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Du Y, He Z, Jin S, Jin G, Wang K, Yang F, Zhang J. Targeting histone methylation and demethylation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107698. [PMID: 39126869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide, facing increasing challenges in terms of prevention and treatment. The methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histone proteins is dynamically controlled by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs), regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription. Mutations, genetic translocations, and altered gene expression involving HMTs and HDMs are frequently observed in NAFLD. HMTs and HDMs are receiving increasing attention in regulating NALFD. Targeting specific HMTs and HDMs for drug development is becoming a new strategy for treating NAFLD. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the regulatory mechanism of histone methylation/demethylation in NAFLD. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of HMTs and HDMs inhibitors in preventing NAFLD, which may provide a scientific basis for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Du
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhangxu He
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Sasa Jin
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Jin
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046 Zhengzhou, PR China.
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2
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Bassal MA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Metabolism and Epigenetics in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:944. [PMID: 37371524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism (or energetics) and epigenetics are tightly coupled cellular processes. It is arguable that of all the described cancer hallmarks, dysregulated cellular energetics and epigenetics are the most tightly coregulated. Cellular metabolic states regulate and drive epigenetic changes while also being capable of influencing, if not driving, epigenetic reprogramming. Conversely, epigenetic changes can drive altered and compensatory metabolic states. Cancer cells meticulously modify and control each of these two linked cellular processes in order to maintain their tumorigenic potential and capacity. This review aims to explore the interplay between these two processes and discuss how each affects the other, driving and enhancing tumorigenic states in certain contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Adel Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Wang N, LaVasseur C, Riaz R, Papoin J, Blanc L, Narla A. Targeting of Calbindin 1 rescues erythropoiesis in a human model of Diamond Blackfan anemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 102:102759. [PMID: 37267698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by congenital anomalies, cancer predisposition and a severe hypo-proliferative anemia. It was the first disease linked to ribosomal dysfunction and >70 % of patients have been identified to have a haploinsufficiency of a ribosomal protein (RP) gene, with RPS19 being the most common mutation. There is significant variability within the disease in terms of phenotype as well as response to therapy suggesting that other genes contribute to the pathophysiology and potential management of this disease. To explore these questions, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen in a cellular model of DBA and identified Calbindin 1 (CALB1), a member of the calcium-binding superfamily, as a potential modifier of the disordered erythropoiesis in DBA. We used human derived CD34+ cells cultured in erythroid stimulating media with knockdown of RPS19 as a model for DBA to study the effects of CALB1. We found that knockdown of CALB1 in this DBA model promoted erythroid maturation. We also noted effects of CALB1 knockdown on cell cycle. Taken together, our results reveal CALB1 is a novel regulator of human erythropoiesis and has implications for using CALB1 as a novel therapeutic target in DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Corinne LaVasseur
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Rao Riaz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Julien Papoin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States of America.
| | - Anupama Narla
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America.
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4
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Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
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5
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Elucidation of the Role of FAM210B in Mitochondrial Metabolism and Erythropoiesis. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0014322. [PMID: 36374104 PMCID: PMC9753634 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00143-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential and specific roles during erythroid differentiation. Recently, FAM210B, encoding a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, has been identified as a novel target of GATA-1, as well as an erythropoietin-inducible gene. While FAM210B protein is involved in regulate mitochondrial metabolism and heme biosynthesis, its detailed function remains unknown. Here, we generated both knockout and knockdown of endogenous FAM210B in human induced pluripotent stem-derived erythroid progenitor (HiDEP) cells using CRISPR/Cas9 methodology. Intriguingly, erythroid differentiation was more pronounced in the FAM210B-depleted cells, and this resulted in increased frequency of orthochromatic erythroblasts and decreased frequencies of basophilic/polychromatic erythroblasts. Comprehensive metabolite analysis and functional analysis indicated that oxygen consumption rates and the NAD (NAD+)/NADH ratio were significantly decreased, while lactate production was significantly increased in FAM210B deletion HiDEP cells, indicating involvement of FAM210B in mitochondrial energy metabolism in erythroblasts. Finally, we purified FAM210B-interacting protein from K562 cells that stably expressed His/biotin-tagged FAM210B. Mass spectrometry analysis of the His/biotin-purified material indicated interactions with multiple subunits of mitochondrial ATP synthases, such as subunit alpha (ATP5A) and beta (ATP5B). Our results suggested that FAM210B contributes prominently to erythroid differentiation by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism. Our results provide insights into the pathophysiology of dysregulated hematopoiesis.
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6
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Bhattacharjee R, Ghosh S, Nath A, Basu A, Biswas O, Patil CR, Kundu CN. Theragnostic strategies harnessing the self-renewal pathways of stem-like cells in the acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 177:103753. [PMID: 35803452 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous and aggressive cancer of the Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor cells. It is distinguished by the uncontrollable clonal growth of malignant myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow, venous blood, and other body tissues. AML is the most predominant of leukemias occurring in adults (25%) and children (15-20%). The relapse after chemotherapy is a major concern in the treatment of AML. The overall 5-year survival rate in young AML patients is about 40-45% whereas in the elderly patients it is less than 10%. Leukemia stem-like cells (LSCs) having the ability to self-renew indefinitely, repopulate and persist longer in the G0/G1 phase play a crucial role in the AML relapse and refractoriness to chemotherapy. Hence, novel treatment strategies and diagnostic biomarkers targeting LSCs are being increasingly investigated. Through this review, we have explored the signaling modulations in the LSCs as the theragnostic targets. The significance of the self-renewal pathways in overcoming the treatment challenges in AML has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sharad Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arijit Nath
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asmita Basu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ojaswi Biswas
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chandragauda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, DIPSAR, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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7
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Özel M, Kilic E, Baskol M, Akalın H, Baskol G. The Effect of EZH2 Inhibition through DZNep on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanism. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:139-148. [PMID: 33861639 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain, it is known that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism and epigenetic changes have an important role. This study was focused on evaluating the relationship of 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) with the EMT mechanism, which is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor on HCC and is also known as an enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor. Cell viability of HepG2 cells (HCC cell line) assessed for DZNep over 72 hours with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, colony-forming assay, apoptosis assay, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were performed to see the effect of DZNep on HepG2 cells. DZNep reduced cell proliferation for 72 hours, also significantly reduced colony formation in addition it increased the total apoptosis. DZNep on EZH2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin (Vim) gene expressions was given different results by either decreasing or increasing the expressions. In this study, we observed a positive effect of DZNep on apoptosis and TIMP3 expression level and decreased colony formation. However, it gave complicated results with the level of gene expression E-cadherin and TIMP2, increase the level of Vim and MMP2 expression. Therefore, we think that further studies are necessary to clarify the role of DZNep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Özel
- Department of Biochemistry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Eser Kilic
- Department of Biochemistry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Baskol
- Department of Gastroenterology and Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hilal Akalın
- Department of Genetics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gülden Baskol
- Department of Biochemistry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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8
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Yee J, Bazán-Tejeda ML, García-Villa E, Bermúdez-Cruz RM. Sirtuin GdSir2.4 participates in the regulation of rRNA transcription in the Giardia duodenalis parasite. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:1039-1053. [PMID: 33665906 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a parasite of great medical interest due to the number of infections it causes worldwide each year. Although research on epigenetic mechanisms in this protist has only begun recently, epigenetic regulation has already been shown to have important roles in encystation, antigenic variation, and resistance to antibiotics in Giardia. In this work, we show that a Giardia ortholog of Sir2, GdSir2.4, is involved in the silencing of rRNA expression. Our results demonstrate that GdSir2.4 localizes to the nucleolus, and its binding to the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA is associated with the deacetylation of the chromatin in this region. Given the importance of the regulation of rRNA expression to maintain adequate levels of ribosomes and genomic stability within the cells, GdSir2.4 can be considered a target to create new therapeutic agents against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Yee
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - María Luisa Bazán-Tejeda
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique García-Villa
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Wang Z, Wang P, Li Y, Peng H, Zhu Y, Mohandas N, Liu J. Interplay between cofactors and transcription factors in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:24. [PMID: 33468999 PMCID: PMC7815747 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis requires finely tuned regulation of gene expression at each stage of development. The regulation of gene transcription involves not only individual transcription factors (TFs) but also transcription complexes (TCs) composed of transcription factor(s) and multisubunit cofactors. In their normal compositions, TCs orchestrate lineage-specific patterns of gene expression and ensure the production of the correct proportions of individual cell lineages during hematopoiesis. The integration of posttranslational and conformational modifications in the chromatin landscape, nucleosomes, histones and interacting components via the cofactor–TF interplay is critical to optimal TF activity. Mutations or translocations of cofactor genes are expected to alter cofactor–TF interactions, which may be causative for the pathogenesis of various hematologic disorders. Blocking TF oncogenic activity in hematologic disorders through targeting cofactors in aberrant complexes has been an exciting therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the models and functions of cofactor–TF interplay in physiological hematopoiesis and highlight their implications in the etiology of hematological malignancies. This review presents a deep insight into the physiological and pathological implications of transcription machinery in the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, ChangSha, Hunan, China. .,Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Aspergillus fumigatus, One Uninucleate Species with Disparate Offspring. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010030. [PMID: 33419224 PMCID: PMC7825634 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of a fungal infection due to Aspergillus fumigatus relies on the efficient germination of the airborne conidia once they penetrate the respiratory tract. However, the features of conidial germination have been poorly explored and understood in this fungal species as well as in other species of filamentous fungi. We show here that the germination of A. fumigatus is asynchronous. If the nutritional environment and extensive gene deletions can modify the germination parameters for A. fumigatus, the asynchrony is maintained in all germinative conditions tested. Even though the causes for this asynchrony of conidial germination remain unknown, asynchrony is essential for the completion of the biological cycle of this filamentous fungus.
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11
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Lim HJ, Kim M. EZH2 as a Potential Target for NAFLD Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228617. [PMID: 33207561 PMCID: PMC7697020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease that is affected by genetic predisposition and epigenetic modification. Deregulation of epigenetic pathways is now recognized as a frequent event in NAFLD, and understanding the mechanistic roles of these epigenetic factors may lead to new strategies for NAFLD treatment. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) catalyzes methylation on Lys 27 of histone H3, which leads to chromatin compaction and gene silencing. EZH2 regulates embryonic development and cell lineage determination and is related to many human diseases. Recent studies show that EZH2 has critical roles in liver development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Moreover, aberrant activation of EZH2 promotes NAFLD progression. Several EZH2 inhibitors have been developed and studied both in vitro and in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of EZH2 in NAFLD and highlight its potential as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-879-8113
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12
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Guo X, Plank-Bazinet J, Krivega I, Dale RK, Dean A. Embryonic erythropoiesis and hemoglobin switching require transcriptional repressor ETO2 to modulate chromatin organization. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10226-10240. [PMID: 32960220 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of transcriptional co-repressor ETO2 during early erythropoiesis and hemoglobin switching is unclear. We find that absence of ETO2 in mice interferes with down-regulation of PU.1 and GATA2 in the fetal liver, impeding a key step required for commitment to erythroid maturation. In human β-globin transgenic Eto2 null mice and in human CD34+ erythroid progenitor cells with reduced ETO2, loss of ETO2 results in ineffective silencing of embryonic/fetal globin gene expression, impeding hemoglobin switching during erythroid differentiation. ETO2 occupancy genome-wide occurs virtually exclusively at LDB1-complex binding sites in enhancers and ETO2 loss leads to increased enhancer activity and expression of target genes. ETO2 recruits the NuRD nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation complex to regulate histone acetylation and nucleosome occupancy in the β-globin locus control region and γ-globin gene. Loss of ETO2 elevates LDB1, MED1 and Pol II in the locus and facilitates fetal γ-globin/LCR looping and γ-globin transcription. Absence of the ETO2 hydrophobic heptad repeat region impairs ETO2-NuRD interaction and function in antagonizing γ-globin/LCR looping. Our results reveal a pivotal role for ETO2 in erythropoiesis and globin gene switching through its repressive role in the LDB1 complex, affecting the transcription factor and epigenetic environment and ultimately restructuring chromatin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3154, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Plank-Bazinet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3154, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Krivega
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3154, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan K Dale
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3154, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ann Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3154, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Liebisch M, Wolf G. AGE-Induced Suppression of EZH2 Mediates Injury of Podocytes by Reducing H3K27me3. Am J Nephrol 2020; 51:676-692. [PMID: 32854097 DOI: 10.1159/000510140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycemia, a pivotal feature of diabetes mellitus (DM), initiates the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms, which may cause injury to renal podocytes, a central feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Previous data of our group showed that AGEs significantly reduce the expression of NIPP1 (nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1) in podocytes in vitro as well as in human and murine DKD. NIPP1 was shown by others to interact with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which catalyzes the repressive methylation of H3K27me3 on histone 3. Therefore, we hypothesized that AGEs can directly induce epigenetic changes in podocytes. METHODS We analyzed the relevance of AGEs on EZH2 expression and activity in a murine podocyte cell line. Cells were treated with 5 mg/mL glycated BSA for 24 h. To determine the meaning of EZH2 suppression, EZH2 activity was inhibited by incubating the cells with the pharmacological methyltransferase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A; EZH2 expression was repressed with siRNA. mRNA expression was analyzed with real-time PCR, and protein expression with Western blot. EZH2 expression and level of H3K27 trimethylation in podocytes of diabetic db/db mice, a mouse model for type 2 DM, were analyzed using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that AGEs decrease EZH2 expression in podocytes and consequently reduce H3K27me3. This suppression of EZH2 mimicked the AGE effects and caused an upregulated expression of pathological factors that contribute to podocyte injury in DKD. In addition, analyses of db/db mice showed significantly reduced H3K27me3 and EZH2 expression in podocytes. Moreover, the suppression of NIPP1 and EZH2 showed similar effects regarding podocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide a novel pathway how AGEs contribute to podocyte injury and the formation of the so-called metabolic memory in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Liebisch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany,
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14
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Hapugaswatta H, Amarasena P, Premaratna R, Seneviratne KN, Jayathilaka N. Differential expression of microRNA, miR-150 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in peripheral blood cells as early prognostic markers of severe forms of dengue. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:25. [PMID: 31954402 PMCID: PMC6969970 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue presents a wide clinical spectrum. Most patients recover following a self-limiting non-severe clinical course. A small proportion of patients progress to severe disease, mostly characterized by plasma leakage with or without hemorrhage. Early symptoms of severe dengue (SD) are similar to those of non-severe dengue fever (DF). Severe symptoms manifest after 3–5 days of fever, which can be life threatening due to lack of proper medications and inability to distinguish severe cases during the early stages. Early prediction of SD in patients with no warning signs who may later develop severe infection is very important for proper disease management to alleviate related complications and mortality. microRNA are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Due to the remarkable stability and the role of microRNA in gene expression, altered expression of microRNA was evaluated to explore clinically relevant prognostic markers of severe dengue. Methods The relative expression of microRNA hsa-let-7e (let-7e), hsa-miR-30b-5p (miR-30b), hsa-miR-30e-3p (miR-30e), hsa-miR-33a (miR-33a), and hsa-miR-150-5p (miR-150) and several putative target genes in peripheral blood cells (PBC) collected from 20 DF and 20 SD positive patients within 4 days from fever onset was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Results miR-150 showed significant (P < 0.01) up regulation in PBC of SD patients compared to DF patients during the acute phase of infection. Expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was significantly (P < 0.01) down regulated indicating that genes involved in epigenetic regulation are also differentially expressed in SD patients during the early stage of infection. Conclusions Differential expression of microRNA miR-150 and the putative target gene EZH2 may serve as reliable biomarkers of disease severity during early stages of dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Hapugaswatta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ranjan Premaratna
- North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kapila N Seneviratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nimanthi Jayathilaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.
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15
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Zhang J, Lee YR, Dang F, Gan W, Menon AV, Katon JM, Hsu CH, Asara JM, Tibarewal P, Leslie NR, Shi Y, Pandolfi PP, Wei W. PTEN Methylation by NSD2 Controls Cellular Sensitivity to DNA Damage. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1306-1323. [PMID: 31217297 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of PTEN in the cytoplasm largely depends on its lipid-phosphatase activity, though which it antagonizes the PI3K-AKT oncogenic pathway. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PTEN in the nucleus remain largely elusive. Here, we report that DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) promote PTEN interaction with MDC1 upon ATM-dependent phosphorylation of T/S398-PTEN. Importantly, DNA DSBs enhance NSD2 (MMSET/WHSC1)-mediated dimethylation of PTEN at K349, which is recognized by the tudor domain of 53BP1 to recruit PTEN to DNA-damage sites, governing efficient repair of DSBs partly through dephosphorylation of γH2AX. Of note, inhibiting NSD2-mediated methylation of PTEN, either through expressing methylation-deficient PTEN mutants or through inhibiting NSD2, sensitizes cancer cells to combinatorial treatment with a PI3K inhibitor and DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo xenograft models. Therefore, our study provides a novel molecular mechanism for PTEN regulation of DSB repair in a methylation- and protein phosphatase-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE: NSD2-mediated dimethylation of PTEN is recognized by the 53BP1 tudor domain to facilitate PTEN recruitment into DNA-damage sites, governing efficient repair of DNA DSBs. Importantly, inhibiting PTEN methylation sensitizes cancer cells to combinatorial treatment with a PI3K inhibitor combined with DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo xenograft models.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Archita Venugopal Menon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse M Katon
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Public Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priyanka Tibarewal
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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16
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Zhou J, Huang S, Wang Z, Huang J, Xu L, Tang X, Wan YY, Li QJ, Symonds ALJ, Long H, Zhu B. Targeting EZH2 histone methyltransferase activity alleviates experimental intestinal inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2427. [PMID: 31160593 PMCID: PMC6547712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27Me3) is critical for immune regulation. However, evidence is lacking to address the effect of EZH2 enzyme's activity on intestinal immune responses during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we report that suppressing EZH2 activity ameliorates experimental intestinal inflammation and delayed the onset of colitis-associated cancer. In addition, we identified an increased number of functional MDSCs in the colons, which are essential for EZH2 inhibitor activity. Moreover, inhibition of EZH2 activity promotes the generation of MDSCs from hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro, demonstrating a previously unappreciated role for EZH2 in the development of MDSCs. Together, these findings suggest the feasibility of EZH2 inhibitor clinical trials for the control of IBD. In addition, this study identifies MDSC-promoting effects of EZH2 inhibitors that may be undesirable in other therapeutic contexts and should be addressed in a clinical trial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiani Huang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xuefeng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yisong Y Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alistair L J Symonds
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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17
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Generation and Molecular Characterization of Human Ring Sideroblasts: a Key Role of Ferrous Iron in Terminal Erythroid Differentiation and Ring Sideroblast Formation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00387-18. [PMID: 30670569 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00387-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring sideroblasts are a hallmark of sideroblastic anemia, although little is known about their characteristics. Here, we first generated mutant mice by disrupting the GATA-1 binding motif at the intron 1 enhancer of the ALAS2 gene, a gene responsible for X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA). Although heterozygous female mice showed an anemic phenotype, ring sideroblasts were not observed in their bone marrow. We next established human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived proerythroblast clones harboring the same ALAS2 gene mutation. Through coculture with sodium ferrous citrate, mutant clones differentiated into mature erythroblasts and became ring sideroblasts with upregulation of metal transporters (MFRN1, ZIP8, and DMT1), suggesting a key role for ferrous iron in erythroid differentiation. Interestingly, holo-transferrin (holo-Tf) did not induce erythroid differentiation as well as ring sideroblast formation, and mutant cells underwent apoptosis. Despite massive iron granule content, ring sideroblasts were less apoptotic than holo-Tf-treated undifferentiated cells. Microarray analysis revealed upregulation of antiapoptotic genes in ring sideroblasts, a profile partly shared with erythroblasts from a patient with XLSA. These results suggest that ring sideroblasts exert a reaction to avoid cell death by activating antiapoptotic programs. Our model may become an important tool to clarify the pathophysiology of sideroblastic anemia.
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18
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Olney KC, Nyer DB, Vargas DA, Wilson Sayres MA, Haynes KA. The synthetic histone-binding regulator protein PcTF activates interferon genes in breast cancer cells. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:83. [PMID: 30253781 PMCID: PMC6156859 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence from genome-wide studies of cancer shows that chromatin-mediated epigenetic silencing at large cohorts of genes is strongly linked to a poor prognosis. This mechanism is thought to prevent cell differentiation and enable evasion of the immune system. Drugging the cancer epigenome with small molecule inhibitors to release silenced genes from the repressed state has emerged as a powerful approach for cancer research and drug development. Targets of these inhibitors include chromatin-modifying enzymes that can acquire drug-resistant mutations. In order to directly target a generally conserved feature, elevated trimethyl-lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), we developed the Polycomb-based Transcription Factor (PcTF), a fusion activator that targets methyl-histone marks via its N-terminal H3K27me3-binding motif, and co-regulates sets of silenced genes. Results Here, we report transcriptome profiling analyses of PcTF-treated breast cancer model cell lines. We identified a set of 19 PcTF-upregulated genes, or PUGs, that were consistent across three distinct breast cancer cell lines. These genes are associated with the interferon response pathway. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time a chromatin-mediated interferon-related transcriptional response driven by an engineered fusion protein that physically links repressive histone marks with active transcription. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0608-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Olney
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287-4501, AZ, USA
| | - David B Nyer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Daniel A Vargas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson Sayres
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287-4501, AZ, USA.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287-1701, AZ, USA
| | - Karmella A Haynes
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-9709, USA.
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19
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Infection perturbs Bach2- and Bach1-dependent erythroid lineage 'choice' to cause anemia. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1059-1070. [PMID: 30250186 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of how the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is reconfigured in response to the environment is critical for understanding the biology and disorder of hematopoiesis. Here we found that the transcription factors (TFs) Bach2 and Bach1 promoted erythropoiesis by regulating heme metabolism in committed erythroid cells to sustain erythroblast maturation and by reinforcing erythroid commitment at the erythro-myeloid bifurcation step. Bach TFs repressed expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor C/EBPβ, as well as that of its target genes encoding molecules important for myelopoiesis and inflammation; they achieved the latter by binding to their regulatory regions also bound by C/EBPβ. Lipopolysaccharide diminished the expression of Bach TFs in progenitor cells and promoted myeloid differentiation. Overexpression of Bach2 in HSPCs promoted erythroid development and inhibited myelopoiesis. Knockdown of BACH1 or BACH2 in human CD34+ HSPCs impaired erythroid differentiation in vitro. Thus, Bach TFs accelerate erythroid commitment by suppressing the myeloid program at steady state. Anemia of inflammation and myelodysplastic syndrome might involve reduced activity of Bach TFs.
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20
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Maganti HB, Jrade H, Cafariello C, Manias Rothberg JL, Porter CJ, Yockell-Lelièvre J, Battaion HL, Khan ST, Howard JP, Li Y, Grzybowski AT, Sabri E, Ruthenburg AJ, Dilworth FJ, Perkins TJ, Sabloff M, Ito CY, Stanford WL. Targeting the MTF2-MDM2 Axis Sensitizes Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia to Chemotherapy. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1376-1389. [PMID: 30115703 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing has revealed that epigenetic modifiers are the most mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, elucidating epigenetic dysregulation in AML is crucial to understand disease mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that metal response element binding transcription factor 2/polycomblike 2 (MTF2/PCL2) plays a fundamental role in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and that its loss elicits an altered epigenetic state underlying refractory AML. Unbiased systems analyses identified the loss of MTF2-PRC2 repression of MDM2 as central to, and therefore a biomarker for, refractory AML. Thus, immature MTF2-deficient CD34+CD38- cells overexpress MDM2, thereby inhibiting p53 that leads to chemoresistance due to defects in cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis. Targeting this dysregulated signaling pathway by MTF2 overexpression or MDM2 inhibitors sensitized refractory patient leukemic cells to induction chemotherapeutics and prevented relapse in AML patient-derived xenograft mice. Therefore, we have uncovered a direct epigenetic mechanism by which MTF2 functions as a tumor suppressor required for AML chemotherapeutic sensitivity and identified a potential therapeutic strategy to treat refractory AML.Significance: MTF2 deficiency predicts refractory AML at diagnosis. MTF2 represses MDM2 in hematopoietic cells and its loss in AML results in chemoresistance. Inhibiting p53 degradation by overexpressing MTF2 in vitro or by using MDM2 inhibitors in vivo sensitizes MTF2-deficient refractory AML cells to a standard induction-chemotherapy regimen. Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1376-89. ©2018 AACR. See related commentary by Duy and Melnick, p. 1348 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinad B Maganti
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hani Jrade
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Cafariello
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet L Manias Rothberg
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J Porter
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Yockell-Lelièvre
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah L Battaion
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Safwat T Khan
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel P Howard
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuefeng Li
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian T Grzybowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elham Sabri
- Clinical Epidemiology Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander J Ruthenburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodore J Perkins
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell Sabloff
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caryn Y Ito
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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O'Neill KM, Irwin RE, Mackin SJ, Thursby SJ, Thakur A, Bertens C, Masala L, Loughery JEP, McArt DG, Walsh CP. Depletion of DNMT1 in differentiated human cells highlights key classes of sensitive genes and an interplay with polycomb repression. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:12. [PMID: 29598829 PMCID: PMC5875016 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation plays a vital role in the cell, but loss-of-function mutations of the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 in normal human cells are lethal, precluding target identification, and existing hypomorphic lines are tumour cells. We generated instead a hypomorphic series in normal hTERT-immortalised fibroblasts using stably integrated short hairpin RNA. Results Approximately two-thirds of sites showed demethylation as expected, with one-third showing hypermethylation, and targets were shared between the three independently derived lines. Enrichment analysis indicated significant losses at promoters and gene bodies with four gene classes most affected: (1) protocadherins, which are key to neural cell identity; (2) genes involved in fat homoeostasis/body mass determination; (3) olfactory receptors and (4) cancer/testis antigen (CTA) genes. Overall effects on transcription were relatively small in these fibroblasts, but CTA genes showed robust derepression. Comparison with siRNA-treated cells indicated that shRNA lines show substantial remethylation over time. Regions showing persistent hypomethylation in the shRNA lines were associated with polycomb repression and were derepressed on addition of an EZH2 inhibitor. Persistent hypermethylation in shRNA lines was, in contrast, associated with poised promoters. Conclusions We have assessed for the first time the effects of chronic depletion of DNMT1 in an untransformed, differentiated human cell type. Our results suggest polycomb marking blocks remethylation and indicate the sensitivity of key neural, adipose and cancer-associated genes to loss of maintenance methylation activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-018-0182-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M O'Neill
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.,The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rachelle E Irwin
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah-Jayne Mackin
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Sara-Jayne Thursby
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Avinash Thakur
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.,Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Room 13-112, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Ciske Bertens
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.,Academie Life Science, Engineering & Design, Saxion University, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7500, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Laura Masala
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sassari, Via Vienne 2, 7100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jayne E P Loughery
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Darragh G McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
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22
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Mimura I, Hirakawa Y, Kanki Y, Nakaki R, Suzuki Y, Tanaka T, Aburatani H, Nangaku M. Genome-wide analysis revealed that DZNep reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis via down-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3779. [PMID: 29491489 PMCID: PMC5830881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis has been recently reported to be caused by the collapse of the epigenetic regulation of kidney diseases. We examined whether pharmacological inhibition of histone modification is effective against renal fibrosis. DZNep (3-deazaneplanocin A) was originally developed as an anti-cancer drug to inhibit the repressive histone mark, H3K27me3. We used a model of chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ischaemia/reperfusion and administered DZNep intravenously to the mice for 8 weeks. We found DZNep contributes to the reduction of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. We selected only tubular cells from in vivo samples using laser-capture microdissection because epigenetic regulation is specific to the cell types, and we focused on the changes in the tubular cells. We performed a genome-wide analysis of tubular cells using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify novel epigenetic factors associated with renal fibrosis. We found that pro-fibrotic genes such as COL3A1 (collagen type 3a1) and TIMP2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2) were suppressed by DZNep in vivo. In addition, pro-fibrotic genes such as COL4A1 (collagen type 4a1), TIMP2 and MMP14 were down-regulated by DZNep in vitro. In conclusion, we found that pharmacological epigenetic modification by DZNep decreased the expression levels of fibrogenic genes in tubular cells and inhibited tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyō, Japan.
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Xiao X, Senavirathna LK, Gou X, Huang C, Liang Y, Liu L. EZH2 enhances the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12915. [PMID: 27582065 PMCID: PMC5027349 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in fibrotic foci is one of the characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic component of a multiprotein complex, polycomb repressive complex 2, which is involved in the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of EZH2 in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. We found that EZH2 was upregulated in the lungs of patients with IPF and in mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The upregulation of EZH2 occurred in myofibroblasts. The inhibition of EZH2 by its inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) or an shRNA reduced the TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, as demonstrated by the expression of the myofibroblast markers α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, and contractility. DZNep inhibited Smad2/3 nuclear translocation without affecting Smad2/3 phosphorylation. DZNep treatment attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. We conclude that EZH2 induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by enhancing Smad2/3 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Lakmini K Senavirathna
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Xuxu Gou
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Yurong Liang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma Department of Physiological Sciences, Lungberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Sha S, Zhai Y, Lin C, Wang H, Chang Q, Song S, Ren M, Liu G. A combination of valproic acid sodium salt, CHIR99021, E-616452, tranylcypromine, and 3-Deazaneplanocin A causes stem cell-like characteristics in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53302-53312. [PMID: 28881812 PMCID: PMC5581111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies are based on the hypothesis that recurrence and drug resistance in lung carcinoma are due to a subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) in solid tumors. Therefore it is crucial to screen for and recognize lung CSLCs. In this study, we stimulated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells to display stem cell-like characteristics using a combination of five small molecule compounds. The putative A549 stem cells activated an important CSLC marker, CD133 protein, as well multiple CSLC-related genes including ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), NESTIN, and BMI1. The A549 stem-like cells displayed resistance to the chemotherapeutic drugs etoposide and cisplatin, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition properties, and increased protein expression levels of NOTCH1 and Hes Family bHLH Transcription Factor 1 (HES1). When A549 cells were pretreated with a NOTCH signaling pathway inhibitor before compound induction, expression of the NOTCH1 target gene HES1 was reduced. This demonstrated that the NOTCH signaling pathway in the putative A549 stem-like cells had been activated. Together, the results of our study showed that a combination of five small molecule agents could transform A549 cells into putative stem-like cells, and that these compounds could also elevate CD133 and ABCG2 protein expression levels in H460 cells. This study provides a convenient method for obtaining lung CSLCs, which may be an effective strategy for developing lung carcinoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sha
- Tongji University School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfen Zhai
- Department of Immunity, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhao Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqiang Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gentao Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Shanghai Biomed-Union Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai International Medical Zone, Shanghai, China
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25
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Dynamics of absorption, metabolism, and excretion of 5-aminolevulinic acid in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:105-111. [PMID: 28955775 PMCID: PMC5614713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a precursor for the biosynthesis of porphyrins and heme. Although the oral administration of ALA has been widely applied in clinical settings, the dynamics of its absorption, metabolism, and excretion within enterocytes remain unknown. In this study, after enterocytic differentiation, Caco-2 cells were incubated with 200 µM ALA and/or 100 µM sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) for up to 72 h. Both ALA and the combination of ALA and SFC promoted the synthesis of heme, without affecting the expression of genes involved in intestinal iron transport, such as DMT1 and FPN. The enhanced heme synthesis in Caco-2 cells was more pronounced under the effect of the combination of ALA and SFC than under the effect of ALA alone, as reflected by the induced expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), as well as a reduced protein level of the transcriptional corepressor Bach1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed Bach1 chromatin occupancy at the enhancer regions of HO-1, which were significantly decreased by the addition of ALA and SFC. Finally, Transwell culture of Caco-2 cells suggested that the administered ALA to the intestinal lumen was partially transported into vasolateral space. These findings enhance our understanding of the absorption and metabolism of ALA in enterocytes, which could aid in the development of a treatment strategy for various conditions such as anemia. Combination of ALA and SFC promotes heme synthesis than ALA alone in Caco-2 cells. Heme induces HO-1 by inhibiting transcriptional corepressor Bach1 in Caco-2 cells. Addition of ALA to intestinal lumen was partially transported to vasolateral space. Our data enhance the understanding of the dynamics of ALA in enterocytes.
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Key Words
- 5-Aminolevulinic acid
- ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- ALAS2, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2
- Bach1
- CSA, congenital sideroblastic anemia
- Caco-2 cell
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1
- FPN, ferroportin
- HO-1, heme oxygenase 1
- Heme oxygenase 1
- PP IX, protoporphyrin IX
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SFC, sodium ferrous citrate
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Yadav R, Weng HR. EZH2 regulates spinal neuroinflammation in rats with neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2017; 349:106-117. [PMID: 28257897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in gene expression along the pain signaling pathway is a key mechanism contributing to the genesis of neuropathic pain. Accumulating studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in nociceptive process in the spinal dorsal horn. In this present study, we investigated the role of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, in the spinal dorsal horn in the genesis of neuropathic pain in rats induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase, which catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 on K27 (H3K27), resulting in gene silencing. We found that levels of EZH2 and tri-methylated H3K27 (H3K27TM) in the spinal dorsal horn were increased in rats with neuropathic pain on day 3 and day 10 post nerve injuries. EZH2 was predominantly expressed in neurons in the spinal dorsal horn under normal conditions. The number of neurons with EZH2 expression was increased after nerve injury. More strikingly, nerve injury drastically increased the number of microglia with EZH2 expression by more than sevenfold. Intrathecal injection of the EZH2 inhibitor attenuated the development and maintenance of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with nerve injury. Such analgesic effects were concurrently associated with the reduced levels of EZH2, H3K27TM, Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with nerve injury. Our results highly suggest that targeting the EZH2 signaling pathway could be an effective approach for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA.
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27
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Lu C, Zhang Q, Chen X. New method for synthesis of EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor GSK126. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1193875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Sakurai K, Fujiwara T, Hasegawa S, Okitsu Y, Fukuhara N, Onishi Y, Yamada-Fujiwara M, Ichinohasama R, Harigae H. Inhibition of human primary megakaryocyte differentiation by anagrelide: a gene expression profiling analysis. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:190-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Identification of a novel putative mitochondrial protein FAM210B associated with erythroid differentiation. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:387-95. [PMID: 26968549 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-1 plays an essential role in erythroid differentiation. To identify novel GATA-1 target genes, we analyzed a merged ChIP-seq and expression profiling dataset. We identified FAM210B as a putative novel GATA-1 target gene. Study results demonstrated that GATA-1 directly regulates FAM210B expression, presumably by binding to an intronic enhancer region. Both human and murine FAM210B are abundantly expressed in the later stages of erythroblast development. Moreover, the deduced amino acid sequence predicted that FAM210B is a membrane protein, and Western blot analysis demonstrated its mitochondrial localization. Loss-of-function analysis in erythroid cells suggested that FAM210B may be involved in erythroid differentiation. The identification and characterization of FAM210B provides new insights in the study of erythropoiesis and hereditary anemias.
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30
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Bire S, Casteret S, Piégu B, Beauclair L, Moiré N, Arensbuger P, Bigot Y. Mariner Transposons Contain a Silencer: Possible Role of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005902. [PMID: 26939020 PMCID: PMC4777549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements are driving forces for establishing genetic innovations such as transcriptional regulatory networks in eukaryotic genomes. Here, we describe a silencer situated in the last 300 bp of the Mos1 transposase open reading frame (ORF) which functions in vertebrate and arthropod cells. Functional silencers are also found at similar locations within three other animal mariner elements, i.e. IS630-Tc1-mariner (ITm) DD34D elements, Himar1, Hsmar1 and Mcmar1. These silencers are able to impact eukaryotic promoters monitoring strong, moderate or low expression as well as those of mariner elements located upstream of the transposase ORF. We report that the silencing involves at least two transcription factors (TFs) that are conserved within animal species, NFAT-5 and Alx1. These cooperatively act with YY1 to trigger the silencing activity. Four other housekeeping transcription factors (TFs), neuron restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), GAGA factor (GAF) and GTGT factor (GTF), were also found to have binding sites within mariner silencers but their impact in modulating the silencer activity remains to be further specified. Interestingly, an NRSF binding site was found to overlap a 30 bp motif coding a highly conserved PHxxYSPDLAPxD peptide in mariner transposases. We also present experimental evidence that silencing is mainly achieved by co-opting the host Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 pathway. However, we observe that when PRC2 is impaired another host silencing pathway potentially takes over to maintain weak silencer activity. Mariner silencers harbour features of Polycomb Response Elements, which are probably a way for mariner elements to self-repress their transcription and mobility in somatic and germinal cells when the required TFs are expressed. At the evolutionary scale, mariner elements, through their exaptation, might have been a source of silencers playing a role in the chromatin configuration in eukaryotic genomes. Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that have long co-evolved with the genome of their hosts. Consequently, they are involved in the generation of mutations, as well as the creation of genes and regulatory networks. Controlling the transposon activity, and consequently its negative effects on both the host soma and germ line, is a challenge for the survival of both the host and the transposon. To silence transposons, hosts often use defence mechanisms involving DNA methylation and RNA interference pathways. Here we show that mariner transposons can self-regulate their activity by using a silencer element located in their DNA sequence. The silencer element interferes with host housekeeping protein transcription factors involved in the polycomb silencing pathways. As the regulation of chromatin configuration by polycomb is an important regulator of animal development, our findings open the possibility that mariner silencers might have been exapted during animal evolution to participate in certain regulation pathways of their hosts. Since some of the TFs involved in mariner silencer activity play a role at different stages of nervous system development and neuron differentiation, it might be possible that mariner transposons can be active during some steps of cell differentiation. Interestingly, mariner transposons (i.e. IS630-Tc1-mariner (ITm) DD34D transposons) have so far only been found in genomes of animals having a nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Bire
- PRC, UMR INRA-CNRS 7247, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Lausanne, and Center for Biotechnology UNIL-EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Arensbuger
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Yves Bigot
- PRC, UMR INRA-CNRS 7247, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
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31
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Gao M, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yin C, Chen JJ, Liu S. miR-214 protects erythroid cells against oxidative stress by targeting ATF4 and EZH2. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:39-49. [PMID: 26791102 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator in protecting cells against stress by targeting many anti-stress response genes. Recent evidence also reveals that Nrf2 functions partially by targeting mircroRNAs (miRNAs). However, the understanding of Nrf2-mediated cytoprotection through miRNA-dependent mechanisms is largely unknown. In the current study, we identified a direct Nrf2 targeting miRNA, miR-214, and demonstrated a protective role of miR-214 in erythroid cells against oxidative stresses generated by radiation, excess iron and arsenic (As) exposure. miR-214 expression was transcriptionally repressed by Nrf2 through a canonical antioxidant response element (ARE) within its promoter region, and this repression is ROS-dependence. The suppression of miR-214 by Nrf2 could antagonize oxidative stress-induced cell death in erythroid cells by two ways. First, miR-214 directly targeted ATF4, a crucial transcriptional factor involved in anti-stress responses, down regulation of miR-214 releases the repression of ATF4 translation and leads to increased ATF4 protein content. Second, miR-214 was able to prevent cell death by targeting EZH2, the catalytic core component of PRC2 complex that is responsible for tri-methylation reaction at lysine 27 (K27) of histone 3 (H3) (H3K27me3), by which As-induced miR-214 reduction resulted in an increased global H3K27me3 level and a compromised overexpression of a pro-apoptotic gene Bim. These two pathways downstream of miR-214 synergistically cooperated to antagonize erythroid cell death upon oxidative stress. Our combined data revealed a protective role of miR-214 signaling in erythroid cells against oxidative stress, and also shed new light on Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chunyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jane-Jane Chen
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Johnson DP, Spitz GS, Tharkar S, Quayle SN, Shearstone JR, Jones S, McDowell ME, Wellman H, Tyler JK, Cairns BR, Chandrasekharan MB, Bhaskara S. HDAC1,2 inhibition impairs EZH2- and BBAP-mediated DNA repair to overcome chemoresistance in EZH2 gain-of-function mutant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4863-87. [PMID: 25605023 PMCID: PMC4467121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the catalytic site of EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2), is observed in about 22% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases. Here we show that selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 1,2 (HDAC1,2) activity using a small molecule inhibitor causes cytotoxic or cytostatic effects in EZH2 gain-of-function mutant (EZH2GOF) DLBCL cells. Our results show that blocking the activity of HDAC1,2 increases global H3K27ac without causing a concomitant global decrease in H3K27me3 levels. Our data shows that inhibition of HDAC1,2 is sufficient to decrease H3K27me3 present at DSBs, decrease DSB repair and activate the DNA damage response in these cells. In addition to increased H3K27me3, we found that the EZH2GOF DLBCL cells overexpress another chemotherapy resistance factor − B-lymphoma and BAL-associated protein (BBAP). BBAP monoubiquitinates histone H4K91, a residue that is also subjected to acetylation. Our results show that selective inhibition of HDAC1,2 increases H4K91ac, decreases BBAP-mediated H4K91 monoubiquitination, impairs BBAP-dependent DSB repair and sensitizes the refractory EZH2GOF DLBCL cells to treatment with doxorubicin, a chemotherapy agent. Hence, selective HDAC1,2 inhibition provides a novel DNA repair mechanism-based therapeutic approach as it can overcome both EZH2- and BBAP-mediated DSB repair in the EZH2GOF DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle P Johnson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gabriella S Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shweta Tharkar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Jones
- Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria E McDowell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah Wellman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley R Cairns
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mahesh B Chandrasekharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Srividya Bhaskara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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33
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Cai XC, Kapilashrami K, Luo M. Synthesis and Assays of Inhibitors of Methyltransferases. Methods Enzymol 2016; 574:245-308. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histones (so-called epigenetic modifications) play a major role in transcriptional control and normal development, and are tightly regulated. Disruption of their control is a frequent event in disease. In particular, the methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27), induced by the methylase EZH2, emerges as a key control of gene expression and a major regulator of cell physiology. The identification of driver mutations in EZH2 has already led to new prognostic and therapeutic advances, and new classes of potent and specific inhibitors for EZH2 show promising results in preclinical trials. This review examines the roles of histone lysine methylases and demethylases in cells and focuses on the recent knowledge and developments about EZH2.
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Momparler RL, Côté S. Targeting of cancer stem cells by inhibitors of DNA and histone methylation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1031-43. [PMID: 26004134 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curative chemotherapy should target cancer stem cells (CSCs). The key characteristics of CSCs are a block in differentiation and an epigenetic signature similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Differentiation by ESCs and CSCs is suppressed by gene silencing through the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and/or DNA methylation. PRC2 contains the EZH2 subunit, which catalyzes the trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27, a gene silencing marker. It is possible to reverse this 'double lock' mechanism using a combination of inhibitors of EZH2 and DNA methylation (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine), which exhibits remarkable synergistic antineoplastic activity in preclinical studies. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss several specific EZH2 inhibitors that have been synthesized with antineoplastic activity. One such inhibitor, EPZ-6438 (E7438), has been shown to be effective against lymphoma in a Phase I study. The indirect EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), also exhibits remarkable anticancer activity due to its inhibition of methionine metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Agents that target EZH2 warrant Phase I trials. Due to its positive pharmacodynamics, DZNep merits a high priority for clinical investigation. Agents that show positive results in Phase I studies should be advanced to clinical trials for use in combination with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine due to the interesting potential of this epigenetic therapy to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Momparler
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche, Département de Pharmacologie , CHU-Saint-Justine, Montréal, Québec , Canada
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Sharma A, Anderson TD, Sharakhov IV. Toxicological assays for testing effects of an epigenetic drug on development, fecundity and survivorship of malaria mosquitoes. J Vis Exp 2015:52041. [PMID: 25650701 DOI: 10.3791/52041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticidal resistance poses a major problem for malaria control programs. Mosquitoes adapt to a wide range of changes in the environment quickly, making malaria control an omnipresent problem in tropical countries. The emergence of insecticide resistant populations warrants the exploration of novel drug target pathways and compounds for vector mosquito control. Epigenetic drugs are well established in cancer research, however not much is known about their effects on insects. This study provides a simple protocol for examining the toxicological effects of 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an experimental epigenetic drug for cancer therapy, on the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. A concentration-dependent increase in mortality and decrease in size was observed in immature mosquitoes exposed to DZNep, whereas the compound reduced the fecundity of adult mosquitoes relative to control treatments. In addition, there was a drug-dependent decrease in S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase activity in mosquitoes following exposure to DZNep relative to control treatments. These protocols provide the researcher with a simple, step-by-step procedure to assess multiple toxicological endpoints for an experimental drug and, in turn, demonstrate a unique multi-prong approach for exploring the toxicological effects of water-soluble epigenetic drugs or compounds of interest against vector mosquitoes and other insects.
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Fujiwara T, Okamoto K, Niikuni R, Takahashi K, Okitsu Y, Fukuhara N, Onishi Y, Ishizawa K, Ichinohasama R, Nakamura Y, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Harigae H. Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on erythropoiesis: a preclinical in vitro characterization for the treatment of congenital sideroblastic anemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:102-8. [PMID: 25450364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) is a hereditary disorder characterized by microcytic anemia and bone marrow sideroblasts. The most common form of CSA is attributed to mutations in the X-linked gene 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 (ALAS2). ALAS2 is a mitochondrial enzyme, which utilizes glycine and succinyl-CoA to form 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a crucial precursor in heme synthesis. Therefore, ALA supplementation could be an effective therapeutic strategy to restore heme synthesis in CSA caused by ALAS2 defects. In a preclinical study, we examined the effects of ALA in human erythroid cells, including K562 cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived erythroid progenitor (HiDEP) cells. ALA treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent accumulation of heme in the K562 cell line. Concomitantly, the treatment substantially induced erythroid differentiation as assessed using benzidine staining. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed significant upregulation of heme-regulated genes, such as the globin genes [hemoglobin alpha (HBA) and hemoglobin gamma (HBG)] and the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) gene, in K562 cells. Next, to investigate the mechanism by which ALA is transported into erythroid cells, quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed on previously identified ALA transporters, including solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member (SLC15A) 1, SLC15A2, solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member (SLC36A1), and solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 13 (SLC6A13). Our analysis revealed that SLC36A1 was abundantly expressed in erythroid cells. Thus, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was added to K562 cells to competitively inhibit SLC36A1-mediated transport. GABA treatment significantly impeded the ALA-mediated increase in the number of hemoglobinized cells as well as the induction of HBG, HBA, and HMOX1. Finally, small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ALAS2 in HiDEP cells considerably decreased the expression of HBA, HBG, and HMOX1, and these expression levels were rescued with ALA treatment. In summary, ALA appears to be transported into erythroid cells mainly by SLC36A1 and is utilized to generate heme. ALA may represent a novel therapeutic option for CSA treatment, particularly for cases harboring ALAS2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan; Department of Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoyu Niikuni
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Okitsu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuhara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Onishi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan; Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichinohasama
- Department of Hematopathology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan; Department of Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School, Sendai, Japan.
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The over-expression of aquaporin-1 alters erythroid gene expression in human erythroleukemia K562 cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:291-302. [PMID: 25252847 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin genes are differentially expressed in primitive versus definitive erythropoiesis. Our previous research results showed that over-expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) gene greatly promotes the erythroid differentiation of erythroleukemia K562 cells, using benzidine staining and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis for representative erythroid-related genes, including γ-globin. But the molecular mechanisms underlying erythroid-specific gene regulation remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that AQP1 induced hemoglobins expression and altered erythroid gene expression by microarray analysis in K562 cells. The retroviral expression vector of AQP1 (pBABE-puro-AQP1) was constructed and infected K562 cells to establish a stable AQP1 over-expression cell line (K562-AQP1). AQP1 over-expression effectively inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell growth arrest in G1 phase of K562 cells. Then microarray profile was applied to analyze the differentially expressed genes which involved the mechanism of AQP1 in erythroid differentiation induction. The DAVID functional annotation clustering tool was used to identify biological functions enriched with the differentially expressed genes (n = 466 genes) and to group genes into clusters based on their functional similarity. Significant enrichment of genes involved in "oxygen transporter activity" (p = 3.8E-7) including hemoglobins (HBD, HBG, HBB, HBE1, and HBQ1), HEMGN, and EBP42 were validated by qRT-PCR. Moreover, silencing of HEMGN by RNA interference in K562-AQP1 cells resulted in down-regulation of these genes. These data provide a better understanding of the role of AQP1 in erythroid differentiation, by promoting HEMGN induction and other potential signaling pathways associated with hemoglobin induction.
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Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Regulation and Role of EZH2 in Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2014; 46:209-22. [PMID: 25038756 PMCID: PMC4132442 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.46.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is the epigenetic regulator that induces histone H3 lysine 27 methylation (H3K27me3) and silences specific gene transcription. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic subunit of PRC2, and evidence shows that EZH2 plays an essential role in cancer initiation, development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. EZH2 expression is indeed regulated by various oncogenic transcription factors, tumor suppressor miRNAs, and cancer-associated non-coding RNA. EZH2 activity is also controlled by post-translational modifications, which are deregulated in cancer. The canonical role of EZH2 is gene silencing through H3K27me3, but accumulating evidence shows that EZH2 methlyates substrates other than histone and has methylase-independent functions. These non-canonical functions of EZH2 are shown to play a role in cancer progression. In this review, we summarize current information on the regulation and roles of EZH2 in cancer. We also discuss various therapeutic approaches to targeting EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Girard N, Bazille C, Lhuissier E, Benateau H, Llombart-Bosch A, Boumediene K, Bauge C. 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase EZH2, induces apoptosis and reduces cell migration in chondrosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98176. [PMID: 24852755 PMCID: PMC4031152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidences indicate that the histone methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) may be an appropriate therapeutic target in some tumors. Indeed, a high expression of EZH2 is correlated with poor prognosis and metastasis in many cancers. In addition, 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an S-adenosyl-L homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor which induces EZH2 protein depletion, leads to cell death in several cancers and tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether an epigenetic therapy targeting EZH2 with DZNep may be also efficient to treat chondrosarcomas. METHODS EZH2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and western-blot. Chondrosarcoma cell line CH2879 was cultured in the presence of DZNep, and its growth and survival were evaluated by counting adherent cells periodically. Apoptosis was assayed by cell cycle analysis, Apo2.7 expression using flow cytometry, and by PARP cleavage using western-blot. Cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay. RESULTS Chondrosarcomas (at least with high grade) highly express EZH2, at contrary to enchondromas or chondrocytes. In vitro, DZNep inhibits EZH2 protein expression, and subsequently reduces the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). Interestingly, DZNep induces cell death of chondrosarcoma cell lines by apoptosis, while it slightly reduces growth of normal chondrocytes. In addition, DZNep reduces cell migration. CONCLUSION These results indicate that an epigenetic therapy that pharmacologically targets EZH2 via DZNep may constitute a novel approach to treat chondrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Girard
- Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, EA4652 MILPAT, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, EA4652 MILPAT, Caen, France
- Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, CHU, Caen, France
| | - Eva Lhuissier
- Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, EA4652 MILPAT, Caen, France
| | - Hervé Benateau
- Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, EA4652 MILPAT, Caen, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, CHU, Caen, France
| | | | - Karim Boumediene
- Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, EA4652 MILPAT, Caen, France
| | - Catherine Bauge
- Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, EA4652 MILPAT, Caen, France
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