1
|
Wang K, Hou M, Qiao C, Duan Y, Tao R, Wang X, Xiao K, Liu S, Zhao H, Wang J, Jia Z, Ding X. Icariin alleviates diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis aggravation by inhibiting miR-320a-3p targeting BMP6. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:316-325. [PMID: 38485350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Although the mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy fibrosis have been the focus of many studies, only limited information is currently available concerning microRNA regulation in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of miR-320a-3p and bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. After inducing fibrosis with high glucose in HK-2 cells, we found that miR-320a-3p is significantly up-regulated, whereas BMP6 is markedly down-regulated. These changes suggest close link between miR-320a-3p and BMP6 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. To elucidate this phenomenon, miR-320a-3p mimic, inhibitor and siBMP6 were employed. We observed in miR-320a-3p mimic group the fibrosis marker include alpha smooth muscle actin and type I collagen was significantly up-regulated, whereas BMP6 exhibited the opposite trend. Additionally, we found icariin could alleviate tubulointerstitial fibrosis by downregulation the miR-320a-3p expression. In conclusion, miR-320a-3p promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis during the development of DN by suppressing BMP signal pathway activity via inhibiting BMP6 expression. Suggesting that miR-320a-3p represents a potential therapeutic target for tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Mengjun Hou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yalei Duan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rongpin Tao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiniao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hanzhen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhirong Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun P, Wang J, Ilyasova T, Shumadalova A, Agaverdiev M, Wang C. The function of miRNAs in the process of kidney development. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:593-601. [PMID: 37680850 PMCID: PMC10480480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that typically consist of 19-25 nucleotides in length. These molecules function as essential regulators of gene expression by selectively binding to complementary target sequences within messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, consequently exerting a negative impact on gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. By modulating the stability and translation efficiency of target mRNAs, miRNAs play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes, including the intricate orchestration of organ development. Among these processes, the development of the kidney has emerged as a key area of interest regarding miRNA function. Intriguingly, recent investigations have uncovered a subset of miRNAs that exhibit remarkably high expression levels in the kidney, signifying their close association with kidney development and diseases affecting this vital organ. This growing body of evidence strongly suggests that miRNAs serve as crucial regulators, actively shaping both the physiological processes governing kidney function and the pathological events leading to renal disorders. This comprehensive review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the latest research progress regarding miRNAs and their involvement in kidney development. By examining the intricate interplay between miRNAs and the molecular pathways driving kidney development, this review seeks to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which miRNAs exert their regulatory functions. Furthermore, an in-depth exploration of the role played by miRNAs in the occurrence and progression of renal dysplasia will be presented. Renal dysplasia represents a significant developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal kidney tissue formation, and miRNAs have emerged as key players in this pathological process. By shedding light on the intricate network of miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms involved in kidney dysplasia, this review aims to provide valuable insights for the diagnosis and research of diseases associated with aberrant kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Sun
- Tianjin Baodi Hospital/Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenin Street, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Murad Agaverdiev
- Department of Urology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HR, Jin HS, Eom YB. Identification of Genetic Markers Linked to The Activity of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Kidney Function. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040541. [PMID: 37110199 PMCID: PMC10144659 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme belonging to the kynurenine pathway. IDO activity has been suggested as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to perform coincident association analysis to gain genetic insights into the correlation between IDO activity and CKD. This study evaluated the association between IDO activity and CKD using the Korea Association REsource (KARE) cohort. Logistic and linear regression were used to analyze CKD and quantitative phenotypes such as IDO and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Our results identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were coincidently associated with both IDO and CKD (p < 0.001). Among them, rs6550842, rs77624055, and rs35651150 were selected as potential candidates after excluding SNPs with insufficient evidence for having an association with IDO or CKD. Further expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis for variants at selected loci showed that rs6550842 and rs35651150 significantly affected the expression of NKIRAS1 and SH2D4A genes in human tissues, respectively. Additionally, we highlighted that the NKIRAS1 and BMP6 genes were correlated with IDO activity and CKD through signaling pathways associated with inflammation. Our data suggest that NKIRAS1, SH2D4A, and BMP6 were potential causative genes affecting IDO activity and CKD through integrated analysis. Identifying these genes could aid in early detection and treatment by predicting the risk of CKD associated with IDO activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
miR-22 alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via targeting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:409-421. [PMID: 35960478 PMCID: PMC9859886 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis, and is strongly correlated with MicroRNAs (miRNAs). However, the mechanism of miR-22 on sepsis-induced AKI is not clearly understood. The study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-22 on AKI. METHODS The AKI models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in SD rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction in HBZY-1 cells. In AKI rats, the content of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected. Kidney tissues were pathologically examined by H&E and PAS staining. The LPS-induced HBZY-1 cells were transfected with mimics miR-22, si-HMGB1, or oe-HMGB1. miR-22 and HMGB1 expression was detected in vivo and in vitro. In transfected cells, HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway-related protein expressions were measured by Western blot. The relationship between miR-22 and HMGB1 was assessed by a dual-luciferase gene report. Inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and cells were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS In AKI rats, kidney injury was observed, accompanied by the down-regulated miR-122 expression and up-regulated HMBG1 expression. The dual-luciferase report found miR-22-3p could targetly regulate HMBG1. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the releases of inflammatory cytokine were increased after AKI modeling, but the situation was reversed by mimics miR-22 or si-HMGB1 in vitro. In HBZY-1 cells, mimics miR-22 could suppress LPS-induced overexpression of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. However, the oe-HMGB1 addition reversed the effect of mimics miR-22. CONCLUSION miR-22 can inhibit the inflammatory response, target the HMGB1, and inhibit the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB pathway, to attenuate the sepsis-induced AKI, which indicates that miR-22 may serve as a potential treatment target in sepsis-induced AKI.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mukhopadhyay P, Smolenkova I, Seelan RS, Pisano MM, Greene RM. Spatiotemporal Expression and Functional Analysis of miRNA-22 in the Developing Secondary Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023; 60:27-38. [PMID: 34730446 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211054004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Normal development of the embryonic orofacial region requires precise spatiotemporal coordination between numerous genes. MicroRNAs represent small, single-stranded, non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. This study examines the role of microRNA-22 (miR-22) in murine orofacial ontogeny. METHODS Spatiotemporal and differential expression of miR-22 (mmu-miR-22-3p) within the developing secondary palate was determined by in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Bioinformatic approaches were used to predict potential mRNA targets of miR-22 and analyze their association with cellular functions indispensable for normal orofacial ontogeny. An in vitro palate organ culture system was used to assess the role of miR-22 in secondary palate development. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in miR-22 expression from GD12.5 to GD14.5 in palatal processes. On GD12.5 and GD13.5, miR-22 was expressed in the future oral, nasal, and medial edge epithelia. On GD14.5, miR-22 expression was observed in the residual midline epithelial seam (MES), the nasal epithelium and the mesenchyme, but not in the oral epithelium. Inhibition of miR-22 activity in palate organ cultures resulted in failure of MES removal. Bioinformatic analyses revealed potential mRNA targets of miR-22 that may play significant roles in regulating apoptosis, migration, and/or convergence/extrusion, developmental processes that modulate MES removal during palatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current study suggest a key role for miR-22 in the removal of the MES during palatogenesis and that miR-22 may represent a potential contributor to the etiology of cleft palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Irina Smolenkova
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Ratnam S Seelan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - M Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Robert M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, 5170University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Katturajan R, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Prince SE. Exploring the Regulatory Role of ncRNA in NAFLD: A Particular Focus on PPARs. Cells 2022; 11:3959. [PMID: 36552725 PMCID: PMC9777112 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are responsible for global mortality and morbidity and are a significant cause of death worldwide. Consequently, the advancement of new liver disease targets is of great interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and long ncRNA (lncRNA), has been proven to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of virtually all acute and chronic liver disorders. Recent studies demonstrated the medical applications of miRNA in various phases of hepatic pathology. PPARs play a major role in regulating many signaling pathways involved in various metabolic disorders. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world, encompassing a spectrum spanning from mild steatosis to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PPARs were found to be one of the major regulators in the progression of NAFLD. There is no recognized treatment for NAFLD, even though numerous clinical trials are now underway. NAFLD is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its frequency increases as obesity and diabetes become more prevalent. Reprogramming anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drugs is an effective therapy option for NAFLD and NASH. Several studies have also focused on the role of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The regulatory effects of these ncRNAs make them a primary target for treatments and as early biomarkers. In this study, the main focus will be to understand the regulation of PPARs through ncRNAs and their role in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nirgude S, Desai S, Choudhary B. Curcumin alters distinct molecular pathways in breast cancer subtypes revealed by integrated miRNA/mRNA expression analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1596. [PMID: 34981672 PMCID: PMC9575497 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is well known for its anticancer properties. Its cytotoxic activity has been documented in several cancer cell lines, including breast cancer. The pleiotropic activity of curcumin as an antioxidant, an antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic, is due to its diverse targets, such as signaling pathways, protein/enzyme, or noncoding gene. AIM This study aimed to identify key miRNAs and mRNAs induced by curcumin in breast cancer cells MCF7, T47D (hormone positive), versus MDA-MB231 (hormone negative) using comparative analysis of global gene expression profiles. METHODS RNA was isolated and subjected to mRNA and miRNA library sequencing to study the global gene expression profile of curcumin-treated breast cancer cells. The differential expression of gene and miRNA was performed using the DESeq R package. The enriched pathways were studied using cluster profileR, and integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis was carried out using miRtarvis and miRmapper tools. RESULTS Curcumin treatment led to upregulation of 59% TSGs in MCF7, 21% in MDA-MB-231 cells, and 36% TSGs in T47D, and downregulation of 57% oncogenes in MCF7, 76% in MDA-MB-231, and 91% in T47D. Similarly, curcumin treatment led to upregulation of 32% TSmiRs in MCF7, 37.5% in MDA-MB231, and 62.5% in T47D, and downregulation of 77% oncomiRs in MCF7, 50% in MDA-MB231 and 28.6% in T47D. Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA led to the identification of a common NFKB pathway altered by curcumin in all three cell lines. Analysis of uniquely enriched pathway revealed non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions and laminin interactions in MCF7; extracellular matrix organization and degradation in MDA-MB-231 and cell cycle arrest and G2/M transition in T47D. CONCLUSION Curcumin regulates miRNA and mRNA in a cell type-specific manner. The integrative analysis led to the detection of miRNAs and mRNAs pairs, which can be used as biomarkers associated with carcinogenesis, diagnostic, and treatment response in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Nirgude
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied BiotechnologyBangaloreIndia
- Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Sagar Desai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied BiotechnologyBangaloreIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied BiotechnologyBangaloreIndia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comparison of Selected Non-Coding RNAs and Gene Expression Profiles between Common Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184533. [PMID: 36139691 PMCID: PMC9496707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumour affecting mainly children and elderly people. Despite significant advances in cancer medicine, osteosarcoma patients’ survival is not improving. The primary treatment methods are established using in vitro models that rely upon the application of well-established cell lines, including U-2 OS, Saos-2 and MG-63. The molecular phenotype of these cell lines is still not fully outlined. Therefore, our study aimed to establish the expression profile of molecular markers related to osteosarcoma survival, progression and metastasis. Non-bone-related cells were used as a reference, i.e. HeLa cell line and human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs). Evaluated osteosarcoma cell lines showed characteristic phenotypes with unique patterns related to upregulation of MMP-7, MMP-14, BMP-7, miR-21-5p, miR-124-3p and downregulation of lncRNA MEG3. Our findings may facilitate the selection of the most reliable cellular model for pre-clinical investigations focused on developing new and satisfying methods of osteosarcoma therapy. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone tumour affecting adolescents and elderly people. Unfortunately, basic treatment methods are still underdeveloped, which has a high impact on the poor survivability of the patients. Studies designed to understand the underlying mechanisms of osteosarcoma development, as well as preclinical investigations aimed at establishing novel therapeutic strategies, rely significantly upon in vitro models, which apply well-established cell lines such as U-2 OS, Saos-2 and MG-63. In this study, the expression of chosen markers associated with tumour progression, metastasis and survival were identified using RT-qPCR. Levels of several onco-miRs (miR-21-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-223-3p and miR-320a-3p) and long non-coding RNA MEG3 were established. The mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), including BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, as well as their receptors: BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB and BMPR-II was also determined. Other tested markers included metalloproteinases, i.e., MMP-7 and MMP-14 and survivin (BIRC5), C-MYC, as well as CYCLIN D (CCND1). The analysis included comparing obtained profiles with transcript levels established for the osteogenic HeLa cell line and human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs). The tested OS cell lines were characterised by a cancer-related phenotype, such as increased expression of mRNA for BMP-7, as well as MMP-7 and MMP-14. Osteosarcoma cells differ considerably in miR-21-5p and miR-124-3p levels, which can be related to uncontrolled tumour growth. The comprehensive examination of osteosarcoma transcriptome profiles may facilitate the selection of appropriate cell models for preclinical investigations aimed at the development of new strategies for OS treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Z, Wang T, Jia Y, Wang T, Luo E, Zhong J, Zhang J, Wang J, Wei Y, Zhao D, Yao B. Transcriptional sequencing analysis reveals the potential use of deer antler for “tonifying the kidney and strengthening bone”. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:419. [PMID: 36104709 PMCID: PMC9476563 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia that deer antlers can be used to tonify the kidney and strengthen bone. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that deer antler has protective effects on the kidney and bone, its molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its effects on the bone and kidney. Methods Water extract of pilose antler was prepared and then filtered through a 0.45 μm Hollow Fiber Cartridge (GE Healthcare, USA). The filtrate was freeze-dried by a Heto PowerDry LL3000 Freeze Dryer (Thermo, USA) and stored at − 80 °C. Rats were treated with deer antler extract (DAE) prepared in advance, and gene regulatory network in the kidney and bone was detected by RNA-Seq technique. Micro-CT was used to detect bone trabecular formation, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV). Results The results demonstrate that DAE could jointly heighten renal function by maintaining renal homeostasis, combating renal fibrosis, and reducing renal inflammation by regulating ion transport. Furthermore, DAE can strengthen the bone system by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and regulating bone regeneration and the bone marrow microenvironment. Micro-CT results confirmed that DAE can promote bone trabecular formation and increase BMD and BV/TV. We also identified many genes that can regulate both the kidney and bone simultaneously, which explained the theory of “kidney governing bone” at the molecular level and provided possible strategies for further application of this theory to treat diseases. Conclusions DAE enhances renal function, maintains renal homeostasis, positively regulates skeletal system development, and increases bone mineral density. The underlying mechanism involves improving the expression levels of functional genes involved in renal function and regulation and repair, as well as genes that positively regulate skeletal system development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03308-w.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shakyawar S, Southekal S, Guda C. mintRULS: Prediction of miRNA–mRNA Target Site Interactions Using Regularized Least Square Method. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091528. [PMID: 36140696 PMCID: PMC9498445 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of miRNA–mRNA interactions is critical to understand the new paradigms in gene regulation. Existing methods show suboptimal performance owing to inappropriate feature selection and limited integration of intuitive biological features of both miRNAs and mRNAs. The present regularized least square-based method, mintRULS, employs features of miRNAs and their target sites using pairwise similarity metrics based on free energy, sequence and repeat identities, and target site accessibility to predict miRNA-target site interactions. We hypothesized that miRNAs sharing similar structural and functional features are more likely to target the same mRNA, and conversely, mRNAs with similar features can be targeted by the same miRNA. Our prediction model achieved an impressive AUC of 0.93 and 0.92 in LOOCV and LmiTOCV settings, respectively. In comparison, other popular tools such as miRDB, TargetScan, MBSTAR, RPmirDIP, and STarMir scored AUCs at 0.73, 0.77, 0.55, 0.84, and 0.67, respectively, in LOOCV setting. Similarly, mintRULS outperformed other methods using metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and MCC. Our method also demonstrated high accuracy when validated against experimentally derived data from condition- and cell-specific studies and expression studies of miRNAs and target genes, both in human and mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Shakyawar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation (CBIRI), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Huang H, Li Y. Roles of exosomes and exosome-derived miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928933. [PMID: 36034858 PMCID: PMC9403513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology that leads rapidly to death. It is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue through an altered extracellular matrix and damage to the alveolar structure. New pharmacological treatments and biomarkers are needed for pulmonary fibrosis to ensure better outcomes and earlier diagnosis of patients. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by nearly all cell types that play a central role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, exosomes are emerging as a crucial factor in antigen presentation, immune response, immunomodulation, inflammation, and cellular phenotypic transformation and have also shown promising therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes current knowledge of exosomes that may promote pulmonary fibrosis and be utilized for diagnostics and prognostics. In addition, the utilization of exosomes and their cargo miRNAs as novel therapeutics and their potential mechanisms are also discussed. This review aims to elucidate the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and paves the way for developing novel therapeutics for pulmonary fibrosis. Further in-depth research and clinical trials on this topic are encouraged in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling in renal fibrosis; pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:275-303. [PMID: 33480423 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive, obstructive, ischemic and toxin-induced injury. Therapeutically relevant approaches to directly target the TGF-β1 pathway (e.g., neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1), however, remain elusive in humans. TGF-β1 signaling is subjected to extensive negative control at the level of TGF-β1 receptor, SMAD2/3 activation, complex assembly and promoter engagement due to its critical role in tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies. Progressive kidney injury is accompanied by the deregulation (loss or gain of expression) of several negative regulators of the TGF-β1 signaling cascade by mechanisms involving protein and mRNA stability or epigenetic silencing, further amplifying TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling and fibrosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7 (BMP6/7), SMAD7, Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene (SnoN), phosphate tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Klotho are dramatically decreased in various nephropathies in animals and humans albeit with different kinetics while the expression of Smurf1/2 E3 ligases are increased. Such deregulations frequently initiate maladaptive renal repair including renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation and growth arrest, fibrotic factor (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TGF-β1) synthesis/secretion, fibroproliferative responses and inflammation. This review addresses how loss of these negative regulators of TGF-β1 pathway exacerbates renal lesion formation and discusses the therapeutic value in restoring the expression of these molecules in ameliorating fibrosis, thus, presenting novel approaches to suppress TGF-β1 hyperactivation during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
Collapse
|
13
|
Khalifa O, Errafii K, Al-Akl NS, Arredouani A. Noncoding RNAs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Potential Diagnosis and Prognosis Biomarkers. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8822859. [PMID: 33133304 PMCID: PMC7593715 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8822859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide in part due to the concomitant obesity pandemic and insulin resistance (IR). It is increasingly becoming evident that NAFLD is a disease affecting numerous extrahepatic vital organs and regulatory pathways. The molecular mechanisms underlying the nonalcoholic steatosis formation are poorly understood, and little information is available on the pathways that are responsible for the progressive hepatocellular damage that follows lipid accumulation. Recently, much research has focused on the identification of the epigenetic modifications that contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of such epigenetic factors that could be implicated in the NAFLD development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic factors potentially underlying the disease. Particular emphasis will be put on the contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) to the pathophysiology of NAFLD as well as their potential use as therapeutic targets or as markers for the prediction and the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaoula Errafii
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayla S. Al-Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Regulatory expression of bone morphogenetic protein 6 by 2,2'-dipyridyl. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129610. [PMID: 32251709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of hepcidin, a hormone produced by hepatocytes which negatively regulates the circulating iron levels, is known to be positively regulated by BMP6, a member of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family. Previous studies have shown that iron status is sensed by sinusoidal endothelial cells of hepatic lamina, leading to the modulation of BMP6 expression. METHODS ISOS-1, HUVEC, F-2, and SK-HEP1 endothelial cells were treated with either iron or 2,2'-dipyridyl (2DP), a cell-permeable iron-chelator, and expression level of Bmp6 was examined. To identify factors affecting Bmp6 transcription, stimulus screening for regulator of transcription (SSRT) was developed. RESULTS Treatment with iron slightly increased the expression levels of Bmp6, while 2DP unexpectedly increased Bmp6 expression in a dose-dependent manner. 2DP-induced Bmp6 expression was resistant to co-treatment with iron. 2DP-induced Bmp6 expression was also detected in HUVEC, F-2 cells, and SK-HEP1 cells. Luciferase-based reporter assays indicated that forced expression of JunB increased the transcription of Bmp6. 2DP induced phosphorylation of JunB; co-treatment with SP600125 blocked the 2DP-induced Bmp6 expression partially. JunB-induced Bmp6 transcription was not affected by mutations of putative JunB-responsive elements. Some endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers increased the expression of Bmp6. SSRT revealed pathways regulating Bmp6 transcription positively and negatively. Hepa1-6 liver cells and C2C12 myogenic cells were prone to 2DP induced Bmp6 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals non‑iron-regulated Bmp6 expression in endothelial cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Regulatory expression of Bmp6 may be important as a key step for fine tuning of BMP activity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsuji K, Kitamura S, Wada J. Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030756. [PMID: 31979395 PMCID: PMC7037711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory and regenerative effects in many organs, including the kidney. Emerging evidence has shown that the trophic effects from MSCs are mainly mediated by the paracrine mechanism rather than the direct differentiation of MSCs into injured tissues. These secretomes from MSCs include cytokines, growth factors, chemokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. Many research studies have revealed that secretomes from MSCs have potential to ameliorate renal injury in renal disease models, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease through a variety of mechanisms. These trophic mechanisms include immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. In addition, accumulating evidence has uncovered the specific factors and therapeutic mechanisms in MSC-derived EVs. In this article, we summarize the recent advances of immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of EVs from MSCs, especially focusing on the microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7235; Fax: +81-86-222-5214
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu H, Wang H, Yang S, Qian D. Downregulation of miR-542-3p promotes osteogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells in the aging rat by targeting BMP7. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:67. [PMID: 31829291 PMCID: PMC6907335 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is believed to have a close association with cardiovascular diseases, resulting in various pathological alterations in blood vessels, including vascular cell phenotypic shifts. In aging vessels, the microRNA(miRNA)-mediated mechanism regulating the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype remains unclarified. MiRNA microarray was used to compare the expressions of miRNAs in VSMCs from old rats (oVSMCs) and young rats (yVSMCs). Quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and small RNA transfection were used to explore the miR-542-3p expression in oVSMCs and yVSMCs in vitro. Calcification induction of yVSMCs was conducted by the treatment of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP). Alizarin red staining was used to detect calcium deposition. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to investigate the expression of the smooth muscle markers, smooth muscle 22α (SM22α) and calponin, and the osteogenic markers, osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Lentivirus was used to overexpress miR-542-3p and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) in yVMSCs. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify the target of miR-542-3p. Results Compared with yVSMCs, 28 downregulated and 34 upregulated miRNAs were identified in oVSMCs. It was confirmed by qRT-PCR that oVSMC expressed four times lower miR-542-3p than yVSMCs. Overexpressing miR-542-3p in yVSMCs suppressed the osteogenic differentiation induced by β-GP. Moreover, miR-542-3p targets BMP7 and overexpressing BMP7 in miR-542-3p–expressing yVSMCs reverses miR-542-3p’s inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions miR-542-3p regulates osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs through targeting BMP7, suggesting that the downregulation of miR-542-3p in oVSMCs plays a crucial role in osteogenic transition in the aging rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- The Precision Medicine Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 184 Chunhui Street, Lu Zhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dehui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Army Medical University, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao Q, Chen X, Huang C, Pollock CA. MicroRNA as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetic kidney disease: An update. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:375-388. [PMID: 32123840 PMCID: PMC6996361 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a life-limiting condition characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. Currently, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria are used as key markers to define DKD. However, they may not accurately indicate the degree of renal dysfunction and injury. Current therapeutic approaches for DKD, including attainment of blood pressure goals, optimal control of blood glucose and lipid levels, and the use of agents to block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can only slow the progression of DKD. Hence, early diagnosis and innovative strategies are needed to both prevent and treat DKD. In recent years, a novel class of noncoding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be involved in all biological processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. They are found to be in virtually all body fluids and used successfully as biomarkers for various diseases. Urinary miRNAs correlate with clinical and histologic parameters in DKD and differential urinary miRNA expression patterns have been reported. Kidney fibrosis is the common end stage of various CKD including DKD. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) is regarded as the master regulator of kidney fibrosis, which is likely at least in part through regulating miRNA expression. miRNA are widely involved in the progression of DKD via many molecular mechanisms. In this review, the involvement of miRNA in fibrosis, inflammation, hypertrophy, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and podocyte injury will be discussed, as these mechanisms are believed to offer new therapeutic targets that can be exploited to develop important treatments for DKD over the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cao
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Xin‐Ming Chen
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research LaboratoryKolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore hospitalSt Leonards, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang X, Cen X, Zhang B, Liao Y, Zhu G, Liu J, Zhao Z. Prospect of circular RNA in osteogenesis: A novel orchestrator of signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21450-21459. [PMID: 31131457 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuwei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guanyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou H, Gao L, Yu Z, Hong S, Zhang Z, Qiu Z. LncRNA HOTAIR promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating Notch1 pathway via the modulation of miR‐124. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:472-480. [PMID: 29717517 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Zuo‐hua Yu
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Shi‐jun Hong
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The People's Hospital of Fujian Province) Fuzhou China
| | - Zhi‐wei Zhang
- Department of ResearchBeijing Zhong Jian Dong Ke Company Beijing China
| | - Zhen‐zhen Qiu
- Department of Physical EducationMinjiang University Fuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kato M. Noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in early stage diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2018; 37:197-209. [PMID: 30254844 PMCID: PMC6147183 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major renal complication of diabetes that leads to renal dysfunction and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Major features of DKD include accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and glomerular hypertrophy, especially in early stage. Transforming growth factor-β plays key roles in regulation of profibrotic genes and signal transducers such as Akt kinase and MAPK as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidant stress, and autophagy related to hypertrophy in diabetes. Many drugs targeting the pathogenic signaling in DKD (mostly through protein-coding genes) are under development. However, because of the limited number of protein-coding genes, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are attracting more attention as potential new drug targets for human diseases. Some miRNAs and lncRNAs regulate each other (by hosting, enhancing transcription from the neighbor, hybridizing each other, and changing chromatin modifications) and create circuits and cascades enhancing the pathogenic signaling in DKD. In this short and focused review, the functional significance of ncRNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) in the early stages of DKD and their therapeutic potential are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou Y, Lv X, Qu H, Zhao K, Fu L, Zhu L, Ye G, Guo J. Preliminary screening and functional analysis of circular RNAs associated with hepatic stellate cell activation. Gene 2018; 677:317-323. [PMID: 30118889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen for circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) by monitoring changes in liver circRNA expression in a model of liver fibrosis. METHODS The classic mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was established and validated by histopathological examination. JS1 cells were activated by TGF-β1 to model HSC activation in vitro. Differentially expressed circRNAs in the fibrotic liver tissues and JS1 cells were determined using circRNA microarray, and some of those circRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR. The target genes of the above circRNAs were then predicted by bioinformatics analysis and summarized into a "circRNA-miRNA-mRNA" network diagram. Constructed plasmid mmu_circ_34116 siRNA was transfected to JS1 cells by Lipo2000, then we detected the expression changes of α-SMA. RESULTS A total of 10,389 circRNAs were identified by microarray screening, and 69 differentially expressed circRNAs were detected in the fibrotic liver tissues with >2-fold difference in expression level relative to normal liver tissues (P < 0.05); 14 circRNAs were up-regulated and 55 were down-regulated. Five differentially expressed circRNAs in fibrotic liver and JS1 cells were verified by RT-qPCR, while all five showed similar trends with the microarray results in the liver, only 3 circRNAs in the JS1 activation model were consistent with the microarray results while one showed no significant change and one circRNA was not detected. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the "mmu_circ_34116/miR-22-3P/BMP7" signal axis might be involved in the activation of HSC. Transfection experiment confirmed that the expression of α-SMA is significantly elevated as a result of inhibitory expression of mmu_circ_34116. CONCLUSION The circRNAs expression profile of liver tissue had changed in fibrosis mouse model, and some of these circRNAs may be associated with HSC activation. For instance, mmu_circ_34116 would inhibit HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
| | - Xueyou Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Kekai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Liyun Fu
- Department of Hepatology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Technology Research, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Technology Research, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grunig G, Eichstaedt CA, Verweyen J, Durmus N, Saxer S, Krafsur G, Stenmark K, Ulrich S, Grünig E, Pylawka S. Circulating MicroRNA Markers for Pulmonary Hypertension in Supervised Exercise Intervention and Nightly Oxygen Intervention. Front Physiol 2018; 9:955. [PMID: 30090067 PMCID: PMC6068281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Therapeutic exercise training has been shown to significantly improve pulmonary hypertension (PH), including 6-min walking distance and right heart function. Supplemental nightly oxygen also has therapeutic effects. A biomarker tool that could query critical gene networks would aid in understanding the molecular effects of the interventions. Methods: Paired bio-banked serum (n = 31) or plasma (n = 21) samples from the exercise or oxygen intervention studies, respectively, and bio-banked plasma samples (n = 20) from high altitude induced PH in cattle were tested. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) markers were chosen for study because they regulate gene expression, control the function of specific gene networks, and are conserved across species. Results: miRNAs that control muscle (miR-22-3p, miR-21-5p) or erythrocyte function (miR-451a) were chosen based on pilot experiments. Plasma samples from cattle that developed PH in high altitude had significantly higher miR-22-3p/(relative to) miR-451a values when compared to control cattle tolerant to high altitude. Measurements of miR-22-3p/miR-451a values in serum from patients receiving exercise training showed that the values were significantly decreased in 74.2% of the samples following intervention and significantly increased in the remainder (25.8%). In samples obtained after exercise intervention, a higher composite miRNA value, made of miR-22-3p and miR-21-5p/miR-451a and spike RNA, was significantly decreased in 65% of the samples and significantly increased in 35% of the samples. In the study of nightly oxygen intervention, when comparing placebo and oxygen, half of the samples showed a significant down-ward change and the other half a significant up-ward change measuring either of the miRNA markers. Samples that had a downward change in the miRNA marker following either intervention originated from patients who had a significantly higher 6-min-walking-distance at baseline (mean difference of 90 m or 80 m following exercise or oxygen intervention, respectively) when compared to samples that had an upward change in the miRNA marker. Conclusion: These natural animal model and human sample studies further highlight the utility of miRNAs as future biomarkers. The different directional changes of the miRNA markers following supervised exercise training or nightly oxygen intervention could indicate different PAH molecular pathomechanisms (endotypes). Further studies are needed to test this idea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Mirna Analytics LLC, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Nedim Durmus
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie Saxer
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta Krafsur
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mm9_circ_009056 enhances osteogenesis by targeting BMP7 via CGRP-mediated miR-22–3p. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Nemlich Y, Baruch EN, Besser MJ, Shoshan E, Bar-Eli M, Anafi L, Barshack I, Schachter J, Ortenberg R, Markel G. ADAR1-mediated regulation of melanoma invasion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2154. [PMID: 29855470 PMCID: PMC5981216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells use different migratory strategies to exit the primary tumor mass and invade surrounding and subsequently distant tissues. We reported previously that ADAR1 expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma, thereby facilitating proliferation. Here we show that ADAR1 silencing enhances melanoma cell invasiveness and ITGB3 expression. The enhanced invasion is reversed when ITGB3 is blocked with antibodies. Re-expression of wild-type or catalytically inactive ADAR1 establishes this mechanism as independent of RNA editing. We demonstrate that ADAR1 controls ITGB3 expression both at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, via miR-22 and PAX6 transcription factor, respectively. These are proven here as direct regulators of ITGB3 expression. miR-22 expression is controlled by ADAR1 via FOXD1 transcription factor. Clinical relevance is demonstrated in patient-paired progression tissue microarray using immunohistochemistry. The novel ADAR1-dependent and RNA-editing-independent regulation of invasion, mediated by ITGB3, strongly points to a central involvement of ADAR1 in cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Erez Nissim Baruch
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Judith Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Einav Shoshan
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liat Anafi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. .,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang H, Zhang Q, Wang B, Wu W, Wei J, Li P, Huang R. miR-22 regulates C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation by targeting TGFBR1. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:257-268. [PMID: 29588073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, miR-22 was found to be differentially expressed in different skeletal muscle growth period, indicated that it might have function in skeletal muscle myogenesis. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-22 was the most in skeletal muscle and was gradually up-regulated during mouse myoblast cell (C2C12 myoblast cell line) differentiation. Overexpression of miR-22 repressed C2C12 myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast differentiation into myotubes, whereas inhibition of miR-22 showed the opposite results. During myogenesis, we predicted and verified transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1), a key receptor of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, was a target gene of miR-22. Then, we found miR-22 could regulate the expression of TGFBR1 and down-regulate the Smad3 signaling pathway. Knockdown of TGFBR1 by siRNA suppressed the proliferation of C2C12 cells but induced its differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of TGFBR1 significantly promoted proliferation but inhibited differentiation of the myoblast. Additionally, when C2C12 cells were treated with different concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), the level of miR-22 in C2C12 cells was reduced. The TGFBR1 protein level was significantly elevated in C2C12 cells treated with TGF-β1. Moreover, miR-22 was able to inhibit TGF-β1-induced TGFBR1 expression in C2C12 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 inhibited miR-22 expression in C2C12 cells and miR-22 regulated C2C12 cell myogenesis by targeting TGFBR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - BinBin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - WangJun Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Julong Wei
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Genome-wide Profiling of Urinary Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs Associated With Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 3:555-572. [PMID: 29854963 PMCID: PMC5976846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a form of progressive kidney disease that often leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is initiated by microvascular complications due to diabetes. Although microalbuminuria (MA) is the earliest clinical indication of DN among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), it lacks the sensitivity and specificity to detect the early onset of DN. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in diabetes as well as various forms of kidney disease, including renal fibrosis, acute kidney injury, and progressive kidney disease. Additionally, circulating extracellular miRNAs, especially miRNAs packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs), have garnered significant attention as potential noninvasive biomarkers for various diseases and health conditions. Methods As part of the University of Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study, urine was collected from individuals with T1D with various grades of DN or MA (normal, overt, intermittent, and persistent) over a decade at prespecified intervals. We isolated EVs from urine and analyzed the small-RNA using NextGen sequencing. Results We identified a set of miRNAs that are enriched in urinary EVs compared with EV-depleted samples, and identified a number of miRNAs showing concentration changes associated with DN occurrence, MA status, and other variables, such as hemoglobin A1c levels. Conclusion Many of the miRNAs associated with DN occurrence or MA status directly target pathways associated with renal fibrosis (including transforming growth factor-β and phosphatase and tensin homolog), which is one of the major contributors to the pathology of DN. These miRNAs are potential biomarkers for DN and MA.
Collapse
|
27
|
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition preserves renal hemodynamics and function in mice with diabetic kidney disease by modulating miR-22 and BMP7. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44584. [PMID: 28294194 PMCID: PMC5353686 DOI: 10.1038/srep44584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Preclinical and experimental studies show that PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5is) exert protective effects in DN improving perivascular inflammation. Using a mouse model of diabetic kidney injury we investigated the protective proprieties of PDE5is on renal hemodynamics and the molecular mechanisms involved. PDE5i treatment prevented the development of DN-related hypertension (P < 0.001), the increase of urine albumin creatinine ratio (P < 0.01), the fall in glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001), and improved renal resistive index (P < 0.001) and kidney microcirculation. Moreover PDE5i attenuated the rise of nephropathy biomarkers, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, suPAR and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL. In treated animals, blood vessel perfusion was improved and vascular leakage reduced, suggesting preserved renal endothelium integrity, as confirmed by higher capillary density, number of CD31+ cells and pericyte coverage. Analysis of the mechanisms involved revealed the induction of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) expression, a critical regulator of angiogenesis and kidney homeostasis, through a PDE5i-dependent downregulation of miR-22. In conclusion PDE5i slows the progression of DN in mice, improving hemodynamic parameters and vessel integrity. Regulation of miR-22/BMP7, an unknown mechanism of PDE5is in nephrovascular protection, might represent a novel therapeutic option for treatment of diabetic complications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Danielson KM, Rubio R, Abderazzaq F, Das S, Wang YE. High Throughput Sequencing of Extracellular RNA from Human Plasma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0164644. [PMID: 28060806 PMCID: PMC5218574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence and relative stability of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in biofluids has led to an emerging recognition of their promise as ‘liquid biopsies’ for diseases. Most prior studies on discovery of exRNAs as disease-specific biomarkers have focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) using technologies such as qRT-PCR and microarrays. The recent application of next-generation sequencing to discovery of exRNA biomarkers has revealed the presence of potential novel miRNAs as well as other RNA species such as tRNAs, snoRNAs, piRNAs and lncRNAs in biofluids. At the same time, the use of RNA sequencing for biofluids poses unique challenges, including low amounts of input RNAs, the presence of exRNAs in different compartments with varying degrees of vulnerability to isolation techniques, and the high abundance of specific RNA species (thereby limiting the sensitivity of detection of less abundant species). Moreover, discovery in human diseases often relies on archival biospecimens of varying age and limiting amounts of samples. In this study, we have tested RNA isolation methods to optimize profiling exRNAs by RNA sequencing in individuals without any known diseases. Our findings are consistent with other recent studies that detect microRNAs and ribosomal RNAs as the major exRNA species in plasma. Similar to other recent studies, we found that the landscape of biofluid microRNA transcriptome is dominated by several abundant microRNAs that appear to comprise conserved extracellular miRNAs. There is reasonable correlation of sets of conserved miRNAs across biological replicates, and even across other data sets obtained at different investigative sites. Conversely, the detection of less abundant miRNAs is far more dependent on the exact methodology of RNA isolation and profiling. This study highlights the challenges in detecting and quantifying less abundant plasma miRNAs in health and disease using RNA sequencing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M. Danielson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Renee Rubio
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Fieda Abderazzaq
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YEW); (SD)
| | - Yaoyu E. Wang
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YEW); (SD)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and migration. The TGF-β family members signal via heteromeric complexes of type I and type II receptors, which activate members of the Smad family of signal transducers. The main attribute of the TGF-β signaling pathway is context-dependence. Depending on the concentration and type of ligand, target tissue, and developmental stage, TGF-β family members transmit distinct signals. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental defects and human diseases. More than a decade of studies have revealed the framework by which TGF-βs encode a context-dependent signal, which includes various positive and negative modifiers of the principal elements of the signaling pathway, the receptors, and the Smad proteins. In this review, we first introduce some basic components of the TGF-β signaling pathways and their actions, and then discuss posttranslational modifications and modulatory partners that modify the outcome of the signaling and contribute to its context-dependence, including small noncoding RNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Koenig EM, Fisher C, Bernard H, Wolenski FS, Gerrein J, Carsillo M, Gallacher M, Tse A, Peters R, Smith A, Meehan A, Tirrell S, Kirby P. The beagle dog MicroRNA tissue atlas: identifying translatable biomarkers of organ toxicity. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:649. [PMID: 27535741 PMCID: PMC4989286 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNA) are varied in length, under 25 nucleotides, single-stranded noncoding RNA that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via translational repression or mRNA degradation. Elevated levels of miRNAs can be detected in systemic circulation after tissue injury, suggesting that miRNAs are released following cellular damage. Because of their remarkable stability, ease of detection in biofluids, and tissue specific expression patterns, miRNAs have the potential to be specific biomarkers of organ injury. The identification of miRNA biomarkers requires a systematic approach: 1) determine the miRNA tissue expression profiles within a mammalian species via next generation sequencing; 2) identify enriched and/or specific miRNA expression within organs of toxicologic interest, and 3) in vivo validation with tissue-specific toxicants. While miRNA tissue expression has been reported in rodents and humans, little data exists on miRNA tissue expression in the dog, a relevant toxicology species. The generation and evaluation of the first dog miRNA tissue atlas is described here. Results Analysis of 16 tissues from five male beagle dogs identified 106 tissue enriched miRNAs, 60 of which were highly enriched in a single organ, and thus may serve as biomarkers of organ injury. A proof of concept study in dogs dosed with hepatotoxicants evaluated a qPCR panel of 15 tissue enriched miRNAs specific to liver, heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, testes, and brain. Dogs with elevated serum levels of miR-122 and miR-885 had a correlative increase of alanine aminotransferase, and microscopic analysis confirmed liver damage. Other non-liver enriched miRNAs included in the screening panel were unaffected. Eli Lilly authors created a complimentary Sprague Dawely rat miRNA tissue atlas and demonstrated increased pancreas enriched miRNA levels in circulation, following caerulein administration in rat and dog. Conclusion The dog miRNA tissue atlas provides a resource for biomarker discovery and can be further mined with refinement of dog genome annotation. The 60 highly enriched tissue miRNAs identified within the dog miRNA tissue atlas could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and will require further validation by in vivo correlation to histopathology. Once validated, these tissue enriched miRNAs could be combined into a powerful qPCR screening panel to identify organ toxicity during early drug development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2958-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Koenig
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Craig Fisher
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hugues Bernard
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Francis S Wolenski
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Gerrein
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mary Carsillo
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matt Gallacher
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aimy Tse
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rachel Peters
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aaron Smith
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 S. Delaware, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Alexa Meehan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen Tirrell
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Patrick Kirby
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Muñoz-Félix JM, Cuesta C, Perretta-Tejedor N, Subileau M, López-Hernández FJ, López-Novoa JM, Martínez-Salgado C. Identification of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) as a novel profibrotic factor in vitro. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1252-1261. [PMID: 27208502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upregulated synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by myofibroblasts is a common phenomenon in the development of fibrosis. Although the role of TGF-β in fibrosis development has been extensively studied, the involvement of other members of this superfamily of cytokines, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in organ fibrosis has given contradictory results. BMP9 is the main ligand for activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) TGF-β1 type I receptor and its effect on fibrosis development is unknown. Our purpose was to study the effect of BMP9 in ECM protein synthesis in fibroblasts, as well as the involved receptors and signaling pathways. In cultured mice fibroblasts, BMP9 induces an increase in collagen, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor expression, associated with Smad1/5/8, Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 activation. ALK5 inhibition with SB431542 or ALK1/2/3/6 with dorsomorphin-1, inhibition of Smad3 activation with SIS3, and inhibition of the MAPK/Erk1/2 with U0126, demonstrates the involvement of these pathways in BMP9-induced ECM synthesis in MEFs. Whereas BMP9 induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation through ALK1, it also induces Smad2/3 phosphorylation through ALK5 but only in the presence of ALK1. Summarizing, this is the first study that accurately identifies BMP9 as a profibrotic factor in fibroblasts that promotes ECM protein expression through ALK1 and ALK5 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Muñoz-Félix
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuesta
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Perretta-Tejedor
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariela Subileau
- Inserm, U1036, CEA, DSV, Irtsv, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Manson SR, Austin PF, Guo Q, Moore KH. BMP-7 Signaling and its Critical Roles in Kidney Development, the Responses to Renal Injury, and Chronic Kidney Disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 99:91-144. [PMID: 26279374 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health problem that most commonly results from congenital abnormalities in children and chronic renal injury in adults. The therapeutic potential of BMP-7 was first recognized nearly two decades ago with studies demonstrating its requirement for kidney development and ability to inhibit the pathogenesis of renal injury in models of CKD. Since this time, our understanding of CKD has advanced considerably and treatment strategies have evolved with the identification of many additional signaling pathways, cell types, and pathologic processes that contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to revisit the seminal studies that initially established the importance of BMP-7, highlight recent advances in BMP-7 research, and then integrate this knowledge with current research paradigms. We will provide an overview of the evolutionarily conserved roles of BMP proteins and the features that allow BMP signaling pathways to function as critical signaling nodes for controlling biological processes, including those related to CKD. We will discuss the multifaceted functions of BMP-7 during kidney development and the potential for alterations in BMP-7 signaling to result in congenital abnormalities and pediatric kidney disease. We will summarize the renal protective effects of recombinant BMP-7 in experimental models of CKD and then propose a model to describe the potential physiological role of endogenous BMP-7 in the innate repair mechanisms of the kidneys that respond to renal injury. Finally, we will highlight emerging clinical approaches for applying our knowledge of BMP-7 toward improving the treatment of patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Manson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Paul F Austin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelynn H Moore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Renal and Hepatic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2015; 5:jcm5010004. [PMID: 26729181 PMCID: PMC4730129 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), particularly, type 2 EMT, is important in progressive renal and hepatic fibrosis. In this process, incompletely regenerated renal epithelia lose their epithelial characteristics and gain migratory mesenchymal qualities as myofibroblasts. In hepatic fibrosis (importantly, cirrhosis), the process also occurs in injured hepatocytes and hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), as well as ductular reaction-related bile epithelia. Interestingly, the ductular reaction contributes partly to hepatocarcinogenesis of HPCs, and further, regenerating cholangiocytes after injury may be derived from hepatic stellate cells via mesenchymal to epithelia transition, a reverse phenomenon of type 2 EMT. Possible pathogenesis of type 2 EMT and its differences between renal and hepatic fibrosis are reviewed based on our experimental data.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bhatt K, Kato M, Natarajan R. Mini-review: emerging roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F109-18. [PMID: 26538441 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously produced short noncoding regulatory RNAs that can repress gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. They can therefore influence both normal and pathological conditions in diverse biological systems. Several miRNAs have been detected in kidneys, where they have been found to be crucial for renal development and normal physiological functions as well as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of renal disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and others, due to their effects on key genes involved in these disease processes. miRNAs have also emerged as novel biomarkers in these renal disorders. Due to increasing evidence of their actions in various kidney segments, in this mini-review we discuss the functional significance of altered miRNA expression during the development of renal pathologies and highlight emerging miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic strategies for early detection and treatment of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Bhatt
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Muñoz-Félix JM, González-Núñez M, Martínez-Salgado C, López-Novoa JM. TGF-β/BMP proteins as therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis. Where have we arrived after 25 years of trials and tribulations? Pharmacol Ther 2015; 156:44-58. [PMID: 26493350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains as a challenge. More than 10% of the population of developed countries suffer from CKD. Proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins are the main features of kidney fibrosis, a process in which a large number of cytokines are involved. Targeting cytokines responsible for kidney fibrosis development might be an important strategy to face the problem of CKD. The increasing knowledge of the signaling pathway network of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily members, such as the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 or the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and their involvement in the regulation of kidney fibrosis, has stimulated numerous research teams to look for potential strategies to inhibit profibrotic cytokines or to enhance the anti-fibrotic actions of other cytokines. The consequence of all these studies is a better understanding of all these canonical (Smad-mediated) and non-canonical signaling pathways. In addition, the different receptors involved for signaling of each cytokine, the different combinations of type I-type II receptors, and the presence and function of co-receptors that can influence the biological response have been also described. However, are these studies leading to suitable strategies to block the appearance and progression of kidney fibrosis? In this review, we offer a critical perspective analyzing the achievements using the most important strategies developed up till now: TGF-β antibodies, chemical inhibitors of TGF-β receptors, miRNAs and signaling pathways and BMP agonists with a potential role as therapeutic molecules against kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Muñoz-Félix
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María González-Núñez
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kato M, Natarajan R. MicroRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: functions, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1353:72-88. [PMID: 25877817 PMCID: PMC4607544 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms and thereby affect many cellular processes and disease states. Over 2,000 human mature miRNAs have been identified, and at least 60% of all human protein-coding genes are known to be regulated by miRNAs. MicroRNA biogenesis involves classical transcription regulation and processing by key ribonucleases, as well as other protein factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe microvascular complication frequently associated with diabetes mellitus, is a major cause of renal failure. Although several mechanisms of regulation of key renal genes implicated in DN pathogenesis have been identified, a greater understanding is needed to develop better treatment modalities. Recent studies show that miRNAs induced in renal cells in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions can promote the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins related to fibrosis and glomerular dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the significance of the expression of miRNAs in various stages of DN and emerging approaches to exploit them as biomarkers for early detection or novel therapeutic targets to prevent progression of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
MicroRNAs and their applications in kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:727-40. [PMID: 24928414 PMCID: PMC4265577 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that employ classic Watson-Crick base-pairing to identify their target genes, ultimately resulting in destabilization of their target mRNAs and/or inhibition of their translation. The role of miRNAs in a wide range of human diseases, including those afflicting the kidney, has been intensely investigated. However, there is still a vast dearth of knowledge regarding their specific mode of action and therapeutic effects in various kidney diseases. This review discusses the latest efforts to further our understanding of the basic biology of miRNAs, their impact on various kidney diseases and their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents. We initially provide an overview of miRNA biology and the canonical pathway implicated in their biogenesis. We then discuss commonly employed experimental strategies for miRNA research and highlight some of the newly described state-of-the-art technologies to identify miRNAs and their target genes. Finally, we carefully examine the emerging role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases.
Collapse
|
38
|
Brazil DP, Church RH, Surae S, Godson C, Martin F. BMP signalling: agony and antagony in the family. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:249-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
39
|
Huang ZP, Wang DZ. miR-22 in cardiac remodeling and disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 24:267-72. [PMID: 25218673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression during cardiac development and remodeling is very complicated, involving epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational regulation. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac remodeling is still far from complete. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to play critical roles in gene regulation in cardiovascular biology and disease. microRNA-22 (miR-22) is an evolutionally conserved miRNA that is highly expressed in the heart. Recent studies uncovered miR-22 as an important regulator for cardiac remodeling. miR-22 modulates the expression and function of genes involved in hypertrophic response, sarcomere reorganization, and metabolic program shift during cardiac remodeling. In this review, we will focus on the recent findings of miR-22 in cardiac remodeling and the therapeutic potential of this miRNA in the treatment of related defects resulting from adverse cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children׳s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children׳s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe microvascular complication frequently associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, is a leading cause of renal failure. The condition can also lead to accelerated cardiovascular disease and macrovascular complications. Currently available therapies have not been fully efficacious in the treatment of DN, suggesting that further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DN is necessary for the improved management of this disease. Although key signal transduction and gene regulation mechanisms have been identified, especially those related to the effects of hyperglycaemia, transforming growth factor β1 and angiotensin II, progress in functional genomics, high-throughput sequencing technology, epigenetics and systems biology approaches have greatly expanded our knowledge and uncovered new molecular mechanisms and factors involved in DN. These mechanisms include DNA methylation, chromatin histone modifications, novel transcripts and functional noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. In this Review, we discuss the significance of these emerging mechanisms, how they mediate the actions of growth factors to augment the expression of extracellular matrix and inflammatory genes associated with DN and their potential usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets for DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|