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Fujisawa S, Takagi K, Yamaguchi-Tanaka M, Sato A, Miki Y, Miyashita M, Tada H, Ishida T, Suzuki T. Clinicopathological significance of hyaluronan and hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155434. [PMID: 38991455 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), as a component of extracellular matrix, has pivotal roles in both physiological and pathological condition. In breast cancer, while high molecular weight HA is produced by hyaluronan synthase, it is degraded by hyaluronidases (hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL1) and hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL2)) into low molecular weight HA (LMW HA), which is considered to have pro-tumorigenic effects in human malignancies. However, HA and HYAL2, the rate-limiting enzyme of HA degradation, have not been comprehensively examined in breast cancer and clinicopathological significance of LMW HA remains to be elucidated in breast cancer. We therefore histochemically localized HA as well as HYAL2 in 116 breast cancer tissues. In addition, we examined size-dependent function of HA on breast cancer cell proliferation and migration using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. HA was localized in both the stroma and breast carcinoma cells, while HYAL2 was predominantly localized in breast carcinoma cells. HA was significantly correlated with cell proliferation and invasion ability as well as increased risk of recurrence especially in HYAL2 positive group. On the other hand, HYAL2 was correlated with breast cancer cell proliferation and increased risk of recurrence. In addition, in vitro analyses revealed that lower molecular weight HA increased sphere forming ability and migration in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, whereas higher molecular weight HA inhibited them. It was concluded that HA needs to be degraded by HYAL2 to exert pro-tumorigenic effects and comprehensive HA/HYAL2 status serves as a potent prognostic factor in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fujisawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mio Yamaguchi-Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Department of Personalized Medicine Center and Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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2
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Ahuja S, Zaheer S. Multifaceted TGF-β signaling, a master regulator: From bench-to-bedside, intricacies, and complexities. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:87-127. [PMID: 37859532 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis are regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an evolutionarily conserved family of secreted polypeptide factors, acting in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The role of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, especially fibrosis and cancer, overexpressed TGF-β causes extracellular matrix deposition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer-associated fibroblast formation, and/or angiogenesis. In this review article, we have tried to dive deep into the mechanism of action of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. As TGF-β and its downstream signaling mechanism are implicated in fibrosis and carcinogenesis blocking this signaling mechanism appears to be a promising avenue. However, targeting TGF-β carries substantial risk as this pathway is implicated in multiple homeostatic processes and is also known to have tumor-suppressor functions. There is a need for careful dosing of TGF-β drugs for therapeutic use and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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3
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Iwamoto S, Kobayashi T, Hanamatsu H, Yokota I, Teranishi Y, Iwamoto A, Kitagawa M, Ashida S, Sakurai A, Matsuo S, Myokan Y, Sugimoto A, Ushioda R, Nagata K, Gotoh N, Nakajima K, Nishikaze T, Furukawa JI, Itano N. Tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N-glycosylation and Notch signaling activation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38225221 PMCID: PMC10789756 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic metabolic stress paradoxically elicits pro-tumorigenic signals that facilitate cancer stem cell (CSC) development. Therefore, elucidating the metabolic sensing and signaling mechanisms governing cancer cell stemness can provide insights into ameliorating cancer relapse and therapeutic resistance. Here, we provide convincing evidence that chronic metabolic stress triggered by hyaluronan production augments CSC-like traits and chemoresistance by partially impairing nucleotide sugar metabolism, dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) biosynthesis and N-glycan assembly. Notably, preconditioning with either low-dose tunicamycin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which partially interferes with LLO biosynthesis, reproduced the promoting effects of hyaluronan production on CSCs. Multi-omics revealed characteristic changes in N-glycan profiles and Notch signaling activation in cancer cells exposed to mild glycometabolic stress. Restoration of N-glycan assembly with glucosamine and mannose supplementation and Notch signaling blockade attenuated CSC-like properties and further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. Therefore, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which tolerable glycometabolic stress boosts cancer cell resilience through altered N-glycosylation and Notch signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Iwamoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Teranishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiho Iwamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miyu Kitagawa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sawako Ashida
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayane Sakurai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suguru Matsuo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Myokan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aiyu Sugimoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikaze
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Itano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
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4
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Frąszczak K, Barczyński B. The Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38201468 PMCID: PMC10778113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer and the eighth most common female cancer. The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains a clinical problem despite the significant development of technology. Nearly 70% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with stages III-IV metastatic disease. Reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Ovarian cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy pose vital problems and translate into poor outcomes. Cancer stem cells appear to be responsible for tumour recurrence resulting from chemotherapeutic resistance. These cells are also crucial for tumour initiation due to the ability to self-renew, differentiate, avoid immune destruction, and promote inflammation and angiogenesis. Studies have confirmed an association between CSC occurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, subsequent metastases, and cancer relapses. Therefore, the elimination of CSCs appears important for overcoming drug resistance and improving prognoses. This review focuses on the expression of selected ovarian CSC markers, including CD133, CD44, CD24, CD117, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, which show potential prognostic significance. Some markers expressed on the surface of CSCs correlate with clinical features and can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs, the determination of specific CSC phenotypes is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartłomiej Barczyński
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University in Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Kalli M, Poskus MD, Stylianopoulos T, Zervantonakis IK. Beyond matrix stiffness: targeting force-induced cancer drug resistance. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:937-954. [PMID: 37558577 PMCID: PMC10592424 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
During tumor progression, mechanical abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) trigger signaling pathways in cells that activate cellular programs, resulting in tumor growth and drug resistance. In this review, we describe mechanisms of action for anti-cancer therapies and mechanotransduction programs that regulate cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival and phenotype switching. We discuss how the therapeutic response is impacted by the three main mechanical TME abnormalities: high extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and stiffness; interstitial fluid pressure (IFP); and elevated mechanical forces. We also review drugs that normalize these abnormalities or block mechanosensors and mechanotransduction pathways. Finally, we discuss current challenges and perspectives for the development of new strategies targeting mechanically induced drug resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Matthew D Poskus
- Department of Bioengineering and Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Rastogi S, Mishra SS, Arora MK, Kaithwas G, Banerjee S, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Singh L. Lactate acidosis and simultaneous recruitment of TGF-β leads to alter plasticity of hypoxic cancer cells in tumor microenvironment. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108519. [PMID: 37625521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactate acidosis is often observed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. This is because glucose breaks down quickly via glycolysis, causing lactate acidity. Lactate is harmful to healthy cells, but is a major oncometabolite for solid cancer cells that do not receive sufficient oxygen. As an oncometabolite, it helps tumor cells perform different functions, which helps solid hypoxic tumor cells spread to other parts of the body. Studies have shown that the acidic TME contains VEGF, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which help spread in direct and indirect ways. Although each cytokine is important in its own manner in the TME, TGF-β has received much attention for its role in metastatic transformation. Several studies have shown that lactate acidosis can cause TGF-β expression in solid hypoxic cancers. TGF-β has also been reported to increase the production of fatty acids, making cells more resistant to treatment. TGF-β has also been shown to control the expression of VEGF and MMPs, which helps solid hypoxic tumors become more aggressive by helping them spread and create new blood vessels through an unknown process. The role of TGF-β under physiological conditions has been described previously. In this study, we examined the role of TGF-β, which is induced by lactate acidosis, in the spread of solid hypoxic cancer cells. We also found that TGF-β and lactate work together to boost fatty acid production, which helps angiogenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Rastogi
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Shashank Shekher Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A central university), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehardun, Uttarakhand-248009, India.
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7
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Lv S, Liu Y, Xie C, Xue C, Du S, Yao J. Emerging role of interactions between tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cells. J Control Release 2023; 360:468-481. [PMID: 37391031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two major hallmarks of solid tumors. They have long received attention for their critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence. Meanwhile, plenty of evidence indicates the close association between CSCs and tumor vasculature. CSCs are proven to promote tumor angiogenesis, and the highly vascularized tumor microenvironment further maintains CSCs growth in return, thereby forming a hard-breaking vicious circle to promote tumor development. Hence, though monotherapy targeting tumor vasculature or CSCs has been extensively studied over the past decades, the poor prognosis has been limiting the clinical application. This review summarizes the crosstalk between tumor vasculature and CSCs with emphasis on small-molecule compounds and the associated biological signaling pathways. We also highlight the importance of linking tumor vessels to CSCs to disrupt the CSCs-angiogenesis vicious circle. More precise treatment regimens targeting tumor vasculature and CSCs are expected to benefit future tumor treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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8
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Parnigoni A, Moretto P, Viola M, Karousou E, Passi A, Vigetti D. Effects of Hyaluronan on Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3813. [PMID: 37568628 PMCID: PMC10417239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells is critical for determining tumor aggressiveness and targeting therapies. The presence of such receptors allows for the use of antagonists that effectively reduce breast cancer growth and dissemination. However, the absence of such receptors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) reduces the possibility of targeted therapy, making these tumors very aggressive with a poor outcome. Cancers are not solely composed of tumor cells, but also include several types of infiltrating cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells that have critical functions in regulating cancer cell behaviors. In addition to these cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has become an important player in many aspects of breast cancer biology, including cell growth, motility, metabolism, and chemoresistance. Hyaluronan (HA) is a key ECM component that promotes cell proliferation and migration in several malignancies. Notably, HA accumulation in the tumor stroma is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer. HA metabolism depends on the fine balance between HA synthesis by HA synthases and degradation yielded by hyaluronidases. All the different cell types present in the tumor can release HA in the ECM, and in this review, we will describe the role of HA and HA metabolism in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (P.M.); (M.V.); (E.K.); (A.P.)
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9
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Ordaz-Ramos A, Tellez-Jimenez O, Vazquez-Santillan K. Signaling pathways governing the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells and their therapeutic implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221175. [PMID: 37492224 PMCID: PMC10363614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) represent a distinct subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renewal and differentiate into phenotypically diverse tumor cells. The involvement of CSC in treatment resistance and cancer recurrence has been well established. Numerous studies have provided compelling evidence that the self-renewal ability of cancer stem cells is tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, which exert critical roles to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype and prevent the differentiation of CSCs. Signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, and Hippo have been implicated in the promotion of self-renewal of many normal and cancer stem cells. Given the pivotal role of BCSCs in driving breast cancer aggressiveness, targeting self-renewal signaling pathways holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for combating this disease. In this review, we will discuss the main signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the self-renewal ability of BCSC, while also highlighting current strategies employed to disrupt the signaling molecules associated with stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordaz-Ramos
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Olivia Tellez-Jimenez
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México
| | - Karla Vazquez-Santillan
- Innovation in Precision Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
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10
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Shimpi AA, Tan ML, Vilkhovoy M, Dai D, Roberts LM, Kuo J, Huang L, Varner JD, Paszek M, Fischbach C. Convergent Approaches to Delineate the Metabolic Regulation of Tumor Invasion by Hyaluronic Acid Biosynthesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202224. [PMID: 36479976 PMCID: PMC10238572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths and is often driven by invasion and cancer-stem like cells (CSCs). Both the CSC phenotype and invasion are associated with increased hyaluronic acid (HA) production. How these independent observations are connected, and which role metabolism plays in this process, remains unclear due to the lack of convergent approaches integrating engineered model systems, computational tools, and cancer biology. Using microfluidic invasion models, metabolomics, computational flux balance analysis, and bioinformatic analysis of patient data, the functional links between the stem-like, invasive, and metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells as a function of HA biosynthesis are investigated. These results suggest that CSCs are more invasive than non-CSCs and that broad metabolic changes caused by overproduction of HA play a role in this process. Accordingly, overexpression of hyaluronic acid synthases (HAS) 2 or 3 induces a metabolic phenotype that promotes cancer cell stemness and invasion in vitro and upregulates a transcriptomic signature predictive of increased invasion and worse patient survival. This study suggests that HA overproduction leads to metabolic adaptations to satisfy the energy demands for 3D invasion of breast CSCs highlighting the importance of engineered model systems and multidisciplinary approaches in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew L. Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Michael Vilkhovoy
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - David Dai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - L. Monet Roberts
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Joe Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Lingting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Varner
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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11
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Karami Fath M, Garousi S, Mottahedi M, Ghasemzadeh N, Salmani K, Olfati F, Beit Saeed M, Sotoudeh S, Barati G. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in breast cancer stem cell specification. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154349. [PMID: 36791562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumor is heterogeneous cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. Despite new efforts to reduce the breast cancer implications, the number of newly diagnosed cases is increasing worldwide. It is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the implication of cancers including breast cancer. Although CSCs compose a small population in tumor bulks, they play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. These events are mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway which regulates the transcription of genes involved in CSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms by which hypoxia- or chemotherapy-induced HIFs promote breast CSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Kiana Salmani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Olfati
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miad Beit Saeed
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sina Sotoudeh
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
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12
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Liu Y, Li L, Wang L, Lu L, Li Y, Huang G, Song J. 'Two-faces' of hyaluronan, a dynamic barometer of disease progression in tumor microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36698043 PMCID: PMC9877274 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a linear polysaccharide consisting of disaccharide units which are the D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. As the largest component of the extracellular matrix in microenvironment, HA polymers with different molecular weights vary in properties to molecular biology function. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) is mainly found in normal tissue or physiological condition, and exhibits lubrication and protection properties due to its good water retention and viscoelasticity. On the other hand, an increase in HA catabolism leads to the accumulation of low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA) under pathological circumstances such as inflammation, pre-cancerous and tumor microenvironment. LMW-HA acts as extracellular signals to enhance tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype, such as energy reprogramming, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This review discusses the basic properties of this simplest carbohydrate molecule in ECM with enormous potential, and its regulatory role between tumorigenesis and microenvironmental homeostasis. The extensive discoveries of the mechanisms underlying the roles of HA in various physiological and pathological processes would provide more information for future research in the fields of biomimetic materials, pharmaceutical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Medicine & Health, Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute of Industry, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Orthopaedics and Traumatology Hospital, Nanning, 530012, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Karalis T, Heldin P, Skandalis SS. In Vitro Investigation of Hyaluronan/CD44 Network. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2619:169-186. [PMID: 36662470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is one of the most influential components of the extracellular matrix. It is involved in the regulation of normal tissue function and architecture, while its metabolism is perturbed in a multitude of human diseases like inflammation, cancer, and viral infection. Given the implication of hyaluronan in a vast array of diseases, we describe here assays that can be utilized to study the quantity, size, subcellular localization, and binding capacity of hyaluronan by cells as well as its interactions with its major cellular receptor, CD44. Hopefully, these protocols will provide researchers with useful tools to study the complex hyaluronan biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Karalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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14
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Dysregulation of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway wiring metabolic signaling circuits in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130250. [PMID: 36228878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite sensing, a fundamental biological process, plays a key role in metabolic signaling circuit rewiring. Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a glucose metabolic pathway essential for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which senses key nutrients and integrally maintains cellular homeostasis. UDP-GlcNAc dynamically regulates protein N-glycosylation and O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation). Dysregulated HBP flux leads to abnormal protein glycosylation, and contributes to cancer development and progression by affecting protein function and cellular signaling. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation regulates cellular signaling pathways, and its alteration is linked to various cancer characteristics. Additionally, recent findings have suggested a close association between HBP stimulation and cancer stemness; an elevated HBP flux promotes cancer cell conversion to cancer stem cells and enhances chemotherapy resistance via downstream signal activation. In this review, we highlight the prominent roles of HBP in metabolic signaling and summarize the recent advances in HBP and its downstream signaling, relevant to cancer.
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15
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Karalis T, Shiau AK, Gahman TC, Skandalis SS, Heldin CH, Heldin P. Identification of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hyaluronan Synthesis, DDIT, Targeting Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235800. [PMID: 36497283 PMCID: PMC9741431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women. Breast cancer cells synthesize large amounts of hyaluronan to assist their proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Accumulation of hyaluronan and overexpression of its receptor CD44 and hyaluronidase TMEM2 in breast tumors correlate with tumor progression and reduced overall survival of patients. Currently, the only known small molecule inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis is 4-methyl-umbelliferone (4-MU). Due to the importance of hyaluronan for breast cancer progression, our aim was to identify new, potent and chemically distinct inhibitors of its synthesis. Here, we report a new small molecule inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis, the thymidine analog 5'-Deoxy-5'-(1,3-Diphenyl-2-Imidazolidinyl)-Thymidine (DDIT). This compound is more potent than 4-MU and displays significant anti-tumorigenic properties. Specifically, DDIT inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cancer stem cell self-renewal by suppressing HAS-synthesized hyaluronan. DDIT appears as a promising lead compound for the development of inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis with potential usefulness in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karalis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 572, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew K. Shiau
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy C. Gahman
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Spyros S. Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 572, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 572, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-4714733
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16
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Sun X, Tang F, Guo Q, Liu Y, He Y, Du Y, Gao F, Zhang G, Yang C. HAS2-Ezrin-ER axis plays a role in acquired antiestrogen resistance of ER-positive breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031487. [PMID: 36386154 PMCID: PMC9659586 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of endocrine resistance is a major clinical problem in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BrCa) treatment, in which how cancer cells acquire resistance remains obscure. Hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) is the most critical synthase in producing hyaluronan and is well known for its involvement in cancer growth, metabolism and metastasis. Recent evidence has proved that HAS2 is involved in cellular acquired resistance to drug therapy in BrCa. In this work, we first observed that HAS2 expression was decreased in the endocrine-resistant ER+ BrCa cells. Further knocking-out experiments confirmed that the loss of HAS2 in parental ER+ BrCa cells resulted in a following antiestrogen resistance. Next, we found that the HAS2-loss could induce an upregulation of Ezrin, a member of the membrane cytoskeletal protein family who plays key roles in cellular signal transduction. Notably, we identified that the increase of Ezrin induced by HAS2-loss could inhibit the ERα expression and augment antiestrogen resistance, suggesting that a HAS2-Ezrin-ER axis may be associated with the acquirement of endocrine resistance in ER+ BrCa cells. Finally, knockdown or inhibition of Ezrin could restore the sensitivity of endocrine-resistant cells to antiestrogens treatment by activating ERα signaling. Taken together, our findings unraveled a novel HAS2-Ezrin-ER route in regulating the sensitivity of ER+ BrCa cells to antiestrogens, in which Ezrin may be a potential target in endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Jurj A, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I, Braicu C. The extracellular matrix alteration, implication in modulation of drug resistance mechanism: friends or foes? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:276. [PMID: 36114508 PMCID: PMC9479349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), having several important roles related to the hallmarks of cancer. In cancer, multiple components of the ECM have been shown to be altered. Although most of these alterations are represented by the increased or decreased quantity of the ECM components, changes regarding the functional alteration of a particular ECM component or of the ECM as a whole have been described. These alterations can be induced by the cancer cells directly or by the TME cells, with cancer-associated fibroblasts being of particular interest in this regard. Because the ECM has this wide array of functions in the tumor, preclinical and clinical studies have assessed the possibility of targeting the ECM, with some of them showing encouraging results. In the present review, we will highlight the most relevant ECM components presenting a comprehensive description of their physical, cellular and molecular properties which can alter the therapy response of the tumor cells. Lastly, some evidences regarding important biological processes were discussed, offering a more detailed understanding of how to modulate altered signalling pathways and to counteract drug resistance mechanisms in tumor cells.
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18
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Jariyal H, Thakkar H, Kumar AS, Bhattacharyya M, Shah RP, Srivastava A. Extrinsic hyaluronic acid induction differentially modulates intracellular glutamine metabolism in breast cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:679-689. [PMID: 35863662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on glutamine metabolism in luminal and basal breast cancer and cancer stem cells is being investigated. In luminal cell lines (MCF-7), HA enhances the intracellular utilization of gln in redox metabolism and decreases its use in TCA. On the contrary, in MDAMB-231 cells, HA induces the uptake of gln to be utilized in anaplerosis rather than ROS maintenance. However, in MCF-7 CSCs, HA induces up-regulation of xCT, further, it uses gln-derived glutamate for the exchange of cystine, thus maintaining ROS levels through xCT. MDA-MB-231 CSCs reduce the secretion of glutamate in response to HA and decrease the gln flux towards reductive carboxylation. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that although the uptake of gln is enhanced by HA, it is differentially utilized intracellularly in breast cancer cells. This study could significantly influence the therapeutics involving HA and Gln in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harsh Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Adarsh Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Medha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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19
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Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
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20
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Paul R, Dorsey JF, Fan Y. Cell plasticity, senescence, and quiescence in cancer stem cells: Biological and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107985. [PMID: 34480963 PMCID: PMC8844041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct population of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal and tumorigenicity. CSCs play a pivotal role in cancer progression, metastasis, and relapse and tumor resistance to cytotoxic therapy. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that CSCs adopt several mechanisms, driven by cellular plasticity, senescence and quiescence, to maintain their self-renewal capability and to resist tumor microenvironmental stress and treatments. These pose major hindrances for CSC-targeting anti-cancer therapies: cell plasticity maintains stemness in CSCs and renders tumor cells to acquire stem-like phenotypes, contributing to tumor heterogeneity and CSC generation; cellular senescence induces genetic reprogramming and stemness activation, leading to CSC-mediated tumor progression and metastasis; cell quienscence facilitates CSC to overcome their intrinsic vulnerabilities and therapeutic stress, inducing tumor relapse and therapy resistance. These mechanisms are subjected to spatiotemporal regulation by hypoxia, CSC niche, and extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Here we integrate the recent advances and current knowledge to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of plasticity, senescence and quiescence of CSCs and the potential therapeutic implications for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritama Paul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Jay F. Dorsey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 19104
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Díaz-García E, García-Tovar S, Casitas R, Jaureguizar A, Zamarrón E, Sánchez-Sánchez B, Sastre-Perona A, López-Collazo E, Garcia-Rio F, Cubillos-Zapata C. Intermittent Hypoxia Mediates Paraspeckle Protein-1 Upregulation in Sleep Apnea. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153888. [PMID: 34359789 PMCID: PMC8345391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit an intermittent hypoxia-dependent paraspeckle protein-1 (PSPC1) increase, which is eventually delivered to the plasma through its cleavage from OSA monocytes by matrix metalloprotease-2, promoting tumor growth factor (TGFβ) expression and increasing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a tumor functional model using a melanoma cell line. These results connect the phenomena of sleep apnea with increased plasma PSPC1 levels, which has a functional effect on the TGFβ pathway and accelerates tumor progression. Abstract As some evidence suggests that hypoxia might be an inducer of nuclear paraspeckle formation, we explore whether intermittent hypoxia (IH)-mediated paraspeckle protein-1 (PSPC1) overexpression might contribute to the activation of tumor growth factor (TGF)β-SMAD pathway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This activation would promote changes in intracellular signaling that would explain the increased cancer aggressiveness reported in these patients. Here, we show that patients with OSA exhibit elevated PSPC1 levels both in plasma and in monocytes. Our data suggest that PSPC1 is ultimately delivered to the plasma through its cleavage from OSA monocytes by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2). In addition, IH promotes PSPC1, TGFβ, and MMP2 expression in monocytes through the hypoxia-inducible factor. Lastly, both PSPC1 and TGFβ induce increased expression of genes that drive the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our study details the mechanism by which hypoxemia upmodulates the extracellular release of PSPC1 by means of MMP2, such that plasma PSPC1 together with TGFβ activation signaling further promotes tumor metastasis and supports cancer aggressiveness in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Díaz-García
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (S.G.-T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Sara García-Tovar
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (S.G.-T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Raquel Casitas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.Z.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Ana Jaureguizar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Zamarrón
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.Z.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Begoña Sánchez-Sánchez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.Z.); (B.S.-S.)
| | - Ana Sastre-Perona
- Grupo deTerapias Experimentales y Biomarcadores en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
- Grupo de Respuesta Inmune Innata, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.Z.); (B.S.-S.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.G.-R.); (C.C.-Z.); Tel.: +34-639-91-17-18 (F.G.-R.); +34-600-87-71-79 (C.C.-Z.)
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.-G.); (S.G.-T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (A.J.); (E.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (F.G.-R.); (C.C.-Z.); Tel.: +34-639-91-17-18 (F.G.-R.); +34-600-87-71-79 (C.C.-Z.)
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22
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Xia H, Herrera J, Smith K, Yang L, Gilbertsen A, Benyumov A, Racila E, Bitterman PB, Henke CA. Hyaluronan/CD44 axis regulates S100A4-mediated mesenchymal progenitor cell fibrogenicity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L926-L941. [PMID: 33719561 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00456.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite modest improvement in patient outcomes from recent advances in pharmacotherapy targeting fibrogenic signaling pathways, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a major unsolved clinical problem. One reason for this is that available antifibrotic agents slow down but do not arrest fibrotic progression. To arrest fibrotic progression, its obligatory drivers need to be identified. We previously discovered that fibrogenic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are key drivers of fibrotic progression in IPF, serving as cells of origin for disease-mediating myofibroblasts. IPF MPCs have high levels of nuclear S100A4, which interacts with the proteasome to promote p53 degradation and self-renewal. However, the mechanism underlying S100A4 accumulation in the nucleus of IPF MPCs remains unknown. Here we show that hyaluronan (HA) is present in the fibroblastic focus together with CD44-expressing MPCs and that ligation of CD44 by HA triggers S100A4 nuclear translocation to support IPF MPC self-renewal. The mechanism involves HA-mediated formation of a CD44/S100A4/transportin 1 complex, which promotes S100A4 nuclear import. In a humanized mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, IPF MPC fibrogenicity was significantly attenuated by 1) knockdown of CD44 or 2) introduction of an S100A4 mutant construct that prevents S100A4 nuclear import. These data indicate that signaling through the HA/CD44/S100A4 axis is an integral component of IPF MPC fibrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeremy Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Karen Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Libang Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Adam Gilbertsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alexy Benyumov
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emilian Racila
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter B Bitterman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Craig A Henke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Ishii H, Mimura Y, Zahra MH, Katayama S, Hassan G, Afify SM, Seno M. Isolation and characterization of cancer stem cells derived from human glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:441-457. [PMID: 33575080 PMCID: PMC7868757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) is considered as a cause of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Simultaneously CSCs are responsible for the heterogeneous population in tumor tissues due to their differentiation potential. However, the characterizations of CSCs are still not enough and cancer stem cell lines widely available is desired to be established for the advancement of cancer research. In this study, we tried to isolate and characterize stem like cells from human glioblastoma cell line U-251MG cells. U-251MG P1 cells, which was previously condensed in the presence of hyaluronic acid as CD44 positive population were subjected to single cell isolation procedure. Although 5 clones were isolated, only one clone exhibited high expression of CD44, Nanog, OCT3/4 and SOX2, and named U-251MGSC1. The sphere forming ability of U-251MGSC1 cell was significantly higher than the parental U-251MG cells. Tumorigenicity of U-251MG-SC1 cells were higher than that of U-251MG cells. U-251MGSC1 cells exhibited higher expression of CD44, SOX2, Nestin and A2B5 than U-251MG cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression of GFAP and NF-M was enhanced when the cells were treated with the conditioned medium of U-251MG cells indicating the potential of differentiation. Sphere forming ability was more efficient than that of U-251MG cells and was enhanced in the presence of hyaluronic acid, which enhanced the cell growth as well. U-251MGSC1 cells exhibited rapid growth tumor in nude mice and efficient metastatic ability in transmembrane assay when compared with U-251MG cells. As the result, we concluded U-251MGSC1 cell was a glioblastoma CSC line derived from the parental U-251MG cells. U-251MGSC1 cells will be a good tool to develop effective therapeutic agents against CSCs and to elucidate the properties of glioma derived CSCs and the mechanism of tumor development in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ishii
- GSP Enterprise, Inc.1-4-38 12F Minato-machi, Naniwaku, Osaka 556-0017, Japan
| | - Yuki Mimura
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Maram H Zahra
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shota Katayama
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia UniversityShebin ElKoum Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
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CHD4 Predicts Aggressiveness in PTC Patients and Promotes Cancer Stemness and EMT in PTC Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020504. [PMID: 33419089 PMCID: PMC7825451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex is highly expressed in several cancers. However, its role in the pathogenesis and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been investigated. We investigated the prognostic significance of CHD4 in a large cohort of Middle Eastern PTC patients and explored the functional role of CHD4 in regulating cancer stemness and EMT in PTC cells. CHD4 overexpression was observed in 45.3% (650/1436) of PTCs, and was associated with aggressive clinico-pathological parameters and worse outcome. Functional analysis using PTC cell lines showed that forced expression of CHD4 promoted cell proliferation, spheroid growth, migration, invasion and progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PTC cells whereas its knockdown reversed the effect. Methylation of E-cadherin was associated with loss of expression in CHD4 expressing cells, while CHD4 depletion reactivated E-cadherin expression. Most importantly, knockdown of mesenchymal transcriptional factors, Snail1 or Zeb1, attenuated the spheroid growth in CHD4 expressing PTC cells, showing a potential link between EMT activation and stemness maintenance in PTC. These findings suggest that CHD4 might be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with an aggressive subtype of PTC.
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The Tumor Microenvironment as a Driving Force of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123863. [PMID: 33371274 PMCID: PMC7766255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer stem cells are a subset of transformed cells that sustain tumor growth and can metastasize to secondary organs. Since metastasis accounts for most cancer deaths, it is of paramount importance to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this subgroup of cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the habitat in which transformed cells evolve, and it is composed by many different cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM). A body of evidence strongly indicates that microenvironmental cues modulate stemness in breast cancer, and that the coevolution of the TME and cancer stem cells determine the fate of breast tumors. In this review, we summarize the studies providing links between the TME and the breast cancer stem cell phenotype and we discuss their specific interactions with immune cell subsets, stromal cells, and the ECM. Abstract Tumor progression involves the co-evolution of transformed cells and the milieu in which they live and expand. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a specialized subset of cells that sustain tumor growth and drive metastatic colonization. However, the cellular hierarchy in breast tumors is rather plastic, and the capacity to transition from one cell state to another depends not only on the intrinsic properties of transformed cells, but also on the interplay with their niches. It has become evident that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major player in regulating the BCSC phenotype and metastasis. The complexity of the TME is reflected in its number of players and in the interactions that they establish with each other. Multiple types of immune cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) form an intricate communication network with cancer cells, exert a highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide supportive niches for BCSC expansion. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating these interactions is crucial to develop strategies aimed at interfering with key BCSC niche factors, which may help reducing tumor heterogeneity and impair metastasis.
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USP17-mediated de-ubiquitination and cancer: Clients cluster around the cell cycle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105886. [PMID: 33227393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells perform a range of complex processes, some essential for life, others specific to cell type, all of which are governed by post-translational modifications of proteins. Among the repertoire of dynamic protein modifications, ubiquitination is arguably the most arcane and profound due to its complexity. Ubiquitin conjugation consists of three main steps, the last of which involves a multitude of target-specific ubiquitin ligases that conjugate a range of ubiquitination patterns to protein substrates with diverse outcomes. In contrast, ubiquitin removal is catalysed by a relatively small number of de-ubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which can also display target specificity and impact decisively on cell function. Here we review the current knowledge of the intriguing ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) family of DUBs, which are expressed from a highly copy number variable gene that has been implicated in multiple cancers, although available evidence points to conflicting roles in cell proliferation and survival. We show that key USP17 substrates populate two pathways that drive cell cycle progression and that USP17 activity serves to promote one pathway but inhibit the other. We propose that this arrangement enables USP17 to stimulate or inhibit proliferation depending on the mitogenic pathway that predominates in any given cell and may partially explain evidence pointing to both oncogenic and tumour suppressor properties of USP17.
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Therapy Resistance, Cancer Stem Cells and ECM in Cancer: The Matrix Reloaded. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103067. [PMID: 33096662 PMCID: PMC7589733 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has remained an enigmatic component of the tumor microenvironment. It drives metastasis via its interaction with the integrin signaling pathway, contributes to tumor progression and confers therapy resistance by providing a physical barrier around the tumor. The complexity of the ECM lies in its heterogeneous composition and complex glycosylation that can provide a support matrix as well as trigger oncogenic signaling pathways by interacting with the tumor cells. In this review, we attempt to dissect the role of the ECM in enriching for the treatment refractory cancer stem cell population and how it may be involved in regulating their metabolic needs. Additionally, we discuss how the ECM is instrumental in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment and the potential ways to target this component in order to develop a viable therapy.
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28
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Sapudom J, Müller CD, Nguyen KT, Martin S, Anderegg U, Pompe T. Matrix Remodeling and Hyaluronan Production by Myofibroblasts and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in 3D Collagen Matrices. Gels 2020; 6:E33. [PMID: 33008082 PMCID: PMC7709683 DOI: 10.3390/gels6040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a key modulator in cancer progression and has become a novel target in cancer therapy. An increase in hyaluronan (HA) accumulation and metabolism can be found in advancing tumor progression and are often associated with aggressive malignancy, drug resistance and poor prognosis. Wound-healing related myofibroblasts or activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are assumed to be the major sources of HA. Both cell types are capable to synthesize new matrix components as well as reorganize the extracellular matrix. However, to which extent myofibroblasts and CAF perform these actions are still unclear. In this work, we investigated the matrix remodeling and HA production potential in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHFB) and CAF in the absence and presence of transforming growth factor beta -1 (TGF-β1), with TGF-β1 being a major factor of regulating fibroblast differentiation. Three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix was utilized to mimic the extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment. We found that CAF appeared to response insensitively towards TGF-β1 in terms of cell proliferation and matrix remodeling when compared to NHFB. In regards of HA production, we found that both cell types were capable to produce matrix bound HA, rather than a soluble counterpart, in response to TGF-β1. However, activated CAF demonstrated higher HA production when compared to myofibroblasts. The average molecular weight of produced HA was found in the range of 480 kDa for both cells. By analyzing gene expression of HA metabolizing enzymes, namely hyaluronan synthase (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidase (HYAL1-3) isoforms, we found expression of specific isoforms in dependence of TGF-β1 present in both cells. In addition, HAS2 and HYAL1 are highly expressed in CAF, which might contribute to a higher production and degradation of HA in CAF matrix. Overall, our results suggested a distinct behavior of NHFB and CAF in 3D collagen matrices in the presence of TGF-β1 in terms of matrix remodeling and HA production pointing to a specific impact on tumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, UAE
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.-T.N.); (U.A.)
| | - Claudia Damaris Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Khiet-Tam Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.-T.N.); (U.A.)
| | - Steve Martin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.-T.N.); (U.A.)
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
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Parker AL, Cox TR. The Role of the ECM in Lung Cancer Dormancy and Outgrowth. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1766. [PMID: 33014869 PMCID: PMC7516130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of tumor cells to local and distant sites presents a significant challenge in the clinical management of many solid tumors. These cells may remain dormant for months or years before overt metastases are re-awakened. The components of the extracellular matrix, their posttranslational modifications and their associated factors provide mechanical, physical and chemical cues to these disseminated tumor cells. These cues regulate the proliferative and survival capacity of these cells and lay the foundation for their engraftment and colonization. Crosstalk between tumor cells, stromal and immune cells within primary and secondary sites is fundamental to extracellular matrix remodeling that feeds back to regulate tumor cell dormancy and outgrowth. This review will examine the role of the extracellular matrix and its associated factors in establishing a fertile soil from which individual tumor cells and micrometastases establish primary and secondary tumors. We will focus on the role of the lung extracellular matrix in providing the architectural support for local metastases in lung cancer, and distant metastases in many solid tumors. This review will define how the matrix and matrix associated components are collectively regulated by lung epithelial cells, fibroblasts and resident immune cells to orchestrate tumor dormancy and outgrowth in the lung. Recent advances in targeting these lung-resident tumor cell subpopulations to prevent metastatic disease will be discussed. The development of novel matrix-targeted strategies have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of metastatic disease in lung and other solid tumors and significantly improve patient outcome in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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30
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Narvaez CJ, Grebenc D, Balinth S, Welsh JE. Vitamin D regulation of HAS2, hyaluronan synthesis and metabolism in triple negative breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 201:105688. [PMID: 32360595 PMCID: PMC8432753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its ligand 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D) exert anti-tumor effects, but considerable heterogeneity has been reported in different model systems. In general, cell lines derived from aggressive tumor subtypes such as Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) express low levels of VDR and are less sensitive to 1,25D than those derived from more differentiated tumor types. We have previously reported that 1,25D inhibits hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS2) expression and hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis in murine TNBC cells. Here we confirmed the inhibitory effect of 1,25D on HA synthesis in human Hs578T cells representative of the mesenchymal/stem-like (MSL) subtype of TNBC. Because HA synthesis requires the production of hexoses for incorporation into HA, we predicted that the high HA production characteristic of Hs578T cells would require sustained metabolic changes through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). We thus examined metabolic gene expression in Hs578T cell variants sorted for High (HAHigh) and Low (HALow) HA production, and the ability of 1,25D to reverse these adaptive changes. HAHigh populations exhibited elevated HA production, smaller size, increased proliferation and higher motility than HALow populations. Despite their more aggressive phenotype, HAHigh populations retained expression of VDR protein at levels comparable to that of parental Hs578T cells and HALow subclones. Treatment with 1,25D decreased production of HA in both HAHigh and HALow populations. We also found that multiple metabolic enzymes were aberrantly expressed in HAHigh cells, especially those involved in glutamine and glucose metabolism. Notably, Glutaminase (GLS), a known oncogene for breast cancer, was strongly upregulated in HAHigh vs. HALow cells and its expression was significantly reduced by 1,25D (100 nM, 24 h). Consistent with this finding, Seahorse extracellular flux analysis indicated that respiration in HAHigh cells was significantly more dependent on exogenous glutamine than HALow cells, however, acute 1,25D exposure did not alter metabolic flux. In contrast to GLS, the glutamate transporter SLC1A7 was significantly reduced in HAHigh cells compared to HALow cells and its expression was enhanced by 1,25D. These findings support the concept that 1,25D can reverse the metabolic gene expression changes associated with HA production in cancer cells with aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Narvaez
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
| | - D Grebenc
- Department of Biochemistry, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Balinth
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - J E Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
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Jariyal H, Gupta C, Srivastava A. Hyaluronic acid induction on breast cancer stem cells unfolds subtype specific variations in stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:1078-1089. [PMID: 32479949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reoccurrence of breast cancer is a major concern due to presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Considering the key role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in modulating the inflammation and cellular migration in cancer, the response of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) HA towards various subtypes of breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells remain elusive. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of exogenous HMW-HA and LMW-HA on stemness of CSCs and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition which may help in designing HA based therapeutic strategies. LMW-HA induces EMT in MCF-7 more prominently as compared to MDA-MB-231. However, HMW-HA did not show significant changes in the expression of EMT genes. Surprisingly, both HMW-HA and LMW-HA have shown to decrease the expression of EpCAM in MCF-7 cells and decrease the expression of CD44 in MDAMB-231 cells. HA has maintained the native stem cells phenotype of bCSCs isolated from MCF-7 only. The bCSCs isolated form MDAMB-231 showed a decrease in CD44. Luminal subtype has shown to follow Wnt/β-catenin whereas in the basal subtype localization of CD44 from surface to cytosol was observed in response to HA. Our study has demonstrated that bCSCs in luminal and basal cells follow differential intracellular signaling mechanisms in response to HA. This study could significantly influence the therapeutics involving HA in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Chanchal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Seo HA, Moeng S, Sim S, Kuh HJ, Choi SY, Park JK. MicroRNA-Based Combinatorial Cancer Therapy: Effects of MicroRNAs on the Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Therapies. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010029. [PMID: 31861937 PMCID: PMC7016872 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of cancer cells to different types of treatments can be restricted by intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance, leading to the failure of cancer regression and remission. To overcome this problem, a combination therapy has been proposed as a fundamental strategy to improve therapeutic responses; however, resistance is still unavoidable. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are associated with cancer therapeutic resistance. The modulation of dysregulated miRNA levels through miRNA-based therapy comprising a replacement or inhibition approach has been proposed to sensitize cancer cells to other anti-cancer therapies. The combination of miRNA-based therapy with other anti-cancer therapies (miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy) is attractive, due to the ability of miRNAs to target multiple genes associated with the signaling pathways controlling therapeutic resistance. In this article, we present an overview of recent findings on the role of therapeutic resistance-related miRNAs in different types of cancer. We review the feasibility of utilizing dysregulated miRNAs in cancer cells and extracellular vesicles as potential candidates for miRNA-based combinatorial cancer therapy. We also discuss innate properties of miRNAs that need to be considered for more effective combinatorial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (H.A.S.); (S.M.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Sokviseth Moeng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (H.A.S.); (S.M.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seokmin Sim
- Generoath, Seachang-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04168, Korea;
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (H.A.S.); (S.M.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (H.A.S.); (S.M.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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Chokchaitaweesuk C, Kobayashi T, Izumikawa T, Itano N. Enhanced hexosamine metabolism drives metabolic and signaling networks involving hyaluronan production and O-GlcNAcylation to exacerbate breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:803. [PMID: 31645543 PMCID: PMC6811536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) metabolically regulates dynamic cellular events by linking nutrient availability to numerous signaling networks. Significant alterations in the HBP are often associated with cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the molecular events underlying cancer pathogenesis associated with enhanced HBP flux. Multidimensional analysis of microarray datasets demonstrated up-regulation of genes encoding HBP enzymes in clinical breast cancers and revealed that co-expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), a rate-limiting enzyme of the HBP, was strongly correlated with a poor prognosis in advanced cancer patients. Consistently with the clinical data, comparative analyses of distinct breast cancer mouse models demonstrated enhancement of the HBP gene expression in primary carcinoma cells, with elevation of Has2 expression and hyaluronan production in aggressive breast cancer cells. The silencing of GFAT reduced CD44high/CD24low cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulations, aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cell populations, and mammosphere size, which were further diminished by gene targeting of Has2. Has2 gene disruption reduced the in vivo growth of aggressive cancer cells and attenuated pro-tumorigenic Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling and cisplatin resistance. Overall protein O-GlcNAcylation was also elevated in association with HBP enhancement in aggressive cancer cells, and the modification exhibited overlapping but distinct roles from the hyaluronan signal in the regulation of CSC-like features. The current data therefore demonstrate that enhanced hexosamine metabolism drives pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways involving hyaluronan and O-GlcNAcylation in aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Izumikawa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Itano
- Division of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University Graduate School, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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Li X, Du X, Yao W, Pan Z, Li Q. TGF‐β/SMAD4 signaling pathway activates the HAS2–HA system to regulate granulosa cell state. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2260-2272. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Wang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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35
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Lokman NA, Price ZK, Hawkins EK, Macpherson AM, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. 4-Methylumbelliferone Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell Activation and Overcomes Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081187. [PMID: 31443261 PMCID: PMC6721459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the extracellular matrix molecule hyaluronan (HA) plays a role in the development of ovarian cancer chemoresistance. This present study determined if HA production is increased in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancers and if the HA inhibitor 4-methylubelliferone (4-MU) can overcome chemoresistance to the chemotherapeutic drug carboplatin (CBP) and inhibit spheroid formation and the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. We additionally assessed whether 4-MU could inhibit in vivo invasion of chemoresistant primary ovarian cancer cells in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The expression of the HA synthases HAS2 and HAS3 was significantly increased in chemoresistant compared to chemosensitive primary ovarian cancer cells isolated from patient ascites. 4-MU significantly inhibited HA production, cell survival, and spheroid formation of chemoresistant serous ovarian cancer cells. In combination with CBP, 4-MU treatment significantly decreased ovarian cancer cell survival and increased apoptosis of chemoresistant primary cells compared to CBP alone. 4-MU significantly reduced spheroid formation, expression of CSC markers ALDH1A1 and ABCG2 in primary cell spheroid cultures, and ALDH1 immunostaining in patient-derived tissue explant assays following treatment with CBP. Furthermore, 4-MU was very effective at inhibiting in vivo invasion of chemoresistant primary cells in CAM assays. Inhibition of HA is therefore a promising new strategy to overcome chemoresistance and to improve ovarian cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Zoe K Price
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emily K Hawkins
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anne M Macpherson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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36
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Hyaluronan-CD44 axis orchestrates cancer stem cell functions. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109377. [PMID: 31362044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of CD44 in tumor cell signaling together with its establishment as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for various tumor entities imply a key role for CD44 in CSC functional properties. Hyaluronan, the main ligand of CD44, is a major constituent of CSC niche and, therefore, the hyaluronan-CD44 signaling axis is of functional importance in this special microenvironment. This review aims to provide recent advances in the importance of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions in the acquisition and maintenance of a CSC phenotype. Hyaluronan-CD44 axis has a substantial impact on stemness properties of CSCs and drug resistance through induction of EMT program, oxidative stress resistance, secretion of extracellular vesicles/exosomes and epigenetic control. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting CSCs based on the hyaluronan-CD44 axis are also presented.
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37
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Martin ME, Reaves DK, Jeffcoat B, Enders JR, Costantini LM, Yeyeodu ST, Botta D, Kavanagh TJ, Fleming JM. Silver nanoparticles alter epithelial basement membrane integrity, cell adhesion molecule expression, and TGF-β1 secretion. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102070. [PMID: 31351238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer and pharmaceutical products due to their antipathogenic properties. However, safety concerns have been raised due to their bioactive properties. While reports have demonstrated AgNPs can embed within the extracellular matrix, their effects on basement membrane (BM) production, integrin engagement, and tissue-integrity are not well-defined. This study analyzed the effects of AgNPs on BM production, composition and integrin/focal adhesion interactions in representative lung, esophageal, breast and colorectal epithelia models. A multidisciplinary approach including focused proteomics, QPCR arrays, pathway analyses, and immune-based, structural and functional assays was used to identify molecular and physiological changes in cell adhesions and the BM induced by acute and chronic AgNP exposure. Dysregulated targets included CD44 and transforming growth factor-beta, two proteins frequently altered during pathogenesis. Results indicate AgNP exposure interferes with BM and cell adhesion dynamics, and provide insight into the mechanisms of AgNP-induced disruption of epithelial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Martin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise K Reaves
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Breanna Jeffcoat
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey M Costantini
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Diane Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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38
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Nallanthighal S, Heiserman JP, Cheon DJ. The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Cancer Stemness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:86. [PMID: 31334229 PMCID: PMC6624409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of cancer cell biology progresses, it has become clear that tumors are a heterogenous mixture of different cell populations, some of which contain so called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs). Hallmarks of CSCs include self-renewing capability, tumor-initiating capacity and chemoresistance. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, is a highly dynamic structure and increasing evidence suggests that ECM proteins establish a physical and biochemical niche for CSCs. In cancer, abnormal ECM dynamics occur due to disrupted balance between ECM synthesis and secretion and altered expression of matrix-remodeling enzymes. Tumor-derived ECM is biochemically distinct in its composition and is stiffer compared to normal ECM. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of how different components of the ECM modulate CSC properties then discuss how physical, mechanical, and biochemical cues from the ECM drive cancer stemness. Given the fact that current CSC targeting therapies face many challenges, a better understanding of CSC-ECM interactions will be crucial to identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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39
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Ishizuka S, Tsuchiya S, Ohashi Y, Terabe K, Askew EB, Ishizuka N, Knudson CB, Knudson W. Hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) overexpression diminishes the procatabolic activity of chondrocytes by a mechanism independent of extracellular hyaluronan. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13562-13579. [PMID: 31270213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of the joints caused in part by a change in the phenotype of resident chondrocytes within affected joints. This altered phenotype, often termed proinflammatory or procatabolic, features enhanced production of endoproteinases and matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) as well as secretion of endogenous inflammatory mediators. Degradation and reduced retention of the proteoglycan aggrecan is an early event in OA. Enhanced turnover of hyaluronan (HA) is closely associated with changes in aggrecan. Here, to determine whether experimentally increased HA production promotes aggrecan retention and generates a positive feedback response, we overexpressed HA synthase-2 (HAS2) in chondrocytes via an inducible adenovirus construct (HA synthase-2 viral overexpression; HAS2-OE). HAS2-OE incrementally increased high-molecular-mass HA >100-fold within the cell-associated and growth medium pools. More importantly, our results indicated that the HAS2-OE expression system inhibits MMP3, MMP13, and other markers of the procatabolic phenotype (such as TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein (TSG6)) and also enhances aggrecan retention. These markers were inhibited in OA-associated chondrocytes and in chondrocytes activated by interleukin-1β (IL1β), but also chondrocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), or HA oligosaccharides. However, the enhanced extracellular HA resulting from HAS2-OE did not reduce the procatabolic phenotype of neighboring nontransduced chondrocytes as we had expected. Rather, HA-mediated inhibition of the phenotype occurred only in transduced cells. In addition, high HA biosynthesis rates, especially in transduced procatabolic chondrocytes, resulted in marked changes in chondrocyte dependence on glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation for their metabolic energy needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Saho Tsuchiya
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Yoshifumi Ohashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Kenya Terabe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Emily B Askew
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Naoko Ishizuka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Cheryl B Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Warren Knudson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
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40
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Has2 natural antisense RNA and Hmga2 promote Has2 expression during TGFβ-induced EMT in breast cancer. Matrix Biol 2019; 80:29-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Vitale D, Kumar Katakam S, Greve B, Jang B, Oh ES, Alaniz L, Götte M. Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans as regulators of cancer stem cell function and therapeutic resistance. FEBS J 2019; 286:2870-2882. [PMID: 31230410 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the bulk of the tumor, a subset of cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSC; or tumor-initiating cells) is characterized by self-renewal, unlimited proliferative potential, expression of multidrug resistance proteins, active DNA repair capacity, apoptosis resistance, and a considerable developmental plasticity. Due to these properties, CSCs display increased resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Recent findings indicate that aberrant functions of proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contribute substantially to the CSC phenotype and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we summarize how the diverse functions of the glycoproteins and carbohydrates facilitate acquisition and maintenance of the CSC phenotype, and how this knowledge can be exploited to develop novel anticancer therapies. For example, the large transmembrane chondroitin sulfate PG NG2/CSPG4 marks stem cell (SC) populations in brain tumors. Cell surface heparan sulfate PGs of the syndecan and glypican families modulate the stemness-associated Wnt, hedgehog, and notch signaling pathways, whereas the interplay of hyaluronan in the SC niche with CSC CD44 determines the maintenance of stemness and promotes therapeutic resistance. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PGs and GAGs regulate CSC function will aid the development of targeted therapeutic approaches which could avoid relapse after an otherwise successful conventional therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells, PG-primed dendritic cells, PG-targeted antibody-drug conjugates, and inhibitory peptides and glycans have already shown highly promising results in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Vitale
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | | | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy - Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Bohee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), CIT NOBA, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNOBA-CONICET), Junín, Argentina
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
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42
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Toole BP. The CD147-HYALURONAN Axis in Cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1573-1583. [PMID: 31090215 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD147 (basigin; EMMPRIN), hyaluronan, and hyaluronan receptors (e.g., CD44) are intimately involved in several phenomena that underlie malignancy. A major avenue whereby they influence tumor progression is most likely their role in the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs), subpopulations of tumor cells that exhibit chemoresistance, invasiveness, and potent tumorigenicity. Both CD147 and hyaluronan have been strongly implicated in chemoresistance and invasiveness, and may be drivers of CSC characteristics, since current evidence indicates that both are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a crucial process in the acquisition of CSC properties. Hyaluronan is a prominent constituent of the tumor microenvironment whose interactions with cell surface receptors influence several signaling pathways that lead to chemoresistance and invasiveness. CD147 is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily and cofactor in assembly and activity of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). CD147 stimulates hyaluronan synthesis and interaction of hyaluronan with its receptors, in particular CD44 and LYVE-1, which in turn result in activation of multiprotein complexes containing members of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase, receptor tyrosine kinase, ABC drug transporter, or MCT families within lipid raft domains. Multivalent hyaluronan-receptor interactions are essential for formation or stabilization of these lipid raft complexes and for downstream signaling pathways or transporter activities. We conclude that stimulation of hyaluronan-receptor interactions by CD147 and the consequent activities of these complexes may be critical to the properties of CSCs and their role in malignancy. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Toole
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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43
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Velesiotis C, Vasileiou S, Vynios DH. A guide to hyaluronan and related enzymes in breast cancer: biological significance and diagnostic value. FEBS J 2019; 286:3057-3074. [PMID: 31018038 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a unique nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan that contributes to breast cancer cells growth and functional properties, including cell migration, invasion, adhesion, as well as tumor-associated angiogenesis in different stages of breast cancer progression and especially metastasis. Latest data show that the levels of HA and/or low molecular mass HA in blood serum and plasma of breast cancer patients may be a useful biomarker for breast cancer prognosis, differential diagnosis, and patients' treatment monitoring. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative determination of HA in biological samples is an emerging area of research. This review gathers, categorizes, and sums up all the currently used methodologies to analyze HA and HA-related enzymes. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations in use, and the information they provide, are critically considered and discussed. Moreover, emphasis is given to the significance of HA determination in breast cancer, as well as of its related enzymes, for diagnosis and prognosis of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Velesiotis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Stella Vasileiou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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44
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Siraj AK, Pratheeshkumar P, Divya SP, Parvathareddy SK, Bu R, Masoodi T, Kong Y, Thangavel S, Al-Sanea N, Ashari LH, Abduljabbar A, Al-Homoud S, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. TGFβ-induced SMAD4-dependent Apoptosis Proceeded by EMT in CRC. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1312-1322. [PMID: 31053577 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, colorectal cancer is more aggressive and presents at younger age, warranting new treatment strategies. Role of TGFβ/Smad4 signaling pathway in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer is well documented. This study examined the role of TGFβ/Smad4 signaling pathway in a large cohort of Saudi patients with colorectal cancer, followed by in vitro analysis to dissect the dual role of TGFβ on inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. Our study demonstrated high frequency of Smad4 alterations with low expression of Smad4 protein identifying a subgroup of aggressive colorectal cancer to be an independent marker for poor prognosis. Functional studies using colorectal cancer cells show that TGFβ induces Smad4-dependent EMT followed by apoptosis. Induction of mesenchymal transcriptional factors, Snail1 and Zeb1, was essential for TGFβ-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that KLF5 acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer cells regardless of Smad4 expression and inhibition of KLF5 is requisite for TGFβ-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TGFβ/Smad4 signal inhibits the transcription of KLF5 that in turn switches Sox4 from tumor promoter to suppressor. A high incidence of Smad4 alterations were found in the Saudi patients with colorectal cancer. Functional study results indicate that TGFβ induces Smad4-dependent EMT followed by apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Kong
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Thangavel
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Al-Sanea
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luai H Ashari
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samar Al-Homoud
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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45
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Tammi MI, Oikari S, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Rilla K, Auvinen P, Tammi RH. Activated hyaluronan metabolism in the tumor matrix — Causes and consequences. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:147-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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Jagust P, de Luxán-Delgado B, Parejo-Alonso B, Sancho P. Metabolism-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30967773 PMCID: PMC6438930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity constitutes the major source of disease progression and therapy failure. Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of this heterogeneity. Since these cells bear in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, survive chemotherapy and drive relapse, its elimination may be the only way to achieve long-term survival in patients. Thanks to the great advances in the field over the last few years, we know now that cellular metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined in normal development and cancer. Indeed, CSCs show distinct metabolic features as compared with their more differentiated progenies, though their dominant metabolic phenotype varies across tumor entities, patients and even subclones within a tumor. Following initial works focused on glucose metabolism, current studies have unveiled particularities of CSC metabolism in terms of redox state, lipid metabolism and use of alternative fuels, such as amino acids or ketone bodies. In this review, we describe the different metabolic phenotypes attributed to CSCs with special focus on metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jagust
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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47
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Hypoxia-inducible factors promote breast cancer stem cell specification and maintenance in response to hypoxia or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:175-212. [PMID: 30691683 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that breast cancers contain regions of intratumoral hypoxia (reduced oxygen availability), which activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The relationship between intratumoral hypoxia, distant metastasis and cancer mortality has been well established. A major mechanism by which intratumoral hypoxia contributes to disease progression is through induction of the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) phenotype. BCSCs are a small subpopulation of cells with the capability for self-renewal. BCSCs have been implicated in resistance to chemotherapy, disease recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HIF-dependent induction of the BCSC phenotype in response to hypoxia or chemotherapy.
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48
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Price ZK, Lokman NA, Ricciardelli C. Differing Roles of Hyaluronan Molecular Weight on Cancer Cell Behavior and Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E482. [PMID: 30513961 PMCID: PMC6316154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan located in the extracellular matrix, is important in embryo development, inflammation, wound healing and cancer. There is an extensive body of research demonstrating the role of HA in all stages of cancer, from initiation to relapse and therapy resistance. HA interacts with multiple cell surface receptors, including CD44, receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM) and intracellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, to promote the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, HA promotes the formation of cancer stem cell (CSC) populations, which are hypothesized to be responsible for the initiation of tumors and therapy resistance. Recent studies have identified that the molecular weight of HA plays differing roles on both normal and cancer cell behavior. This review explores the role of HA in cancer progression and therapy resistance and how its molecular weight is important in regulating CSC populations, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe K Price
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Tsubakihara Y, Moustakas A. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis under the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113672. [PMID: 30463358 PMCID: PMC6274739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells from primary sites of malignancy to neighboring stromal tissue or distant localities entails in several instances, but not in every case, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT weakens the strong adhesion forces between differentiated epithelial cells so that carcinoma cells can achieve solitary or collective motility, which makes the EMT an intuitive mechanism for the initiation of tumor metastasis. EMT initiates after primary oncogenic events lead to secondary secretion of cytokines. The interaction between tumor-secreted cytokines and oncogenic stimuli facilitates EMT progression. A classic case of this mechanism is the cooperation between oncogenic Ras and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The power of TGFβ to mediate EMT during metastasis depends on versatile signaling crosstalk and on the regulation of successive waves of expression of many other cytokines and the progressive remodeling of the extracellular matrix that facilitates motility through basement membranes. Since metastasis involves many organs in the body, whereas EMT affects carcinoma cell differentiation locally, it has frequently been debated whether EMT truly contributes to metastasis. Despite controversies, studies of circulating tumor cells, studies of acquired chemoresistance by metastatic cells, and several (but not all) metastatic animal models, support a link between EMT and metastasis, with TGFβ, often being a common denominator in this link. This article aims at discussing mechanistic cases where TGFβ signaling and EMT facilitate tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 595, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Glycosylation in cancer: Selected roles in tumour progression, immune modulation and metastasis. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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