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Usey MM, Ruberto AA, Huet D. The Toxoplasma gondii homolog of ATPase inhibitory factor 1 is critical for mitochondrial cristae maintenance and stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.09.607411. [PMID: 39149366 PMCID: PMC11326266 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The production of energy in the form of ATP by the mitochondrial ATP synthase must be tightly controlled. One well-conserved form of regulation is mediated via ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), which governs ATP synthase activity and gene expression patterns through a cytoprotective process known as mitohormesis. In apicomplexans, the processes regulating ATP synthase activity are not fully elucidated. Using the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii, we found that knockout and overexpression of TgIF1, the structural homolog of IF1, significantly affected gene expression. Additionally, TgIF1 overexpression resulted in the formation of a stable TgIF1 oligomer that increased the presence of higher order ATP synthase oligomers. We also show that parasites lacking TgIF1 exhibit reduced mitochondrial cristae density, and that while TgIF1 levels do not affect growth in conventional culture conditions, they are crucial for parasite survival under hypoxia. Interestingly, TgIF1 overexpression enhances recovery from oxidative stress, suggesting a mitohormetic function. In summary, while TgIF1 does not appear to play a role in metabolic regulation under conventional growth conditions, our work highlights its importance for adapting to stressors faced by T. gondii and other apicomplexans throughout their intricate life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine M. Usey
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anthony A. Ruberto
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Diego Huet
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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2
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Sgarbi G, Righetti R, Del Dotto V, Grillini S, Giorgio V, Baracca A, Solaini G. The pro-oncogenic protein IF 1 does not contribute to the Warburg effect and is not regulated by PKA in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166879. [PMID: 37689158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous inhibitor of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATPase (ATP synthase), IF1, has been shown to exert pro-oncogenic actions, including reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism (Warburg effect). The latter action of IF1 has been reported to be hampered by its PKA-dependent phosphorylation, but both reprogramming of metabolism and PKA-dependent phosphorylation are intensely debated. To clarify these critical issues, we prepared stably IF1-silenced clones and compared their bioenergetics with that of the three parental IF1-expressing cancer cell lines. All functional parameters: respiration rate, ATP synthesis rate (OXPHOS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were similar in IF1-silenced and control cells, clearly indicating that IF1 cannot inhibit the ATP synthase in cancer cells when the enzyme works physiologically. Furthermore, all cell types exposed to PKA modulators and energized with NAD+-dependent substrates or succinate showed similar OXPHOS rate regardless of the presence or absence of IF1. Therefore, our results rule out that IF1 action is modulated by its PKA-dependent phosphorylated/dephosphorylated state. Notably, cells exposed to a negative PKA modulator and energized with NAD+-dependent substrates showed a significant decrease of the OXPHOS rate matching previously reported inactivation of complex I. Overall, this study definitively demonstrates that IF1 inhibits neither mitochondrial ATP synthase nor OXPHOS in normoxic cancer cells and does not contribute to the Warburg effect. Thus, currently the protection of cancer cells from severe hypoxia/anoxia and apoptosis remain the only unquestionable actions of IF1 as pro-oncogenic factor that may be exploited to develop therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Righetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Grillini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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3
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Alberghina L. The Warburg Effect Explained: Integration of Enhanced Glycolysis with Heterogeneous Mitochondria to Promote Cancer Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15787. [PMID: 37958775 PMCID: PMC10648413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is the long-standing riddle of cancer biology. How does aerobic glycolysis, inefficient in producing ATP, confer a growth advantage to cancer cells? A new evaluation of a large set of literature findings covering the Warburg effect and its yeast counterpart, the Crabtree effect, led to an innovative working hypothesis presented here. It holds that enhanced glycolysis partially inactivates oxidative phosphorylation to induce functional rewiring of a set of TCA cycle enzymes to generate new non-canonical metabolic pathways that sustain faster growth rates. The hypothesis has been structured by constructing two metabolic maps, one for cancer metabolism and the other for the yeast Crabtree effect. New lines of investigation, suggested by these maps, are discussed as instrumental in leading toward a better understanding of cancer biology in order to allow the development of more efficient metabolism-targeted anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Alberghina
- Centre of Systems Biology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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4
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Righetti R, Grillini S, Del Dotto V, Costanzini A, Liuzzi F, Zanna C, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Baracca A. The Pro-Oncogenic Protein IF 1 Promotes Proliferation of Anoxic Cancer Cells during Re-Oxygenation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14624. [PMID: 37834071 PMCID: PMC10572598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells overexpress IF1, the endogenous protein that inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ATP synthase when mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔμH+) falls, as in ischemia. Other roles have been ascribed to IF1, but the associated molecular mechanisms are still under debate. We investigated the ability of IF1 to promote survival and proliferation in osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells exposed to conditions mimicking ischemia and reperfusion, as occurs in vivo, particularly in solid tumors. IF1-silenced and parental cells were exposed to the FCCP uncoupler to collapse ΔμH+ and the bioenergetics of cell models were validated. All the uncoupled cells preserved mitochondrial mass, but the implemented mechanisms differed in IF1-expressing and IF1-silenced cells. Indeed, the membrane potential collapse and the energy charge preservation allowed an increase in both mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in IF1-expressing cells only. Interestingly, the presence of IF1 also conferred a proliferative advantage to cells highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation when the uncoupler was washed out, mimicking cell re-oxygenation. Overall, our results indicate that IF1, by allowing energy preservation and promoting mitochondrial renewal, can favor proliferation of anoxic cells and tumor growth. Therefore, hindering the action of IF1 may be promising for the therapy of tumors that rely on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Righetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Grillini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Maternal-Infantile and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Claudia Zanna
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.R.); (S.G.); (V.D.D.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (A.B.)
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5
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Granata S, Canistro D, Vivarelli F, Morosini C, Rullo L, Mercatante D, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Baracca A, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Ghini S, Fagiolino I, Sangiorgi S, Paolini M. Potential Harm of IQOS Smoke to Rat Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12462. [PMID: 37569836 PMCID: PMC10419033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration has recently classified the IQOS electronic cigarette as a modified-risk tobacco product. However, IQOS cigarettes still release various harmful constituents typical of conventional cigarettes (CCs), although the concentrations are markedly lower. Here, we investigated the damaging effects of IQOS smoking on the liver. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed, whole body, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to IQOS smoke (4 sticks/day), and hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, redox homeostasis and lipidomic profile were investigated. IQOS boosted reactive radicals and generated oxidative stress. Exposure decreased cellular reserves of total glutathione (GSH) but not GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. Catalase and xanthine oxidase were greater in the exposed group, as were various hepatic CYP-dependent monooxygenases (CYP2B1/2, CYP1A1, CYP2A1, CYP2E1-linked). Respiratory chain activity was unaltered, while the number of liver mitochondria was increased. IQOS exposure had an impact on the hepatic lipid profile. With regard to the expression of some MAP kinases commonly activated by CC smoking, IQOS increased the p-p38/p38 ratio, while erythroid nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) was negatively affected. Our data suggest that IQOS significantly impairs liver function, supporting the precautionary stance taken by the WHO toward the use of these devices, especially by young people and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Granata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Camilla Morosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Dario Mercatante
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (M.T.R.-E.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (M.T.R.-E.)
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Severino Ghini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Ivan Fagiolino
- Gruppo CSA—S.p.A., Via al Torrente 22, 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Stefano Sangiorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
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6
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Galber C, Fabbian S, Gatto C, Grandi M, Carissimi S, Acosta MJ, Sgarbi G, Tiso N, Argenton F, Solaini G, Baracca A, Bellanda M, Giorgio V. The mitochondrial inhibitor IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit and protects cancer cells from apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:54. [PMID: 36690622 PMCID: PMC9870916 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein IF1 binds to the catalytic domain of the ATP synthase and inhibits ATP hydrolysis in ischemic tissues. Moreover, IF1 is overexpressed in many tumors and has been shown to act as a pro-oncogenic protein, although its mechanism of action is still debated. Here, we show that ATP5IF1 gene disruption in HeLa cells decreases colony formation in soft agar and tumor mass development in xenografts, underlining the role of IF1 in cancer. Notably, the lack of IF1 does not affect proliferation or oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial respiration, but it sensitizes the cells to the opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP). Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation analysis show that IF1 binds to the ATP synthase OSCP subunit in HeLa cells under oxidative phosphorylation conditions. The IF1-OSCP interaction is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy analysis of the recombinant soluble proteins. Overall, our results suggest that the IF1-OSCP interaction protects cancer cells from PTP-dependent apoptosis under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Simone Fabbian
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Martina Grandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellanda
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Padova, I-35121, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, I-40126, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, I-35121, Italy.
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7
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Chiariello A, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Baracca A, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Medici V, Fantini V, Poloni TE, Tognocchi M, Arcaro M, Galimberti D, Franceschi C, Capri M, Salvioli S, Conte M. The expression pattern of GDF15 in human brain changes during aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1058665. [PMID: 36698863 PMCID: PMC9869280 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1058665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial-stress-responsive molecule whose expression strongly increases with aging and age-related diseases. However, its role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is still debated. Methods We have characterized the expression of GDF15 in brain samples from AD patients and non-demented subjects (controls) of different ages. Results Although no difference in CSF levels of GDF15 was found between AD patients and controls, GDF15 was expressed in different brain areas and seems to be predominantly localized in neurons. The ratio between its mature and precursor form was higher in the frontal cortex of AD patients compared to age-matched controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, this ratio was even higher for centenarians (p < 0.01), indicating that aging also affects GDF15 expression and maturation. A lower expression of OXPHOS complexes I, III, and V in AD patients compared to controls was also noticed, and a positive correlation between GDF15 and IL-6 mRNA levels was observed. Finally, when GDF15 was silenced in vitro in dermal fibroblasts, a decrease in OXPHOS complexes transcript levels and an increase in IL-6 levels were observed. Discussion Although GDF15 seems not to be a reliable CSF marker for AD, it is highly expressed in aging and AD brains, likely as a part of stress response aimed at counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fantini
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tognocchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Stefano Salvioli, ✉
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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A Mutation in Mouse MT-ATP6 Gene Induces Respiration Defects and Opposed Effects on the Cell Tumorigenic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021300. [PMID: 36674816 PMCID: PMC9865613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As the last step of the OXPHOS system, mitochondrial ATP synthase (or complex V) is responsible for ATP production by using the generated proton gradient, but also has an impact on other important functions linked to this system. Mutations either in complex V structural subunits, especially in mtDNA-encoded ATP6 gene, or in its assembly factors, are the molecular cause of a wide variety of human diseases, most of them classified as neurodegenerative disorders. The role of ATP synthase alterations in cancer development or metastasis has also been postulated. In this work, we reported the generation and characterization of the first mt-Atp6 pathological mutation in mouse cells, an m.8414A>G transition that promotes an amino acid change from Asn to Ser at a highly conserved residue of the protein (p.N163S), located near the path followed by protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. The phenotypic consequences of the p.N163S change reproduce the effects of MT-ATP6 mutations in human diseases, such as dependence on glycolysis, defective OXPHOS activity, ATP synthesis impairment, increased ROS generation or mitochondrial membrane potential alteration. These observations demonstrate that this mutant cell line could be of great interest for the generation of mouse models with the aim of studying human diseases caused by alterations in ATP synthase. On the other hand, mutant cells showed lower migration capacity, higher expression of MHC-I and slightly lower levels of HIF-1α, indicating a possible reduction of their tumorigenic potential. These results could suggest a protective role of ATP synthase inhibition against tumor transformation that could open the door to new therapeutic strategies in those cancer types relying on OXPHOS metabolism.
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9
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Gatto C, Grandi M, Solaini G, Baracca A, Giorgio V. The F1Fo-ATPase inhibitor protein IF1 in pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917203. [PMID: 35991181 PMCID: PMC9389554 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous inhibitor of ATP synthase is a protein of about 10 kDa, known as IF1 which binds to the catalytic domain of the enzyme during ATP hydrolysis. The main role of IF1 consists of limiting ATP dissipation under condition of severe oxygen deprivation or in the presence of dysfunctions of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, causing a collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential and therefore ATP hydrolysis. New roles of IF1 are emerging in the fields of cancer and neurodegeneration. Its high expression levels in tumor tissues have been associated with different roles favouring tumor formation, progression and evasion. Since discordant mechanisms of action have been proposed for IF1 in tumors, it is of the utmost importance to clarify them in the prospective of defining novel approaches for cancer therapy. Other IF1 functions, including its involvement in mitophagy, may be protective for neurodegenerative and aging-related diseases. In the present review we aim to clarify and discuss the emerging mechanisms in which IF1 is involved, providing a critical view of the discordant findings in the literature.
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10
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Gore E, Duparc T, Genoux A, Perret B, Najib S, Martinez LO. The Multifaceted ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) in Energy Metabolism Reprogramming and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A New Player in Age-Associated Disorders? Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:370-393. [PMID: 34605675 PMCID: PMC9398489 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, comprising the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, generates membrane potential, drives ATP synthesis, governs energy metabolism, and maintains redox balance. OXPHOS dysfunction is associated with a plethora of diseases ranging from rare inherited disorders to common conditions, including diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as aging. There has been great interest in studying regulators of OXPHOS. Among these, ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is an endogenous inhibitor of ATP synthase that has long been thought to avoid the consumption of cellular ATP when ATP synthase acts as an ATP hydrolysis enzyme. Recent Advances: Recent data indicate that IF1 inhibits ATP synthesis and is involved in a multitude of mitochondrial-related functions, such as mitochondrial quality control, energy metabolism, redox balance, and cell fate. IF1 also inhibits the ATPase activity of cell-surface ATP synthase, and it is used as a cardiovascular disease biomarker. Critical Issues: Although recent data have led to a paradigm shift regarding IF1 functions, these have been poorly studied in entire organisms and in different organs. The understanding of the cellular biology of IF1 is, therefore, still limited. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of IF1 in mitochondrial functions, health, and diseases. Future Directions: Further investigations of IF1 functions at the cell, organ, and whole-organism levels and in different pathophysiological conditions will help decipher the controversies surrounding its involvement in mitochondrial function and could unveil therapeutic strategies in human pathology. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 370-393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Gore
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaut Duparc
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Annelise Genoux
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Perret
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de Biochimie, Pôle de biologie, Hôpital de Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Souad Najib
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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11
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Sgarbi G, Hitrec T, Amici R, Baracca A, Di Cristoforo A, Liuzzi F, Luppi M, Solaini G, Squarcio F, Zamboni G, Cerri M. Mitochondrial respiration in rats during hypothermia resulting from central drug administration. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:349-360. [PMID: 35001173 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to induce a hypothermia resembling that of natural torpor would be greatly beneficial in medical and non-medical fields. At present, two procedures based on central nervous pharmacological manipulation have been shown to be effective in bringing core body temperature well below 30 °C in the rat, a non-hibernator: the first, based on the inhibition of a key relay in the central thermoregulatory pathway, the other, based on the activation of central adenosine A1 receptors. Although the role of mitochondria in the activation and maintenance of torpor has been extensively studied, no data are available for centrally induced hypothermia in non-hibernators. Thus, in the present work the respiration rate of mitochondria in the liver and in the kidney of rats following the aforementioned hypothermia-inducing treatments was studied. Moreover, to have an internal control, the same parameters were assessed in a well-consolidated model, i.e., mice during fasting-induced torpor. Our results show that state 3 respiration rate, which significantly decreased in the liver of mice, was unchanged in rats. An increase of state 4 respiration rate was observed in both species, although it was not statistically significant in rats under central adenosine stimulation. Also, a significant decrease of the respiratory control ratio was detected in both species. Finally, no effects were detected in kidney mitochondria in both species. Overall, in these hypothermic conditions liver mitochondria of rats remained active and apparently ready to be re-activated to produce energy and warm up the cells. These findings can be interpreted as encouraging in view of the finalization of a translational approach to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Amici
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Cristoforo
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Luppi
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Squarcio
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zamboni
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Laboratory of Autonomic and Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Rieger B, Arroum T, Borowski M, Villalta J, Busch KB. Mitochondrial F 1 F O ATP synthase determines the local proton motive force at cristae rims. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52727. [PMID: 34595823 PMCID: PMC8647149 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical view of oxidative phosphorylation is that a proton motive force (PMF) generated by the respiratory chain complexes fuels ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. Yet, under glycolytic conditions, ATP synthase in its reverse mode also can contribute to the PMF. Here, we dissected these two functions of ATP synthase and the role of its inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) under different metabolic conditions. pH profiles of mitochondrial sub-compartments were recorded with high spatial resolution in live mammalian cells by positioning a pH sensor directly at ATP synthase's F1 and FO subunits, complex IV and in the matrix. Our results clearly show that ATP synthase activity substantially controls the PMF and that IF1 is essential under OXPHOS conditions to prevent reverse ATP synthase activity due to an almost negligible ΔpH. In addition, we show how this changes lateral, transmembrane, and radial pH gradients in glycolytic and respiratory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Rieger
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Marie‐Theres Borowski
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Jimmy Villalta
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Molecular Cell BiologySchool of BiologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
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13
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Solaini G, Sgarbi G, Baracca A. The F1Fo-ATPase inhibitor, IF1, is a critical regulator of energy metabolism in cancer cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:815-827. [PMID: 33929490 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, IF1, the endogenous inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATPase (ATP synthase) has assumed greater and ever greater interest since it has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers. At present, several findings indicate that IF1 is capable of playing a central role in cancer cells by promoting metabolic reprogramming, proliferation and resistance to cell death. However, the mechanism(s) at the basis of this pro-oncogenic action of IF1 remains elusive. Here, we recall the main features of the mechanism of the action of IF1 when the ATP synthase works in reverse, and discuss the experimental evidence that support its relevance in cancer cells. In particular, a clear pro-oncogenic action of IF1 is to avoid wasting of ATP when cancer cells are exposed to anoxia or near anoxia conditions, therefore favoring cell survival and tumor growth. However, more recently, various papers have described IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase when it is working physiologically (i.e. synthethizing ATP), and therefore reprogramming cell metabolism to aerobic glycolysis. In contrast, other studies excluded IF1 as an inhibitor of ATP synthase under normoxia, providing the basis for a hot debate. This review focuses on the role of IF1 as a modulator of the ATP synthase in normoxic cancer cells with the awareness that the knowledge of the molecular action of IF1 on the ATP synthase is crucial in unravelling the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the pro-oncogenic role of IF1 in cancer and in developing related anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Insulin Modulates the Bioenergetic and Thermogenic Capacity of Rat Brown Adipocytes In Vivo by Modulating Mitochondrial Mosaicism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239204. [PMID: 33287103 PMCID: PMC7730624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of insulin on the bioenergetic and thermogenic capacity of brown adipocyte mitochondria were investigated by focusing on key mitochondrial proteins. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were treated acutely or chronically with a low or high dose of insulin. Acute low insulin dose increased expression of all electron transport chain complexes and complex IV activity, whereas high dose increased complex II expression. Chronic low insulin dose decreased complex I and cyt c expression while increasing complex II and IV expression and complex IV activity. Chronic high insulin dose decreased complex II, III, cyt c, and increased complex IV expression. Uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 expression was decreased after acute high insulin but increased following chronic insulin treatment. ATP synthase expression was increased after acute and decreased after chronic insulin treatment. Only a high dose of insulin increased ATP synthase activity in acute and decreased it in chronic treatment. ATPase inhibitory factor protein expression was increased in all treated groups. Confocal microscopy showed that key mitochondrial proteins colocalize differently in different mitochondria within a single brown adipocyte, indicating mitochondrial mosaicism. These results suggest that insulin modulates the bioenergetic and thermogenic capacity of rat brown adipocytes in vivo by modulating mitochondrial mosaicism.
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15
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Olanlokun JO, Babarinde CO, Olorunsogo OO. Antimalarial properties and preventive effects on mitochondrial dysfunction by extract and fractions of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. and Thonn) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:255-266. [PMID: 33161386 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Broad spectrum antimalarial drugs without deleterious effects on mitochondria are scarce. It is in this regard that we investigated the potency of methanol extract and solvent fractions of Phyllanthus amarus on chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei, toxicity and its consequential effects on mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening. METHODS Malaria was induced in male Swiss mice with susceptible (NK 65) strain, divided into groups (n=5) and treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of methanol extract, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol fractions daily for seven days. Percentage parasitemia and parasite clearance were determined microscopically. The two most potent fractions were tested on resistant (ANKA) strains. Heme and hemozoin contents were determined spectrophotometrically. The mPT, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) and lipid peroxidation (mLPO) were determined spectrophotometrically. Similar groups of animals were used for toxicity studies. RESULTS Dichloromethane fraction (400 mg/kg) had the highest antimalarial curative effect via least parasitemia (0.49) and high clearance (96.63) compared with the negative control (10.08, 0.00, respectively), had the highest heme and least hemozoin contents (16.23; 0.03) compared with the negative control (8.2, 0.126, respectively). Malaria infection opened the mPT, caused significant increase in mLPO and enhanced mATPase; while dichloromethane fraction reversed these conditions. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea and creatinine of dichloromethane fraction-treated mice decreased relative to control. No significant lesion was noticed in liver and kidney tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS Dichloromethane fraction of Phyllanthus amarus had the highest antimalarial activity with the highest mito-protective effect and it was well tolerated without toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Opeyemi Babarinde
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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16
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Galber C, Acosta MJ, Minervini G, Giorgio V. The role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cancer. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1199-1214. [PMID: 32769215 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is essential for oxidative phosphorylation under physiological conditions. In this review, we analyse the enzyme functions involved in cancer progression by dissecting specific conditions in which ATP synthase contributes to cancer development or metastasis. Moreover, we propose the role of ATP synthase in the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) as an additional mechanism which controls tumour cell death. We further describe transcriptional and translational modifications of the enzyme subunits and of the inhibitor protein IF1 that may promote adaptations leading to cancer metabolism. Finally, we outline ATP synthase gene mutations and epigenetic modifications associated with cancer development or drug resistance, with the aim of highlighting this enzyme complex as a potential novel target for future anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jesus Acosta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, V.le G. Colombo 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121, Padova, Italy
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17
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Vilella R, Sgarbi G, Naponelli V, Savi M, Bocchi L, Liuzzi F, Righetti R, Quaini F, Frati C, Bettuzzi S, Solaini G, Stilli D, Rizzi F, Baracca A. Effects of Standardized Green Tea Extract and Its Main Component, EGCG, on Mitochondrial Function and Contractile Performance of Healthy Rat Cardiomyocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102949. [PMID: 32993022 PMCID: PMC7600665 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that the long-term in vivo administration of green tea catechin extract (GTE) resulted in hyperdynamic cardiomyocyte contractility. The present study investigates the mechanisms underlying GTE action in comparison to its major component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), given at the equivalent amount that would be in the entirety of GTE. Twenty-six male Wistar rats were given 40 mL/day of a tap water solution with either standardized GTE or pure EGCG for 4 weeks. Cardiomyocytes were then isolated for the study. Cellular bioenergetics was found to be significantly improved in both GTE- and EGCG-fed rats compared to that in controls as shown by measuring the maximal mitochondrial respiration rate and the cellular ATP level. Notably, the improvement of mitochondrial function was associated with increased levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, whereas the cellular mitochondrial mass was unchanged. However, only the GTE supplement improved cardiomyocyte mechanics and intracellular calcium dynamics, by lowering the expression of total phospholamban (PLB), which led to an increase of both the phosphorylated-PLB/PLB and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase/PLB ratios. Our findings suggest that GTE might be a valuable adjuvant tool for counteracting the occurrence and/or the progression of cardiomyopathies in which mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of intracellular calcium dynamics constitute early pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Vilella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monia Savi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Riccardo Righetti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0521-033816 (F.R.); +39-051-2091244 (A.B.); Fax: +39-0521-033802 (F.R.); +39-051-2091224 (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0521-033816 (F.R.); +39-051-2091244 (A.B.); Fax: +39-0521-033802 (F.R.); +39-051-2091224 (A.B.)
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Costanzini A, Sgarbi G, Maresca A, Del Dotto V, Solaini G, Baracca A. Mitochondrial Mass Assessment in a Selected Cell Line under Different Metabolic Conditions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111454. [PMID: 31752092 PMCID: PMC6912592 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of quantity and/or morphology of cell mitochondria are often associated with metabolic modulation, pathology, and apoptosis. Exogenous fluorescent probes used to investigate changes in mitochondrial content and dynamics are strongly dependent, for their internalization, on the mitochondrial membrane potential and composition, thus limiting the reliability of measurements. To overcome this limitation, genetically encoded recombinant fluorescent proteins, targeted to different cellular districts, were used as reporters. Here, we explored the potential use of mitochondrially targeted red fluorescent probe (mtRFP) to quantify, by flow cytometry, mitochondrial mass changes in cells exposed to different experimental conditions. We first demonstrated that the mtRFP fluorescence intensity is stable during cell culture and it is related with the citrate synthase activity, an established marker of the mitochondrial mass. Incidentally, the expression of mtRFP inside mitochondria did not alter the oxygen consumption rate under both state 3 and 4 respiration conditions. In addition, using this method, we showed for the first time that different inducers of mitochondrial mass change, such as hypoxia exposure or resveratrol treatment of cells, could be consistently detected. We suggest that transfection and selection of stable clones expressing mtRFP is a reliable method to monitor mitochondrial mass changes, particularly when pathophysiological or experimental conditions change ΔΨm, as it occurs during mitochondrial uncoupling or hypoxia/anoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Costanzini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (G.S.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Maresca
- UOC Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Del Dotto
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-051-2091215 (G.S.); Tel.: +39-051-2091244 (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-051-2091215 (G.S.); Tel.: +39-051-2091244 (A.B.)
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Sgarbi G, Liuzzi F, Baracca A, Solaini G. Resveratrol preserves mitochondrial function in a human post-mitotic cell model. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:9-17. [PMID: 30216747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctions caused by genetic defects in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of humans are called mitochondrial diseases; however, mtDNA mutations are also associated with aging and age-related diseases. Here, we present an original cellular model that allows gathering information on molecules that might contrast or prevent mitochondrial dysfunctions and their related diseases. This model allowed us to show that resveratrol (RSV), a phytochemical present in food, exerts protective effects at low concentrations on resting human fibroblasts carrying dysfunctional respiratory chain Complex I. Cells were maintained both in resting condition, to mimic the high energy demanding post-mitotic tissues (serum absence and gramicidin presence), and under glucose deficiency to push the synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Pre-incubation with RSV prolonged the viability of the fibroblasts exposed to rotenone, a well-known specific inhibitor of the respiratory chain Complex I, and decreased mitochondrial fragmentation. It significantly prevented the oxidative phosphorylation impairment indirectly caused by the rotenone-mediated Complex I inhibition, allowing for an almost complete preservation of the cellular ATP level. Indeed, RSV limited the rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species increase, allowing for the maintenance of a functional mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings indicate the potential usage of resveratrol to prevent or possibly treat many disorders, in which the bioenergetic defects and oxidative stress are the primary (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy), or the secondary (age-related diseases) causes of the pathology; and to also assist cell senescence during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Sgarbi G, Gorini G, Liuzzi F, Solaini G, Baracca A. Hypoxia and IF₁ Expression Promote ROS Decrease in Cancer Cells. Cells 2018; 7:E64. [PMID: 29933600 PMCID: PMC6071258 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the metabolic reprogramming of cells adapted to hypoxia and the interplay between ROS and hypoxia in malignancy is under debate. Here, we examined how ROS levels are modulated by hypoxia in human cancer compared to untransformed cells. Short time exposure (20 min) of either fibroblasts or 143B osteosarcoma cells to low oxygen tension down to 0.5% induced a significant decrease of the cellular ROS level, as detected by the CellROX fluorescent probe (−70%). Prolonging the cells’ exposure to hypoxia for 24 h, ROS decreased further, reaching nearly 20% of the normoxic value. In this regard, due to the debated role of the endogenous inhibitor protein (IF₁) of the ATP synthase complex in cancer cell bioenergetics, we investigated whether IF₁ is involved in the control of ROS generation under severe hypoxic conditions. A significant ROS content decrease was observed in hypoxia in both IF₁-expressing and IF₁- silenced cells compared to normoxia. However, IF₁-silenced cells showed higher ROS levels compared to IF1-containing cells. In addition, the MitoSOX Red-measured superoxide level of all the hypoxic cells was significantly lower compared to normoxia; however, the decrease was milder than the marked drop of ROS content. Accordingly, the difference between IF₁-expressing and IF₁-silenced cells was smaller but significant in both normoxia and hypoxia. In conclusion, the interplay between ROS and hypoxia and its modulation by IF₁ have to be taken into account to develop therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gorini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy.
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
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21
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Martín-Jiménez R, Faccenda D, Allen E, Reichel HB, Arcos L, Ferraina C, Strobbe D, Russell C, Campanella M. Reduction of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF 1) leads to visual impairment in vertebrates. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:669. [PMID: 29867190 PMCID: PMC5986772 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, mitochondria are tightly preserved energy producing organelles, which sustain nervous system development and function. The understanding of proteins that regulate their homoeostasis in complex animals is therefore critical and doing so via means of systemic analysis pivotal to inform pathophysiological conditions associated with mitochondrial deficiency. With the goal to decipher the role of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) in brain development, we employed the zebrafish as elected model reporting that the Atpif1a-/- zebrafish mutant, pinotage (pnt tq209 ), which lacks one of the two IF1 paralogous, exhibits visual impairment alongside increased apoptotic bodies and neuroinflammation in both brain and retina. This associates with increased processing of the dynamin-like GTPase optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), whose ablation is a direct cause of inherited optic atrophy. Defects in vision associated with the processing of OPA1 are specular in Atpif1-/- mice thus confirming a regulatory axis, which interlinks IF1 and OPA1 in the definition of mitochondrial fitness and specialised brain functions. This study unveils a functional relay between IF1 and OPA1 in central nervous system besides representing an example of how the zebrafish model could be harnessed to infer the activity of mitochondrial proteins during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín-Jiménez
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Allen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Beatrice Reichel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Arcos
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00144, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS- Regina Elena, National Cancer Institute, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Strobbe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Claire Russell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU, London, United Kingdom.
- IRCCS- Regina Elena, National Cancer Institute, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, WC1 6BT, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Pecina P, Nůsková H, Karbanová V, Kaplanová V, Mráček T, Houštěk J. Role of the mitochondrial ATP synthase central stalk subunits γ and δ in the activity and assembly of the mammalian enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:374-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Kahancová A, Sklenář F, Ježek P, Dlasková A. Regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1). FEBS Lett 2018; 592:999-1009. [PMID: 29380352 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATPase Inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is an endogenous regulator of mitochondrial ATP synthase, which is involved in cellular metabolism. Although great progress has been made, biological roles of IF1 and molecular mechanisms of its action are still to be elucidated. Here, we show that IF1 is present in pancreatic β-cells, bound to the ATP synthase also under normal physiological conditions. IF1 silencing in model pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E) increases insulin secretion over a range of glucose concentrations. The left-shifted dose-response curve reveals excessive insulin secretion even under low glucose, corresponding to fasting conditions. A parallel increase in cellular respiration and ATP levels is observed. To conclude, our results indicate that IF1 is a negative regulator of insulin secretion involved in pancreatic β-cell glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Kahancová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Sklenář
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Sgarbi G, Barbato S, Costanzini A, Solaini G, Baracca A. The role of the ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (IF 1) in cancer cells adaptation to hypoxia and anoxia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:99-109. [PMID: 29097244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Indeed, the enzyme can reverse its activity and hydrolyze ATP under ischemic conditions, as shown in isolated mitochondria and in mammalian heart and liver. However, what occurs when cancer cells experience hypoxia or anoxia has not been well explored. In the present study, we investigated the bioenergetics of cancer cells under hypoxic/anoxic conditions with particular emphasis on ATP synthase, and the conditions driving it to work in reverse. In this context, we further examined the role exerted by its endogenous inhibitor factor, IF1, that it is overexpressed in cancer cells. Metabolic and bioenergetic analysis of cancer cells exposed to severe hypoxia (down to 0.1% O2) unexpectedly showed that Δψm is preserved independently of the presence of IF1 and that ATP synthase still phosphorylates ADP though at a much lower rate than in normoxia. However, when we induced an anoxia-mimicking condition by collapsing ΔμΗ+ with the FCCP uncoupler, the IF1-silenced clones only reversed the ATP synthase activity hydrolyzing ATP in order to reconstitute the electrochemical proton gradient. Notably, in cancer cells IF1 overexpression fully prevents ATP synthase hydrolytic activity activation under uncoupling conditions. Therefore, our results suggest that IF1 overexpression promotes cancer cells survival under temporary anoxic conditions by preserving cellular ATP despite mitochondria dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Barbato
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Costanzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - A Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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25
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Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Villanueva-Chimal E, Salinas LS, José-Nuñez C, Tuena de Gómez Puyou M, Navarro RE. Caenorhabditis elegans ATPase inhibitor factor 1 (IF1) MAI-2 preserves the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and is important to induce germ cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181984. [PMID: 28829773 PMCID: PMC5568743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When the electrochemical proton gradient is disrupted in the mitochondria, IF1 (Inhibitor Factor-1) inhibits the reverse hydrolytic activity of the F1Fo-ATP synthase, thereby allowing cells to conserve ATP at the expense of losing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). The function of IF1 has been studied mainly in different cell lines, but these studies have generated contrasting results, which have not been helpful to understand the real role of this protein in a whole organism. In this work, we studied IF1 function in Caenorhabditis elegans to understand IF1´s role in vivo. C. elegans has two inhibitor proteins of the F1Fo-ATPase, MAI-1 and MAI-2. To determine their protein localization in C. elegans, we generated translational reporters and found that MAI-2 is expressed ubiquitously in the mitochondria; conversely, MAI-1 was found in the cytoplasm and nuclei of certain tissues. By CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated mai-2 mutant alleles. Here, we showed that mai-2 mutant animals have normal progeny, embryonic development and lifespan. Contrasting with the results previously obtained in cell lines, we found no evident defects in the mitochondrial network, dimer/monomer ATP synthase ratio, ATP concentration or respiration. Our results suggest that some of the roles previously attributed to IF1 in cell lines could not reflect the function of this protein in a whole organism and could be attributed to specific cell lines or methods used to silence, knockout or overexpress this protein. However, we did observe that animals lacking IF1 had an enhanced Δψm and lower physiological germ cell apoptosis. Importantly, we found that mai-2 mutant animals must be under stress to observe the role of IF1. Accordingly, we observed that mai-2 mutant animals were more sensitive to heat shock, oxidative stress and electron transport chain blockade. Furthermore, we observed that IF1 is important to induce germ cell apoptosis under certain types of stress. Here, we propose that MAI-2 might play a role in apoptosis by regulating Δψm. Additionally, we suggest that IF1 function is mainly observed under stress and that, under physiological conditions, this protein does not play an essential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Fernández-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E. Villanueva-Chimal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L. S. Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C. José-Nuñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M. Tuena de Gómez Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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26
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Sgarbi G, Gorini G, Costanzini A, Barbato S, Solaini G, Baracca A. Hypoxia decreases ROS level in human fibroblasts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:133-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Hardonnière K, Fernier M, Gallais I, Mograbi B, Podechard N, Le Ferrec E, Grova N, Appenzeller B, Burel A, Chevanne M, Sergent O, Huc L, Bortoli S, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Role for the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 in the environmental carcinogen-induced Warburg phenotype. Sci Rep 2017; 7:195. [PMID: 28298645 PMCID: PMC5428028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tumors undergo metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, the so-called Warburg effect, to support growth and survival. Overexpression of IF1, the physiological inhibitor of the F0F1ATPase, has been related to this phenomenon and appears to be a relevant marker in cancer. Environmental contributions to cancer development are now widely accepted but little is known about the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Among the environmental pollutants humans are commonly exposed to, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the prototype molecule of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a well-known human carcinogen. Besides apoptotic signals, B[a]P can also induce survival signals in liver cells, both likely involved in cancer promotion. Our previous works showed that B[a]P elicited a Warburg-like effect, thus favoring cell survival. The present study aimed at further elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the B[a]P-induced metabolic reprogramming, by testing the possible involvement of IF1. We presently demonstrate, both in vitro and in vivo, that PAHs, especially B[a]P, strongly increase IF1 expression. Such an increase, which might rely on β2-adrenergic receptor activation, notably participates to the B[a]P-induced glycolytic shift and cell survival in liver cells. By identifying IF1 as a target of PAHs, this study provides new insights about how environmental factors may contribute to related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Hardonnière
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Morgane Fernier
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM U1081, CNRS UMR7284, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Brice Appenzeller
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Agnès Burel
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France
| | | | - Sylvie Bortoli
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saint-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France.
- Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 35043, Rennes Cédex, France.
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28
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Faccenda D, Nakamura J, Gorini G, Dhoot GK, Piacentini M, Yoshida M, Campanella M. Control of Mitochondrial Remodeling by the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 Unveils a Pro-survival Relay via OPA1. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1869-1883. [PMID: 28228254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is a mitochondrial protein that blocks the reversal of the F1Fo-ATPsynthase, preventing dissipation of cellular ATP and ischemic damage. IF1 suppresses programmed cell death, enhancing tumor invasion and chemoresistance, and is expressed in various types of human cancers. In this study, we examined its effect on mitochondrial redox balance and apoptotic cristae remodeling, finding that, by maintaining ATP levels, IF1 reduces glutathione (GSH) consumption and inactivation of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) during apoptosis. This correlates with inhibition of metallopeptidase OMA1-mediated processing of the pro-fusion dynamin-related protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Stabilization of OPA1 impedes cristae remodeling and completion of apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that IF1 acts on both mitochondrial bioenergetics and structure, is involved in mitochondrial signaling in tumor cells, and may underlie their proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Junji Nakamura
- Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Giulia Gorini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK
| | - Gurtej K Dhoot
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani," Rome, Italy
| | - Masusuke Yoshida
- Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU London, UK; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy.
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29
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Iommarini L, Ghelli A, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Mitochondrial metabolism and energy sensing in tumor progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:582-590. [PMID: 28213331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is pivotal for cell fate since metabolic regulation, cell proliferation and death are strongly dependent on the balance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. In particular, metabolic and energetic changes have been observed in cancer cells even before the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, but have been neglected for a long time. Instead, during the past 20years a renaissance of the study of tumor metabolism has led to a revised and more accurate sight of the metabolic landscape of cancer cells. In this scenario, genetic, biochemical and clinical evidences place mitochondria as key actors in cancer metabolic restructuring, not only because there are energy and biosynthetic intermediates manufacturers, but also because occurrence of mutations in metabolic enzymes encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA has been associated to different types of cancer. Here we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms modulating mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis in the intriguing scenario of neoplastic cells, focusing on the double-edged role of 5'-AMP activated protein kinase in cancer metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Iommarini
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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30
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Mediani L, Gibellini F, Bertacchini J, Frasson C, Bosco R, Accordi B, Basso G, Bonora M, Calabrò ML, Mattiolo A, Sgarbi G, Baracca A, Pinton P, Riva G, Rampazzo E, Petrizza L, Prodi L, Milani D, Luppi M, Potenza L, De Pol A, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Reversal of the glycolytic phenotype of primary effusion lymphoma cells by combined targeting of cellular metabolism and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5521-37. [PMID: 26575168 PMCID: PMC4868703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PEL is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, occurring predominantly as a lymphomatous effusion in body cavities, characterized by aggressive clinical course, with no standard therapy. Based on previous reports that PEL cells display a Warburg phenotype, we hypothesized that the highly hypoxic environment in which they grow in vivo makes them more reliant on glycolysis, and more vulnerable to drugs targeting this pathway. We established here that indeed PEL cells in hypoxia are more sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. Furthermore, since PI3K/Akt/mTOR has been proposed as a drug target in PEL, we ascertained that pathway-specific inhibitors, namely the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, and the Akt inhibitor, Akti 1/2, display improved cytotoxicity to PEL cells in hypoxic conditions. Unexpectedly, we found that these drugs reduce lactate production/extracellular acidification rate, and, in combination with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), they shift PEL cells metabolism from aerobic glycolysis towards oxidative respiration. Moreover, the associations possess strong synergistic cytotoxicity towards PEL cells, and thus may reduce adverse reaction in vivo, while displaying very low toxicity to normal lymphocytes. Finally, we showed that the association of 2-DG and PF-04691502 maintains its cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect also in PEL cells co-cultured with human primary mesothelial cells, a condition known to mimic the in vivo environment and to exert a protective and pro-survival action. All together, these results provide a compelling rationale for the clinical development of new therapies for the treatment of PEL, based on combined targeting of glycolytic metabolism and constitutively activated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mediani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Petrizza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Chen C, Liang H, Liao X, Pan J, Chen J, Zhao S, Xu Y, Wu Y, Ni J. A humanized chimeric antibody Hai178 targeted to the β subunit of F1F0 ATP synthase. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5423-1. [PMID: 27704358 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor vasculature is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Angiostatin could suppress tumor growth and metastasis by binding and inhibiting F1F0 ATP synthase on the endothelial cell surface. We previously screened a monoclonal antibody (McAb, McAb178-5G10), which specifically bound to ATPase on the surface of cells and showed an angiostatin-like activity. Here, we further generated a panel of CHO-mAb subclone stable expressing a humanized chimeric antibody from hybridoma cell McAb178-5G10 by gene engineer. And then, we successfully expressed the humanized antibody Hai178 at high level in a 5-L wave bioreactor. The vitro results showed that Hai178 retained the specific binding and antitumor activity of murine antibody. Furthermore, Hai178 also had a tumor therapeutic effect in tumor xenografts. These results paved the way for Hai178 as a therapeutic antibody in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xinmei Liao
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhe Chen
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Shibi Zhao
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Human Antibodomics Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
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Destabilization of mitochondrial functions as a target against breast cancer progression: Role of TPP(+)-linked-polyhydroxybenzoates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:2-14. [PMID: 27554043 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion is an accepted molecular target in cancer treatment since it exhibits a higher transmembrane potential in cancer cells, making it susceptible to be targeted by lipophilic-delocalized cations of triphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)). Thus, we evaluated five TPP(+)-linked decyl polyhydroxybenzoates as potential cytotoxic agents in several human breast cancer cell lines that differ in estrogen receptor and HER2/neu expression, and in metabolic profile. Results showed that all cell lines tested were sensitive to the cytotoxic action of these compounds. The mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity would be triggered by their weak uncoupling effect on the oxidative phosphorylation system, while having a wider and safer therapeutic range than other uncouplers and a significant lowering in transmembrane potential. Noteworthy, while the TPP(+)-derivatives alone led to almost negligible losses of ATP, when these were added in the presence of an AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor, the levels of ATP fell greatly. Overall, data presented suggest that decyl polyhydroxybenzoates-TPP(+) and its derivatives warrant future investigation as potential anti-tumor agents.
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García-Bermúdez J, Cuezva JM. The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1): A master regulator of energy metabolism and of cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1167-1182. [PMID: 26876430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we summarize most of the findings reported for the molecular and cellular biology of the physiological inhibitor of the mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase, the engine of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and gate of cell death. We first describe the structure and major mechanisms and molecules that regulate the activity of the ATP synthase placing the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) as a major determinant in the regulation of the activity of the ATP synthase and hence of OXPHOS. Next, we summarize the post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the expression of IF1 and emphasize, in addition to the regulation afforded by the protonation state of histidine residues, that the activity of IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase is also regulated by phosphorylation of a serine residue. Phosphorylation of S39 in IF1 by the action of a mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase A hampers its interaction with the ATP synthase, i.e., only dephosphorylated IF1 interacts with the enzyme. Upon IF1 interaction with the ATP synthase both the synthetic and hydrolytic activities of the engine of OXPHOS are inhibited. These findings are further placed into the physiological context to stress the emerging roles played by IF1 in metabolic reprogramming in cancer, in hypoxia and in cellular differentiation. We review also the implication of IF1 in other cellular situations that involve the malfunctioning of mitochondria. Special emphasis is given to the role of IF1 as driver of the generation of a reactive oxygen species signal that, emanating from mitochondria, is able to reprogram the nucleus of the cell to confer by various signaling pathways a cell-death resistant phenotype against oxidative stress. Overall, our intention is to highlight the urgent need of further investigations in the molecular and cellular biology of IF1 and of its target, the ATP synthase, to unveil new therapeutic strategies in human pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Gao YX, Chen L, Hu XG, Wu HB, Cui YH, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu XD, Bian XW. ATPase inhibitory factor 1 expression is an independent prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1141-1148. [PMID: 27294006 PMCID: PMC4889727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial H(+)-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, is putatively involved in tumor progression. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of IF1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prognostic value for the patients. IF1 protein expression levels were detected in 149 cases of NSCLC by using immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that NSCLC patients with high expression of IF1 possessed poorer outcome than those with low expression of IF1 (P=0.007). Moreover, IF1 was also prognostic in the patients with early stages (stage I/II) (P=0.042) and low grade (grade I/II) (P=0.002). Multivariable Cox-regression analysis showed that high expression of IF1 (HR=1.67, P=0.034), tumor size (HR=1.79, P=0.001), and lymph node metastasis (HR=2.66, P=0.000) were independent indicators for NSCLC patients. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that elevated expression of IF1 may associated with lymph node metastasis of NSCLC and served as an independent prognostic and recurrent indicator for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xing Gao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xu-Gang Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin-Dong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China
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Bernardi P, Di Lisa F, Fogolari F, Lippe G. From ATP to PTP and Back: A Dual Function for the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase. Circ Res 2015; 116:1850-62. [PMID: 25999424 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria not only play a fundamental role in heart physiology but are also key effectors of dysfunction and death. This dual role assumes a new meaning after recent advances on the nature and regulation of the permeability transition pore, an inner membrane channel whose opening requires matrix Ca(2+) and is modulated by many effectors including reactive oxygen species, matrix cyclophilin D, Pi (inorganic phosphate), and matrix pH. The recent demonstration that the F-ATP synthase can reversibly undergo a Ca(2+)-dependent transition to form a channel that mediates the permeability transition opens new perspectives to the field. These findings demand a reassessment of the modifications of F-ATP synthase that take place in the heart under pathological conditions and of their potential role in determining the transition of F-ATP synthase from and energy-conserving into an energy-dissipating device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Fogolari
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy (P.B., F.D.L.); and Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (F.F) and Department of Food Science (G.L.), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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