays, transcriptional activation activity of CO on the FT promoter was reduced in bbx28 bbx29 double mutant plants compared to that in WT plants. Taken together, our results reveal that BBX28 and BBX29 are promoters of flowering in Arabidopsis, especially at low ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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21
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of HOS1 Reveals Its Role in the Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010104. [PMID: 33419060 PMCID: PMC7825447 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) functions as a main regulator of the cold signaling. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of the HOS1 gene in the first exon was performed. DNA sequencing showed that frameshift indels introduced by genome editing of HOS1 resulted in the appearance of premature stop codons, disrupting the open reading frame. Obtained hos1Cas9 mutant plants were compared with the SALK T-DNA insertion mutant, line hos1-3, in terms of their tolerance to abiotic stresses, accumulation of secondary metabolites and expression levels of genes participating in these processes. Upon exposure to cold stress, enhanced tolerance and expression of cold-responsive genes were observed in both hos1-3 and hos1Cas9 plants. The hos1 mutation caused changes in the synthesis of phytoalexins in transformed cells. The content of glucosinolates (GSLs) was down-regulated by 1.5-times, while flavonol glycosides were up-regulated by 1.2 to 4.2 times in transgenic plants. The transcript abundance of the corresponding MYB and bHLH transcription factors, which are responsible for the regulation of secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis, were also altered. Our data suggest a relationship between HOS1-regulated downstream signaling and phytoalexin biosynthesis.
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22
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Li X, Gu Y. Structural and functional insight into the nuclear pore complex and nuclear transport receptors in plant stress signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 58:60-68. [PMID: 33217650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPC) are highly conserved mega protein complexes that penetrate the double-layered nuclear membrane and form channels to allow bi-directional transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytosol. Non-passive nucleocytoplasmic transport also requires nuclear transport receptors (NTR), which bind cargo molecules and shuttle them across the NPC. The NPC and NTRs constitute two fundamental layers of regulatory mechanisms that together determine the selective nuclear translocation of signal molecules and play essential roles in activating the precise response of a cell to environmental stimuli. Here we discuss recent findings in the NPC made by advanced structural biology approaches, and dissect distinct functions of different NPC components and NTRs in plants' responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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23
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Shim JS, Jang G. Environmental Signal-Dependent Regulation of Flowering Time in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176155. [PMID: 32858992 PMCID: PMC7504671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage of growth is a critical event in the lifecycle of a plant and is required for the plant’s reproductive success. Flowering time is tightly regulated by an internal time-keeping system and external light conditions, including photoperiod, light quality, and light quantity. Other environmental factors, such as drought and temperature, also participate in the regulation of flowering time. Thus, flexibility in flowering time in response to environmental factors is required for the successful adaptation of plants to the environment. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which internal and environmental signals are integrated to regulate flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa).
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24
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Zhang J, Xu M, Dwiyanti MS, Watanabe S, Yamada T, Hase Y, Kanazawa A, Sayama T, Ishimoto M, Liu B, Abe J. A Soybean Deletion Mutant That Moderates the Repression of Flowering by Cool Temperatures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32351532 PMCID: PMC7175460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient growing temperature and photoperiod are major environmental stimuli that summer annual crops use to adjust their reproductive phenology so as to maximize yield. Variation in flowering time among soybean (Glycine max) cultivars results mainly from allelic diversity at loci that control photoperiod sensitivity and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs. However, variation in the thermal regulation of flowering and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel mutant (ef1) that confers altered thermal regulation of flowering in response to cool ambient temperatures. Mapping analysis with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located the mutation in the upper part of chromosome 19, where no QTL for flowering has been previously reported. Fine-mapping and re-sequencing revealed that the mutation was caused by deletion of a 214 kbp genomic region that contains 11 annotated genes, including CONSTANS-LIKE 2b (COL2b), a soybean ortholog of Arabidopsis CONSTANS. Comparison of flowering times under different photo-thermal conditions revealed that early flowering in the mutant lines was most distinct under cool ambient temperatures. The expression of two FT orthologs, FT2a and FT5a, was dramatically downregulated by cool temperature, but the magnitude of the downregulation was lower in the mutant lines. Cool temperatures upregulated COL2b expression or delayed peak expression, particularly at the fourth trifoliate-leaf stage. Intriguingly, they also upregulated E1, a soybean-specific repressor of FT orthologs. Our results suggest that the ef1 mutation is involved in thermal regulation of flowering in response to cool ambient temperature, and the lack of COL2b in the mutant likely alleviates the repression of flowering by cool temperature. The ef1 mutant can be used as a novel gene resource in breeding soybean cultivars adapted to cool climate and in research to improve our understanding of thermal regulation of flowering in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Meilan Xu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hase
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Kanazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sayama
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Zentuji, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Baohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Fanourakis D, Nikoloudakis N, Pappi P, Markakis E, Doupis G, Charova SN, Delis C, Tsaniklidis G. The Role of Proteases in Determining Stomatal Development and Tuning Pore Aperture: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E340. [PMID: 32182645 PMCID: PMC7154916 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant proteases, the proteolytic enzymes that catalyze protein breakdown and recycling, play an essential role in a variety of biological processes including stomatal development and distribution, as well as, systemic stress responses. In this review, we summarize what is known about the participation of proteases in both stomatal organogenesis and on the stomatal pore aperture tuning, with particular emphasis on their involvement in numerous signaling pathways triggered by abiotic and biotic stressors. There is a compelling body of evidence demonstrating that several proteases are directly or indirectly implicated in the process of stomatal development, affecting stomatal index, density, spacing, as well as, size. In addition, proteases are reported to be involved in a transient adjustment of stomatal aperture, thus orchestrating gas exchange. Consequently, the proteases-mediated regulation of stomatal movements considerably affects plants' ability to cope not only with abiotic stressors, but also to perceive and respond to biotic stimuli. Even though the determining role of proteases on stomatal development and functioning is just beginning to unfold, our understanding of the underlying processes and cellular mechanisms still remains far from being completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece;
- Giannakakis SA, Export Fruits and Vegetables, Tympaki, 70200 Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | - Polyxeni Pappi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Emmanouil Markakis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Georgios Doupis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
| | - Spyridoula N. Charova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Development, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece;
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization—‘Demeter’, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Heraklion, 71307 Crete, Greece; (P.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.)
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Cheng Z, Zhang X, Huang P, Huang G, Zhu J, Chen F, Miao Y, Liu L, Fu YF, Wang X. Nup96 and HOS1 Are Mutually Stabilized and Gate CONSTANS Protein Level, Conferring Long-Day Photoperiodic Flowering Regulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:374-391. [PMID: 31826964 PMCID: PMC7008479 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex profoundly affects the timing of flowering; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report that Nucleoporin96 (Nup96) acts as a negative regulator of long-day photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Through multiple approaches, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE1 (HOS1) and demonstrated its interaction in vivo with Nup96. Nup96 and HOS1 mainly localize and interact on the nuclear membrane. Loss of function of Nup96 leads to destruction of HOS1 proteins without a change in their mRNA abundance, which results in overaccumulation of the key activator of long-day photoperiodic flowering, CONSTANS (CO) proteins, as previously reported in hos1 mutants. Unexpectedly, mutation of HOS1 strikingly diminishes Nup96 protein level, suggesting that Nup96 and HOS1 are mutually stabilized and thus form a novel repressive module that regulates CO protein turnover. Therefore, the nup96 and hos1 single and nup96 hos1 double mutants have highly similar early-flowering phenotypes and overlapping transcriptome changes. Together, this study reveals a repression mechanism in which the Nup96-HOS1 repressive module gates the level of CO proteins and thereby prevents precocious flowering in long-day conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Penghui Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guowen Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Biological Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Yongzhou 425100, Hunan, China
| | - Jinglong Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fulu Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Gong M, Li Z, Wan J, Chen M, Wang H, Shang J, Zhou S, Tan Q, Wang Y, Bao D. Chilling stress reduced protein translation by the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins in Volvariella volvacea. J Proteomics 2020; 215:103668. [PMID: 31982547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Volvariella volvacea, an important edible mushroom species, cryogenic autolysis is a typical part of abnormal metabolism; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ubiquitylome analysis revealed that chilling stress (CS) affected protein translation and degradation by ubiquitination. Comparative proteomics analysis showed that CS downregulated protein expression in V. volvacea V23 instead of VH3 (improved chilling stress resistance strain). The integrative ubiquitylome, proteomics, and transcriptome analyses indicated that CS reduced protein translation by the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins. An activity assay of the 20S proteasome showed that CS decreased the degradation efficiency of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. UBEV2, one type of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2) in V. volvacea, was upregulated after cold stress treatment using western blot analysis. GST pull-down experiments of UBEV2 provided evidence that CS affected protein translation by the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins. Co-IP experiments confirmed that UBEV2 bound to the ubiquitinated SSB2, a ribosome-associated molecular chaperone. An anti-freezing experiment demonstrated that the UBE2 inhibitor could improve the cold stress resistance of V. volvacea. Our observations revealed that CS triggered ubiquitination-mediated autolysis associated with a decrease in protein translation and highlighted the mechanistic role of UBEV2 in facilitating cryogenic autolysis in V. volvacea. SIGNIFICANCE: Volvariella volvacea, the edible straw mushroom, is a highly nutritious food source widely cultivated on a commercial scale in tropical and subtropical regions. The challenges associated with the cryogenic autolysis preservation of V. volvacea have limited its marketability. This issue of cryogenic autolysis is both an interesting scientific problem to solve and a practical economic matter. Integrative ubiquitylome, proteomics, and transcriptome analyses, together with GST pulldown and Co-IP experiments, indicated that chilling stress reduced protein translation by the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins in V. volvacea. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of ubiquitination-mediated autolysis associated with a decrease in protein translation in V. volvacea. Our data highlight the mechanistic role of UBEV2 in facilitating the cryogenic autolysis of V. volvacea. We provided a new idea for the preservation of V. volvacea by inhibiting UBEV2 to increase its marketability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jianing Wan
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Junjun Shang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Sichi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qi Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Dapeng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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28
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Faden F, Mielke S, Dissmeyer N. Modulating Protein Stability to Switch Toxic Protein Function On and Off in Living Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:929-942. [PMID: 30679267 PMCID: PMC6393803 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxic proteins are prime targets for molecular farming (the generation of pharmacologically active or biotechnologically usable compounds in plants) and are also efficient tools for targeted cell ablation in genetics, developmental biology, and biotechnology. However, achieving conditional activity of cytotoxins and maintaining the toxin-expressing plants as stably transformed lines remain challenging. Here, we produce a switchable version of the highly cytotoxic bacterial RNase barnase by fusing the protein to a portable protein degradation cassette, the low-temperature degron cassette. This method allows conditional genetics based on conditional protein degradation via the N-end rule or N-degron pathway and has been used to vice versa accumulate and/or deplete a diverse variety of highly active, unstable or stable target proteins in different living multicellular organisms and cell systems. Moreover, we expressed the barnase fusion under control of the trichome-specific TRIPTYCHON promoter. This enabled efficient temperature-dependent control of protein accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf hairs (trichomes). By tuning the levels of the protein, we were able to control the fate of trichomes in vivo. The on-demand formation of trichomes through manipulating the balance between stabilization and destabilization of barnase provides proof of concept for a robust and powerful tool for conditional switchable cell arrest. We present this tool as a potential strategy for the manufacture and accumulation of cytotoxic proteins and toxic high-value products in plants or for conditional genetic cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Faden
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle, Plant-Based Bioeconomy, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Mielke
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle, Plant-Based Bioeconomy, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle, Plant-Based Bioeconomy, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Park YJ, Lee JH, Kim JY, Park CM. Alternative RNA Splicing Expands the Developmental Plasticity of Flowering Transition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:606. [PMID: 31134122 PMCID: PMC6517538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the developmental phase transitions, which ranges from seed germination to flowering induction and senescence, is essential for propagation and reproductive success in plants. Flowering induction represents the vegetative-to-reproductive phase transition. An extensive array of genes controlling the flowering transition has been identified, and signaling pathways that incorporate endogenous and environmental cues into the developmental phase transition have been explored in various plant species. Notably, recent accumulating evidence indicate that multiple transcripts are often produced from many of the flowering time genes via alternative RNA splicing, which is known to diversify the transcriptomes and proteasomes in eukaryotes. It is particularly interesting that some alternatively spliced protein isoforms, including COβ and FT2β, function differentially from or even act as competitive inhibitors of the corresponding functional proteins by forming non-functional heterodimers. The alternative splicing events of the flowering time genes are modulated by developmental and environmental signals. It is thus necessary to elucidate molecular schemes controlling alternative splicing and functional characterization of splice protein variants for understanding how genetic diversity and developmental plasticity of the flowering transition are achieved in optimizing the time of flowering under changing climates. In this review, we present current knowledge on the alternative splicing-driven control of flowering time. In addition, we discuss physiological and biochemical importance of the alternative splicing events that occur during the flowering transition as a molecular means of enhancing plant adaptation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chung-Mo Park,
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30
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Park HJ, Baek D, Cha JY, Liao X, Kang SH, McClung CR, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Kim WY. HOS15 Interacts with the Histone Deacetylase HDA9 and the Evening Complex to Epigenetically Regulate the Floral Activator GIGANTEA. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:37-51. [PMID: 30606777 PMCID: PMC6391688 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, seasonal inputs such as photoperiod and temperature modulate the plant's internal genetic program to regulate the timing of the developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. This regulation of the floral transition involves chromatin remodeling, including covalent modification of histones. Here, we report that HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15), a WD40 repeat protein, associates with a histone deacetylase complex to repress transcription of the GIGANTEA (GI)-mediated photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Loss of function of HOS15 confers early flowering under long-day conditions because elevated GI expression. LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX), a DNA binding transcription factor and component of the Evening Complex (EC), is important for the binding of HOS15 to the GI promoter. In wild type, HOS15 associates with the EC components LUX, EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), and ELF4 and the histone deacetylase HDA9 at the GI promoter, resulting in histone deacetylation and reduced GI expression. In the hos15-2 mutant, the levels of histone acetylation are elevated at the GI promoter, resulting in increased GI expression. Our data suggest that the HOS15-EC-HDA9 histone-modifying complex regulates photoperiodic flowering via the transcriptional repression of GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueji Liao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kang
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Kryvokhyzha MV, Krutovsky KV, Rashydov NM. Differential expression of flowering genes in Arabidopsis thaliana under chronic and acute ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:626-634. [PMID: 30570374 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1562251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic and acute irradiations have drastic effects on flowering stage that plays an important role in further seed development and can determine seed yield. The expression of the key flowering genes, AP1, CO, GI, FT, FLC, and LFY, sensitive to irradiation repair gene RAD51 and the proliferation gene PCNA2 were studied in the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) under chronic and acute irradiations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chronic irradiation was performed using the radioactive isotope 137СsCl in two total doses of 3 cGy and 17 cGy, with the dose rate of 10-7 cGy/s and 6.8 10-6 cGy/s, respectively. The plants were grown under chronic irradiation during 6 weeks, from seeds till the 6.3 stage of flowering. For acute exposure, the plants were X-ray irradiated one time at the 5.0 development stage (20 days old) by a total dose of 15 Gy with the dose rate of 89 cGy/s. RESULTS After chronic irradiation with the 3 cGy dose the irradiated plants demonstrated 8 ± 2.8 days earlier flowering than in the control group. However, at the 17 cGy chronic and at the 15 Gy acute doses plants showed 14 ± 3.7 and 2 ± 1.4 days later flowering, respectively. The 3 cGy chronic exposure significantly increased the expression of the CO gene by a factor of 1.152 (1.087-1.217 95% C.I.) and decreased the expression of the FT gene by a factor of 0.128 (0.021-0.396 95% C.I.). The 17 cGy chronic exposure decreased expression of the AP1 gene by a factor of 0.872 (0.803-0.940 95% C.I.) and the LFY gene by a factor of 0.471 (0.306-0.687 95% C.I.). The 15 Gy acute exposure decreased the expression of the AP1 gene by a factor of 0.104 (0.074-0.144 95% C.I.) and the PCNA2 gene by a factor of 0.346 (0.238-0.488 95% C.I.). CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of the CO gene and decreased expression of the AP1 and FT genes under the lower dose of chronic exposure were associated with earlier flowering. The acute exposure increased the expression of the PCNA2 gene and decreased the expression of the flowering genes, except AP1. The flowering was delayed under both the higher dose of chronic exposure and under acute exposure, but it was less affected by the latter. Presumably, it was related to the activation of DNA repair under the 3 cGy chronic and 15 Gy acute irradiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna V Kryvokhyzha
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Konstantin V Krutovsky
- b Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding , Georg-August University of Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.,c Vavilov Institute of General Genetics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.,d Genome Research and Education Center , Siberian Federal University , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.,e Department of Ecosystem Science and Management , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Namik M Rashydov
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kiev , Ukraine
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Kazemi-Shahandashti SS, Maali-Amiri R. Global insights of protein responses to cold stress in plants: Signaling, defence, and degradation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:123-135. [PMID: 29758377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress (CS) as one of the unfavorable abiotic tensions proceeds different aspects of plant responses. These responses are generated through CS effects on crucial processes such as photosynthesis, energy metabolism, ROS homeostasis, membrane fluidity and cell wall architecture. As a tolerance response, plants apply proteins in various strategies such as transferring the message of cold entrance named as signaling, producing defensive and protective molecules against the stress and degrading some unfavorable or unnecessary proteins to produce other required ones. A change in one part of these networks can irritate alternations in others. These strategies as acclimation mechanisms are conducted through gene expression reprogramming to provide a new adjusted metabolic homeostasis dependent on the stress severity and duration and plant species. Investigating protein alterations in metabolic pathways and their role in adjusting cellular components from upstream to downstream levels can provide a profound knowledge of plants tolerance mechanism against the damaging effects of CS. In this review, we summarized the activity of some cold-responsive proteins from the perception phase to tolerance response against CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedeh-Sanam Kazemi-Shahandashti
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran.
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Lee BD, Kim MR, Kang MY, Cha JY, Han SH, Nawkar GM, Sakuraba Y, Lee SY, Imaizumi T, McClung CR, Kim WY, Paek NC. The F-box protein FKF1 inhibits dimerization of COP1 in the control of photoperiodic flowering. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2259. [PMID: 29273730 PMCID: PMC5741637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, CONSTANS (CO) plays an essential role in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering under long-day conditions. CO protein is stable only in the afternoon of long days, when it induces the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which promotes flowering. The blue-light photoreceptor FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1 (FKF1) interacts with CO and stabilizes it by an unknown mechanism. Here, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that FKF1 inhibits CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1)-dependent CO degradation. Light-activated FKF1 has no apparent effect on COP1 stability but can interact with and negatively regulate COP1. We show that FKF1 can inhibit COP1 homo-dimerization. Mutation of the coiled-coil domain in COP1, which prevents dimer formation, impairs COP1 function in coordinating flowering time. Based on these results, we propose a model whereby the light- and day length-dependent interaction between FKF1 and COP1 controls CO stability to regulate flowering time. CONSTANS promotes flowering under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis but is rapidly degraded in short-day conditions. Here the authors show that the blue-light photoreceptor FKF1 can interact with the E3 ligase COP1 in a light-dependent manner and prevent degradation of CO in long-day conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Doo Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ri Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Han
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh M Nawkar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA
| | - C Robertson McClung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755-3563, USA
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), PMBBRC & IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu Y, Wang B, Tang K, Hsu CC, Xie S, Du H, Yang Y, Tao WA, Zhu JK. An Arabidopsis Nucleoporin NUP85 modulates plant responses to ABA and salt stress. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007124. [PMID: 29232718 PMCID: PMC5741264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several nucleoporins in the nuclear pore complex (NPC) have been reported to be involved in abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of how NPC regulates abiotic stress responses, especially the expression of stress responsive genes remains poorly understood. From a forward genetics screen using an abiotic stress-responsive luciferase reporter (RD29A-LUC) in the sickle-1 (sic-1) mutant background, we identified a suppressor caused by a mutation in NUCLEOPORIN 85 (NUP85), which exhibited reduced expression of RD29A-LUC in response to ABA and salt stress. Consistently, the ABA and salinity induced expression of several stress responsive genes such as RD29A, COR15A and COR47 was significantly compromised in nup85 mutants and other nucleoporin mutants such as nup160 and hos1. Subsequently, Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that NUP85 is potentially associated with HOS1 and other nucleoporins within the nup107-160 complex, along with several mediator subunits. We further showed that there is a direct physical interaction between MED18 and NUP85. Similar to NUP85 mutations, MED18 mutation was also found to attenuate expression of stress responsive genes. Taken together, we not only revealed the involvement of NUP85 and other nucleoporins in regulating ABA and salt stress responses, but also uncovered a potential relation between NPC and mediator complex in modulating the gene expression in plants. Nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates the traffic between nucleus and cytoplasm. This work identified NUCLEOPORIN 85 (NUP85) as an important factor for the expression of stress-responsive luciferase reporter gene RD29A-LUC in response to ABA and salt stress from a forward genetics screen. Mutation in NUP85 and other NPC components such as NUP160 and HOS1 resulted in decreased expression of several stress responsive genes such as RD29A, COR15A and COR47. Proteomics data uncovered a list of putative NUP85 associated proteins. Furthermore, NUP85 was demonstrated to interact with MED18, a master transcriptional regulator, to control the expression of stress responsive genes. The study has added a new layer of knowledge about the diverse functions of NPC in abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JKZ)
| | - Bangshing Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Kai Tang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Hai Du
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JKZ)
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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Jung JH, Lee S, Park CM. HOS1 Facilitates the Phytochrome B-Mediated Inhibition of PIF4 Function during Hypocotyl Growth in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:274-284. [PMID: 27890635 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to light, developing seedlings undergo photomorphogenesis, as illustrated by inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon opening, and leaf greening. During hypocotyl photomorphogenesis, light signals are sensed by multiple photoreceptors, among which the red/far-red light-sensing phytochromes have been extensively studied. However, it is not fully understood how the phytochromes modulate hypocotyl growth. Here, we demonstrated that HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1), which is known to either act as E3 ubiquitin ligase or affect chromatin organization, inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a key transcription factor that promotes hypocotyl growth. Consistent with the negative regulatory role of HOS1 in hypocotyl growth, HOS1-defective mutants exhibited elongated hypocotyls in the light. Notably, phyB induces HOS1 activity in inhibiting PIF4 function. Taken together, these observations provide a molecular basis for the phyB-mediated suppression of hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jung
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Banerjee A, Wani SH, Roychoudhury A. Epigenetic Control of Plant Cold Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1643. [PMID: 28983309 PMCID: PMC5613158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College-AutonomousKolkata, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar, India
- Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College-AutonomousKolkata, India
- Aryadeep Roychoudhury
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Gil KE, Park MJ, Lee HJ, Park YJ, Han SH, Kwon YJ, Seo PJ, Jung JH, Park CM. Alternative splicing provides a proactive mechanism for the diurnal CONSTANS dynamics in Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:128-140. [PMID: 27607358 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock control of CONSTANS (CO) transcription and the light-mediated stabilization of its encoded protein coordinately adjust photoperiodic flowering by triggering rhythmic expression of the floral integrator flowering locus T (FT). Diurnal accumulation of CO is modulated sequentially by distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases, allowing peak CO to occur in the late afternoon under long days. Here we show that CO abundance is not simply targeted by E3 enzymes but is also actively self-adjusted through dynamic interactions between two CO isoforms. Alternative splicing of CO produces two protein variants, the full-size COα and the truncated COβ lacking DNA-binding affinity. Notably, COβ, which is resistant to E3 enzymes, induces the interaction of COα with CO-destabilizing E3 enzymes but inhibits the association of COα with CO-stabilizing E3 ligase. These observations demonstrate that CO plays an active role in sustaining its diurnal accumulation dynamics during Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Shin-Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Ju Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Kwak JS, Son GH, Song JT, Seo HS. Post-translational modifications of FLOWERING LOCUS C modulate its activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:383-389. [PMID: 28204510 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering Locus C (FLC) is a key floral repressor that precisely controls flowering time. The role of FLC has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level using molecular biological and epigenetic approaches. However, how FLC functions and how its stability is controlled at the post-translational level are only beginning to be understood. Recent studies show that various post-translational modifications (PTMs) control the stability and activity of FLC. In this review, we focus on three types of PTMs that regulate FLC function: phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. This report should serve as a model to guide post-translational studies of other important floral regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Soo Kwak
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Hyun Son
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Kumar M, Gho YS, Jung KH, Kim SR. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Genes, Conserved between japonica and indica Rice Cultivars, that Respond to Low-Temperature Stress at the Vegetative Growth Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1120. [PMID: 28713404 PMCID: PMC5491850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is very detrimental to crop production. However, only a few genes in rice have been identified with known functions related to cold tolerance. To meet this agronomic challenge more effectively, researchers must take global approaches to select useful candidate genes and find the major regulatory factors. We used five Gene expression omnibus series data series of Affymetrix array data, produced with cold stress-treated samples from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), and identified 502 cold-inducible genes common to both japonica and indica rice cultivars. From them, we confirmed that the expression of two randomly chosen genes was increased by cold stress in planta. In addition, overexpression of OsWRKY71 enhanced cold tolerance in 'Dongjin,' the tested japonica cultivar. Comparisons between japonica and indica rice, based on calculations of plant survival rates and chlorophyll fluorescence, confirmed that the japonica rice was more cold-tolerant. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicate that the 'L-phenylalanine catabolic process,' within the Biological Process category, was the most highly overrepresented under cold-stress conditions, implying its significance in that response in rice. MapMan analysis classified 'Major Metabolic' processes and 'Regulatory Gene Modules' as two other major determinants of the cold-stress response and suggested several key cis-regulatory elements. Based on these results, we proposed a model that includes a pathway for cold stress-responsive signaling. Results from our functional analysis of the main signal transduction and transcription regulation factors identified in that pathway will provide insight into novel regulatory metabolism(s), as well as a foundation by which we can develop crop plants with enhanced cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Shil Gho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seong-Ryong Kim, Ki-Hong Jung,
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seong-Ryong Kim, Ki-Hong Jung,
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40
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Song YH. The Effect of Fluctuations in Photoperiod and Ambient Temperature on the Timing of Flowering: Time to Move on Natural Environmental Conditions. Mol Cells 2016; 39:715-721. [PMID: 27788575 PMCID: PMC5104878 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have become physiologically adapted to a seasonally shifting environment by evolving many sensory mechanisms. Seasonal flowering is a good example of adaptation to local environmental demands and is crucial for maximizing reproductive fitness. Photoperiod and temperature are major environmental stimuli that control flowering through expression of a floral inducer, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein. Recent discoveries made using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the functions of photoreceptors are essential for the timing of FT gene induction, via modulation of the transcriptional activator CONSTANS (CO) at transcriptional and posttranslational levels in response to seasonal variations. The activation of FT transcription by the fine-tuned CO protein enables plants to switch from vegetative growth to flowering under inductive environmental conditions. The present review briefly summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the information of environmental stimuli is sensed and transduced to trigger FT induction in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
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41
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Kinmonth-Schultz HA, Tong X, Lee J, Song YH, Ito S, Kim SH, Imaizumi T. Cool night-time temperatures induce the expression of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T to regulate flowering in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:208-24. [PMID: 26856528 PMCID: PMC4887344 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Day length and ambient temperature are major stimuli controlling flowering time. To understand flowering mechanisms in more natural conditions, we explored the effect of daily light and temperature changes on Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedlings were exposed to different day/night temperature and day-length treatments to assess expression changes in flowering genes. Cooler temperature treatments increased CONSTANS (CO) transcript levels at night. Night-time CO induction was diminished in flowering bhlh (fbh)-quadruple mutants. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcript levels were reduced at dusk, but increased at the end of cooler nights. The dusk suppression, which was alleviated in short vegetative phase (svp) mutants, occurred particularly in younger seedlings, whereas the increase during the night continued over 2 wk. Cooler temperature treatments altered the levels of FLOWERING LOCUS M-β (FLM-β) and FLM-δ splice variants. FT levels correlated strongly with flowering time across treatments. Day/night temperature changes modulate photoperiodic flowering by changing FT accumulation patterns. Cooler night-time temperatures enhance FLOWERING BHLH (FBH)-dependent induction of CO and consequently increase CO protein. When plants are young, cooler temperatures suppress FT at dusk through SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) function, perhaps to suppress precocious flowering. Our results suggest day length and diurnal temperature changes combine to modulate FT and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinran Tong
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Jae Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Soo-Hyung Kim
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
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Fernández V, Takahashi Y, Le Gourrierec J, Coupland G. Photoperiodic and thermosensory pathways interact through CONSTANS to promote flowering at high temperature under short days. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:426-40. [PMID: 27117775 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect changes in day length to induce seasonal patterns of flowering. The photoperiodic pathway accelerates the flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana under long days (LDs) whereas it is inactive under short days (SDs), resulting in delayed flowering. This delay is overcome by exposure of plants to high temperature (27°C) under SDs (27°C-SD). Previously, the high-temperature flowering response was proposed to involve either the impaired activity of MADS-box transcription factor (TF) floral repressors or PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) TF-mediated activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which encodes the output signal of the photoperiodic pathway. We integrate these observations by studying several PIFs, the MADS-box SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and the photoperiodic pathway under 27°C-SD. We find that the mRNAs of FT and its paralogue TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) are increased at dusk under 27°C-SD compared with 21°C-SD, and that this requires PIF4 and PIF5 as well as CONSTANS (CO), a TF that promotes flowering under LDs. The CO and PIF4 proteins are present at dusk under 27°C-SD, and they physically interact. Although Col-0 plants flower at similar times under 27°C-SD and 21°C-LD the expression level of FT is approximately 10-fold higher under 21°C-LD, suggesting that responsiveness to FT is also increased under 27°C-SD, perhaps as a result of the reduced activity of SVP in the meristem. Accordingly, only svp-41 ft-10 tsf-1 plants flowered at the same time under 21°C-SD and 27°C-SD. Thus, we propose that under non-inductive SDs, elevated temperatures increase the activity and sensitize the response to the photoperiod pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Fernández
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Takahashi
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
Plants use the circadian clock as a timekeeping mechanism to regulate photoperiodic flowering in response to the seasonal changes. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), initially identified as a central repressor of seedling photomorphogenesis, was recently shown to be involved in the regulation of light input to the circadian clock, modulating the circadian rhythm and flowering. COP1 encodes a RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase and works in concert with SUPPRESSOR of
phyA-105 (SPA) proteins to repress photoperiodic flowering by regulating proteasome-mediated degradation of CONSTANS (CO), a central regulator of photoperiodic flowering. In addition, COP1 and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) indirectly modulate
CO expression via the degradation of GIGANTEA (GI). Here, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying COP1’s role in controlling of photoperiodic flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Danmeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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44
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Kim JY, Jang IC, Seo HS. COP1 Controls Abiotic Stress Responses by Modulating AtSIZ1 Function through Its E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1182. [PMID: 27536318 PMCID: PMC4971112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and sumoylation are essential post-translational modifications that regulate growth and development processes in plants, including control of hormone signaling mechanisms and responses to stress. This study showed that COP1 (Constitutive photomorphogenic 1) regulated the activity of Arabidopsis E3 SUMO (Small ubiquitin-related modifier) ligase AtSIZ1 through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Yeast two hybrid analysis demonstrated that COP1 and AtSIZ1 directly interacted with one another, and subcellular localization assays indicated that COP1 and AtSIZ1 co-localized in nuclear bodies. Analysis of ubiquitination showed that AtSIZ1 was polyubiquitinated by COP1. The AtSIZ1 level was higher in cop1-4 mutants than in wild-type seedlings under light or dark conditions, and overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN)-COP1 mutant led to a substantial increase in AtSIZ1 accumulation. In addition, under drought, cold, and high salt conditions, SUMO-conjugate levels were elevated in DN-COP1-overexpressing plants and cop1-4 mutant plants compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our results indicate that COP1 controls responses to abiotic stress by modulation of AtSIZ1 levels and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Y. Kim
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agricultural Life Science, Seoul National University, SeoulSouth Korea
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSingapore
| | - Hak S. Seo
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agricultural Life Science, Seoul National University, SeoulSouth Korea
- *Correspondence: Hak S. Seo,
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45
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Kazan K, Lyons R. The link between flowering time and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:47-60. [PMID: 26428061 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary success in plants is largely dependent on the successful transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In the lifetime of a plant, flowering is not only an essential part of the reproductive process but also a critical developmental stage that can be vulnerable to environmental stresses. Exposure to stress during this period can cause substantial yield losses in seed-producing plants. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that altering flowering time is an evolutionary strategy adopted by plants to maximize the chances of reproduction under diverse stress conditions, ranging from pathogen infection to heat, salinity, and drought. Here, recent studies that have revealed new insights into how biotic and abiotic stress signals can be integrated into floral pathways are reviewed. A better understanding of how complex environmental variables affect plant phenology is important for future genetic manipulation of crops to increase productivity under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kazan
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lyons
- CSIRO Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Park H, Kim WY, Pardo J, Yun DJ. Molecular Interactions Between Flowering Time and Abiotic Stress Pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:371-412. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu XR, Pan T, Liang WQ, Gao L, Wang XJ, Li HQ, Liang S. Overexpression of an Orchid (Dendrobium nobile) SOC1/TM3-Like Ortholog, DnAGL19, in Arabidopsis Regulates HOS1-FT Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:99. [PMID: 26904066 PMCID: PMC4746357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering in the appropriate season is critical for successful reproduction in angiosperms. The orchid species, Dendrobium nobile, requires vernalization to achieve flowering in the spring, but the underlying regulatory network has not been identified to date. The MADS-box transcription factor DnAGL19 was previously identified in a study of low-temperature treated D. nobile buds and was suggested to regulate vernalization-induced flowering. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of DnAGL9 and the MADS-box containing proteins showed that DnAGL19 is phylogenetically closely related to the SOC1-like protein from orchid Dendrobium Chao Parya Smile, DOSOC1. The orchid clade closed to but is not included into the SOC1-1/TM3 clades associated with either eudicots or monocots, suggesting that DnAGL19 is an SOC1-1/TM3-like ortholog. DnAGL19 was found to be highly expressed in pseudobulbs, leaves, roots, and axillary buds but rarely in flowers, and to be substantially upregulated in axillary buds by prolonged low-temperature treatments. Overexpression of DnAGL19 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a small but significantly reduced time to bolting, suggesting that flowering time was slightly accelerated under normal growth conditions. Consistent with this, the A. thaliana APETELA1 (AP1) gene was expressed at an earlier stage in transgenic lines than in wild type plants, while the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene was suppressed, suggesting that altered regulations on these transcription factors caused the weak promotion of flowering. HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1 (HOS1) was slightly activated under the same conditions, suggesting that the HOS1-FT module may be involved in the DnAGL19-related network. Under vernalization conditions, FT expression was significantly upregulated, whereas HOS1 expression in the transgenic A. thaliana has a level similar to that in wild type. Taken together, these results suggest that DnAGL19 controls the action of the HOS1-FT module depending on temperature cues, which could contribute to regulation of D. nobile flowering time. These data provide insights into how flowering is fine-tuned in D. nobile to acclimate the plant to seasonal changes in temperature.
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Li L, Li X, Liu Y, Liu H. Flowering responses to light and temperature. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 59:403-8. [PMID: 26687726 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Light and temperature signals are the most important environmental cues regulating plant growth and development. Plants have evolved various strategies to prepare for, and adapt to environmental changes. Plants integrate environmental cues with endogenous signals to regulate various physiological processes, including flowering time. There are at least five distinct pathways controlling flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana: the photoperiod pathway, the vernalization/thermosensory pathway, the autonomous floral initiation, the gibberellins pathway, and the age pathway. The photoperiod and temperature/ vernalization pathways mainly perceive external signals from the environment, while the autonomous and age pathways transmit endogenous cues within plants. In many plant species, floral transition is precisely controlled by light signals (photoperiod) and temperature to optimize seed production in specific environments. The molecular mechanisms by which light and temperature control flowering responses have been revealed using forward and reverse genetic approaches. Here we focus on the recent advances in research on flowering responses to light and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Nguyen KT, Park J, Park E, Lee I, Choi G. The Arabidopsis RING Domain Protein BOI Inhibits Flowering via CO-dependent and CO-independent Mechanisms. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1725-36. [PMID: 26298008 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BOTRYTIS SUSCEPTIBLE1 INTERACTOR (BOI) and its three homologs (BOIs) are RING domain-containing proteins that repress flowering. Here, we investigated how BOIs repress flowering. Genetic analysis of the boiQ quadruple mutant indicates that BOIs repress flowering mainly through FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). BOIs repress the expression of FT by CONSTANS (CO)-dependent and -independent mechanisms: in the CO-dependent mechanism, BOIs bind to CO, inhibit the targeting of CO to the FT locus, and thus repress the expression of FT; in the CO-independent mechanism, BOIs target the FT locus via a mechanism that requires DELLAs but not CO. This dual repression of FT makes BOIs strong repressors of flowering in both CO-dependent and CO-independent pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our finding that BOIs inhibit CO targeting further suggests that, in addition to modulating CO mRNA expression and CO protein stability, flowering regulation can also modulate the targeting of CO to FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Eunae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ilha Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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Sarid-Krebs L, Panigrahi KCS, Fornara F, Takahashi Y, Hayama R, Jang S, Tilmes V, Valverde F, Coupland G. Phosphorylation of CONSTANS and its COP1-dependent degradation during photoperiodic flowering of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:451-63. [PMID: 26358558 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal flowering involves responses to changes in day length. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the CONSTANS (CO) transcription factor promotes flowering in the long days of spring and summer. Late flowering in short days is due to instability of CO, which is efficiently ubiquitinated in the dark by the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) E3 ligase complex. Here we show that CO is also phosphorylated. Phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms are detected throughout the diurnal cycle but their ratio varies, with the relative abundance of the phosphorylated form being higher in the light and lower in the dark. These changes in relative abundance require COP1, because in the cop1 mutant the phosphorylated form is always more abundant. Inactivation of the PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA), CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) and CRYPTOCHROME 2 (CRY2) photoreceptors in the phyA cry1 cry2 triple mutant most strongly reduces the amount of the phosphorylated form so that unphosphorylated CO is more abundant. This effect is caused by increased COP1 activity, as it is overcome by introduction of the cop1 mutation in the cop1 phyA cry1 cry2 quadruple mutant. Degradation of CO is also triggered in red light, and as in darkness this increases the relative abundance of unphosphorylated CO. Finally, a fusion protein containing truncated CO protein including only the carboxy-terminal region was phosphorylated in transgenic plants, locating at least one site of phosphorylation in this region. We propose that CO phosphorylation contributes to the photoperiodic flowering response by enhancing the rate of CO turnover via activity of the COP1 ubiquitin ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Sarid-Krebs
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Kishore C S Panigrahi
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Takahashi
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Ryosuke Hayama
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Vicky Tilmes
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - Federico Valverde
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, Cologne, D-50829, Germany
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