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Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
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García-Benlloch S, Revert-Ros F, Blesa JR, Alis R. MOTS-c promotes muscle differentiation in vitro. Peptides 2022; 155:170840. [PMID: 35842023 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12 S rRNA-c) is a newly discovered peptide that has been shown to have a protective role in whole-body metabolic homeostasis. This could be a consequence of the effect of MOTS-c on muscle tissue. Here, we investigated the role of MOTS-c in the differentiation of human (LHCN-M2) and murine (C2C12) muscle progenitor cells. Cells were treated with peptides at the onset of differentiation or after myotubes had been formed. We identified in silico a putative Src Homology 2 (SH2) binding motif in the YIFY region of the MOTS-c sequence, and created a Y8F mutant MOTS-c peptide to explore the role of this region. In both cellular models, treatment with wild-type MOTS-c peptide increased myotube formation whereas treatment with the Y8F peptide did not. MOTS-c wild-type, but not Y8F peptide, also protected against interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced reduction of nuclear myogenin staining in myocytes. Thus, we investigated whether MOTS-c interacts with the IL-6/Janus kinase/ Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and found that MOTS-c, but not the Y8F peptide, blocked the transcriptional activity of STAT3 induced by IL-6. Altogether, our findings suggest that, in muscle cells, MOTS-c interacts with STAT3 via the putative SH2 binding motif in the YIFY region to reduce STAT3 transcriptional activity, which enhances myotube formation. This newly discovered mechanism of action highlights MOTS-c as a potential therapeutic target against muscle-wasting in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Benlloch
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/ Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Revert-Ros
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Rafael Blesa
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Alis
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; Present affiliation, Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Dalhäusser AK, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Regulation of c-Fos gene transcription by stimulus-responsive protein kinases. Gene 2022; 821:146284. [PMID: 35143939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The basic region leucin zipper (bZIP) protein c-Fos constitutes together with other bZIP proteins the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Expression of the c-Fos gene is regulated by numerous extracellular signaling molecules including mitogens, metabolites, and ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, and cytokine receptors. Here, we analyzed the effects of the stimulus-responsive MAP kinases ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase) and p38 protein kinase on transcription of the c-Fos gene. We used chromatin-integrated c-Fos promoter-luciferase reporter genes containing inactivating point mutations of DNA binding sites for distinct transcription factors. ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein kinases were specifically activated following expression of either a mutant of B-Raf, a truncated version of mitogen-activated/extracellular signal responsive kinase kinase kinase-1 (MEKK1), or a mutant of MAP kinase kinase-6 (MKK6), respectively. The results show that the DNA binding sites for serum response factor (SRF) and for the ternary complex factor (TCF) are of major importance for stimulating c-Fos promoter activity by MAP kinases. ERK1/2 and p38-induced stimulation of the c-Fos promoter additionally required the DNA binding site for the transcription factor AP-1. Mutation of the DNA binding site for STAT had no or only a small effect on c-Fos promoter activity. We conclude that MAP kinases do not activate distinct transcription factors involving distinct genetic elements. Rather, these kinases mainly target SRF and TCF proteins, leading to an activation of transcription of the c-Fos gene via the serum response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia K Dalhäusser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver G Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Gao M, Fu Y, Zhou W, Gui G, Lal B, Li Y, Xia S, Ji H, Eberhart CG, Laterra J, Ying M. EGFR Activates a TAZ-Driven Oncogenic Program in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3580-3592. [PMID: 33910930 PMCID: PMC8277712 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivated EGFR signaling is a driver of various human cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Effective EGFR-targeted therapies rely on knowledge of key signaling hubs that transfer and amplify EGFR signaling. Here we focus on the transcription factor TAZ, a potential signaling hub in the EGFR signaling network. TAZ expression was positively associated with EGFR expression in clinical GBM specimens. In patient-derived GBM neurospheres, EGF induced TAZ through EGFR-ERK and EGFR-STAT3 signaling, and the constitutively active EGFRvIII mutation caused EGF-independent hyperactivation of TAZ. Genome-wide analysis showed that the EGFR-TAZ axis activates multiple oncogenic signaling mechanisms, including an EGFR-TAZ-RTK positive feedback loop, as well as upregulating HIF1α and other oncogenic genes. TAZ hyperactivation in GBM stem-like cells induced exogenous mitogen-independent growth and promoted GBM invasion, radioresistance, and tumorigenicity. Screening a panel of brain-penetrating EGFR inhibitors identified osimertinib as the most potent inhibitor of the EGFR-TAZ signaling axis. Systemic osimertinib treatment inhibited the EGFR-TAZ axis and in vivo growth of GBM stem-like cell xenografts. Overall these results show that the therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib relies on effective TAZ inhibition, thus identifying TAZ as a potential biomarker of osimertinib sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE: This study establishes a genome-wide map of EGFR-TAZ signaling in glioblastoma and finds osimertinib effectively inhibits this signaling, justifying its future clinical evaluation to treat glioblastoma and other cancers with EGFR/TAZ hyperactivation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/13/3580/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Gao
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yi Fu
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gege Gui
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bachuchu Lal
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yunqing Li
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chen Y, Ding X, Wang S, Ding P, Xu Z, Li J, Wang M, Xiang R, Wang X, Wang H, Feng Q, Qiu J, Wang F, Huang Z, Zhang X, Tang G, Tang S. A single-cell atlas of mouse olfactory bulb chromatin accessibility. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:147-162. [PMID: 33926839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is a fundamental trait crucial to many species. The olfactory bulb (OB) plays pivotal roles in processing and transmitting odor information from the environment to the brain. The cellular heterogeneity of the mouse OB has been studied using single-cell RNA sequencing. However, the epigenetic landscape of the mOB remains mostly unexplored. Herein, we apply single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to profile the genome-wide chromatin accessibility of 9,549 single cells from the mOB. Based on single-cell epigenetic signatures, mOB cells are classified into 21 clusters corresponding to 11 cell types. We identify distinct sets of putative regulatory elements specific to each cell cluster from which putative target genes and enriched potential functions are inferred. In addition, the transcription factor motifs enriched in each cell cluster are determined to indicate the developmental fate of each cell lineage. Our study provides a valuable epigenetic data set for the mOB at single-cell resolution, and the results can enhance our understanding of regulatory circuits and the therapeutic capacity of the OB at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiangning Ding
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Peiwen Ding
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zaoxu Xu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qikai Feng
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiaying Qiu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Feiyue Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
| | - Gen Tang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Shengping Tang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518083, China; Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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6
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Zhou Y, Chen JJ. STAT3 plays an important role in DNA replication by turning on WDHD1. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:10. [PMID: 33413624 PMCID: PMC7792067 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and cancer. However, the functions and mechanisms by which STAT3 regulates cellular processes are not fully understood. RESULTS Here we describe a novel function of STAT3. We demonstrated that STAT3 plays an important role in DNA replication. Specifically, knockdown of STAT3 reduced DNA replication while activation and ectopic expression of STAT3 promoted DNA replication. We further identified the WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 (WDHD1), which plays an important role in DNA replication initiation, as a novel STAT3 target gene that mediated the DNA replication function of STAT3. We showed that STAT3 bind the promoter/up regulatory region of WDHD1 gene. CONCLUSIONS These studies identified a novel function of STAT3 that is mediated by its newly identified target gene WDHD1 and have important implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhou
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Central Hospital Affiliated To Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,The Cancer Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jason J Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,The Cancer Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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7
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Harrison AR, Lieu KG, Larrous F, Ito N, Bourhy H, Moseley GW. Lyssavirus P-protein selectively targets STAT3-STAT1 heterodimers to modulate cytokine signalling. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008767. [PMID: 32903273 PMCID: PMC7480851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses target signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to antagonise antiviral interferon signalling, but targeting of STAT3, a pleiotropic molecule that mediates signalling by diverse cytokines, is poorly understood. Here, using lyssavirus infection, quantitative live cell imaging, innate immune signalling and protein interaction assays, and complementation/depletion of STAT expression, we show that STAT3 antagonism is conserved among P-proteins of diverse pathogenic lyssaviruses and correlates with pathogenesis. Importantly, P-protein targeting of STAT3 involves a highly selective mechanism whereby P-protein antagonises cytokine-activated STAT3-STAT1 heterodimers, but not STAT3 homodimers. RT-qPCR and reporter gene assays indicate that this results in specific modulation of interleukin-6-dependent pathways, effecting differential antagonism of target genes. These data provide novel insights into mechanisms by which viruses can modulate cellular function to support infection through discriminatory targeting of immune signalling complexes. The findings also highlight the potential application of selective interferon-antagonists as tools to delineate signalling by particular STAT complexes, significant not only to pathogen-host interactions but also cell physiology, development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Harrison
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim G. Lieu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florence Larrous
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gregory W. Moseley
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhang L, Song Q, Zhang X, Li L, Xu X, Xu X, Li X, Wang Z, Lin Y, Li X, Li M, Su F, Wang X, Qiu P, Guan H, Tang Y, Xu W, Yang J, Zhao C. Zelnorm, an agonist of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 4-receptor, acts as a potential antitumor drug by targeting JAK/STAT3 signaling. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:311-320. [PMID: 31087223 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway plays central roles in cancer cell growth and survival. Drug repurposing strategies have provided a valuable approach for developing antitumor drugs. Zelnorm (tegaserod maleate) was originally designed as an agonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor (5-HT4R) and approved by the FDA for treating irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Through the use of a high-throughput drug screening system, Zelnorm was identified as a JAK/STAT3 signaling inhibitor. Moreover, the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by Zelnorm was independent of its original target 5-HT4R. Zelnorm could cause G1 cell cycle arrest, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells. The present study identifies Zelnorm as a novel JAK/STAT3 signaling inhibitor and reveals a new clinical application of Zelnorm upon market reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoling Song
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxi Lin
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Su
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Peiju Qiu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 23 East Hong Kong Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
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10
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Mo Y, He L, Lai Z, Wan Z, Chen Q, Pan S, Li L, Li D, Huang J, Xue F, Che S. LINC01287/miR-298/STAT3 feedback loop regulates growth and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:149. [PMID: 30001751 PMCID: PMC6044102 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have participated in the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the biological role and underlying mechanism of LINC01287 in HCC has never been reported. Methods The TGCA database was used to explore the abnormal expression of lncRNAs in HCC. Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization assays were used to examine the expression of LINC01287 in HCC tissues. The clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients in relation to LINC01287 expression were then analyzed. Infection of cells with the si-LINC01287 lentiviral vector was performed to down-regulate LINC01287 expression in HCC cells. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to examine cell growth ability, and FACS analysis was performed to examine the cell cycle and apoptosis. A Boyden assay was used to examine HCC cell invasion ability, and RNA immunoprecipitation tested the interaction between LINC01287 and miR-298. A luciferase reporter assay was used to examine whether STAT3 was a direct target of miR-298, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to examine the potential binding of c-jun to the miR-298 promoter. Results We revealed that the expression of LINC01287 was increased in HCC cell lines, as well as tissues. Knockdown of LINC01287 decreased HCC cell growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. LINC01287 can negatively regulate miR-298 expression by acting as a ceRNA. miR-298 directly targeted STAT3 and inhibited its expression. LINC01287 exerted its function via the miR-298/STAT3 axis in HCC. Interestingly, STAT3 elevated LINC01287 expression via c-jun, which bound to the LINC01287 promoter. A feedback loop was also discovered between LINC01287 and the miR-298/STAT3 axis. Conclusions Our data indicated that LINC01287 played an oncogenic role in HCC growth and metastasis and that this lncRNA might serve as a novel molecular target for the treatment of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0831-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Longguang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Zeru Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of BaoTou Medical University, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qinshou Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Sibo Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Liangfu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Dasheng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Fan Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Siyao Che
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China.
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11
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Meyer P, Maity P, Burkovski A, Schwab J, Müssel C, Singh K, Ferreira FF, Krug L, Maier HJ, Wlaschek M, Wirth T, Kestler HA, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. A model of the onset of the senescence associated secretory phenotype after DNA damage induced senescence. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005741. [PMID: 29206223 PMCID: PMC5730191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues are exposed to stress from numerous sources. Senescence is a protective mechanism that prevents malignant tissue changes and constitutes a fundamental mechanism of aging. It can be accompanied by a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that causes chronic inflammation. We present a Boolean network model-based gene regulatory network of the SASP, incorporating published gene interaction data. The simulation results describe current biological knowledge. The model predicts different in-silico knockouts that prevent key SASP-mediators, IL-6 and IL-8, from getting activated upon DNA damage. The NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO) was the most promising in-silico knockout candidate and we were able to show its importance in the inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 following DNA-damage in murine dermal fibroblasts in-vitro. We strengthen the speculated regulator function of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the onset and maintenance of the SASP using in-silico and in-vitro approaches. We were able to mechanistically show, that DNA damage mediated SASP triggering of IL-6 and IL-8 is mainly relayed through NF-κB, giving access to possible therapy targets for SASP-accompanied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Meyer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Pallab Maity
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Andre Burkovski
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Müssel
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Filipa F. Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Krug
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), University of Ulm, Germany
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12
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Cutler SJ, Doecke JD, Ghazawi I, Yang J, Griffiths LR, Spring KJ, Ralph SJ, Mellick AS. Novel STAT binding elements mediate IL-6 regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8526. [PMID: 28819304 PMCID: PMC5561029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key feature of cancer progression. Enzymes that modify the ECM, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), have long been recognised as important targets of anticancer therapy. Inflammatory cytokines are known to play a key role in regulating protease expression in cancer. Here we describe the identification of gamma-activated site (GAS)-like, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) binding elements (SBEs) within the proximal promoters of the MMP-1 and MMP-3 genes, which in association with AP-1 components (c-Fos or Jun), bind STAT-1 in a homodimer like complex (HDLC). We further demonstrate that MMP expression and binding of this complex to SBEs can either be enhanced by interleukin (IL)-6, or reduced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and that IL-6 regulation of MMPs is not STAT-3 dependent. Collectively, this data adds to existing understanding of the mechanism underlying cytokine regulation of MMP expression via STAT-1, and increases our understanding of the links between inflammation and malignancy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Cutler
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Institute for Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, 4215, QLD, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Institute for Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, 4215, QLD, Australia
| | - Ibtisam Ghazawi
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Institute for Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, 4215, QLD, Australia
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Institute for Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kevin J Spring
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW & CONCERT Translational Cancer Research Centre, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Institute for Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, 4215, QLD, Australia.
| | - Albert S Mellick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Institute for Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, 4215, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. .,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW & CONCERT Translational Cancer Research Centre, 1 Campbell Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
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13
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Linher-Melville K, Singh G. The complex roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in maintaining redox balance: Lessons from STAT-mediated xCT expression in cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:40-52. [PMID: 28202313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 and STAT5 mediate diverse cellular processes, transcriptionally regulating gene expression and interacting with cytoplasmic proteins. Their canonical activity is stimulated by cytokines/growth factors through JAK-STAT signaling. As targets of oncogenes with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, STAT3 and STAT5 become constitutively active in hematologic neoplasms and solid tumors, promoting cell proliferation and survival and modulating redox homeostasis. This review summarizes reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated STAT activation and how STATs influence ROS production. ROS-induced effects on post-translational modifications are presented, and STAT3/5-mediated regulation of xCT, a redox-sensitive target up-regulated in numerous cancers, is discussed with regard to transcriptional cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Linher-Melville
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
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14
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Kolosenko I, Yu Y, Busker S, Dyczynski M, Liu J, Haraldsson M, Palm Apergi C, Helleday T, Tamm KP, Page BDG, Grander D. Identification of novel small molecules that inhibit STAT3-dependent transcription and function. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28636670 PMCID: PMC5479526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has been linked to several processes that are critical for oncogenic transformation, cancer progression, cancer cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance and metastasis. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling has shown a striking ability to inhibit cancer cell growth and therefore, STAT3 has become a promising target for anti-cancer drug development. The aim of this study was to identify novel inhibitors of STAT-dependent gene transcription. A cellular reporter-based system for monitoring STAT3 transcriptional activity was developed which was suitable for high-throughput screening (Z’ = 0,8). This system was used to screen a library of 28,000 compounds (the ENAMINE Drug-Like Diversity Set). Following counter-screenings and toxicity studies, we identified four hit compounds that were subjected to detailed biological characterization. Of the four hits, KI16 stood out as the most promising compound, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity in response to IL6 stimulation. In silico docking studies showed that KI16 had favorable interactions with the STAT3 SH2 domain, however, no inhibitory activity could be observed in the STAT3 fluorescence polarization assay. KI16 inhibited cell viability preferentially in STAT3-dependent cell lines. Taken together, using a targeted, cell-based approach, novel inhibitors of STAT-driven transcriptional activity were discovered which are interesting leads to pursue further for the development of anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kolosenko
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (IK); (DG)
| | - Yasmin Yu
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sander Busker
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matheus Dyczynski
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska High-Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Palm Apergi
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Pokrovskaja Tamm
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Grander
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (IK); (DG)
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15
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Mahony R, Gargan S, Roberts KL, Bourke N, Keating SE, Bowie AG, O'Farrelly C, Stevenson NJ. A novel anti-viral role for STAT3 in IFN-α signalling responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1755-1764. [PMID: 27988795 PMCID: PMC11107673 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine, Interferon (IFN)-α, induces a wide spectrum of anti-viral mediators, via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. STAT1 and STAT2 are well characterised to upregulate IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression; but even though STAT3 is also activated by IFN-α, its role in anti-viral ISG induction is unclear. Several viruses, including Hepatitis C and Mumps, reduce cellular STAT3 protein levels, via the promotion of ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. This viral immune evasion mechanism suggests an undiscovered anti-viral role for STAT3 in IFN-α signalling. To investigate STAT3's functional involvement in this Type I IFN pathway, we first analysed its effect upon the replication of two viruses, Influenza and Vaccinia. Viral plaque assays, using Wild Type (WT) and STAT3-/- Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs), revealed that STAT3 is required for the inhibition of Influenza and Vaccinia replication. Furthermore, STAT3 shRNA knockdown also enhanced Influenza replication and hindered induction of several, well characterised, anti-viral ISGs: PKR, OAS2, MxB and ISG15; while STAT3 expression had no effect upon induction of a separate ISG group: Viperin, IFI27, CXCL10 and CCL5. These discoveries reveal, for the first time, an anti-viral role for STAT3 in the IFN-α pathway and characterise a requirement for STAT3 in the expression of specific ISGs. These findings also identify STAT3 as a therapeutic target against viral infection and highlight it as an essential pathway component for endogenous and therapeutic IFN-α responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mahony
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Gargan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim L Roberts
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nollaig Bourke
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sinead E Keating
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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16
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Tapia VS, Herrera‐Rojas M, Larrain J. JAK-STAT pathway activation in response to spinal cord injury in regenerative and non-regenerative stages of Xenopus laevis. REGENERATION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2017; 4:21-35. [PMID: 28316792 PMCID: PMC5350081 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus laevis tadpoles can regenerate the spinal cord after injury but this capability is lost during metamorphosis. Comparative studies between pre-metamorphic and metamorphic Xenopus stages can aid towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of spinal cord regeneration. Analysis of a previous transcriptome-wide study suggests that, in response to injury, the JAK-STAT pathway is differentially activated in regenerative and non-regenerative stages. We characterized the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and found that regenerative tadpoles have an early and transient activation. In contrast, the non-regenerative stages have a delayed and sustained activation of the pathway. We found that STAT3 is activated in response to injury mainly in Sox2/3+ ependymal cells, motoneurons and sensory neurons. Finally, to study the role of temporal activation we generated a transgenic line to express a constitutively active version of STAT3. The sustained activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in regenerative tadpoles reduced the expression of pro-neurogenic genes normally upregulated in response to spinal cord injury, suggesting that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway modulates the fate of neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S. Tapia
- Center for Aging and RegenerationMillennium Nucleus in Regenerative BiologyFacultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Mauricio Herrera‐Rojas
- Center for Aging and RegenerationMillennium Nucleus in Regenerative BiologyFacultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Juan Larrain
- Center for Aging and RegenerationMillennium Nucleus in Regenerative BiologyFacultad de Ciencias BiologicasPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile
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17
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Walker EC, Johnson RW, Hu Y, Brennan HJ, Poulton IJ, Zhang JG, Jenkins BJ, Smyth GK, Nicola NA, Sims NA. Murine Oncostatin M Acts via Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor to Phosphorylate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) but Not STAT1, an Effect That Protects Bone Mass. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21703-21716. [PMID: 27539849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) are IL-6 family members with a wide range of biological functions. Human OSM (hOSM) and murine LIF (mLIF) act in mouse cells via a LIF receptor (LIFR)-glycoprotein 130 (gp130) heterodimer. In contrast, murine OSM (mOSM) signals mainly via an OSM receptor (OSMR)-gp130 heterodimer and binds with only very low affinity to mLIFR. hOSM and mLIF stimulate bone remodeling by both reducing osteocytic sclerostin and up-regulating the pro-osteoclastic factor receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts. In the absence of OSMR, mOSM still strongly suppressed sclerostin and stimulated bone formation but did not induce RANKL, suggesting that intracellular signaling activated by the low affinity interaction of mOSM with mLIFR is different from the downstream effects when mLIF or hOSM interacts with the same receptor. Both STAT1 and STAT3 were activated by mOSM in wild type cells or by mLIF/hOSM in wild type and Osmr-/- cells. In contrast, in Osmr-/- primary osteocyte-like cells stimulated with mOSM (therefore acting through mLIFR), microarray expression profiling and Western blotting analysis identified preferential phosphorylation of STAT3 and induction of its target genes but not of STAT1 and its target genes; this correlated with reduced phosphorylation of both gp130 and LIFR. In a mouse model of spontaneous osteopenia caused by hyperactivation of STAT1/3 signaling downstream of gp130 (gp130Y757F/Y757F), STAT1 deletion rescued the osteopenic phenotype, indicating a beneficial effect of promoting STAT3 signaling over STAT1 downstream of gp130 in this low bone mass condition, and this may have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Walker
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Yifang Hu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Holly J Brennan
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Ingrid J Poulton
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medical Biology, and
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia, and
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Departments of Mathematics and Statistics
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Medical Biology, and
| | - Natalie A Sims
- From the St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia, .,Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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18
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Janus Kinase 1 Is Essential for Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling and Mammary Gland Remodeling. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1673-90. [PMID: 27044867 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00999-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a wealth of knowledge about the significance of individual signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), essential functions of their upstream Janus kinases (JAKs) during postnatal development are less well defined. Using a novel mammary gland-specific JAK1 knockout model, we demonstrate here that this tyrosine kinase is essential for the activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 in the mammary epithelium. The loss of JAK1 uncouples interleukin-6-class ligands from their downstream effector, STAT3, which leads to the decreased expression of STAT3 target genes that are associated with the acute-phase response, inflammation, and wound healing. Consequently, JAK1-deficient mice exhibit impaired apoptosis and a significant delay in mammary gland remodeling. Using RNA sequencing, we identified several new JAK1 target genes that are upregulated during involution. These include Bmf and Bim, which are known regulators of programmed cell death. Using a BMF/BIM-double-knockout epithelial transplant model, we further validated that the synergistic action of these proapoptotic JAK1 targets is obligatory for the remodeling of the mammary epithelium. The collective results of this study suggest that JAK1 has nonredundant roles in the activation of particular STAT proteins and this tyrosine kinase is essential for coupling inflammatory cytokine signals to the cell death machinery in the differentiated mammary epithelium.
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19
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Huang TQ, Willis MS, Meissner G. IL-6/STAT3 signaling in mice with dysfunctional type-2 ryanodine receptor. JAKSTAT 2016; 4:e1158379. [PMID: 27217982 PMCID: PMC4861591 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2016.1158379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with genetically modified cardiac ryanodine receptor (Ryr2ADA/ADA mice) are impaired in regulation by calmodulin, develop severe cardiac hypertrophy and die about 2 weeks after birth. We hypothesized that the interleukin 6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway has a role in the development of the Ryr2ADA/ADA cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, and determined cardiac function and protein levels of IL-6, phosphorylation levels of STAT3, and downstream targets c-Fos and c-Myc in wild-type and RyR2ADA/ADA mice, mice with a disrupted IL-6 gene, and mice treated with STAT3 inhibitor NSC74859. IL-6 protein levels were increased at postnatal day 1 but not day 10, whereas pSTAT3-Tyr705/STAT3 ratio and c-Fos and c-Myc protein levels increased in hearts of 10-day but not 1-day old Ryr2ADA/ADA mice compared with wild type. Both STAT3 and pSTAT3-Tyr705 accumulated in the nuclear fraction of 10-day old Ryr2ADA/ADA mice compared with wild type. Ryr2ADA /ADA /IL-6−/− mice lived 1.5 times longer, had decreased heart to body weight ratio, and reduced c-Fos and c-Myc protein levels. The STAT3 inhibitor NSC74859 prolonged life span by 1.3-fold, decreased heart to body weight ratio, increased cardiac performance, and decreased pSTAT-Tyr705/STAT3 ratio and IL-6, c-Fos and c-Myc protein levels of Ryr2ADA /ADA mice. The results suggest that upregulation of IL-6 and STAT3 signaling contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and early death of mice with a dysfunctional ryanodine receptor. They further suggest that STAT3 inhibitors may be clinically useful agents in patients with altered Ca2+ handling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Qin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics; University of North Carolina ; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of North Carolina ; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Gerhard Meissner
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics; University of North Carolina ; Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Pencik J, Schlederer M, Gruber W, Unger C, Walker SM, Chalaris A, Marié IJ, Hassler MR, Javaheri T, Aksoy O, Blayney JK, Prutsch N, Skucha A, Herac M, Krämer OH, Mazal P, Grebien F, Egger G, Poli V, Mikulits W, Eferl R, Esterbauer H, Kennedy R, Fend F, Scharpf M, Braun M, Perner S, Levy DE, Malcolm T, Turner SD, Haitel A, Susani M, Moazzami A, Rose-John S, Aberger F, Merkel O, Moriggl R, Culig Z, Dolznig H, Kenner L. STAT3 regulated ARF expression suppresses prostate cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26198641 PMCID: PMC4525303 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer in men. Hyperactive STAT3 is thought to be oncogenic in PCa. However, targeting of the IL-6/STAT3 axis in PCa patients has failed to provide therapeutic benefit. Here we show that genetic inactivation of Stat3 or IL-6 signalling in a Pten-deficient PCa mouse model accelerates cancer progression leading to metastasis. Mechanistically, we identify p19ARF as a direct Stat3 target. Loss of Stat3 signalling disrupts the ARF–Mdm2–p53 tumour suppressor axis bypassing senescence. Strikingly, we also identify STAT3 and CDKN2A mutations in primary human PCa. STAT3 and CDKN2A deletions co-occurred with high frequency in PCa metastases. In accordance, loss of STAT3 and p14ARF expression in patient tumours correlates with increased risk of disease recurrence and metastatic PCa. Thus, STAT3 and ARF may be prognostic markers to stratify high from low risk PCa patients. Our findings challenge the current discussion on therapeutic benefit or risk of IL-6/STAT3 inhibition. IL6-STAT3 signaling is activated in prostate cancer, however inhibiting this pathway has not lead to a survival advantage in patients. Here, Pencik et al. show that loss of the IL6-STAT3 axis in mice and humans leads to metastasis due to loss of ARF, unravelling STAT3 and ARF as potential prognostic markers in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pencik
- 1] Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria. [2] Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- 1] Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria [2] Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Gruber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Unger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven M Walker
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK
| | - Athena Chalaris
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabelle J Marié
- 1] Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Melanie R Hassler
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Osman Aksoy
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaine K Blayney
- NI Stratified Medicine Research Group, University of Ulster, BT47 6SB Londonderry, UK
| | - Nicole Prutsch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Skucha
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Herac
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Mazal
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valeria Poli
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology Cologne/Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - David E Levy
- 1] Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA [2] Department of Microbiology and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Tim Malcolm
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Haitel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Susani
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- 1] Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria [2] Unit for Translational Methods in Cancer Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- 1] Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringerstrasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria [2] Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria [3] Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals (UPLA), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation predisposes tissue to cancer development. Individuals afflicted with inflammatory bowel diseases are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer depending on disease severity, duration, and management. The intestinal epithelium exhibits mitochondrial dysfunction during colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat)-3 is a transcription factor involved in growth-promoting and antiapoptotic signaling pathways. In addition to its activities as a transcription factor, Stat3 resides in the mitochondria of cells where it is required for optimal electron transport chain activity and protects against stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The function of mitochondrial Stat3 is not completely understood; dichotomous roles include protecting against cellular injury but also supporting malignant transformation. This review discusses the roles of Stat3 in the regulation of intestinal epithelial cell fate during colitis and colorectal cancer with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and the potential involvement of mitochondrial Stat3 during disease progression.
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Qiu J, Kleineidam A, Gouraud S, Yao ST, Greenwood M, Hoe SZ, Hindmarch C, Murphy D. The use of protein-DNA, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and transcriptome arrays to describe transcriptional circuits in the dehydrated male rat hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4380-90. [PMID: 25144923 PMCID: PMC4256826 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining osmotic stability in mammals through its elaboration of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin. Upon dehydration, the SON undergoes a function-related plasticity, which includes remodeling of morphology, electrical properties, and biosynthetic activity. This process occurs alongside alterations in steady state transcript levels, which might be mediated by changes in the activity of transcription factors. In order to identify which transcription factors might be involved in changing patterns of gene expression, an Affymetrix protein-DNA array analysis was carried out. Nuclear extracts of SON from dehydrated and control male rats were analyzed for binding to the 345 consensus DNA transcription factor binding sequences of the array. Statistical analysis revealed significant changes in binding to 26 consensus elements, of which EMSA confirmed increased binding to signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 1/Stat3, cellular Myelocytomatosis virus-like cellular proto-oncogene (c-Myc)-Myc-associated factor X (Max), and pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor 1 sequences after dehydration. Focusing on c-Myc and Max, we used quantitative PCR to confirm previous transcriptomic analysis that had suggested an increase in c-Myc, but not Max, mRNA levels in the SON after dehydration, and we demonstrated c-Myc- and Max-like immunoreactivities in SON arginine vasopressin-expressing cells. Finally, by comparing new data obtained from Roche-NimbleGen chromatin immunoprecipitation arrays with previously published transcriptomic data, we have identified putative c-Myc target genes whose expression changes in the SON after dehydration. These include known c-Myc targets, such as the Slc7a5 gene, which encodes the L-type amino acid transporter 1, ribosomal protein L24, histone deactylase 2, and the Rat sarcoma proto-oncogene (Ras)-related nuclear GTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- School of Clinical Sciences (J.Q., A.K., S.G., S.T.Y., M.G., C.H., D.M.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology (S.Z.H., C.H., D.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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23
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Glidewell-Kenney CA, Trang C, Shao PP, Gutierrez-Reed N, Uzo-Okereke AM, Coss D, Mellon PL. Neurokinin B induces c-fos transcription via protein kinase C and activation of serum response factor and Elk-1 in immortalized GnRH neurons. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3909-19. [PMID: 25057795 PMCID: PMC4164922 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor, NK3R, were identified in human patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a disorder characterized by lack of puberty and infertility. Further studies have suggested that NKB acts at the level of the hypothalamus to control GnRH neuron activity, either directly or indirectly. We recently reported that treatment with senktide, a NK3R agonist, induced GnRH secretion and expression of c-fos mRNA in GT1-7 cells. Here, we map the responsive region in the murine c-fos promoter to between -400 and -200 bp, identify the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) (-345) and serum response element (-310) sites as required for induction, a modulatory role for the Ets site (-318), and show that induction is protein kinase C dependent. Using gel shift and Gal4 assays, we further show that phosphorylation of Elk-1 leads to binding to DNA in complex with serum response factor at serum response element and Ets sites within the c-fos promoter. Thus, we determine molecular mechanisms involved in NKB regulation of c-fos induction, which may play a role in modulation of GnRH neuron activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Glidewell-Kenney
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and the Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0674
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Kryczek I, Lin Y, Nagarsheth N, Peng D, Zhao L, Zhao E, Vatan L, Szeliga W, Dou Y, Owens S, Zgodzinski W, Majewski M, Wallner G, Fang J, Huang E, Zou W. IL-22(+)CD4(+) T cells promote colorectal cancer stemness via STAT3 transcription factor activation and induction of the methyltransferase DOT1L. Immunity 2014; 40:772-784. [PMID: 24816405 PMCID: PMC4032366 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how the immune system impacts human colorectal cancer invasiveness and stemness. Here we detected interleukin-22 (IL-22) in patient colorectal cancer tissues that was produced predominantly by CD4(+) T cells. In a mouse model, migration of these cells into the colon cancer microenvironment required the chemokine receptor CCR6 and its ligand CCL20. IL-22 acted on cancer cells to promote activation of the transcription factor STAT3 and expression of the histone 3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methytransferase DOT1L. The DOT1L complex induced the core stem cell genes NANOG, SOX2, and Pou5F1, resulting in increased cancer stemness and tumorigenic potential. Furthermore, high DOT1L expression and H3K79me2 in colorectal cancer tissues was a predictor of poor patient survival. Thus, IL-22(+) cells promote colon cancer stemness via regulation of stemness genes that negatively affects patient outcome. Efforts to target this network might be a strategy in treating colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanwei Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Nisha Nagarsheth
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Programs in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dongjun Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wojciech Szeliga
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Witold Zgodzinski
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Marek Majewski
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wallner
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Programs in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Tumor Biology, Univxexrsity of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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STAT3 Target Genes Relevant to Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:897-925. [PMID: 24743777 PMCID: PMC4074809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, the STAT3 transcription factor has been extensively studied for its function as a transcriptional regulator and its role as a mediator of development, normal physiology, and pathology of many diseases, including cancers. These efforts have uncovered an array of genes that can be positively and negatively regulated by STAT3, alone and in cooperation with other transcription factors. Through regulating gene expression, STAT3 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in many cellular processes including oncogenesis, tumor growth and progression, and stemness. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that STAT3 may behave as a tumor suppressor by activating expression of genes known to inhibit tumorigenesis. Additional evidence suggested that STAT3 may elicit opposing effects depending on cellular context and tumor types. These mixed results signify the need for a deeper understanding of STAT3, including its upstream regulators, parallel transcription co-regulators, and downstream target genes. To help facilitate fulfilling this unmet need, this review will be primarily focused on STAT3 downstream target genes that have been validated to associate with tumorigenesis and/or malignant biology of human cancers.
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26
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Selective inhibition of the function of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 with a phosphorylation site-specific intrabody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:6269-74. [PMID: 24733900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316815111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a multifunctional protein that participates in signaling pathways initiated by various growth factors and cytokines. It exists in multiple forms including those phosphorylated on Tyr(705) (pYSTAT3) or Ser(727) (pSSTAT3) as well as the unphosphorylated protein (USTAT3). In addition to the canonical transcriptional regulatory role of pYSTAT3, both USTAT3 and pSSTAT3 function as transcriptional regulators by binding to distinct promoter sites and play signaling roles in the cytosol or mitochondria. The roles of each STAT3 species in different biological processes have not been readily amenable to investigation, however. We have now prepared an intrabody that binds specifically and with high affinity to the tyrosine-phosphorylated site of pYSTAT3. Adenovirus-mediated expression of the intrabody in HepG2 cells as well as mouse liver blocked both the accumulation of pYSTAT3 in the nucleus and the production of acute phase response proteins induced by interleukin-6. Intrabody expression did not affect the overall accumulation of pSSTAT3 induced by interleukin-6 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the PMA-induced expression of the c-Fos gene, or the PMA-induced accumulation of pSSTAT3 specifically in mitochondria. In addition, it had no effect on interleukin-6-induced expression of the gene for IFN regulatory factor 1, a downstream target of STAT1. Our results suggest that the engineered intrabody is able to block specifically the downstream effects of pYSTAT3 without influencing those of pSSTAT3, demonstrating the potential of intrabodies as tools to dissect the cellular functions of specific modified forms of proteins that exist as multiple species.
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27
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Kirchmer MN, Franco A, Albasanz-Puig A, Murray J, Yagi M, Gao L, Dong ZM, Wijelath ES. Modulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype by STAT-1 and STAT-3. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:169-75. [PMID: 24657387 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) de-differentiation is a key step that leads to pathological narrowing of blood vessels. De-differentiation involves a reduction in the expression of the SMC contractile genes that are the hallmark of quiescent SMCs. While there is considerable evidence linking inflammation to vascular diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms by which inflammatory signals lead to SMC de-differentiation. Given that the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) transcriptional factors are the key signaling molecules activated by many inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, the aim of the present study was to determine if STAT transcriptional factors play a role SMC de-differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using shRNA targeted to STAT-1 and STAT-3, we show by real time RT-PCR and Western immunoblots that STAT-1 significantly reduces SMC contractile gene expression. In contrast, STAT-3 promotes expression of SMC contractile genes. Over-expression studies of STAT-1 and STAT-3 confirmed our observation that STAT-1 down-regulates whereas STAT-3 promotes SMC contractile gene expression. Bioinformatics analysis shows that promoters of all SMC contractile genes contain STAT binding sites. Finally, using ChIP analysis, we show that both STAT-1 and STAT-3 associate with the calponin gene. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the balance of STAT-1 and STAT-3 influences the differentiation status of SMCs. Increased levels of STAT-1 promote SMC de-differentiation, whereas high levels of STAT-3 drive SMC into a more mature phenotype. Thus, inhibition of STAT-1 may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention in the control of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Namekata Kirchmer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anais Franco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adaia Albasanz-Puig
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Murray
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mayumi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhao Ming Dong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Errol S Wijelath
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Mathematical model of a telomerase transcriptional regulatory network developed by cell-based screening: analysis of inhibitor effects and telomerase expression mechanisms. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003448. [PMID: 24550717 PMCID: PMC3923661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells depend on transcription of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Many transcription factors affect TERT, though regulation occurs in context of a broader network. Network effects on telomerase regulation have not been investigated, though deeper understanding of TERT transcription requires a systems view. However, control over individual interactions in complex networks is not easily achievable. Mathematical modelling provides an attractive approach for analysis of complex systems and some models may prove useful in systems pharmacology approaches to drug discovery. In this report, we used transfection screening to test interactions among 14 TERT regulatory transcription factors and their respective promoters in ovarian cancer cells. The results were used to generate a network model of TERT transcription and to implement a dynamic Boolean model whose steady states were analysed. Modelled effects of signal transduction inhibitors successfully predicted TERT repression by Src-family inhibitor SU6656 and lack of repression by ERK inhibitor FR180204, results confirmed by RT-QPCR analysis of endogenous TERT expression in treated cells. Modelled effects of GSK3 inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) predicted unstable TERT repression dependent on noise and expression of JUN, corresponding with observations from a previous study. MYC expression is critical in TERT activation in the model, consistent with its well known function in endogenous TERT regulation. Loss of MYC caused complete TERT suppression in our model, substantially rescued only by co-suppression of AR. Interestingly expression was easily rescued under modelled Ets-factor gain of function, as occurs in TERT promoter mutation. RNAi targeting AR, JUN, MXD1, SP3, or TP53, showed that AR suppression does rescue endogenous TERT expression following MYC knockdown in these cells and SP3 or TP53 siRNA also cause partial recovery. The model therefore successfully predicted several aspects of TERT regulation including previously unknown mechanisms. An extrapolation suggests that a dominant stimulatory system may programme TERT for transcriptional stability. Tumour cells acquire the ability to divide and multiply indefinitely whereas normal cells can undergo only a limited number of divisions. The switch to immortalisation of the tumour cell is dependent on maintaining the integrity of telomere DNA which forms chromosome ends and is achieved through activation of the telomerase enzyme by turning on synthesis of the TERT gene, which is usually silenced in normal cells. Suppressing telomerase is toxic to cancer cells and it is widely believed that understanding TERT regulation could lead to potential cancer therapies. Previous studies have identified many of the factors which individually contribute to activate or repress TERT levels in cancer cells. However, transcription factors do not behave in isolation in cells, but rather as a complex co-operative network displaying inter-regulation. Therefore, full understanding of TERT regulation will require a broader view of the transcriptional network. In this paper we take a computational modelling approach to study TERT regulation at the network level. We tested interactions between 14 TERT-regulatory factors in an ovarian cancer cell line using a screening approach and developed a model to analyse which network interventions were able to silence TERT.
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29
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Ng IHW, Jans DA, Bogoyevitch MA. Hyperosmotic stress sustains cytokine-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3, but slows its nuclear trafficking and impairs STAT3-dependent transcription. Cell Signal 2014; 26:815-24. [PMID: 24394455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear retention are hallmarks of a range of pathologies suggesting the importance of STAT3 transcriptional responses in disease progression. Since hyperosmotic stress (HOS) is a hallmark of diseases such as diabetes and asthma, we analysed the impact of HOS on cytokine-stimulated STAT3 signalling. In contrast to transient STAT3 Y705 and S727 phosphorylation in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) stimulated by the interleukin-6 family cytokine, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), under non-stress conditions, HOS induced by sorbitol treatment increased STAT3 S727 but not Y705 phosphorylation. Strikingly, combined LIF+HOS treatment stimulated persistent STAT3 Y705 and S727 phosphorylation and nuclear localisation, but STAT3 nuclear accumulation was slowed during HOS, likely reflecting the mislocalisation of Ran and importin-α3 during HOS that also reduced the nuclear localisation of classical importin-α/β-recognised nuclear import cargoes. Strikingly, combined LIF+HOS exposure, even though stimulating STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation did not elicit a transcriptional output, as demonstrated by qPCR analyses of its target genes SOCS3 and c-Fos. Our analysis thus shows for the first time that HOS can disconnect nuclear, phosphorylated STAT3 from transcriptional outcomes, and emphasizes the importance of assessing STAT3 target gene changes in addition to STAT3 phosphorylation status and localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan H W Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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30
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CTR9, a component of PAF complex, controls elongation block at the c-Fos locus via signal-dependent regulation of chromatin-bound NELF dissociation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61055. [PMID: 23593388 PMCID: PMC3623864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PAF complex (PAFc) is an RNA polymerase II associated factor that controls diverse steps of transcription. Although it is generally associated with actively transcribed genes, a repressive PAFc has also been suggested. Here, we report that PAFc regulates the transition from transcription initiation to transcription elongation. PAFc repressed IL-6-induced, but not TNF-α-induced, immediate early gene expression. PAFc constitutively associated with the 5'-coding region of the c-Fos locus, then transiently dissociated upon IL-6 stimulation. When CTR9, a component of PAFc, was depleted, higher levels of serine 5-phosphorylated or serine 2-phosphorylated forms of RNA Polymerase II were associated with the unstimulated c-Fos locus. We also observed an increased association of CDK9, a kinase component of the pTEF-b elongation factor, with the c-Fos locus in the CTR9-depleted condition. Furthermore, association of negative elongation factor, NELF, which is required to proceed to the elongation phase, was significantly reduced by CTR9 depletion, whereas elongation factor SPT5 recruitment was enhanced by CTR9 depletion. Finally, the chromatin association of CTR9 was specifically controlled by IL-6-induced kinase activity, because a JAK2 kinase inhibitor, AG-490, blocked its association. In conclusion, our data suggest that PAFc controls the recruitment of NELF and SPT5 to target loci in a signal- and locus-specific manner.
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Nkansah E, Shah R, Collie GW, Parkinson GN, Palmer J, Rahman KM, Bui TT, Drake AF, Husby J, Neidle S, Zinzalla G, Thurston DE, Wilderspin AF. Observation of unphosphorylated STAT3 core protein binding to target dsDNA by PEMSA and X-ray crystallography. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:833-9. [PMID: 23434585 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The STAT3 transcription factor plays a central role in a wide range of cancer types where it is over-expressed. Previously, phosphorylation of this protein was thought to be a prerequisite for direct binding to DNA. However, we have now shown complete binding of a purified unphosphorylated STAT3 (uSTAT3) core directly to M67 DNA, the high affinity STAT3 target DNA sequence, by a protein electrophoretic mobility shift assay (PEMSA). Binding to M67 DNA was inhibited by addition of increasing concentrations of a phosphotyrosyl peptide. X-ray crystallography demonstrates one mode of binding that is similar to that known for the STAT3 core phosphorylated at Y705.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Nkansah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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Bhasin M, Huang Z, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, Malek JY, LoGerfo PJ, Contreras M, Guthrie P, Csizmadia E, Andersen N, Kocher O, Ferran C, LoGerfo FW. Temporal network based analysis of cell specific vein graft transcriptome defines key pathways and hub genes in implantation injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39123. [PMID: 22720046 PMCID: PMC3376111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vein graft failure occurs between 1 and 6 months after implantation due to obstructive intimal hyperplasia, related in part to implantation injury. The cell-specific and temporal response of the transcriptome to vein graft implantation injury was determined by transcriptional profiling of laser capture microdissected endothelial cells (EC) and medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) from canine vein grafts, 2 hours (H) to 30 days (D) following surgery. Our results demonstrate a robust genomic response beginning at 2 H, peaking at 12-24 H, declining by 7 D, and resolving by 30 D. Gene ontology and pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes indicated that implantation injury affects inflammatory and immune responses, apoptosis, mitosis, and extracellular matrix reorganization in both cell types. Through backpropagation an integrated network was built, starting with genes differentially expressed at 30 D, followed by adding upstream interactive genes from each prior time-point. This identified significant enrichment of IL-6, IL-8, NF-κB, dendritic cell maturation, glucocorticoid receptor, and Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1) signaling, as well as PPARα activation pathways in graft EC and SMC. Interactive network-based analyses identified IL-6, IL-8, IL-1α, and Insulin Receptor (INSR) as focus hub genes within these pathways. Real-time PCR was used for the validation of two of these genes: IL-6 and IL-8, in addition to Collagen 11A1 (COL11A1), a cornerstone of the backpropagation. In conclusion, these results establish causality relationships clarifying the pathogenesis of vein graft implantation injury, and identifying novel targets for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Bhasin
- Genomics and Proteomics Center, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhen Huang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Junaid Y. Malek
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip J. LoGerfo
- Genomics and Proteomics Center, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick Guthrie
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Andersen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Deptartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Frank W. LoGerfo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Patodia S, Raivich G. Role of transcription factors in peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:8. [PMID: 22363260 PMCID: PMC3277281 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following axotomy, the activation of multiple intracellular signaling cascades causes the expression of a cocktail of regeneration-associated transcription factors which interact with each other to determine the fate of the injured neurons. The nerve injury response is channeled through manifold and parallel pathways, integrating diverse inputs, and controlling a complex transcriptional output. Transcription factors form a vital link in the chain of regeneration, converting injury-induced stress signals into downstream protein expression via gene regulation. They can regulate the intrinsic ability of axons to grow, by controlling expression of whole cassettes of gene targets. In this review, we have investigated the functional roles of a number of different transcription factors - c-Jun, activating transcription factor 3, cAMP response element binding protein, signal transducer, and activator of transcription-3, CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins β and δ, Oct-6, Sox11, p53, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell, and ELK3 - in peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies involving use of conditional mutants, microarrays, promoter region mapping, and different injury paradigms, have enabled us to understand their distinct as well as overlapping roles in achieving anatomical and functional regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Patodia
- Centre for Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair, University College London London, UK
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Leon RL, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Potential age-dependent effects of estrogen on neural injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2450-60. [PMID: 21641373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2000, approximately 10 million women were receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for alleviation of menopausal symptoms. A number of prior animal studies suggested that HRT may be neuroprotective and cardioprotective. Then, in 2003, reports from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) indicated that long-term estrogen/progestin supplementation led to increased incidence of stroke. A second branch of the WHI in women with prior hysterectomy found an even stronger correlation between estrogen supplementation alone and stroke incidence. Follow-up analyses of the data, as well as data from other smaller clinical trials, have also demonstrated increased stroke severity in women receiving HRT or estrogen alone. This review examines the studies indicating that estrogen is neuroprotectant in animal models and explores potential reasons why this may not be true in postmenopausal women. Specifically, age-related differences in estrogen receptors and estrogenic actions in the brain are discussed, with the conclusion that animal models of disease must closely mimic human disease to produce clinically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Leon
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Szczepanek K, Chen Q, Derecka M, Salloum FN, Zhang Q, Szelag M, Cichy J, Kukreja RC, Dulak J, Lesnefsky EJ, Larner AC. Mitochondrial-targeted Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protects against ischemia-induced changes in the electron transport chain and the generation of reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29610-20. [PMID: 21715323 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.226209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the STAT3 transcription factor in the heart is cardioprotective and decreases the levels of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies indicate that a pool of STAT3 resides in the mitochondria where it is necessary for the maximal activity of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain. However, it has not been explored whether mitochondrial STAT3 modulates cardiac function under conditions of stress. Transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of mitochondria-targeted STAT3 with a mutation in the DNA-binding domain (MLS-STAT3E) were generated. We evaluated the role of mitochondrial STAT3 in the preservation of mitochondrial function during ischemia. Under conditions of ischemia heart mitochondria expressing MLS-STAT3E exhibited modest decreases in basal activities of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain. In contrast to WT hearts, complex I-dependent respiratory rates were protected against ischemic damage in MLS-STAT3E hearts. MLS-STAT3E prevented the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol during ischemia. In contrast to WT mitochondria, ischemia did not augment reactive oxygen species production in MLS-STAT3E mitochondria likely due to an MLS-STAT3E-mediated partial blockade of electron transport through complex I. Given the caveat of STAT3 overexpression, these results suggest a novel protective mechanism mediated by mitochondrial STAT3 that is independent of its canonical activity as a nuclear transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Szczepanek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Schiavone D, Avalle L, Dewilde S, Poli V. The immediate early genes Fos and Egr1 become STAT1 transcriptional targets in the absence of STAT3. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2455-60. [PMID: 21723864 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 cross-regulate their activity downstream of gp130 cytokines, and eliminating STAT3 leads to IFN-γ-like responses to IL-6 correlating with prolonged STAT1 phosphorylation. Here we demonstrate that the increased gp130-mediated induction of the IFN-γ-responsive interferon regulatory factor 1 gene observed in STAT3(-/-) cells correlates with prolonged STAT1 binding to its promoter. Intriguingly, gp130-mediated induction of the immediate early genes FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene and early growth response 1 is also prolonged in STAT3(-/-) cells, with STAT1 binding to their promoters. Thus the abrogation of STAT3 expression, perturbing the signaling balance, directs the STAT1 oncosuppressor to transcribe new target genes, known to drive mitogen responses and tumor transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Schiavone
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Caldow MK, Steinberg GR, Cameron-Smith D. Impact of SOCS3 overexpression on human skeletal muscle development in vitro. Cytokine 2011; 55:104-9. [PMID: 21478033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade has been identified as a crucial factor for myogenesis. The STAT3 isoform is essential for satellite cell migration and myogenic differentiation as it mediates the expression of muscle specific myogenic factors. The SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) family of proteins down-regulates STAT activation. Primary human skeletal muscle cells were isolated and cultured to investigate the effect of SOCS3 adenoviral overexpression on myotube maturation. It was demonstrated that STAT3 inhibition did not influence myotube development or survival. Moreover, SOCS3 overexpression enhances the mRNA expression of downstream targets of STAT3, c-FOS and VEGF. These increases were correlated with enhanced mRNA expression of genes associated with muscle maturation and hypertrophy. Thus SOCS3 influences myoblast differentiation and SOCS3 may be significant in regulating the activity of genes previously identified as transcriptionally regulated by STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K Caldow
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
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Cheon H, Yang J, Stark GR. The functions of signal transducers and activators of transcriptions 1 and 3 as cytokine-inducible proteins. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 31:33-40. [PMID: 21166594 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 genes are specifically activated by phosphorylated STATs 1 and 3, respectively, resulting in large and prolonged increases in the levels of unphosphorylated STATs (U-STATs) in response to interferons (for STAT1) or ligands that activate gp130, such as IL-6 (for STAT3). U-STATs 1 and 3 are transcription factors that drive gene expression by mechanisms distinct from those used by phosphorylated STATs. U-STAT3 drives expression of many proteins not induced by phospho-STAT3, including several that are important in tumorigenesis. U-STAT1 prolongs and increases expression of a subset of proteins induced initially in response to phospho-STAT1, leading to antiviral and immune responses that are long-lived. U-STAT1 levels are also high in some cancers, and the protein products of genes induced by U-STAT1 enhance resistance to DNA damage. Therefore, interferons not only drive short-term expression of proteins that inhibit growth and promote apoptosis and immune surveillance, but also promote long-term expression of proteins that facilitate tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjoo Cheon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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He H, Ping F. The SIE, SRE, CRE, and FAP-1 four intracellular signal pathways between stimulus and the expression of c-fos promoter. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:764-8. [PMID: 19199340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
c-fos gene has a close relationship with the osteoblasts. Mechanical signal effect on osteoblasts would change the expression level of c-fos. Authors introduce the signal pathways of four cis-response elements on the promoter of c-fos, that is, CRE (cAMP responsive element), FAP-1 (Fbs-AP-1 site), SRE (serum response element), and SIE (sis-inducible element), as the regulatory mechanism for c-fos gene expression following various stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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40
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STAT3 deletion sensitizes cells to oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:324-9. [PMID: 19450559 PMCID: PMC2706948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a role in promoting apoptotic cell death, whereas the related STAT3 transcription factor protects cardiac myocytes from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury or oxidative stress. Cytokines belonging to the IL-6 family activate the JAK-STAT3 pathway, but also activate other cytoprotective pathways such as the MAPK-ERK or the PI3-AKT pathway. It is therefore unclear whether STAT3 is the only cytoprotective mediator against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Overexpression of STAT3 in primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) protects against I/R-induced cell death. Moreover, a dominant negative STAT3 adenovirus (Ad ST3-DN) enhanced apoptotic cell death (81.2+/-6.9%) compared to control infected NRVM (46.0+/-3.1%) following I/R. Depletion of STAT3 sensitized cells to apoptotic cell death following oxidative stress. These results provide direct evidence for the role of STAT3 as a cytoprotective transcription factor in cells exposed to oxidative stress.
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Interleukin-6 induces proinflammatory signaling in Schwann cells: A high-throughput analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:410-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Genome-wide discovery of functional transcription factor binding sites by comparative genomics: the case of Stat3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:5117-22. [PMID: 19282476 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900473106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of direct targets of transcription factors is a key problem in the study of gene regulatory networks. However, the use of high throughput experimental methods, such as ChIP-chip and ChIP-sequencing, is limited by their high cost and strong dependence on cellular type and context. We developed a computational method for the genome-wide identification of functional transcription factor binding sites based on positional weight matrices, comparative genomics, and gene expression profiling. The method was applied to Stat3, a transcription factor playing crucial roles in inflammation, immunity and oncogenesis, and able to induce distinct subsets of target genes in different cell types or conditions. A newly generated positional weight matrix enabled us to assign affinity scores of high specificity, as measured by EMSA competition assays. Phylogenetic conservation with 7 vertebrate species was used to select the binding sites most likely to be functional. Validation was carried out on predicted sites within genes identified as differentially expressed in the presence or absence of Stat3 by microarray analysis. Twelve of the fourteen sites tested were bound by Stat3 in vivo, as assessed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, allowing us to identify 9 Stat3 transcriptional targets. Given its high validation rate, and the availability of large transcription factor-dependent gene expression datasets obtained under diverse experimental conditions, our approach appears to be a valid alternative to high-throughput experimental assays for the discovery of novel direct targets of transcription factors.
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Lo HW, Cao X, Zhu H, Ali-Osman F. Constitutively activated STAT3 frequently coexpresses with epidermal growth factor receptor in high-grade gliomas and targeting STAT3 sensitizes them to Iressa and alkylators. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6042-54. [PMID: 18829483 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goals of this study are to elucidate the relationship of the oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) with glioma aggressiveness and to understand the role of high STAT3 activity in the resistance of malignant gliomas and medulloblastomas to chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunohistochemical staining and biochemical methods were used to examine the extent of STAT3 activation and EGFR expression in primary specimens and cell lines, respectively. Cellular response to drug treatments was determined using cell cytotoxicity and clonogenic growth assays. RESULTS We found STAT3 to be constitutively activated in 60% of primary high-grade/malignant gliomas and the extent of activation correlated positively with glioma grade. High levels of activated/phosphorylated STAT3 were also present in cultured human malignant glioma and medulloblastoma cells. Three STAT3-activating kinases, Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2), EGFR, and EGFRvIII, contributed to STAT3 activation. An inhibitor to JAK2/STAT3, JSI-124, significantly reduced expression of STAT3 target genes, suppressed cancer cell growth, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that STAT3 constitutive activation coexisted with EGFR expression in 27.2% of primary high-grade/malignant gliomas and such coexpression correlated positively with glioma grade. Combination of an anti-EGFR agent Iressa and a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor synergistically suppressed STAT3 activation and potently killed glioblastoma cell lines that expressed EGFR or EGFRvIII. JSI-124 also sensitized malignant glioma and medulloblastoma cells to temozolomide, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and cisplatin in which a synergism existed between JSI-124 and cisplatin. CONCLUSION STAT3 constitutive activation, alone and in concurrence with EGFR expression, plays an important role in high-grade/malignant gliomas and targeting STAT3/JAK2 sensitizes these tumors to anti-EGFR and alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Surgery, Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Castillo-Alemán R. Characterization of the transduction pathway involved in c-fos and c-jun expression induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharides in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1513-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hou T, Ray S, Lee C, Brasier AR. The STAT3 NH2-terminal domain stabilizes enhanceosome assembly by interacting with the p300 bromodomain. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:30725-34. [PMID: 18782771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805941200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a latent transcription factor mainly activated by the interleukin-6 cytokine family. Previous studies have shown that activated STAT3 recruits p300, a coactivator whose intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity is essential for transcription. Here we investigated the function of the STAT3 NH(2)-terminal domain and how its interaction with p300 regulates STAT3 signal transduction. In STAT3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, a stably expressed NH(2) terminus-deficient STAT3 mutant (STAT3-DeltaN) was unable to efficiently induce either STAT3-mediated reporter activity or endogenous mRNA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine whether the NH(2)-terminal domain regulates p300 recruitment or stabilizes enhanceosome assembly. Despite equivalent levels of STAT3 binding, cells expressing the STAT3-DeltaN mutant were unable to recruit p300 and RNA polymerase II to the native socs3 promoter as efficiently as those expressing STAT3-full length. We previously reported that the STAT3 NH(2)-terminal domain is acetylated by p300 at Lys-49 and Lys-87. By introducing K49R/K87R mutations, here we found that the acetylation status of the STAT3 NH(2)-terminal domain regulates its interaction with p300. In addition, the STAT3 NH(2)-terminal binding site maps to the p300 bromodomain, a region spanning from amino acids 995 to 1255. Finally a p300 mutant lacking the bromodomain (p300-DeltaB) exhibited a weaker binding to STAT3, and the enhanceosome formation on the socs3 promoter was inhibited when p300-DeltaB was overexpressed. Taken together, our data suggest that the STAT3 NH(2)-terminal domain plays an important role in the interleukin-6 signaling pathway by interacting with the p300 bromodomain, thereby stabilizing enhanceosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1060, USA
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Abstract
The seven members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors are activated in response to many different cytokines and growth factors by phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues. The STAT1 and STAT3 genes are specific targets of activated STATs 1 and 3, respectively, resulting in large increases in the levels of these unphosphorylated STATs (U-STATs) in response to the interferons (STAT1) or ligands that active gp130, such as IL-6 (STAT3). U-STATs drive gene expression by novel mechanisms distinct from those used by phosphorylated STAT (P-STAT) dimers. In this review, we discuss the roles of U-STATs in transcription and regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Yang
- School of Biological Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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47
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Zhang HQ, Haga S, Fukai M, Oikawa Y, Inoue H, Ogawa W, Kano A, Maruyama A, Fu XY, Todo S, Enosawa S, Ozaki M. Identification of de novo STAT3 target gene in liver regeneration. Hepatol Res 2008; 38:374-84. [PMID: 18021230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2007.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The process of liver regeneration is regulated by complex mechanisms. Although signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), a transcription factor which targets mainly mitotic genes, definitely plays an important role in liver regeneration, the exact roles of STAT3 are not completely understood. AIM In this report, we tried to search for a new target of STAT3 involved in liver regeneration in mice. METHODS We generated liver-specific STAT3 knockout (L-S3KO) mice and a STAT3 knockout cell line of mouse origin. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we screened 12 genes to which STAT3 binds after partial hepatectomy (PH). Of these genes, we analyzed the S3-IE3 clone that is located on chromosome-3 and possesses STAT3 binding sites in it. RESULTS We showed that STAT3 binds to a specific site on S3-IE3, and that interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates its transcriptional activity. The mRNA and protein levels of the net gene, which is located downstream of S3-IE3, were negatively regulated in the control cells, but not in the STAT3 knockout cells after IL-6 stimulation. Similarly in in vivo mouse PH, the mRNA and protein levels of net were also negatively regulated after PH, but not in L-S3KO mice. CONCLUSION The net gene is located downstream of a newly-recognized STAT3 binding site (S3-IE3) and negatively regulated after IL-6 stimulation and PH, although its role is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Zhang
- Department of Innovative Surgery, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, and Japan Association for the Advancement of Medical Equipment, Tokyo, Japan
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Miao T, Wu D, Zhang Y, Bo X, Xiao F, Zhang X, Magoulas C, Subang MC, Wang P, Richardson PM. SOCS3 suppresses AP-1 transcriptional activity in neuroblastoma cells through inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 37:367-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Crif1 is a novel transcriptional coactivator of STAT3. EMBO J 2008; 27:642-53. [PMID: 18200042 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcriptional factor that performs a broad spectrum of biological functions in response to various stimuli. However, no specific coactivator that regulates the transcriptional activity of STAT3 has been identified. Here we report that CR6-interacting factor 1 (Crif1) is a specific transcriptional coactivator of STAT3, but not of STAT1 or STAT5a. Crif1 interacts with STAT3 and positively regulates its transcriptional activity. Crif1-/- embryos were lethal around embryonic day 6.5, and manifested developmental arrest accompanied with defective proliferation and massive apoptosis. The expression of STAT3 target genes was markedly reduced in a Crif1-/- blastocyst culture and in Oncostatin M-stimulated Crif1-deficient MEFs. Importantly, the key activities of constitutively active STAT3-C, such as transcription, DNA binding, and cellular transformation, were abolished in the Crif1-null MEFs, suggesting the essential role of Crif1 in the transcriptional activity of STAT3. Our results reveal that Crif1 is a novel and essential transcriptional coactivator of STAT3 that modulates its DNA binding ability, and shed light on the regulation of oncogenic STAT3.
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Kurdi M, Booz GW. Can the protective actions of JAK-STAT in the heart be exploited therapeutically? Parsing the regulation of interleukin-6-type cytokine signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 50:126-41. [PMID: 17703129 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318068dd49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 is a defining feature of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, which include IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and cardiotrophin-1. These cytokines, as well as STAT3 activation, have been shown to be protective for cardiac myocytes and necessary for ischemia preconditioning. However, the mechanisms that regulate IL-6-type cytokine signaling in cardiac myocytes are largely unexplored. We propose that the protective character of IL-6-type cytokine signaling in cardiac myocytes is determined principally by three mechanisms: redox status of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 1 (JAK) 1 that activates STAT3, phosphorylation of STAT3 within the transcriptional activation domain on serine 727, and STAT3-mediated induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 that terminates IL-6-type cytokine signaling. Moreover, we hypothesize that hyperactivation of the JAK kinases, particularly JAK2, mismatched STAT3 serine-tyrosine phosphorylation or heightened STAT3 transcriptional activity, and SOCS3 induction may ultimately prove detrimental. Here we summarize recent evidence that supports this hypothesis, as well as additional possible mechanisms of JAK-STAT regulation. Understanding how IL-6-type cytokine signaling is regulated in cardiac myocytes has great significance for exploiting the therapeutic potential of these cytokines and the phenomenon of preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurdi
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 76504, USA
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