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Climent F, Nicolae A, de Leval L, Dirnhofer S, Leoncini L, Ondrejka SL, Soma L, Wotherspoon A, Zamo A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ng SB. Cytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphomas and EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: emerging concepts, recent advances, and the putative role of clonal hematopoiesis. A report of the 2022 EA4HP/SH lymphoma workshop. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:333-348. [PMID: 37646869 PMCID: PMC10542298 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphomas and EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases were discussed at the 2022 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology lymphoma workshop held in Florence, Italy. This session focused on (i) primary nodal EBV-positive T and NK-cell lymphomas (primary nodal-EBV-TNKL), (ii) extranodal EBV-positive T/NK lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) in children and adults, (iii) cytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphomas, NOS (cPTCL-NOS), EBV-negative, and (iv) miscellaneous cases. Primary nodal-EBV-TNKL is a newly recognized entity which is rare, aggressive, and associated with underlying immune deficiency/immune dysregulation. All cases presented with lymphadenopathy but some demonstrated involvement of tonsil/Waldeyer's ring and extranodal sites. The majority of tumors are of T-cell lineage, and the most frequent mutations involve the epigenetic modifier genes, such as TET2 and DNMT3A, and JAK-STAT genes. A spectrum of EBV-positive T/NK LPD involving extranodal sites were discussed and highlight the diagnostic challenge with primary nodal-EBV-TNKL when these extranodal EBV-positive T/NK LPD cases demonstrate predominant nodal disease either at presentation or during disease progression from chronic active EBV disease. The majority of cPTCL-NOS demonstrated the TBX21 phenotype. Some cases had a background of immunosuppression or immune dysregulation. Interestingly, an unexpected association of cPTCL-NOS, EBV-positive and negative, with TFH lymphomas/LPDs was observed in the workshop cases. Similar to a published literature, the genetic landscape of cPTCL-NOS from the workshop showed frequent mutations in epigenetic modifiers, including TET2 and DNMT3A, suggesting a role of clonal hematopoiesis in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fina Climent
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alina Nicolae
- Department of Pathology, Hautepierre, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah L Ondrejka
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lorinda Soma
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alberto Zamo
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Main Building, Level 3, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Queenstown, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Main Building, Level 3, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Queenstown, Singapore.
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2
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Gonzalez JC, Chakraborty S, Thulin NK, Wang TT. Heterogeneity in IgG-CD16 signaling in infectious disease outcomes. Immunol Rev 2022; 309:64-74. [PMID: 35781671 PMCID: PMC9539944 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss how IgG antibodies can modulate inflammatory signaling during viral infections with a focus on CD16a-mediated functions. We describe the structural heterogeneity of IgG antibody ligands, including subclass and glycosylation that impact binding by and downstream activity of CD16a, as well as the heterogeneity of CD16a itself, including allele and expression density. While inflammation is a mechanism required for immune homeostasis and resolution of acute infections, we focus here on two infectious diseases that are driven by pathogenic inflammatory responses during infection. Specifically, we review and discuss the evolving body of literature showing that afucosylated IgG immune complex signaling through CD16a contributes to the overwhelming inflammatory response that is central to the pathogenesis of severe forms of dengue disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Program in ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Saborni Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalie K. Thulin
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Taia T. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious DiseasesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Program in ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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3
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Nawab DH. Vaccinal antibodies: Fc antibody engineering to improve the antiviral antibody response and induce vaccine-like effects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5532-5545. [PMID: 34844516 PMCID: PMC8903937 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1985891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the urgent clinical need for efficient virus therapies and vaccines. Although the functional importance of antibodies is indisputable in viral infections, there are still significant unmet needs that require vast improvements in antibody-based therapeutics. The IgG Fc domain can be engineered to produce antibodies with tailored and potent responses that will meet these clinical demands. Engaging Fc receptors (FcRs) to perform effector functions as cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, complement activation, intracellular neutralization and controlling antibody persistence. Furthermore, it produces vaccine-like effects by activating signals to stimulate T-cell responses, have proven to be required for protection, as neutralization alone does not off the full protection capacity of antibodies. This review highlights antiviral Fc functions and FcRs' contributions in linking innate and adaptive immunity against viral threats. Moreover, it provides the latest Fc engineering strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of human antiviral antibodies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha H Nawab
- Pharmacy Department, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Charab W, Rosenberger MG, Shivram H, Mirazee JM, Donkor M, Shekhar SR, Gjuka D, Khoo KH, Kim JE, Iyer VR, Georgiou G. IgG Immune Complexes Inhibit Naïve T Cell Proliferation and Suppress Effector Function in Cytotoxic T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713704. [PMID: 34447380 PMCID: PMC8383740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes are associated with autoimmunity and with worse prognoses in cancer. Here, we examined the effects of well-defined, soluble immune complexes (ICs) on human peripheral T cells. We demonstrate that IgG-ICs inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of a subset of naïve T cells but stimulate the division of another naïve-like T cell subset. Phenotypic analysis by multi-parameter flow cytometry and RNA-Seq were used to characterize the inhibited and stimulated T cells revealing that the inhibited subset presented immature features resembling those of recent thymic emigrants and non-activated naïve T cells, whereas the stimulated subset exhibited transcriptional features indicative of a more differentiated, early memory progenitor with a naïve-like phenotype. Furthermore, we show that while IgG1-ICs do not profoundly inhibit the proliferation of memory T cells, IgG1-ICs suppress the production of granzyme-β and perforin in cytotoxic memory T cells. Our findings reveal how ICs can link humoral immunity and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Charab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Matthew G. Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Haridha Shivram
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Justin M. Mirazee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Moses Donkor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Soumya R. Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Donjeta Gjuka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly H. Khoo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Vishwanath R. Iyer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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5
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Aging-induced IL27Ra signaling impairs hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2021; 136:183-198. [PMID: 32305041 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging correlates with an increasing risk of myeloproliferative disease and immunosenescence. In this study, we show that aging-related inflammation promotes HSC aging through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)→ERK→ETS1→interleukin27Ra (IL27Ra) pathway. TNF-α, a well-known biomarker of inflammation, increases during aging and induces the expression of IL27Ra on HSCs via ERK-ETS1 signaling. Deletion of IL27Ra rescues the functional decline and myeloid bias of HSCs and also reverses the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on HSCs. Aged IL27Ra-/- mice had a reduced proportion of myeloid-biased HSCs and did not display the biased myeloid differentiation that occurs in aged wild-type mice. IL27Ra+ HSCs exhibit impaired reconstitution capacity and myeloid-bias compared with IL27Ra- HSCs and serve as a myeloid-recovery pool upon inflammatory insult. Inflammation-related genes were enriched in IL27Ra+ HSCs and this enrichment increases with aging. Our study demonstrates that age-induced IL27Ra signaling impairs HSCs and raises the possibility that interfering with IL27Ra signaling can counter the physiologically deleterious effect of aging on hematopoietic capacity.
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6
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Impact of rituximab on the T-cell flow cytometric crossmatch. Transpl Immunol 2020; 64:101360. [PMID: 33359130 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is frequently used in the setting of ABO-incompatible renal transplants, and highly sensitized patients. Its interference with B-cell flow cytometric crossmatch (B-FCXM) is well known. However, its effect on the T-cell flow cytometric crossmatch (T-FCXM) has not been described. We aimed to evaluate the effect of rituximab on the T-FCXM using non-pronase and pronase treated donor lymphocytes and compare results with the single antigen bead (SAB) assay. In this retrospective study, 28 patients on rituximab therapy were evaluated against 30 donors. Using non-pronase treated donor lymphocytes, all 30 FCXMs showed strong B-cell positivity {median (IQR) B-cell ratio: 184.65 (253.17)} which significantly reduced {1.0 (1.18); p < 0.00001} with pronase treatment. 'T-cell tailing' phenomenon was observed in 17/30 FCXMs in the non-pronase group as a 'tail of T-cells', indicating a rare sub-population. However, it disappeared in the pronase-treated group. SAB assay did not show donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in all 17 patients with 'T-cell tailing' phenomenon. Although, rituximab is described to impact only B-FCXM, we have consistently found 'T-cell tailing' in 57% of T-FCXMs, which clears with pronase treatment. The 'T-cell tailing' led to weak positive T-FCMX ratios due to increased MFI in the FL1 channel. However, the absence of DSA in all recipients reinforces the fact that this is a false positive finding and should not be misconstrued as a possible class I DSA. Structural homology of Fc receptors on activated T-cells to CD20 could be a possible explanation of the same and provide insight into a novel mechanism of action of rituximab.
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7
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Massa C, Karn T, Denkert C, Schneeweiss A, Hanusch C, Blohmer JU, Zahm DM, Jackisch C, van Mackelenbergh M, Thomalla J, Marme F, Huober J, Müller V, Schem C, Mueller A, Stickeler E, Biehl K, Fasching PA, Untch M, Loibl S, Weber K, Seliger B. Differential effect on different immune subsets of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with TNBC. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001261. [PMID: 33199511 PMCID: PMC7670944 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer (BC). Due to the absence of targets such as HER2 or hormone receptors, early TNBC is treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Since TNBC is also considered the most immunogenic type of BC with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that are predictive for chemotherapy response and prognostic for patients′ survival, many different immunotherapeutic strategies are currently explored in clinical trials for the treatment of this disease. In order to efficiently combine chemotherapy with immunotherapy, it is important to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on immune cells in vivo. Methods Peripheral blood was taken from 56 patients with TNBC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-Pac) followed by epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC) at three different time points. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to characterize the immune cell composition and functional properties along neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results Whereas the first phase of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly alter the patients′ immune cell composition, after the second phase of chemotherapeutic administration most B cells (>90%) were lost and the frequency of natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes decreased approximately to 50%. In contrast, the frequency of CD8+ T cells were less affected. Conclusions Despite late consequences of Nab-Pac cannot be ruled out, these data suggest that different chemotherapeutics might have distinct effects on the immune cell repertoire and that different immune cell populations exhibit a specific susceptibility to these chemotherapies with B and NK cells being more affected than T cells. This might also have an impact on the combination of chemotherapies with immunotherapies. Trial registration number NCT02685059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Insitute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Jens-Uwe Blohmer
- Brustzentrum, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Jackisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach GmbH, Offenbach, Hessen, Germany
| | - Marion van Mackelenbergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Jörg Thomalla
- Praxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- Universitätsfrauenklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jens Huober
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anja Mueller
- Insitute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Katharina Biehl
- Insitute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Michael Untch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- Department of Medicine and Research, German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Weber
- Department of Medicine and Research, German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Hessen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Insitute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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8
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Rasoulouniriana D, Santana-Magal N, Gutwillig A, Farhat-Younis L, Wine Y, Saperia C, Tal L, Gutman H, Tsivian A, Brenner R, Bandora EA, Reticker-Flynn NE, Rider P, Carmi Y. A distinct subset of FcγRI-expressing Th1 cells exert antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4151-4164. [PMID: 31449054 DOI: 10.1172/jci127590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While a high frequency of Th1 cells in tumors is associated with improved cancer prognosis, this benefit has been attributed mainly to support of cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. By attempting to potentiate antibody-driven immunity, we found a remarkable synergy between CD4+ T cells and tumor-binding antibodies. This surprising synergy was mediated by a small subset of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells that express the high-affinity Fcγ receptor for IgG (FcγRI) in both mouse and human patients. These cells efficiently lyse tumor cells coated with antibodies through concomitant crosslinking of their T cell receptor (TCR) and FcγRI. By expressing FcγRI and its signaling chain in conventional CD4+ T cells, we successfully employed this mechanism to treat established solid cancers. Overall, this discovery sheds new light on the biology of this T cell subset, their function during tumor immunity, and the means to utilize their unique killing signals in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haim Gutman
- Department of Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexander Tsivian
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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9
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Jacquemont L, Tilly G, Yap M, Doan-Ngoc TM, Danger R, Guérif P, Delbos F, Martinet B, Giral M, Foucher Y, Brouard S, Degauque N. Terminally Differentiated Effector Memory CD8 + T Cells Identify Kidney Transplant Recipients at High Risk of Graft Failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:876-891. [PMID: 32165419 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying biomarkers to predict kidney transplant failure and to define new therapeutic targets requires more comprehensive understanding of the immune response to chronic allogeneic stimulation. METHODS We investigated the frequency and function of CD8+ T cell subsets-including effector memory (EM) and terminally differentiated EM (TEMRA) CD8+ T cells-in blood samples from 284 kidney transplant recipients recruited 1 year post-transplant and followed for a median of 8.3 years. We also analyzed CD8+ T cell reactivity to donor-specific PBMCs in 24 patients who had received living-donor kidney transplants. RESULTS Increased frequency of circulating TEMRA CD8+ T cells at 1 year post-transplant associated with increased risk of graft failure during follow-up. This association remained after adjustment for a previously reported composite of eight clinical variables, the Kidney Transplant Failure Score. In contrast, increased frequency of EM CD8+ T cells associated with reduced risk of graft failure. A distinct TEMRA CD8+ T cell subpopulation was identified that was characterized by expression of FcγRIIIA (CD16) and by high levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion and cytotoxic activity. Although donor-specific stimulation induced a similar rapid, early response in EM and TEMRA CD8+ T cells, CD16 engagement resulted in selective activation of TEMRA CD8+ T cells, which mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS At 1 year post-transplant, the composition of memory CD8+ T cell subsets in blood improved prediction of 8-year kidney transplant failure compared with a clinical-variables score alone. A subpopulation of TEMRA CD8+ T cells displays a novel dual mechanism of activation mediated by engagement of the T-cell receptor or of CD16. These findings suggest that TEMRA CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in humoral and cellular rejection and reveal the potential value of memory CD8+ T cell monitoring for predicting risk of kidney transplant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Jacquemont
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Tilly
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Michelle Yap
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Tra-My Doan-Ngoc
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Martinet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Yohann Foucher
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, methodS in Patient-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), UMR1246, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR 1064, Nantes, France; .,CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
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10
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Schoettler N, Hrusch CL, Blaine KM, Sperling AI, Ober C. Transcriptional programming and T cell receptor repertoires distinguish human lung and lymph node memory T cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:411. [PMID: 31754641 PMCID: PMC6853923 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific memory T cells persist for years after exposure to a pathogen and provide effective recall responses. Many memory T cell subsets have been identified and differ in abundance throughout tissues. This study focused on CD4 and CD8 memory T cells from paired human lung and lung draining lymph node (LDLN) samples and identified substantial differences in the transcriptional landscape of these subsets, including higher expression of an array of innate immune receptors in lung T cells which were further validated by flow cytometry. Using T cell receptor analysis, we determined the clonal overlap between memory T cell subsets within the lung and within the LDLN, and this was greater than the clonal overlap observed between memory T cell subsets compared across tissues. Our results suggest that lung and LDLN memory T cells originate from different precursor pools, recognize distinct antigens and likely have separate roles in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Schoettler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Cara L Hrusch
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kelly M Blaine
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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11
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Mass cytometry dissects T cell heterogeneity in the immune tumor microenvironment of common dysproteinemias at diagnosis and after first line therapies. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:72. [PMID: 31462637 PMCID: PMC6713712 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysproteinemias progress through a series of clonal evolution events in the tumor cell along with the development of a progressively more “permissive” immune tumor microenvironment (iTME). Novel multiparametric cytometry approaches, such as cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) combined with novel gating algorithms can rapidly characterize previously unknown phenotypes in the iTME of tumors and better capture its heterogeneity. Here, we used a 33-marker CyTOF panel to characterize the iTME of dysproteinemia patients (MGUS, multiple myeloma—MM, smoldering MM, and AL amyloidosis) at diagnosis and after standard of care first line therapies (triplet induction chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant—ASCT). We identify novel subsets, some of which are unique to the iTME and absent from matched peripheral blood samples, with potential roles in tumor immunosurveillance as well as tumor immune escape. We find that AL amyloidosis has a distinct iTME compared to other dysproteinemias with higher myeloid and “innate-like” T cell subset infiltration. We show that T cell immune senescence might be implicated in disease pathogenesis in patients with trisomies. Finally, we demonstrate that the early post-ASCT period is associated with an increase of senescent and exhausted subsets, which might have implications for the rational selection of post-ASCT therapies.
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12
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Rathod S, Ramsey M, DiGiorgio D, Berrios R, Finkelman FD, Fernandez CA. Asparaginase immune complexes induce Fc-γRIII-dependent hypersensitivity in naive mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10996-11005. [PMID: 31284767 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginase (ASNase) is an important drug for the treatment of leukemias. However, hypersensitivity to ASNase can increase the risk of leukemia relapse. Two mechanisms of ASNase hypersensitivity have been identified in mice. The existence of a pathway involving anti-ASNase IgG and Fc-γ receptor III (Fc-γRIII) implies that IgG and ASNase immune complexes (ICs) could directly induce hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to detect ASNase ICs in mice after hypersensitivity reactions and determine their role in hypersensitivity. Protein G beads were used to detect plasma ASNase ICs by flow cytometry. Anti-ASNase IgG was purified from the plasma of sensitized mice, and ASNase ICs were prepared ex vivo at various ratios of ASNase to anti-ASNase IgG. The levels of ASNase ICs detected after hypersensitivity reactions correlated with reaction severity (R2 = 0.796; P = 0.0005). ASNase ICs prepared ex vivo required high levels of anti-ASNase IgG for formation, and binding to naive and sensitized immune cells depended on soluble anti-ASNase IgG, antigen:antibody ratio, and Fc-γRIII. Similarly, basophil activation by ASNase ICs depended on the antigen:antibody ratio and Fc-γRIII. Consistent with the ex vivo results, naive mice receiving ASNase ICs developed hypersensitivity reactions. Our data demonstrate that ASNase ICs can directly contribute to the onset and severity of ASNase hypersensitivity.-Rathod, S., Ramsey, M., DiGiorgio, D., Berrios, R., Finkelman, F. D., Fernandez, C. A. Asparaginase immune complexes induce Fc-γRIII-dependent hypersensitivity in naive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manda Ramsey
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle DiGiorgio
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roberto Berrios
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian A Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Kapelski S, Cleiren E, Attar RM, Philippar U, Häsler J, Chiu ML. Influence of the bispecific antibody IgG subclass on T cell redirection. MAbs 2019; 11:1012-1024. [PMID: 31242061 PMCID: PMC6748600 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1624464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell redirection mediated by bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is a promising cancer therapy. Dual antigen binding is necessary for potent T cell redirection and is influenced by the structural characteristics of a BsAb, which are dependent on its IgG subclass. In this study, model BsAbs targeting CD19xCD3 were generated in variants of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 carrying Fc mutations that reduce FcγR interaction, and two chimeric IgG subclasses termed IgG1:2 and IgG4:2, in which the IgG1- or IgG4-F(ab)2 are grafted on an IgG2 Fc. Molecules containing an IgG2 or IgG4-F(ab)2 domain were confirmed to be the most structurally compact molecules. All BsAbs were shown to bind both of their target proteins (and corresponding cells) equally well. However, CD19xCD3 IgG2 did not bind both antigens simultaneously as measured by the absence of cellular clustering of T cells with target cells. This translated to a reduced potency of IgG2 BsAbs in T-cell redirection assays. The activity of IgG2 BsAbs was fully restored in the chimeric subclasses IgG4:2 and IgG1:2. This confirmed the major contribution of the F(ab)2 region to the BsAb's functional activity and demonstrated that function of BsAbs can be modulated by engineering molecules combining different Fc and F(ab)2 domains. Abbreviations: ADCC: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; AlphaScreenTM: Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screening; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; BiTE: bispecific T-cell engager; BSA: bovine serum albumin; BsAb: bispecific antibody; cFAE: controlled Fab-arm exchange; CDC: complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CIEX: cation-exchange; CIR: chimeric immune receptor; DPBS: Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline; EC50 value: effective concentration to reach half-maximum effect; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EI: expansion index (RAt=x/RAt=0); FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FVD: fixable viability dye; HI-HPLC: hydrophobic interaction HPLC; HI-FBS: heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum; HPLC: high-pressure liquid chromatography; IC50 value: effective concentration to reach half-maximum inhibition; IQ: Inhibition Quotient; IS: immunological synapse; MES: 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid; R-PE: recombinant phycoerythrin; RA: red area in μm2/well; RD: receptor density; RFP: red fluorescent protein; Rg: radius of gyration; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; SAXS: small-angle x-ray scattering; scFv: single-chain variable fragment; SD: standard deviation; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kapelski
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
- Oncology Biology & Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Erna Cleiren
- Former Discovery Sciences, LD-Screening BE, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
- Charles River Laboratories, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ricardo M. Attar
- Oncology Biology & Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA,USA
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Oncology Biology & Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Julien Häsler
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mark L. Chiu
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research and Development, Malvern, PA, USA
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14
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Crowley AR, Ackerman ME. Mind the Gap: How Interspecies Variability in IgG and Its Receptors May Complicate Comparisons of Human and Non-human Primate Effector Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:697. [PMID: 31024542 PMCID: PMC6463756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of HIV research relies heavily on non-human primates, particularly the members of the macaque genus, as models for the evaluation of candidate vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. A growing body of research suggests that successful protection of humans will not solely rely on the neutralization activity of an antibody's antigen binding fragment. Rather, immunological effector functions prompted by the interaction of the immunoglobulin G constant region and its cognate Fc receptors help contribute to favorable outcomes. Inherent differences in the sequences, expression, and activities of human and non-human primate antibody receptors and immunoglobulins have the potential to produce disparate results in the observations made in studies conducted in differing species. Having a more complete understanding of these differences, however, should permit the more fluent translation of observations between model organisms and the clinic. Here we present a guide to such translations that encompasses not only what is presently known regarding the affinity of the receptor-ligand interactions but also the influence of expression patterns and allelic variation, with a focus on insights gained from use of this model in HIV vaccines and passive antibody therapy and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crowley
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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15
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Patel KR, Roberts JT, Barb AW. Multiple Variables at the Leukocyte Cell Surface Impact Fc γ Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:223. [PMID: 30837990 PMCID: PMC6382684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc γ receptors (FcγR) expressed on the surface of human leukocytes bind clusters of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to induce a variety of responses. Many therapeutic antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies prevent or treat infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune disorders by binding FcγRs, thus there is a need to fully define the variables that impact antibody-induced mechanisms to properly evaluate candidate therapies and design new intervention strategies. A multitude of factors influence the IgG-FcγR interaction; one well-described factor is the differential affinity of the six distinct FcγRs for the four human IgG subclasses. However, there are several other recently described factors that may prove more relevant for disease treatment. This review covers recent reports of several aspects found at the leukocyte membrane or outside the cell that contribute to the cell-based response to antibody-coated targets. One major focus is recent reports covering post-translational modification of the FcγRs, including asparagine-linked glycosylation. This review also covers the organization of FcγRs at the cell surface, and properties of the immune complex. Recent technical advances provide high-resolution measurements of these often-overlooked variables in leukocyte function and immune system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap R Patel
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jacob T Roberts
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Adam W Barb
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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16
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Holgado MP, Sananez I, Raiden S, Geffner JR, Arruvito L. CD32 Ligation Promotes the Activation of CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2814. [PMID: 30555482 PMCID: PMC6284025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low affinity receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγRs) represent a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity. Immune complexes (ICs) are the natural ligands for low affinity FcγRs, and high levels of ICs are usually detected in both, chronic viral infections and autoimmune diseases. The expression and function of FcγRs in myeloid cells, NK cells and B cells have been well characterized. By contrast, there are controversial reports about the expression and function of FcγRs in T cells. Here, we demonstrated that ~2% of resting CD4+ T cells express cell surface FcγRII (CD32). Analysis of CD32 expression in permeabilized cells revealed an increased proportion of CD4+CD32+ T cells (~9%), indicating that CD4+ T cells store a CD32 cytoplasmic pool. Activation of CD4+ T cells markedly increased the expression of CD32 either at the cell surface or intracellularly. Analysis of CD32 mRNA transcripts in activated CD4+ T cells revealed the presence of both, the stimulatory FcγRIIa (CD32a) and the inhibitory FcγRIIb (CD32b) isoforms of CD32, being the CD32a:CD32b mRNA ratio ~5:1. Consistent with this finding, we found not only that CD4+ T cells bind aggregated IgG, used as an IC model, but also that CD32 ligation by specific mAb induced a strong calcium transient in CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we found that pretreatment of CD4+ T cells with immobilized IgG as well as cross-linking of CD32 by specific antibodies increased both, the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and the release of a wide pattern of cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) triggered by either PHA or anti-CD3 mAb. Collectively, our results indicate that ligation of CD32 promotes the activation of CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that ICs might contribute to the perpetuation of chronic inflammatory responses by virtue of its ability to directly interact with CD4+ T cells through CD32a, promoting the activation of T cells into different inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pía Holgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Sananez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Raiden
- Unidad I, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Arruvito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Proff J, Brey CU, Ensser A, Holter W, Lehner M. Turning the tables on cytomegalovirus: targeting viral Fc receptors by CARs containing mutated CH2-CH3 IgG spacer domains. J Transl Med 2018; 16:26. [PMID: 29422056 PMCID: PMC5804023 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) several viral proteins occur on cell surfaces in high quantity. We thus pursue an HLA-independent approach for immunotherapy of HCMV using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and bispecific BiTE® antibody constructs. In this context, HCMV-encoded proteins that mediate viral immune evasion and bind human IgG might represent particularly attractive target antigens. Unlike in observations of similar approaches for HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses, however, HCMV-infected cells develop a striking resistance to cytotoxic effector functions at later stages of the replication cycle. In our study we therefore wanted to test two hypotheses: (1) CAR T cells can efficiently inhibit HCMV replication independently from cytotoxic effector functions, and (2) HCMV can be targeted by CH2–CH3 IgG spacer domains that contain mutations previously reported to prevent exhaustion and to rescue CAR T cell function in vivo. Methods Replication of GFP-encoding recombinant HCMV in fibroblasts in the presence and absence of supernatants from T cell co-cultures plus/minus cytokine neutralizing antibodies was analyzed by flow cytometry. CARs with wild type and mutated CH2–CH3 domains were expressed in human T cells by mRNA electroporation, and the function of the CARs was assessed by quantifying T cell cytokine secretion. Results We confirm and extend previous evidence of antiviral cytokine effects and demonstrate that CAR T cells strongly block HCMV replication in fibroblasts mainly by combined secretion of IFN-γ and TNF. Furthermore, we show that fibroblasts infected with HCMV strains AD169 and Towne starting from day 3 have a high capacity for binding of human IgG1 and also strongly activate T cells expressing a CAR with CH2–CH3 domain. Importantly, we further show that mutations in the CH2–CH3 domain of IgG1 and IgG4, which were previously reported to rescue CAR T cell function by abrogating interaction with endogenous Fc receptors (FcRs), still enable recognition of FcRs encoded by HCMV. Conclusions Our findings identify HCMV-encoded FcRs as an attractive additional target for HCMV immunotherapy by CARs and possibly bispecific antibodies. The use of specifically mutated IgG domains that bind to HCMV-FcRs without recognizing endogenous FcRs may supersede screening for novel binders directed against individual HCMV-FcRs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1394-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Proff
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte U Brey
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Holter
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 6, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Lehner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,St. Anna Kinderspital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 6, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Chauhan AK. FcγRIIIa Signaling Modulates Endosomal TLR Responses in Human CD4 + T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:4596-4606. [PMID: 28500073 PMCID: PMC5505339 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of Ab-opsonized pathogens by immune cells triggers both TLR and Fc receptor signaling. Fc receptors endocytose modified nucleic acids bound to Abs and deliver them to endosomes, where they are recognized by nucleic acid-sensing TLRs (NA-TLRs). We show that in CD4+ T cells, NA-TLRs, TLR3, TLR8, and TLR9 are upregulated by FcγRIIIa-pSyk cosignaling and localize with FcγRIIIa on the cell surface. TLR9 accumulates on the cell surface, where it recognizes CpG oligonucleotide 2006. Subcellular location of NA-TLRs is a key determinant in discriminating self versus viral nucleic acid. Hydroxychloroquine used for treating systemic lupus erythematosus and a Syk inhibitor blocked NA-TLR localization with FcγRIIIa. Engaging TLR9 with CpG oligonucleotide contributes to the development of IL17A+ and IL-21+ populations. RNA-sequencing analysis showed upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB signaling, and heat shock protein pathway RNA transcripts. These data suggest a role for FcγRIIIa-pSyk cosignaling in modulating NA-TLR responses in human CD4+ T cells by affecting the amounts and cellular distribution. These events are important for understanding of autoimmune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chauhan
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104; and
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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19
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Ohyama K. [Screening for Potential Drug Targets by Comprehensive Identification of Disease-specific Antigens Incorporated into Immune Complexes in Patients with Immunological Diseases]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:157-61. [PMID: 26831786 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our immune system resembles an intelligent security system, which continually monitors for foreign invaders (infectious diseases); however, in some cases, this system recognizes healthy parts as something harmful or foreign and then attacks them (autoimmune diseases). The defining characteristics of an autoimmune disease are the existence of T- and B-cell autoreactivity against self proteins (autoantigens). In addition to autoimmune diseases, aberrant host proteins that occur during a certain state of diseases (e.g., cancer) can be recognized as an autoantigen. Immune complexes (ICs) are produced during an immune response and may reflect some aspects of an ongoing immune response. Therefore, the identity of antigens incorporated into ICs provides the information that in the future may aid in the development of diagnosis and treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases, infection, cancer, and transplantation therapy, and this information might be more relevant than information on free antigens. We developed a novel proteomic strategy (immune complexome analysis) in which ICs are separated from serum, followed by direct tryptic digestion and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the identification and profiling of antigens in circulating ICs. We applied this strategy to the analysis of circulating ICs in autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, Takayasu's arteritis, mixed connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus), infectious diseases and cancers. In this review, we mainly discuss the results for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Ohyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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20
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Chauhan AK. Human CD4(+) T-Cells: A Role for Low-Affinity Fc Receptors. Front Immunol 2016; 7:215. [PMID: 27313579 PMCID: PMC4887501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both lymphoid and myeloid cells express Fc receptors (FcRs). Low-affinity FcRs engage circulating immune complexes, which results in the cellular activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. FcRs participate in the internalization, transport, and/or recycling of antibodies and antigens. Cytosolic FcRs also route these proteins to proteasomes and antigen-presentation pathways. Non-activated CD4(+) T-cells do not express FcRs. Once activated, naive CD4(+) T-cells express FcγRIIIa, which, upon IC ligation, provide a costimulatory signal for the differentiation of these cells into effector cell population. FcγRIIIa present on CD4(+) T-cell membrane could internalize nucleic acid-containing ICs and elicit a cross-talk with toll-like receptors. FcγRIIIa common γ-chain forms a heterodimer with the ζ-chain of T-cell receptor complex, suggesting a synergistic role for these receptors. This review first summarizes our current understanding of FcRs on CD4(+) T-cells. Thereafter, I will attempt to correlate the findings from the recent literature on FcRs and propose a role for these receptors in modulating adaptive immune responses via TLR signaling, nucleic acid sensing, and epigenetic changes in CD4(+) T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chauhan
- Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA
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21
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Transcriptome signature for dampened Th2 dominance in acellular pertussis vaccine-induced CD4(+) T cell responses through TLR4 ligation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25064. [PMID: 27118638 PMCID: PMC4846868 DOI: 10.1038/srep25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines promote a T helper 2 (Th2)-dominated response, while Th1/Th17 cells are protective. As our previous study showed, after adding a non-toxic TLR4 ligand, LpxL1, to the aP vaccine in mice, the Bordetella pertussis-specific Th2 response is decreased and Th1/Th17 responses are increased as measured at the cytokine protein level. However, how this shift in Th response by LpxL1 addition is regulated at the gene expression level remains unclear. Transcriptomics analysis was performed on purified CD4(+) T cells of control and vaccinated mice after in vitro restimulation with aP vaccine antigens. Multiple key factors in Th differentiation, including transcription factors, cytokines, and receptors, were identified within the differentially expressed genes. Upregulation of Th2- and downregulation of follicular helper T cell-associated genes were found in the CD4(+) T cells of both aP- and aP+LpxL1-vaccinated mice. Genes exclusively upregulated in CD4(+) T cells of aP+LpxL1-vaccinated mice included Th1 and Th17 signature cytokine genes Ifng and Il17a respectively. Overall, our study indicates that after addition of LpxL1 to the aP vaccine the Th2 component is not downregulated at the gene expression level. Rather an increase in expression of Th1- and Th17-associated genes caused the shift in Th subset outcome.
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22
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Krishna M, Nadler SG. Immunogenicity to Biotherapeutics - The Role of Anti-drug Immune Complexes. Front Immunol 2016; 7:21. [PMID: 26870037 PMCID: PMC4735944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological molecules are increasingly becoming a part of the therapeutics portfolio that has been either recently approved for marketing or those that are in the pipeline of several biotech and pharmaceutical companies. This is largely based on their ability to be highly specific relative to small molecules. However, by virtue of being a large protein, and having a complex structure with structural variability arising from production using recombinant gene technology in cell lines, such therapeutics run the risk of being recognized as foreign by a host immune system. In the context of immune-mediated adverse effects that have been documented to biological drugs thus far, including infusion reactions, and the evolving therapeutic platforms in the pipeline that engineer different functional modules in a biotherapeutic, it is critical to understand the interplay of the adaptive and innate immune responses, the pathophysiology of immunogenicity to biological drugs in instances where there have been immune-mediated adverse clinical sequelae and address technical approaches for their laboratory evaluation. The current paradigm in immunogenicity evaluation has a tiered approach to the detection and characterization of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) elicited in vivo to a biotherapeutic; alongside with the structural, biophysical, and molecular information of the therapeutic, these analytical assessments form the core of the immunogenicity risk assessment. However, many of the immune-mediated adverse effects attributed to ADAs require the formation of a drug/ADA immune complex (IC) intermediate that can have a variety of downstream effects. This review will focus on the activation of potential immunopathological pathways arising as a consequence of circulating as well as cell surface bound drug bearing ICs, risk factors that are intrinsic either to the therapeutic molecule or to the host that might predispose to IC-mediated effects, and review the recent literature on prevalence and intensity of established examples of type II and III hypersensitivity reactions that follow the administration of a biotherapeutic. Additionally, we propose methods for the study of immune parameters specific to the biology of ICs that could be of use in conjunction with the detection of ADAs in circulation.
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23
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Chauhan AK, Moore TL, Bi Y, Chen C. FcγRIIIa-Syk Co-signal Modulates CD4+ T-cell Response and Up-regulates Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1368-86. [PMID: 26582197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show altered T-cell receptor signaling, which utilizes Fc-receptor γ-chain FcRγ-Syk. A role for FcγRIIIa activation from immune complex (IC) ligation and sublytic terminal complement complex (C5b-9) in CD4(+) T-cell responses is not investigated. In this study, we show that the ICs present in SLE patients by ligating to FcγRIIIa on CD4(+) T-cells phosphorylate Syk and provide a co-stimulatory signal to CD4(+) T-cells in the absence of CD28 signal. This led to the development of pathogenic IL-17A(+) and IFN-γ(high) CD4(+) T-cells in vitro. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-23 were the only requirement for the development of both populations. SLE patients CD4(+) T-cells that expressed CD25, CD69, and CD98 bound to ICs showed pSyk and produced IFN-γ and IL-17A. This FcγRIIIa-mediated co-signal differentially up-regulated the expression of IFN pathway genes compared with CD28 co-signal. FcγRIIIa-pSyk up-regulated several toll-like receptor genes as well as the HMGB1 and MyD88 gene transcripts. ICs co-localized with these toll-like receptor pathway proteins. These results suggest a role for the FcγRIIIa-pSyk signal in modulating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chauhan
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Terry L Moore
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Ye Bi
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Chen Chen
- From the Division of Adult and Pediatric Rheumatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
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