1
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Gentile RD. Ultrasonic Deep-Plane Neck Lift. Facial Plast Surg 2023. [PMID: 38122804 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic deep-plane neck lift is a new approach for addressing both the subsuperficial musculoaponeurotic system and subplatysmal soft tissues during facial rejuvenation procedures. This innovative surgical approach utilizes 2.2, 2.9, and 3.7 stainless steel probes that are powered by high-frequency ultrasound. Using high-frequency ultrasound in the subcutaneous spaces has been accomplished for the past 20 years with a very suitable safety profile. In this technique, emulsification of the fat layer in both the superficial and deep planes is accomplished with tumescence of the soft tissues in the same fashion as subcutaneous liposuction. In ultrasonic deep-plane neck lift, the superficial and deep layers of fat are targeted for emulsification, and this creates a loosening of these spaces for lifting and repositioning. The procedure facilitates more accurate surgery, because the tissue effects include hemostasis and scalpel- and scissor-free undermining due to the emulsification of the fat layers of the face and neck. The other advantages of ultrasound-assisted facial contouring and rejuvenation include treatment of hard-to-treat areas like the perioral region and distal neck, which can be rapidly and safely undermined utilizing this technology. The third component of ultrasound- and energy-based facial rejuvenation surgery is the long-term remodeling and tightening that occurs beginning approximately 8 weeks after the procedure. When many conventional facelifts are beginning to fall at 3 to 4 months postoperatively, the energy-based facelifts are still tightening and this remodeling continues for up to a year after the procedure. Combining technology with conventional facelift procedures is a new approach to facial rejuvenation and is the result of 15 years of research and cooperation with the aesthetic device industry. The result of this merger of technology with conventional surgery is TESLA Facelifting, the facelift of the future.
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2
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Palam LR, Ramdas B, Pickerell K, Pasupuleti SK, Kanumuri R, Cesarano A, Szymanski M, Selman B, Dave UP, Sandusky G, Perna F, Paczesny S, Kapur R. Loss of Dnmt3a impairs hematopoietic homeostasis and myeloid cell skewing via the PI3Kinase pathway. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163864. [PMID: 36976647 PMCID: PMC10243813 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) are seen in a large number of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal cytogenetics and are frequently associated with poor prognosis. DNMT3A mutations are an early preleukemic event, which - when combined with other genetic lesions - result in full-blown leukemia. Here, we show that loss of Dnmt3a in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) results in myeloproliferation, which is associated with hyperactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. PI3Kα/β or the PI3Kα/δ inhibitor treatment partially corrects myeloproliferation, although the partial rescue is more efficient in response to the PI3Kα/β inhibitor treatment. In vivo RNA-Seq analysis on drug-treated Dnmt3a-/- HSC/Ps showed a reduction in the expression of genes associated with chemokines, inflammation, cell attachment, and extracellular matrix compared with controls. Remarkably, drug-treated leukemic mice showed a reversal in the enhanced fetal liver HSC-like gene signature observed in vehicle-treated Dnmt3a-/- LSK cells as well as a reduction in the expression of genes involved in regulating actin cytoskeleton-based functions, including the RHO/RAC GTPases. In a human PDX model bearing DNMT3A mutant AML, PI3Kα/β inhibitor treatment prolonged their survival and rescued the leukemic burden. Our results identify a potentially new target for treating DNMT3A mutation-driven myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Katelyn Pickerell
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | | | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | | | | | - Bryce Selman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Utpal P. Dave
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestown, South Carolina, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research
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3
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Gentile R. Tesla Facelifting Using Energy Devices during Rhytidectomy. Facial Plast Surg 2022; 38:668-678. [PMID: 36563675 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tesla facelifting is the process of utilizing energy devices as surgical tools during rhytidectomy and neck lifting. Devices used for Tesla face and neck lifting include fiber lasers, radio frequency devices, high-frequency ultrasound, and plasma energy devices. Advantage of Tesla face and neck lifting include better visualization for surgical intervention due to reduced bleeding, better access to hard to access facial and neck locations, and long-term skin tightening from the subdermal energy treatment.
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4
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Gao J, Gao A, Liu W, Chen L. Golgi stress response: A regulatory mechanism of Golgi function. Biofactors 2021; 47:964-974. [PMID: 34500494 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The organelle of eukaryotes is a finely regulated system. Once disturbed, it activates the specific autoregulatory systems, namely, organelle autoregulation. Among which, the Golgi stress response accounts for one. When the abundance and capacity of the Golgi apparatus are insufficient compared with cellular demand, the Golgi stress response is activated to enhance the function of the Golgi apparatus. Although the molecular mechanism of the Golgi stress response has not been well characterized yet, it seems to be an important part of the mammalian stress response. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on the six pathways of the mammalian Golgi stress response (the TFE3, heat shock protein 47, CREB3, E26 transformation specific, proteoglycan, and mucin pathways), which regulate the general function of the Golgi apparatus, anti-apoptosis, pro-apoptosis, proteoglycan glycosylation, and mucin glycosylation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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5
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Okuno D, Sakamoto N, Tagod MSO, Akiyama Y, Moriyama S, Miyamura T, Hara A, Kido T, Ishimoto H, Ishimatsu Y, Tanaka T, Ishihara J, Takeda K, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Heat Shock Protein 47 Involved in the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2515-2523. [PMID: 33890415 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is causally related to fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The identification of Compounds that interfere with the HSP47-collagen interaction is essential for the development of relevant therapeutics. Herein, we prepared human HSP47 as a soluble fusion protein expressed in E. coli and established an assay system for HSP47 inhibitor screening. We screened a natural and synthetic Compound library established at Nagasaki University. Among 1023 Compounds, 13 exhibited inhibitory activity against human HSP47, of which three inhibited its function in a dose-dependent manner. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, one of these three Compounds, is a typical polyphenol Compound derived from tea leaves. Structurally related Compounds were synthesized and examined for their activity, revealing a hydroxyl group at A-ring position 5 as important for its activity. The present findings provide valuable insight for the development of natural product-derived therapeutics for fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Mohammed S O Tagod
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Akiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Sakiko Moriyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takuto Miyamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishimatsu
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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6
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Gentile RD. Ultrasound-Assisted Rhytidectomy Including Sub-SMAS and Subplatysmal Dissection. Facial Plast Surg 2020; 36:430-446. [PMID: 32866980 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-based facelifting techniques are a relatively new genre of surgery. In this approach, the energy-based device-whether laser, radiofrequency plasma, or ultrasound-can be used in the superficial plane to elevate skin flaps before performing more traditional facelift techniques involving the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) or platysma. The initial reports of utilizing fiber lasers as surgical tools date back to approximately 2007 and initial lipolasers were used to elevate facial skin flaps. The other energy-based devices were also tested. The author has probably the largest series of energy-based facial rejuvenation procedures, having performed over 3,000 of these procedures. The advantages of laser-assisted rhytidectomy include hemostasis, facilitated dissection in areas hard to elevate conventionally such as nasolabial folds or distal neck and the remodeling and tightening of tissue that results from the activation of the wound healing cascade of neocollagenesis and wound contraction. The author currently has a preference for energy device used during rhytidectomy and it is a high frequency ultrasound energy delivered by a five-ring 2.9- and 3.7-mm probe. The use of the ultrasound dissector in both superficial and deep procedures is highlighted in this article with emphasis on its use for deep cervicoplasty and subplatysmal procedures as well as sub-SMAS elevations of the facial deep plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Gentile
- Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Gentile Facial Plastic and Aesthetic Laser Center, Youngstown, Ohio
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7
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Köhler A, Mörgelin M, Gebauer JM, Öcal S, Imhof T, Koch M, Nagata K, Paulsson M, Aumailley M, Baumann U, Zaucke F, Sengle G. New specific HSP47 functions in collagen subfamily chaperoning. FASEB J 2020; 34:12040-12052. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000570r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Köhler
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden
- Colzyx AB Lund Sweden
| | - Jan M. Gebauer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Sinan Öcal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Medical Faculty Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Medical Faculty Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Institute for Protein Dynamics Kyoto Sangyo University Kyoto Japan
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB) Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Cologne Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis Orthopedic University Hospital, Friedrichsheim gGmbh Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Biochemistry University of Cologne Cologne Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB) Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Cologne Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Faculty of Medicine University Hospital CologneUniversity of Cologne Cologne Germany
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8
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Gentile RD. Laser-Assisted Facelifting and Energy-Based Rejuvenation Techniques During Rhytidectomy. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2020; 28:379-396. [PMID: 32503720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of energy-based devices as surgical tools during rhytidectomy was introduced in early 2007 to 2008 and occurred when the first fiber laser was approved for laser lipolysis. It became evident that the fiber laser-assisted rhytidectomy could offer several advantages compared with conventional rhytidectomy. The use of energy devices now includes temperature-controlled radiofrequency and helium plasma devices. Energy devices continue to offer advantages compared with knife and scissor approaches: improved hemostasis; an ability to dissect into areas without full flap elevation; and the shrink-wrap late effects of collagen remodeling after energy-based treatment, which improves the results of rhytidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Gentile
- Gentile Facial Plastic & Aesthetic Laser Center, Facial Plastic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Akron General Hospital, Akron, OH, USA.
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9
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Farndale RW. Collagen-binding proteins: insights from the Collagen Toolkits. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:337-348. [PMID: 31266822 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Collagen Toolkits are libraries of 56 and 57 triple-helical synthetic peptides spanning the length of the collagen II and collagen III helices. These have been used in solid-phase binding assays to locate sites where collagen receptors and extracellular matrix components bind to collagens. Truncation and substitution allowed exact binding sites to be identified, and corresponding minimal peptides to be synthesised for use in structural and functional studies. 170 sites where over 30 proteins bind to collagen II have been mapped, providing firm conclusions about the amino acid distribution within such binding sites. Protein binding to collagen II is not random, but displays a periodicity of approximately 28 nm, with several prominent nodes where multiple proteins bind. Notably, the vicinity of the collagenase-cleavage site in Toolkit peptide II-44 is highly promiscuous, binding over 20 different proteins. This may reflect either the diverse chemistry of that locus or its diverse function, together with the interplay between regulatory binding partners. Peptides derived from Toolkit studies have been used to determine atomic level resolution of interactions between collagen and several of its binding partners and are finding practical application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, U.K.
- CambCol Laboratories, PO Box 727, Station Rd, Wilburton Ely, CB7 9RP, U.K
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10
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Besio R, Chow CW, Tonelli F, Marini JC, Forlino A. Bone biology: insights from osteogenesis imperfecta and related rare fragility syndromes. FEBS J 2019; 286:3033-3056. [PMID: 31220415 PMCID: PMC7384889 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The limited accessibility of bone and its mineralized nature have restricted deep investigation of its biology. Recent breakthroughs in identification of mutant proteins affecting bone tissue homeostasis in rare skeletal diseases have revealed novel pathways involved in skeletal development and maintenance. The characterization of new dominant, recessive and X-linked forms of the rare brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and other OI-related bone fragility disorders was a key player in this advance. The development of in vitro models for these diseases along with the generation and characterization of murine and zebrafish models contributed to dissecting previously unknown pathways. Here, we describe the most recent advances in the understanding of processes involved in abnormal bone mineralization, collagen processing and osteoblast function, as illustrated by the characterization of new causative genes for OI and OI-related fragility syndromes. The coordinated role of the integral membrane protein BRIL and of the secreted protein PEDF in modulating bone mineralization as well as the function and cross-talk of the collagen-specific chaperones HSP47 and FKBP65 in collagen processing and secretion are discussed. We address the significance of WNT ligand, the importance of maintaining endoplasmic reticulum membrane potential and of regulating intramembrane proteolysis in osteoblast homeostasis. Moreover, we also examine the relevance of the cytoskeletal protein plastin-3 and of the nucleotidyltransferase FAM46A. Thanks to these advances, new targets for the development of novel therapies for currently incurable rare bone diseases have been and, likely, will be identified, supporting the important role of basic science for translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chi-Wing Chow
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joan C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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McCaughey J, Stevenson NL, Cross S, Stephens DJ. ER-to-Golgi trafficking of procollagen in the absence of large carriers. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:929-948. [PMID: 30587510 PMCID: PMC6400576 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of procollagen is essential for normal cell function. Here, imaging of GFP-tagged type I procollagen reveals that it is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, without the use of large carriers. Secretion and assembly of collagen are fundamental to the function of the extracellular matrix. Defects in the assembly of a collagen matrix lead to pathologies including fibrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Owing to the size of fibril-forming procollagen molecules it is assumed that they are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in specialized large COPII-dependent carriers. Here, analyzing endogenous procollagen and a new engineered GFP-tagged form, we show that transport to the Golgi occurs in the absence of large (>350 nm) carriers. Large GFP-positive structures were observed occasionally, but these were nondynamic, are not COPII positive, and are labeled with markers of the ER. We propose a short-loop model of COPII-dependent ER-to-Golgi traffic that, while consistent with models of ERGIC-dependent expansion of COPII carriers, does not invoke long-range trafficking of large vesicular structures. Our findings provide an important insight into the process of procollagen trafficking and reveal a short-loop pathway from the ER to the Golgi, without the use of large carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine McCaughey
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Gorur A, Yuan L, Kenny SJ, Baba S, Xu K, Schekman R. COPII-coated membranes function as transport carriers of intracellular procollagen I. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1745-1759. [PMID: 28428367 PMCID: PMC5461032 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The coat protein complex II (COPII) is essential for the transport of large cargo, such as 300-nm procollagen I (PC1) molecules, from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. Previous work has shown that the CUL3-KLHL12 complex increases the size of COPII vesicles at ER exit sites to more than 300 nm in diameter and accelerates the secretion of PC1. However, the role of large COPII vesicles as PC1 transport carriers was not unambiguously demonstrated. In this study, using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, correlated light electron microscopy, and live-cell imaging, we demonstrate the existence of mobile COPII-coated vesicles that completely encapsulate the cargo PC1 and are physically separated from ER. We also developed a cell-free COPII vesicle budding reaction that reconstitutes the capture of PC1 into large COPII vesicles. This process requires COPII proteins and the GTPase activity of the COPII subunit SAR1. We conclude that large COPII vesicles are bona fide carriers of PC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Gorur
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Samuel J Kenny
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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13
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Ito S, Nagata K. Biology of Hsp47 (Serpin H1), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:142-151. [PMID: 27838364 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hsp47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is indispensable for molecular maturation of collagen. Hsp47, which is encoded by the SERPINH1 gene, belongs to the serpin family and has the serpin fold; however, it has no serine protease inhibitory activity. Hsp47 transiently binds to procollagen in the ER, dissociates in the cis-Golgi or ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in a pH-dependent manner, and is then transported back to the ER via its RDEL retention sequence. Hsp47 recognizes collagenous (Gly-Xaa-Arg) repeats on triple-helical procollagen and can prevent local unfolding and/or aggregate formation of procollagen. Gene disruption of Hsp47 in mice causes embryonic lethality due to impairments in basement membrane and collagen fibril formation. In Hsp47-knockout cells, the type I collagen triple helix forms abnormally, resulting in thin and frequently branched fibrils. Secretion of type I collagens is slow and plausible in making aggregates of procollagens in the ER of hsp47-knocked out fibroblasts, which are ultimately degraded by autophagy. Mutations in Hsp47 are causally associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Expression of Hsp47 is strongly correlated with expression of collagens in multiple types of cells and tissues. Therefore, Hsp47 represents a promising target for treatment of collagen-related disorders, including fibrosis of the liver, lung, and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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14
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Zhu J, Xiong G, Fu H, Evers BM, Zhou BP, Xu R. Chaperone Hsp47 Drives Malignant Growth and Invasion by Modulating an ECM Gene Network. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1580-91. [PMID: 25744716 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a determining factor in the tumor microenvironment that restrains or promotes malignant growth. In this report, we show how the molecular chaperone protein Hsp47 functions as a nodal hub in regulating an ECM gene transcription network. A transcription network analysis showed that Hsp47 expression was activated during breast cancer development and progression. Hsp47 silencing reprogrammed human breast cancer cells to form growth-arrested and/or noninvasive structures in 3D cultures, and to limit tumor growth in xenograft assays by reducing deposition of collagen and fibronectin. Coexpression network analysis also showed that levels of microRNA(miR)-29b and -29c were inversely correlated with expression of Hsp47 and ECM network genes in human breast cancer tissues. We found that miR-29 repressed expression of Hsp47 along with multiple ECM network genes. Ectopic expression of miR-29b suppressed malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells in 3D culture. Clinically, increased expression of Hsp47 and reduced levels of miR-29b and -29c were associated with poor survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. Our results show that Hsp47 is regulated by miR-29 during breast cancer development and progression, and that increased Hsp47 expression promotes cancer progression in part by enhancing deposition of ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Zhu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gaofeng Xiong
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hanjiang Fu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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15
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Mao M, Alavi MV, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB. Type IV Collagens and Basement Membrane Diseases. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 76:61-116. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Katarkar A, Haldar PK, Chaudhuri K. De novo design based pharmacophore query generation and virtual screening for the discovery of Hsp-47 inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:707-13. [PMID: 25522881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein-47 (Hsp-47) is exclusive collagen specific molecular chaperone involved in the maturation, processing and secretion of procollagen. Hsp-47 is consistently upregulated in several fibrotic diseases. Till date there is no potential antifibrotic small molecule drug available and Hsp-47 is known to be potential therapeutic target for fibrotic disorder and drug designing. We used the de novo drug design approach followed by pharmacophore generation and virtual screening to propose Hsp-47 based antifibrotic molecules. We used e-LEAD server for de novo drug design and ZINCPharmer for 3D pharmacophore generation and virtual screening. The virtually screened molecule may inhibit direct recruitment of collagen triple helix to interact with Hsp-47 and act as antifibrotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Katarkar
- Molecular & Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Keya Chaudhuri
- Molecular & Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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17
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Gidalevitz T, Stevens F, Argon Y. Orchestration of secretory protein folding by ER chaperones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:2410-24. [PMID: 23507200 PMCID: PMC3729627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a major compartment of protein biogenesis in the cell, dedicated to production of secretory, membrane and organelle proteins. The secretome has distinct structural and post-translational characteristics, since folding in the ER occurs in an environment that is distinct in terms of its ionic composition, dynamics and requirements for quality control. The folding machinery in the ER therefore includes chaperones and folding enzymes that introduce, monitor and react to disulfide bonds, glycans, and fluctuations of luminal calcium. We describe the major chaperone networks in the lumen and discuss how they have distinct modes of operation that enable cells to accomplish highly efficient production of the secretome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Gidalevitz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Drexel University, 418 Papadakis Integrated Science Bldg, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Yair Argon
- Division of Cell Pathology, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, , Phone: 267-426-5131, Fax: 267-426-5165)
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18
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The endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone heat shock protein 47 protects the Golgi apparatus from the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69732. [PMID: 23922785 PMCID: PMC3726774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is important for the transport of secretory cargo. Glycosylation is a major post-translational event. Recognition of O-glycans on proteins is necessary for glycoprotein trafficking. In this study, specific inhibition of O-glycosylation (Golgi stress) induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident heat shock protein (HSP) 47 in NIH3T3 cells, although cell death was not induced by Golgi stress alone. When HSP47 expression was downregulated by siRNA, inhibition of O-glycosylation caused cell death. Three days after the induction of Golgi stress, the Golgi apparatus was disassembled, many vacuoles appeared near the Golgi apparatus and extended into the cytoplasm, the nuclei had split, and cell death assay-positive cells appeared. Six hours after the induction of Golgi stress, HSP47-knockdown cells exhibited increased cleavage of Golgi-resident caspase-2. Furthermore, activation of mitochondrial caspase-9 and ER-resident unfolded protein response (UPR)-related molecules and efflux of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm was observed in HSP47-knockdown cells 24 h after the induction of Golgi stress. These findings indicate that (i) the ER-resident chaperon HSP47 protected cells from Golgi stress, and (ii) Golgi stress-induced cell death caused by the inhibition of HSP47 expression resulted from caspase-2 activation in the Golgi apparatus, extending to the ER and mitochondria.
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19
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Abdul-Wahab MF, Homma T, Wright M, Olerenshaw D, Dafforn TR, Nagata K, Miller AD. The pH sensitivity of murine heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) binding to collagen is affected by mutations in the breach histidine cluster. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4452-61. [PMID: 23212911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a single-substrate molecular chaperone crucial for collagen biosynthesis. Although its function is well established, the molecular mechanisms that govern binding to procollagen peptides and triple helices in the endoplasmic reticulum (followed by controlled release in the Golgi) are unclear. HSP47 binds procollagen at a neutral pH but releases at a pH similar to the pK(a) of the imidazole side chain of histidine residues. It thus seems likely that these residues are involved in this pH-dependent mechanism. Murine HSP47 has 14 histidine residues grouped into three clusters, known as the breach, gate, and shutter. Here, we report the use of histidine mutagenesis to demonstrate the relative contribution of these three clusters to HSP47 structure and the "pH switch." Many of the tested mutants are silent; however, breach mutants H197A and H198A show binding but no apparent pH switch and are unable to control release. Another breach mutant, H191A, shows perturbed collagen release characteristics, consistent with observed perturbations in pH-driven trans-conformational changes. Thus, His-198, His-197 and His-191 are important (if not central) to HSP47 mechanism of binding/release to collagen. This is consistent with the breach cluster residues being well conserved across the HSP47 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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20
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Kuo DS, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB. COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations and disease: insights into pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:R97-110. [PMID: 22914737 PMCID: PMC3459649 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimers composed of collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) constitute one of the most abundant components of nearly all basement membranes. Accordingly, mutations in COL4A1 or COL4A2 are pleiotropic and contribute to a broad spectrum of disorders, including myopathy, glaucoma and hemorrhagic stroke. Here, we summarize the contributions of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in human disease, integrate knowledge gained from model organisms and evaluate the implications for pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie S Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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21
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Molecular basis for the action of the collagen-specific chaperone Hsp47/SERPINH1 and its structure-specific client recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13243-7. [PMID: 22847422 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208072109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals and is a major component of the extracellular matrix in tissues such as skin and bone. A distinctive structural feature of all collagen types is a unique triple-helical structure formed by tandem repeats of the consensus sequence Xaa-Yaa-Gly, in which Xaa and Yaa frequently are proline and hydroxyproline, respectively. Hsp47/SERPINH1 is a procollagen-specific molecular chaperone that, unlike other chaperones, specifically recognizes the folded conformation of its client. Reduced functional levels of Hsp47 were reported in severe recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, and homozygous knockout is lethal in mice. Here we present crystal structures of Hsp47 in its free form and in complex with homotrimeric synthetic collagen model peptides, each comprising one Hsp47-binding site represented by an arginine at the Yaa-position of a Xaa-Yaa-Gly triplet. Two of these three binding sites in the triple helix are occupied by Hsp47 molecules, which bind in a head-to-head fashion, thus making extensive contacts with the leading and trailing strands of the collagen triple helix. The important arginine residue within the Xaa-Arg-Gly triplet is recognized by a conserved aspartic acid. The structures explain the stabilization of the triple helix as well as the inhibition of collagen-bundle formation by Hsp47. In addition, we propose a pH-dependent substrate release mechanism based on a cluster of histidine residues.
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22
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Determining Cell Seeding Dosages for Tissue Engineering Human Pulmonary Valves. J Surg Res 2012; 174:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Ono T, Miyazaki T, Ishida Y, Uehata M, Nagata K. Direct in vitro and in vivo evidence for interaction between Hsp47 protein and collagen triple helix. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6810-8. [PMID: 22235129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.280248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp47 (heat shock protein 47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is essential for the maturation of various types of procollagens. Previous studies have suggested that Hsp47 may preferentially recognize the triple-helix form of procollagen rather than unfolded procollagen chains in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the underlying mechanism has remained unclear because of limitations in the available methods for detecting in vitro and in vivo interactions between Hsp47 and collagen. In this study, we established novel methods for this purpose by adopting a time-resolved FRET technique in vitro and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation technique in vivo. Using these methods, we provide direct evidence that Hsp47 binds to collagen triple helices but not to the monomer form in vitro. We also demonstrate that Hsp47 binds a collagen model peptide in the trimer conformation in vivo. Hsp47 did not bind collagen peptides that had been modified to block their ability to form triple helices in vivo. These results conclusively indicate that Hsp47 recognizes the triple-helix form of procollagen in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ono
- Discovery Molecular Pharmacology Department, Discovery Screening Center, Advanced Medical Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho,Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
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24
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Szolajska E, Chroboczek J. Faithful chaperones. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3307-22. [PMID: 21655914 PMCID: PMC3181412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the properties of some rare eukaryotic chaperones that each assist in the folding of only one target protein. In particular, we describe (1) the tubulin cofactors, (2) p47, which assists in the folding of collagen, (3) α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP), (4) the adenovirus L4-100 K protein, which is a chaperone of the major structural viral protein, hexon, and (5) HYPK, the huntingtin-interacting protein. These various-sized proteins (102–1,190 amino acids long) are all involved in the folding of oligomeric polypeptides but are otherwise functionally unique, as they each assist only one particular client. This raises a question regarding the biosynthetic cost of the high-level production of such chaperones. As the clients of faithful chaperones are all abundant proteins that are essential cellular or viral components, it is conceivable that this necessary metabolic expenditure withstood evolutionary pressure to minimize biosynthetic costs. Nevertheless, the complexity of the folding pathways in which these chaperones are involved results in error-prone processes. Several human disorders associated with these chaperones are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szolajska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Taguchi T, Nazneen A, Al-Shihri AA, A. Turkistani K, Razzaque MS. Heat shock protein 47: a novel biomarker of phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:35-41. [PMID: 21614164 PMCID: PMC3096080 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that helps the molecular maturation of various types of collagens. A close association between increased expression of HSP47 and the excessive accumulation of collagens is found in various human and experimental fibrotic diseases. Increased levels of HSP47 in fibrotic diseases are thought to assist in the increased assembly of procollagen, and thereby contribute to the excessive deposition of collagens in fibrotic areas. Currently, there is not a good universal histological marker to identify collagen-producing cells. Identifying phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells is essential for the development of cell-based therapies to reduce the progression of fibrotic diseases. Since HSP47 has a single substrate, which is collagen, the HSP47 cellular expression provides a novel universal biomarker to identify phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells during wound healing and fibrosis. In this brief article, we explained why HSP47 could be used as a universal marker for identifying phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Arifa Nazneen
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Abdulmonem A. Al-Shihri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine
| | | | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine
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26
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Dams SD, de Liefde-van Beest M, Nuijs AM, Oomens CWJ, Baaijens FPT. Heat shocks enhance procollagen type I and III expression in fibroblasts in ex vivo human skin. Skin Res Technol 2011; 17:167-80. [PMID: 21251083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-known characteristics of aging skin are the development of fine lines and wrinkles, but changes in skin tone, skin texture, thickness and moisture content are also aspects of aging. Rejuvenation of the skin aims at reversing the signs of aging and can be established in the epidermis as well as in the dermis. Aged dermis, in fact, has a degenerated collagen matrix. To regenerate this matrix, fibroblasts need to be stimulated into synthesizing new collagen. AIMS In this study, the effects of heat shocks of different temperatures on human dermal fibroblasts in ex vivo skin on the expression of procollagen 1, procollagen 3, heat shock protein (hsp)27, hsp47, and hsp70 are investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The heat shocks were applied on ex vivo skin samples by immersing the samples in heated phosphate-buffered saline of 45 °C or 60 °C. Metabolic activity was measured and at similar time points propidium-iodide-calceine staining was performed to establish cell viability. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed after the heat shock to determine gene expression levels relative to the reference temperature. Furthermore, PicroSirius Red and hematoxylin stainings were performed to visualize the collagen network and the cells. RESULTS The skin samples were shown to be viable and metabolically active. Histology indicated that the heat shocks did not influence the structure of the collagen network or cell appearance. qPCR results showed that in contrast to the 45 °C heat shock the 60 °C heat shock resulted in significant upregulations of procollagen type I and III, hsp70 and hsp47. CONCLUSION A 60 °C, heat shock stimulates the human dermal fibroblasts in ex vivo skin to upregulate their procollagen type I and type III expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dams
- Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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27
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28
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Dams SD, de Liefde-van Beest M, Nuijs AM, Oomens CWJ, Baaijens FPT. Pulsed heat shocks enhance procollagen type I and procollagen type III expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Skin Res Technol 2010; 16:354-64. [PMID: 20637005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of wrinkles is associated with degeneration of the collagen matrix. For regeneration of the matrix, fibroblasts need to be stimulated in producing new collagen. AIMS In this study, the effect of short-pulsed heat shocks on gene expression of procollagen type I, procollagen type III, heat shock protein (hsp)27, hsp47 and hsp70 and on the expression of remodeling markers, procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide (P1P) and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I (ICTP), of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, is investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Temperatures of 45 degrees C and 60 degrees C were used for the heat shocks. The proliferation rates, viability and metabolic activity were measured directly after the pulsed heat shocks and quantitative PCR was performed at five different time points after the heat shocks. Enzyme Immuno Assays were performed to determine the concentrations of P1P and ICTP. RESULTS A decreased proliferation rate of the 60 degrees C heat shocked cells was shown, whereas the viability and metabolic activity did not differ. Furthermore, gene expressions were upregulated in both 45 degrees C and 60 degrees C heat-shocked cells. However, remodeling marker analyses showed a larger amount of collagen produced by 60 degrees C heat-shocked cells. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that these findings, together with upregulation in gene expression, show that it is possible to stimulate the cells to produce more collagen with short-pulsed heat shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dams
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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29
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Higuchi I, Hashiguchi A, Matsuura E, Higashi K, Shiraishi T, Hirata N, Arimura K, Osame M. Different pattern of HSP47 expression in skeletal muscle of patients with neuromuscular diseases. Neuromuscul Disord 2007; 17:221-6. [PMID: 17324572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is involved in the processing and secretion of procollagens, and its expression is increased in various fibrotic diseases. However, its involvement in muscle diseases is unknown. In this study, we analyzed HSP47 expression in muscular dystrophies and other muscle diseases. We found an overexpression of HSP47 in fibrous connective tissue and in the adjacent muscle membrane in various muscular dystrophies. However, in Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), the overexpression of HSP47 was found only in the connective tissue, and not in the muscle membrane. The overexpression of HSP47 was found only in the muscle membrane in the case of active inflammatory myopathy. In particular, HSP47 was strongly expressed in the membrane of regenerating fibers. We found that HSP47 in the muscle membrane locates in the basement membrane with confocal microscopy. Our findings suggest that HSP47 may be involved in the repair or regeneration of muscle fibers in addition to the fibrotic change in the connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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30
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Taguchi T, Razzaque MS. The collagen-specific molecular chaperone HSP47: is there a role in fibrosis? Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:45-53. [PMID: 17169614 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that is required for molecular maturation of various types of collagens. Recent studies have shown a close association between increased expression of HSP47 and excessive accumulation of collagens in scar tissues of various human and experimental fibrotic diseases. It is presumed that the increased levels of HSP47 in fibrotic diseases assist in excessive assembly and intracellular processing of procollagen molecules and, thereby, contribute to the formation of fibrotic lesions. Studies have also shown that suppression of HSP47 expression can reduce accumulation of collagens to delay the progression of fibrotic diseases in experimental animal models. Because HSP47 is a specific chaperone for collagen synthesis, it provides a selective target to manipulate collagen production, a phenomenon that might have enormous clinical impact in controlling a wide range of fibrotic diseases. Here, we outline the fibrogenic role of HSP47 and discuss the potential usefulness of HSP47 as an anti-fibrotic therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Ishida Y, Kubota H, Yamamoto A, Kitamura A, Bächinger HP, Nagata K. Type I collagen in Hsp47-null cells is aggregated in endoplasmic reticulum and deficient in N-propeptide processing and fibrillogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:2346-55. [PMID: 16525016 PMCID: PMC1446091 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-11-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein of 47 kDa (Hsp47) is a molecular chaperone that recognizes collagen triple helices in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Hsp47-knockout mouse embryos are deficient in the maturation of collagen types I and IV, and collagen triple helices formed in the absence of Hsp47 show increased susceptibility to protease digestion. We show here that the fibrils of type I collagen produced by Hsp47-/- cells are abnormally thin and frequently branched. Type I collagen was highly accumulated in the ER of Hsp47-/- cells, and its secretion rate was much slower than that of Hsp47+/+ cells, leading to accumulation of the insoluble aggregate of type I collagen within the cells. Transient expression of Hsp47 in the Hsp47-/- cells restored normal extracellular fibril formation and intracellular localization of type I collagen. Intriguingly, type I collagen with unprocessed N-terminal propeptide (N-propeptide) was secreted from Hsp47-/- cells and accumulated in the extracellular matrix. These results indicate that Hsp47 is required for correct folding and prevention of aggregation of type I collagen in the ER and that this function is indispensable for efficient secretion, processing, and fibril formation of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Ishida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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32
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Koide T, Nishikawa Y, Asada S, Yamazaki CM, Takahara Y, Homma DL, Otaka A, Ohtani K, Wakamiya N, Nagata K, Kitagawa K. Specific recognition of the collagen triple helix by chaperone HSP47. II. The HSP47-binding structural motif in collagens and related proteins. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:11177-85. [PMID: 16484215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601369200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47) plays an essential role in procollagen biosynthesis. The function of HSP47 relies on its specific interaction with correctly folded triple-helical regions comprised of Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats, and Arg residues at Yaa positions have been shown to be important for this interaction. The amino acid at the Yaa position (Yaa(-3)) in the N-terminal-adjoining triplet containing the critical Arg (defined as Arg(0)) was also suggested to be directly recognized by HSP47 (Koide, T., Asada, S., Takahara, Y., Nishikawa, Y., Nagata, K., and Kitagawa, K. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 3432-3438). Based on this finding, we examined the relationship between the structure of Yaa(-3) and HSP47 binding using synthetic collagenous peptides. The results obtained indicated that the structure of Yaa(-3) determined the binding affinity for HSP47. Maximal binding was observed when Yaa(-3) was Thr. Moreover, the required relative spatial arrangement of these key residues in the triple helix was analyzed by taking advantage of heterotrimeric collagen-model peptides, each of which contains one Thr(-3) and one Arg(0). The results revealed that HSP47 recognizes the Yaa(-3) and Arg(0) residues only when they are on the same peptide strand. Taken together, the data obtained led us to define the HSP47-binding structural epitope in the collagen triple helix and also define the HSP47-binding motif in the primary structure. A motif search against human protein database predicted candidate clients for this molecular chaperone. The search result indicated that not all collagen family proteins require the chaperoning by HSP47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Koide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
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Koide T, Asada S, Takahara Y, Nishikawa Y, Nagata K, Kitagawa K. Specific recognition of the collagen triple helix by chaperone HSP47: minimal structural requirement and spatial molecular orientation. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:3432-8. [PMID: 16326708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509707200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique folding of procollagens in the endoplasmic reticulum is achieved with the assistance of procollagen-specific molecular chaperones. Heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone that plays an essential role in normal procollagen folding, although its molecular function has not yet been clarified. Recent advances in studies on the binding specificity of HSP47 have revealed that Arg residues at Yaa positions in collagenous Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats are critical for its interactions (Koide, T., Takahara, Y., Asada, S., and Nagata, K. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 6178-6182; Tasab, M., Jenkinson, L., and Bulleid, N. J. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 35007-35012). In the present study, we further examined the client recognition mechanism of HSP47 by taking advantage of systems employing engineered collagen model peptides. First, in vitro binding studies using conformationally constrained collagen-like peptides revealed that HSP47 only recognized correctly folded triple helices and that the interaction with the corresponding single-chain polypeptides was negligible. Second, a binding study using heterotrimeric model clients for HSP47 demonstrated a minimal requirement for the number of Arg residues in the triple helix. Finally, a cross-linking study using photoreactive collagenous peptides provided information about the spatial orientation of an HSP47 molecule in the chaperone-collagen complex. The obtained results led to the development of a new model of HSP47-collagen complexes that differs completely from the previously proposed "flying capstan model" (Dafforn, T. R., Della, M., and Miller, A. D. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 49310-49319).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Koide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 950-2081, Japan.
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Abstract
Collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix allow connective tissues such as tendon, skin and bone to withstand tensile forces. The fibrils are indeterminate in length, insoluble and form elaborate three-dimensional arrays that extend over numerous cell lengths. Studies of the molecular basis of collagen fibrillogenesis have provided insight into the trafficking of procollagen (the precursor of collagen) through the cellular secretory pathway, the conversion of procollagen to collagen by the procollagen metalloproteinases, and the directional deposition of fibrils involving the plasma membrane and late secretory pathway. Fibril-associated molecules are targeted to the surface of collagen fibrils, and these molecules play an important role in regulating the diameter and interactions between the fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Canty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Gotkin MG, Ripley CR, Lamande SR, Bateman JF, Bienkowski RS. Intracellular trafficking and degradation of unassociated proalpha2 chains of collagen type I. Exp Cell Res 2004; 296:307-16. [PMID: 15149860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Revised: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Procollagen I is a trimer consisting of two proalpha1(I) chains and one proalpha 2(I) chain. In certain cases of mild osteogenesis imperfecta, abnormal proalpha1(I) chains are degraded very soon after synthesis. As a consequence, the cells produce excess proalpha2(I) chains, which cannot form trimers and are not secreted. The objective of this work was to determine the intracellular fate of unassociated proalpha2(I) chains. Mov13 mouse fibroblasts, which do not synthesize proalpha1(I) mRNA, but do produce proalpha2(I) mRNA, were incubated with radioactive amino acids using pulse-chase protocols, and proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, and Western blotting. Mov13 cells produced proalpha2(I) chains that were degraded intracellularly within 30 min. Degradation was inhibited when cells were treated with brefeldin-A, which blocks transit from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi. Fixed cells exposed to various immunofluorescence markers and imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that proalpha2(I) chains colocalized with Golgi and lysosome markers. Degradation was inhibited and chains were secreted when cells were treated with wortmannin, which blocks trafficking to lysosomes. These results demonstrate that unassociated proalpha2(I) chains leave the endoplasmic reticulum, transit the Golgi, and enter lysosomes where they are degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn G Gotkin
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York 11016, USA
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Matsuoka Y, Kubota H, Adachi E, Nagai N, Marutani T, Hosokawa N, Nagata K. Insufficient folding of type IV collagen and formation of abnormal basement membrane-like structure in embryoid bodies derived from Hsp47-null embryonic stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 15:4467-75. [PMID: 15282337 PMCID: PMC519141 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-01-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp47 is a molecular chaperone that specifically recognizes procollagen in the endoplasmic reticulum. Hsp47-null mouse embryos produce immature type I collagen and form discontinuous basement membranes. We established Hsp47-/- embryonic stem cell lines and examined formation of basement membrane and production of type IV collagen in embryoid bodies, a model for postimplantation egg-cylinder stage embryos. The visceral endodermal cell layers surrounding Hsp47-/- embryoid bodies were often disorganized, a result that suggested abnormal function of the basement membrane under the visceral endoderm. Rate of type IV collagen secretion by Hsp47-/- cells was fourfold lower than that of Hsp47+/+ cells. Furthermore, type IV collagen secreted from Hsp47-/- cells was much more sensitive to protease digestion than was type IV collagen secreted from Hsp47+/+ cells, which suggested insufficient or incorrect triple helix formation in type IV collagen in the absence of Hsp47. These results indicate for the first time that Hsp47 is required for the molecular maturation of type IV collagen and suggest that misfolded type IV collagen causes abnormal morphology of embryoid bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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Majumdar A, Bhattacharya R, Basak S, Shaila MS, Chattopadhyay D, Roy S. P-protein of Chandipura virus is an N-protein-specific chaperone that acts at the nucleation stage. Biochemistry 2004; 43:2863-70. [PMID: 15005621 DOI: 10.1021/bi035793r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid protein N of Chandipura virus is prone to aggregation in vitro. We have shown that this aggregation occurs in two phases in a nucleation-dependent manner. Electron microscopy suggests that the aggregated state may have a ring-like structure. Using a GFP fusion, we have shown that the N-protein also aggregates in vivo. The P-protein suppresses the N-protein aggregation efficiently, both in vitro and in vivo. Increased lag phase in the presence of the P-protein suggests that chaperone-like action of the P-protein occurs before the nucleation event. The P-protein, however, does not exert any chaperone-like action against other proteins, suggesting that it binds to the N-protein specifically. Surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence enhancement indeed suggest that the P-protein binds tightly to the native N-protein. The P-protein is thus an N-protein-specific chaperone which inhibits the nucleation phase of N-protein aggregation, thus keeping a pool of encapsidation-competent N-protein for viral maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Majumdar
- Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700 019, India
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Vomund AN, Braddock SR, Krause GF, Phillips CL. Potential modifier role of the R618Q variant of proalpha2(I)collagen in type I collagen fibrillogenesis: in vitro assembly analysis. Mol Genet Metab 2004; 82:144-53. [PMID: 15172002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An arginine to glutamine substitution in the triple helix of proalpha2(I)collagen (R618Q) was first reported in a patient with a variant of Marfan syndrome and later identified in conjunction with a second mutation in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The presence of the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen allele in unaffected or mildly affected family members suggests that the R618Q allele is either a non-affecting polymorphism or a potential genetic modifier. Conservation of arginine618 across species and fibrillar collagen types suggests it is functionally significant. To investigate the functional significance of the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen allele, we isolated type I collagen from cultured dermal fibroblasts of control and two unrelated individuals heterozygous for the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen allele and evaluated helical stability and fibrillar assembly. Type I collagen thermal stability analyzed by protease susceptibility and CD spectroscopy demonstrated no statistical difference between control and R618Q containing collagen molecules. In vitro fibril assembly analyses demonstrated that R618Q containing collagen exhibits rapid fibrillar growth with minimal fibril nucleation phase. Further, electron microscopy demonstrated that the diameter of assembled R618Q containing collagen fibrils was approximately 20% of control collagen fibrils. These findings suggest the R618Q variant does not impact triple helical stability but has a role in collagen fibril assembly, supporting the hypothesis that the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen variant is a modifier of connective tissue structure/function and is potentially involved in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Vomund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Stefanovic B, Stefanovic L, Schnabl B, Bataller R, Brenner DA. TRAM2 protein interacts with endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump Serca2b and is necessary for collagen type I synthesis. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:1758-68. [PMID: 14749390 PMCID: PMC344171 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.4.1758-1768.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotranslational insertion of type I collagen chains into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their subsequent folding into a heterotrimeric helix is a complex process which requires coordinated action of the translation machinery, components of translocons, molecular chaperones, and modifying enzymes. Here we describe a role for the protein TRAM2 in collagen type I expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibroblasts. Activated HSCs are collagen-producing cells in the fibrotic liver. Quiescent HSCs produce trace amounts of type I collagen, while upon activation collagen synthesis increases 50- to 70-fold. Likewise, expression of TRAM2 dramatically increases in activated HSCs. TRAM2 shares 53% amino acid identity with the protein TRAM, which is a component of the translocon. However, TRAM2 has a C terminus with only a 15% identity. The C-terminal part of TRAM2 interacts with the Ca(2+) pump of the ER, SERCA2b, as demonstrated in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae two-hybrid screen and by immunoprecipitations in human cells. TRAM2 also coprecipitates with anticollagen antibody, suggesting that these two proteins interact. Deletion of the C-terminal part of TRAM2 inhibits type I collagen synthesis during activation of HSCs. The pharmacological inhibitor of SERCA2b, thapsigargin, has a similar effect. Depletion of ER Ca(2+) with thapsigargin results in inhibition of triple helical collagen folding and increased intracellular degradation. We propose that TRAM2, as a part of the translocon, is required for the biosynthesis of type I collagen by coupling the activity of SERCA2b with the activity of the translocon. This coupling may increase the local Ca(2+) concentration at the site of collagen synthesis, and a high Ca(2+) concentration may be necessary for the function of molecular chaperones involved in collagen folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
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Pan H, Halper J. Regulation of heat shock protein 47 and type I procollagen expression in avian tendon cells. Cell Tissue Res 2003; 311:373-82. [PMID: 12658445 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-003-0699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2002] [Accepted: 01/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) is a collagen-binding stress protein that acts as a collagen-specific molecular chaperone during the biosynthesis and secretion of procollagen. Type I collagen is a major component of tendons. Coexpression of genes for both proteins has been reported in various tissues, where many growth factors likely regulate their expressions in different ways. Here we describe the effects of increased temperature, mechanical stress and growth factors on Hsp47 and type I procollagen expression in embryonic chicken tendon cells. The expression of Hsp47 mRNA at 45 degrees C increased within 60 min and returned to baseline in 4 h after the temperature decreased to 37 degrees C. Our data also show that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is another regulator of Hsp47 expression as the addition of TGF-beta1 led to a moderate increase in the expression of Hsp47 mRNA. TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 exerted only a small effect; epidermal growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) had none. TGF-beta1 increased type I procollagen mRNA expression and TNF-alpha reduced this expression. TGF-beta1 delayed the degradation of Hsp47 mRNA after heat shock likely via post-transcriptional regulation of the Hsp47 gene. We also report that mechanical stress increased Hsp47 mRNA expression and Hsp47 protein synthesis. Induction of Hsp47 protein expression by heat shock, mechanical stress and TGF-beta1 was likely achieved through activation and translocation of heat shock transcription factor 1 into the nucleus. Our data indicate that TGF-beta1 is a major regulator of both procollagen and Hsp47 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Pan
- The Soft Tissue Center, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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