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Harmon RM, Ayers JL, McCarthy EF, Kowalczyk AP, Green KJ, Simpson CL. Pumping the Breaks on Acantholytic Skin Disorders: Targeting Calcium Pumps, Desmosomes, and Downstream Signaling in Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01925-0. [PMID: 39207315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.06.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Acantholytic skin disorders, by definition, compromise intercellular adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes. The root cause of blistering in these diseases traces back to direct disruption of adhesive cell-cell junctions, exemplified by autoantibody-mediated attack on desmosomes in pemphigus. However, genetic acantholytic disorders originate from more indirect mechanisms. Darier disease and Hailey-Hailey disease arise from mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, SERCA2, and the Golgi calcium/manganese pump, SPCA1, respectively. Though the disease-causing mutations have been known for nearly 25 years, the mechanistic linkage between dysregulation of intracellular ion stores and weakening of cell-cell junctions at the plasma membrane remains puzzling. The molecular underpinnings of a related idiopathic disorder, Grover disease, are even less understood. Due to an incomplete understanding of acantholytic pathology at the molecular level, these disorders lack proven, targeted treatment options, leaving patients with the significant physical and psychological burdens of chronic skin blistering, infections, and pain. This article aims to review what is known at the molecular, cellular, and clinical levels regarding these under-studied disorders and to highlight knowledge gaps and promising ongoing research. Armed with this knowledge, our goal is to aid investigators in defining essential questions about disease pathogenesis and to accelerate progress toward novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Jessica L Ayers
- Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease PhD Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin F McCarthy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cory L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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2
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Atzmony L, Zagairy F, Mawassi B, Shehade M, Tatour Y, Danial-Farran N, Khayat M, Warrour N, Dodiuk-Gad R, Cohen-Barak E. Persistent Cutaneous Lesions of Darier Disease and Second-Hit Somatic Variants in ATP2A2 Gene. JAMA Dermatol 2024; 160:518-524. [PMID: 38536168 PMCID: PMC10974685 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Importance Darier disease (DD) is a rare genetic skin disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the ATP2A2 gene. Clinical manifestations include recurrent hyperkeratotic papules and plaques that occur mainly in seborrheic areas. Although some of the lesions wax and wane in response to environmental factors, others are severe and respond poorly to therapy. Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the persistency of skin lesions in DD. Design, Setting, and Participants In this case series, DNA was extracted from unaffected skin, transient and persistent lesional skin, and blood from 9 patients with DD. Genetic analysis was used using paired-whole exome sequencing of affected skin and blood or by deep sequencing of ATP2A2 of affected skin. Chromosomal microarray analysis was used to reveal copy number variants and loss of heterozygosity. All variants were validated by Sanger sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interventions or Exposures Paired whole-exome sequencing and deep sequencing of ATP2A2 gene from blood and skin samples isolated from persistent, transient lesions and unaffected skin in patients with DD. Main Outcomes and Measures Germline and somatic genomic characteristics of persistent and transient cutaneous lesions in DD. Results Of 9 patients with DD, all had heterozygous pathogenic germline variants in the ATP2A2 gene, 6 were female. Participant age ranged from 40 to 69 years on enrollment. All 11 persistent skin lesions were associated with second-hit somatic variants in the ATP2A2 gene. The somatic variants were classified as highly deleterious via combined annotation-dependent depletion (CADD) scores or affect splicing, and 3 of them had been previously described in patients with DD and acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf. Second-hit variants in the ATP2A2 gene were not identified in the transient lesions (n = 2) or the normal skin (n = 2). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, persistent DD lesions were associated with the presence of second-hit somatic variants in the ATP2A2 gene. Identification of these second-hit variants offers valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the lasting nature of persistent DD lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Atzmony
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fadia Zagairy
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Banan Mawassi
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Majd Shehade
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yasmin Tatour
- The Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Morad Khayat
- The Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Nassim Warrour
- The Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Roni Dodiuk-Gad
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Roth-Carter QR, Burks HE, Ren Z, Koetsier JL, Tsoi LC, Harms PW, Xing X, Kirma J, Harmon RM, Godsel LM, Perl AL, Gudjonsson JE, Green KJ. Transcriptional profiling of rare acantholytic disorders suggests common mechanisms of pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168955. [PMID: 37471166 PMCID: PMC10543711 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases are rare acantholytic skin diseases. While these diseases have different underlying causes, they share defects in cell-cell adhesion in the epidermis and desmosome organization. To better understand the underlying mechanisms leading to disease in these conditions, we performed RNA-seq on lesional skin samples from patients. The transcriptomic profiles of Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases were found to share a remarkable overlap, which did not extend to other common inflammatory skin diseases. Analysis of enriched pathways showed a shared increase in keratinocyte differentiation, and a decrease in cell adhesion and actin organization pathways in Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases. Direct comparison to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis showed that the downregulation in actin organization pathways was a unique feature in the acantholytic skin diseases. Furthermore, upstream regulator analysis suggested that a decrease in SRF/MRTF activity was responsible for the downregulation of actin organization pathways. Staining for MRTFA in lesional skin samples showed a decrease in nuclear MRTFA in patient skin compared with normal skin. These findings highlight the significant level of similarity in the transcriptome of Darier, Hailey-Hailey, and Grover diseases, and identify decreases in actin organization pathways as a unique signature present in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziyou Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa M. Godsel
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Ambur A, Zaidi A, Dunn C, Nathoo R. Impaired Calcium Signaling and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Darier Disease: An Exploratory Review. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1302-1310. [PMID: 35801378 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Darier (Darier-White) disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the ATP2A2 gene which encodes a calcium ATPase in the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2). Defects in the SERCA2 protein leads to an impairment of cellular calcium homeostasis, which in turn, triggers cell death pathways. There is a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients affected by this condition, namely intellectual disability, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and suicidality. Though these associations have been well-documented over the years, little has been discussed or investigated regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms. The goal of this article is to review the literature related to the most commonly associated neuropsychiatric disorders found in patients with DD, highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying each condition, and examine potential interventions that may be of interest for future development. A literature search was performed using PubMed to access and review relevant articles published in the last 40 years. Keywords searched included Darier disease neuropsychiatric, Darier disease pathophysiology, SERCA2 central nervous system, SERCA 2 skin, ATP2A2 central nervous system, ATP2A2 skin, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling skin, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling central nervous system, P2X7 receptor skin, and P2X7 receptor central nervous system. Our search resulted in 2,692 articles, of which 61 articles were ultimately included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Ambur
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University
| | - Asma Zaidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University
| | - Charles Dunn
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University
| | - Rajiv Nathoo
- Department of Dermatology, Kansas City University
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5
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Zhang W, Ye F, Chen S, Peng J, Pang N, Yin F. Splicing Interruption by Intron Variants in CSNK2B Causes Poirier–Bienvenu Neurodevelopmental Syndrome: A Focus on Genotype–Phenotype Correlations. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:892768. [PMID: 35774559 PMCID: PMC9237577 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.892768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CSNK2B has recently been identified as the causative gene for Poirier–Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome (POBINDS). POBINDS is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset epilepsy, developmental delay, hypotonia, and dysmorphism. Limited by the scarcity of patients, the genotype–phenotype correlations in POBINDS are still unclear. In the present study, we describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of eight individuals with POBINDS, most of whom suffered developmental delay, generalized epilepsy, and hypotonia. Minigene experiments confirmed that two intron variants (c.367+5G>A and c.367+6T>C) resulted in the skipping of exon 5, leading to a premature termination of mRNA transcription. Combining our data with the available literature, the types of POBINDS-causing variants included missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splicing, but the variant types do not reflect the clinical severity. Reduced casein kinase 2 holoenzyme activity may represent a unifying pathogenesis. We also found that individuals with missense variants in the zinc finger domain had manageable seizures (p = 0.009) and milder intellectual disability (p = 0.003) than those with missense variants in other domains of CSNK2B. This is the first study of genotype–phenotype correlations in POBINDS, drawing attention to the pathogenicity of intron variants and expanding the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanghua Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shimeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Pang,
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Fei Yin,
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6
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Zhang W, Ye F, Pang N, Kessi M, Xiong J, Chen S, Peng J, Yang L, Yin F. Restoration of Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase Activity Functions as a Pivotal Therapeutic Target of Anti-Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity to Attenuate Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Depletion. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877175. [PMID: 35517826 PMCID: PMC9065279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is a pathological basis of many acute/chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2b) is a membrane-embedded P-type ATPase pump that manages the translocation of calcium ions (Ca2+) from cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores. It participates in a wide range of biological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of SERCA2b in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and its mechanism must be elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that SERCA2b mutants exacerbate the excitotoxicity of hypo-glutamate stimulation on HT22 cells. In this study, SERCA2b mutants accelerated Ca2+ depletion through loss-of-function (reduced pumping capacity) or gain-of-function (acquired leakage), resulting in ER stress. In addition, the occurrence of ER Ca2+ depletion increased mitochondria-associated membrane formation, which led to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and dysfunction. Moreover, the enhancement of SERCA2b pumping capacity or inhibition of Ca2+ leakage attenuated Ca2+ depletion and impeded excitotoxicity in response to hypo-glutamate stimulation. In conclusion, SERCA2b mutants exacerbate ER Ca2+-depletion-mediated excitotoxicity in glutamate-sensitive HT22 cells. The mechanism of disruption is mainly related to the heterogeneity of SERCA2b mutation sites. Stabilization of SRECA2b function is a critical therapeutic approach against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. These data will expand understanding of organelle regulatory networks and facilitate the discovery and creation of drugs against excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanghua Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miriam Kessi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shimeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Pediatrics, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Children Neurodevelopmental Disabilities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Chen CC, Chen BR, Wang Y, Curman P, Beilinson HA, Brecht RM, Liu CC, Farrell RJ, de Juan-Sanz J, Charbonnier LM, Kajimura S, Ryan TA, Schatz DG, Chatila TA, Wikstrom JD, Tyler JK, Sleckman BP. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity is required for V(D)J recombination. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212182. [PMID: 34033676 PMCID: PMC8155808 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screen identified ATP2A2, the gene encoding the Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 2 protein, as being important for V(D)J recombination. SERCAs are ER transmembrane proteins that pump Ca2+ from the cytosol into the ER lumen to maintain the ER Ca2+ reservoir and regulate cytosolic Ca2+-dependent processes. In preB cells, loss of SERCA2 leads to reduced V(D)J recombination kinetics due to diminished RAG-mediated DNA cleavage. SERCA2 deficiency in B cells leads to increased expression of SERCA3, and combined loss of SERCA2 and SERCA3 results in decreased ER Ca2+ levels, increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, reduction in RAG1 and RAG2 gene expression, and a profound block in V(D)J recombination. Mice with B cells deficient in SERCA2 and humans with Darier disease, caused by heterozygous ATP2A2 mutations, have reduced numbers of mature B cells. We conclude that SERCA proteins modulate intracellular Ca2+ levels to regulate RAG1 and RAG2 gene expression and V(D)J recombination and that defects in SERCA functions cause lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Bo-Ruei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Philip Curman
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermato-Venereology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ryan M Brecht
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Catherine C Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ryan J Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,David Rockefeller Graduate Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Shingo Kajimura
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy A Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - David G Schatz
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jakob D Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermato-Venereology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Barry P Sleckman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
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8
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Yeshurun A, Ziv M, Cohen-Barak E, Vered S, Rozenman D, Sah M, Khayat M, Polyakov O, Amichai B, Zlotogorski A, Shalev S, Dodiuk-Gad RP. An Update on the Cutaneous Manifestations of Darier Disease. J Cutan Med Surg 2021; 25:498-503. [PMID: 33715454 DOI: 10.1177/1203475421999331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the clinical features of Darier disease, an orphan autosomal-dominant genetic disorder, is sparse and has been evaluated only in few studies. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical features of a large group of patients with Darier disease, and to explore for associations between disease characteristics and severity of the disease. METHODS Seventy-six individuals with Darier disease were evaluated utilizing a structured questionnaire-based interview, a physical examination, and a retrospective assessment of their medical records. RESULTS The most frequent locations of lesions were hands (99%) and fingernails (93%). Wart-like lesions on the hands were more visible after soaking them in water for 5 minutes, we therefore named this phenomenon the "wet hand sign". Oral involvement was found in 43% of patients, while 48% of women and 16% of men showed genital lesions. Patients with severe Darier disease had a tenfold greater risk of developing genital lesions than those with mild disease (P = .01). Most patients (88%) in our study exhibited a combination of the four types of the disease patterns of distribution (flexural, seborrheic, nevoid, and acral). CONCLUSIONS Documentation of disease on the hands and fingernails provides a highly sensitive means to aid in the diagnosis of Darier disease. It is important to evaluate mucosal lesions including genital and oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algit Yeshurun
- 26747 Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,61172 Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Michael Ziv
- 26747 Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,61172 Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Eran Cohen-Barak
- 26747 Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,61172 Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Shiraz Vered
- 26748 Department of Statistics, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dganit Rozenman
- 26747 Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,61172 Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Muhammad Sah
- 61172 Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Morad Khayat
- Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Boaz Amichai
- 37253 Dermatology Unit, Meir Medical Center & Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University
| | - Abraham Zlotogorski
- 58884 Department of Dermatology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stavit Shalev
- 26747 Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Roni P Dodiuk-Gad
- 26747 Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.,61172 Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Wagoner JA, Dill KA. Opposing Pressures of Speed and Efficiency Guide the Evolution of Molecular Machines. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 36:2813-2822. [PMID: 31432071 PMCID: PMC6878954 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biomolecular machines need to be both fast and efficient. How has evolution optimized these machines along the tradeoff between speed and efficiency? We explore this question using optimizable dynamical models along coordinates that are plausible evolutionary degrees of freedom. Data on 11 motors and ion pumps are consistent with the hypothesis that evolution seeks an optimal balance of speed and efficiency, where any further small increase in one of these quantities would come at great expense to the other. For FoF1-ATPases in different species, we also find apparent optimization of the number of subunits in the c-ring, which determines the number of protons pumped per ATP synthesized. Interestingly, these ATPases appear to more optimized for efficiency than for speed, which can be rationalized through their key role as energy transducers in biology. The present modeling shows how the dynamical performance properties of biomolecular motors and pumps may have evolved to suit their corresponding biological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wagoner
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ken A Dill
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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10
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Britzolaki A, Saurine J, Klocke B, Pitychoutis PM. A Role for SERCA Pumps in the Neurobiology of Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:131-161. [PMID: 31646509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a fundamental regulator of cell fate and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is crucial for proper function of the nerve cells. Given the complexity of neurons, a constellation of mechanisms finely tunes the intracellular Ca2+ signaling. We are focusing on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pump, an integral ER protein. SERCA's well established role is to preserve low cytosolic Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]cyt), by pumping free Ca2+ ions into the ER lumen, utilizing ATP hydrolysis. The SERCA pumps are encoded by three distinct genes, SERCA1-3, resulting in 12 known protein isoforms, with tissue-dependent expression patterns. Despite the well-established structure and function of the SERCA pumps, their role in the central nervous system is not clear yet. Interestingly, SERCA-mediated Ca2+ dyshomeostasis has been associated with neuropathological conditions, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We summarize here current evidence suggesting a role for SERCA in the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, thus highlighting the importance of this pump in brain physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Britzolaki
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Saurine
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Klocke
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Pothitos M Pitychoutis
- Department of Biology & Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND), University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
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11
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Darier disease: first molecular study of a Portuguese family. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02520. [PMID: 31687605 PMCID: PMC6819764 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Darier disease (DD) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by skin lesions. Additionally, a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms is frequently reported in DD patients. This genodermatosis relies on mutations in the ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2 (ATP2A2) gene, which encodes an ATPase responsible for pumping Ca2+ from the cytosol to the lumen of the ER. Objective Herein we studied the molecular aspect of a two-generation Portuguese family with DD history with clinical variability. Methods All exons and intron-exon borders of genomic ATP2A2, as well as coding ATP2A2, were sequenced. Relative levels of SERCA2 mRNA and protein were quantified by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Results The c.1287+1G > T variant was identified in all affected individuals, whereas the unaffected individual was shown to carry the wild-type ATP2A2 sequence in both alleles. This variant leads to the skipping of full exon 10, which consequently generates a frameshift originating a premature STOP codon in exon 11 (p.V395 = fs*19). Although the mutant mRNA seems to partially escape degradation, results suggest synthesis inhibition or immediate degradation of the mutant protein. Neuropsychiatric and other occurrences affecting certain patients are also reported. Conclusion This is the first study of DD in Portugal, the variant identified, previously described in a single Japanese patient, may be considered a pathogenic mutation, and haploinsufficiency the mechanism underlying DD pathology in these patients. This study also highlights the co-occurrence of neuropsychiatric features in DD.
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12
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Functional role of highly conserved residues of the N-terminal tail and first transmembrane segment of a P4-ATPase. Biochem J 2018; 475:887-899. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The P4 family of P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) plays an important role in maintaining phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Leishmania miltefosine transporter (LMT) is a plasma membrane (PM) P4-ATPase that catalyses translocation into the parasite of the leishmanicidal drug miltefosine as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine analogues. In the present study, we analysed the role, in LMT, of a series of highly conserved amino acids previously undescribed in the N-terminal region of P4-ATPases. Seven residues were identified and, according to an LMT structural model, five were located in the cytosolic N-terminal tail (Asn58, Ile60, Lys64, Tyr65 and Phe70) and the other two (Pro72 and Phe79) in the first transmembrane segment (TM1). Alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis showed that N58A, Y65A and F79A mutations caused a considerable reduction in the LMT translocase activity. These mutations did not affect protein expression levels. We generated additional mutations in these three residues to assess the influence of the conservation degree on LMT translocase activity. Some of these mutations reduced expression levels without affecting the interaction between LMT and its CDC50 subunit, LRos3. Conserved and non-conserved mutations in the invariant residue Asn58 drastically reduced the translocase activity. Consequently, Asn58 may be necessary to achieve optimal catalytic LMT activity as previously described for the potentially equivalent Asn39 of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1a (SERCA1a). Additionally, conservation of a hydrophobic residue at position 79 is crucial for LMT stability.
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13
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Mäki-Marttunen T, Lines GT, Edwards AG, Tveito A, Dale AM, Einevoll GT, Andreassen OA. Pleiotropic effects of schizophrenia-associated genetic variants in neuron firing and cardiac pacemaking revealed by computational modeling. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:5. [PMID: 30446648 PMCID: PMC5802468 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients have an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction. A possible factor underlying this comorbidity are the common variants in the large set of genes that have recently been discovered in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) as risk genes of schizophrenia. Many of these genes control the cell electrogenesis and calcium homeostasis. We applied biophysically detailed models of layer V pyramidal cells and sinoatrial node cells to study the contribution of schizophrenia-associated genes on cellular excitability. By including data from functional genomics literature to simulate the effects of common variants of these genes, we showed that variants of voltage-gated Na+ channel or hyperpolarization-activated cation channel-encoding genes cause qualitatively similar effects on layer V pyramidal cell and sinoatrial node cell excitability. By contrast, variants of Ca2+ channel or transporter-encoding genes mostly have opposite effects on cellular excitability in the two cell types. We also show that the variants may crucially affect the propagation of the cardiac action potential in the sinus node. These results may help explain some of the cardiac comorbidity in schizophrenia, and may facilitate generation of effective antipsychotic medications without cardiac side-effects such as arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Simula Research Laboratory and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Glenn T. Lines
- Simula Research Laboratory and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew G. Edwards
- Simula Research Laboratory and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aslak Tveito
- Simula Research Laboratory and Center for Cardiological Innovation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Dale
- 0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,0000 0001 2107 4242grid.266100.3Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Gaute T. Einevoll
- 0000 0004 0607 975Xgrid.19477.3cDepartment of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Leong IUS, Stuckey A, Ahanian T, Cederlöf M, Wikstrom JD. Novel mutations in Darier disease and association to self-reported disease severity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186356. [PMID: 29028823 PMCID: PMC5640244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Darier disease is a rare and severe autosomal dominant skin disease characterised by malodorous keratotic papules in seborrheic areas of the skin. Darier disease affects up to 1 in 30 000 people and is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, which encodes to the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoform 2 that pumps calcium into the endoplasmic reticulum. Although many ATP2A2 variants have been described, it is not known if genotype correlates with phenotype, which could be important for prognosis and treatment. This is the first study to use whole exome sequencing to screen the ATP2A2 gene in a cohort of 28 clinically diagnosed Darier disease patients. Twenty-one different disease causing variants were identified and 15 of these were novel. Sixteen of the 21 variants were predicted to be pathogenic using in silico prediction programs. There were seven missense, four intronic/splice-sites, three frameshifts, two in-frame deletions, four nonsense and one synonymous mutations. This study also found ten patients who harbour more than one ATP2A2 variant. The phenotype of the patient cohort was assessed by photography and by patient questionnaires. The genotype-phenotype association was examined for all variants in relation to the patient's disease severity score, and no correlation could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone U. S. Leong
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Stuckey
- Division of Gene Technology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara Ahanian
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cederlöf
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D. Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ronan A, Ingrey A, Murray N, Chee P. Recurrent ATP2A2 p.(Pro602Leu) mutation differentiates Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf from the allelic condition Darier disease. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1975-1978. [PMID: 28498512 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Darier disease and Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) are rare disorders of keratinization with autosomal dominant inheritance and very distinct clinical pictures. Both have been shown to be caused by mutations in ATP2A2 (ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow-twitch) a gene encoding one of the SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2) intracellular pumps with a crucial role in cell-to-cell adhesion in both skin and heart. While hundreds of different missense and nonsense mutations cause Darier disease, only one missense mutation, p.(Pro602Leu), has been identified in families with AKV. We report a family with AKV due to the p.(Pro602Leu) mutation and discuss implications for this recurrent mutation on knowledge of ATP2A2 structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ronan
- Hunter Genetics Service, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Ingrey
- Hunter Genetics Service, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Murray
- Hunter Genetics Service, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Chee
- University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Hunter New England LHD, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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16
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Nellen RGL, Steijlen PM, van Steensel MAM, Vreeburg M, Frank J, van Geel M. Mendelian Disorders of Cornification Caused by Defects in Intracellular Calcium Pumps: Mutation Update and Database for Variants in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 Associated with Darier Disease and Hailey-Hailey Disease. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:343-356. [PMID: 28035777 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The two disorders of cornification associated with mutations in genes coding for intracellular calcium pumps are Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD). DD is caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, whereas the ATP2C1 gene is associated with HHD. Both are inherited as autosomal-dominant traits. DD is mainly defined by warty papules in seborrheic and flexural areas, whereas the major symptoms of HHD are vesicles and erosions in flexural skin. Both phenotypes are highly variable. In 12%-40% of DD patients and 12%-55% of HHD patients, no mutations in ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 are found. We provide a comprehensive review of clinical variability in DD and HHD and a review of all reported mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1. Having the entire spectrum of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 variants allows us to address the question of a genotype-phenotype correlation, which has not been settled unequivocally in DD and HHD. We created a database for all mutations in ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 using the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD v3.0), for variants reported in the literature and future inclusions. This data may be of use as a reference tool in further research on treatment of DD and HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G L Nellen
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Steijlen
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michel van Geel
- Departments of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Nakamura T, Kazuno AA, Nakajima K, Kusumi I, Tsuboi T, Kato T. Loss of function mutations in ATP2A2 and psychoses: A case report and literature survey. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:342-50. [PMID: 27106560 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Though genetic factors play a major role in the pathophysiology of psychoses including bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia, lack of well-established causative genetic mutations hampers their neurobiological studies. Darier's disease, an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations of ATP2A2 on chromosome 12q23-24.1, encoding sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium transporting ATPase 2 (SERCA2), reportedly cosegregates with BD. A recent genome-wide association study showed an association of schizophrenia with ATP2A2. METHODS We sequenced all coding regions of ATP2A2 in a newly identified patient with Darier's disease and BD. In addition, we performed a literature survey to examine whether likely gene disrupting (LGD) mutations are related to psychoses. RESULTS We identified a rare heterozygous mutation, c.1288-6A>G, at the 3' end of intron 10 in the patient. A minigene splicing assay showed that this mutation introduces a new splice site causing a frameshift and premature stop codon. A literature survey of case reports of patients with Darier's disease and psychoses revealed that the rate of LGD mutations causing frameshift, altered splicing, gain of stop codon, or loss of start codon was significantly higher among the mutations harbored by these cases (9 of 11) than that of ATP2A2 mutations for which comorbidity of psychosis was not reported (107 of 237, P = 0.026). The only non-LGD mutation (p.C560R) reported in patients with Darier's disease and BD caused decreased ATP2A2 protein expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest that psychoses in Darier's disease may be caused by a pleiotropic effect of loss-of-function mutations of ATP2A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - An-A Kazuno
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakajima
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is a form of muscular dystrophy caused by
mutations in calpain 3 (CAPN3). Several studies have implicated Ca2+
dysregulation as an underlying event in several muscular dystrophies, including LGMD2A. In
this study we used mouse and human myotube cultures, and muscle biopsies in order to
determine whether dysfunction of sarco/endoplasmatic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is
involved in the pathology of this disease. In CAPN3-deficient myotubes, we found decreased
levels of SERCA 1 and 2 proteins, while mRNA levels remained comparable with control
myotubes. Also, we found a significant reduction in SERCA function that resulted in
impairment of Ca2+ homeostasis, and elevated basal intracellular
[Ca2+] in human myotubes. Furthermore, small Ankyrin 1 (sAnk1), a
SERCA1-binding protein that is involved in sarcoplasmic reticulum integrity, was also
diminished in CAPN3-deficient fibres. Interestingly, SERCA2 protein was patently reduced
in muscles from LGMD2A patients, while it was normally expressed in other forms of
muscular dystrophy. Thus, analysis of SERCA2 expression may prove useful for diagnostic
purposes as a potential indicator of CAPN3 deficiency in muscle biopsies. Altogether, our
results indicate that CAPN3 deficiency leads to degradation of SERCA proteins and
Ca2+ dysregulation in the skeletal muscle. While further studies are needed
in order to elucidate the specific contribution of SERCA towards muscle degeneration in
LGMD2A, this study constitutes a reasonable foundation for the development of therapeutic
approaches targeting SERCA1, SERCA2 or sAnk1.
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19
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Duan XQ, Li YH, Zhang XY, Zhao ZT, Wang Y, Wang H, Li GS, Jing L. Mechanisms of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Bone Tissues of Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed to Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 170:331-9. [PMID: 26276564 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis of osteoblasts (OBs) has an important role in the physiology and pathology of bone tissue. In order to study the mechanisms of intracellular calcium homeostasis, MC3T3-E1 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with different concentrations of fluoride. Then, we examined intracellular-free calcium ion ([Ca(2+)]i) in MC3T3-E1 cells as well as mRNA and protein levels of Cav1.2, the main subunit of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange carriers (NCS), and plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) channels, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b (SERCA2b)/ATP2A2 in vitro, and rat bone tissues in vivo. Our results showed that [Ca(2+)]i of fluoride-treated OBs increased in a concentration-dependent manner with an increase in the concentration of fluoride. We also found that the low dose of fluoride led to high expression levels of Cav1.2, NCS-1, and PMCA and low expression levels of IP3R and SERCA2b/ATP2A2, while the high dose of fluoride induced an increase in SERCA2b/ATP2A2 levels and decrease in Cav1.2, PMCA, NCS-1, and IP3R levels. These results demonstrate that calcium channels and calcium pumps of plasma and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes keep intracellular calcium homeostasis by regulating Cav1.2, NCS-1, PMCA, IP3R, and SERCA2b/ATP2A2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qin Duan
- The Second Hospital Norman Bethune of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-hui Li
- The Second Hospital Norman Bethune of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-yun Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Disease of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-tao Zhao
- Institute of Endemic Disease of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Hospital Norman Bethune of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Second Hospital Norman Bethune of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-sheng Li
- Institute of Endemic Disease of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jing
- Institute of Endemic Disease of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Hlynsky MW, Kimber DE, Kehler DS, Duhamel TA. The regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:843-54. [PMID: 25730320 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for transporting calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscular contraction. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA facilitates muscular relaxation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. There are more than 10 distinct isoforms of SERCA expressed in different tissues. SERCA2a is the primary isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, whereas SERCA1a is the predominant isoform expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA is regulated at the level of protein content and is further modified by the endogenous proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Additionally, several novel mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as integral regulators of Ca(2+) transport activity. These regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant, as dysregulated SERCA function has been implicated in the pathology of several disease states, including heart failure. Currently, several clinical trials are underway that utilize novel therapeutic approaches to restore SERCA2a activity in humans. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA pump, with a particular emphasis on the influence of exercise in preventing the pathological conditions associated with impaired SERCA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
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21
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Rinnerthaler M, Streubel MK, Bischof J, Richter K. Skin aging, gene expression and calcium. Exp Gerontol 2014; 68:59-65. [PMID: 25262846 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human epidermis provides a very effective barrier function against chemical, physical and microbial insults from the environment. This is only possible as the epidermis renews itself constantly. Stem cells located at the basal lamina which forms the dermoepidermal junction provide an almost inexhaustible source of keratinocytes which differentiate and die during their journey to the surface where they are shed off as scales. Despite the continuous renewal of the epidermis it nevertheless succumbs to aging as the turnover rate of the keratinocytes is slowing down dramatically. Aging is associated with such hallmarks as thinning of the epidermis, elastosis, loss of melanocytes associated with an increased paleness and lucency of the skin and a decreased barrier function. As the differentiation of keratinocytes is strictly calcium dependent, calcium also plays an important role in the aging epidermis. Just recently it was shown that the epidermal calcium gradient in the skin that facilitates the proliferation of keratinocytes in the stratum basale and enables differentiation in the stratum granulosum is lost in the process of skin aging. In the course of this review we try to explain how this calcium gradient is built up on the one hand and is lost during aging on the other hand. How this disturbed calcium homeostasis is affecting the gene expression in aged skin and is leading to dramatic changes in the composition of the cornified envelope will also be discussed. This loss of the epidermal calcium gradient is not only specific for skin aging but can also be found in skin diseases such as Darier disease, Hailey-Hailey disease, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, which might be very helpful to get a deeper insight in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Karolin Streubel
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Bischof
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Erac Y, Selli C, Filik P, Tosun M. Effects of passage number on proliferation and store-operated calcium entry in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 70:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sambuughin N, Zvaritch E, Kraeva N, Sizova O, Sivak E, Dickson K, Weglinski M, Capacchione J, Muldoon S, Riazi S, Hamilton S, Brandom B, MacLennan DH. Exome analysis identifies Brody myopathy in a family diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:472-83. [PMID: 25614869 PMCID: PMC4303217 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to determine the primary cause of muscle disorder in a family diagnosed with a mild, undetermined myopathy and malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility (MHS). WES revealed the compound heterozygous mutations, p.Ile235Asn and p.Glu982Lys, in ATP2A1, encoding the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase type 1 (SERCA1), a calcium pump, expressed in fast-twitch muscles. Recessive mutations in ATP2A1 are known to cause Brody myopathy, a rare muscle disorder characterized by exercise-induced impairment of muscle relaxation and stiffness. Analyses of affected muscles showed the absence of SERCA1, but SERCA2 upregulation in slow and fast myofibers, suggesting a compensatory mechanism that partially restores the diminished Ca(2+) transport in Brody myopathy. This compensatory adaptation to the lack of SERCA1 Ca(2+) pumping activity within the muscle explains, in part, the mild course of disease in our patient. Diagnosis of MHS in this family was secondary to a loss of SERCA1 due to disease-associated mutations. Although there are obvious differences in clinical expression and molecular mechanisms between MH and Brody myopathy, a feature common to both conditions is elevated myoplasmic Ca(2+) content. Prolonged intracellular Ca(2+) elevation is likely to have led to MHS diagnosis in vitro and postoperative MH-like symptoms in Brody patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamkhishig Sambuughin
- Defense and Veterans Center for Integrated Pain Management, Henry M. Jackson Foundation Rockville, Maryland ; Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elena Zvaritch
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Kraeva
- Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Sizova
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Sivak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelley Dickson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - John Capacchione
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheila Muldoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheila Riazi
- Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Brandom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David H MacLennan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kaneko M, Desai BS, Cook B. Ionic leakage underlies a gain-of-function effect of dominant disease mutations affecting diverse P-type ATPases. Nat Genet 2013; 46:144-51. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shi BJ, Xue M, Zhong GS, Jiang Y, Chen DY, Feng J, Hao J, Diao QC. The ATP2A2 gene in patients with Darier's disease: one novel splicing mutation. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:1074-7. [PMID: 22909361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darier's disease (DD) is a rare, inherited skin disorder characterized by warty papules and plaques over the seborrheic area, such as central trunk, flexures, scalp, and forehead. Mutations in ATP2A2 gene encoding the enzyme sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase type 2 are responsible for the disease. Here we report two Chinese families affected by DD with two ATP2A2 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples and then subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct automated DNA sequencing. RESULTS A heterozygous G to T transition in the first nucleotide of intron 7 (c.630 + 1G>T) and G to A transversion at nucleotide 2898 in exon 20 of the ATP2A2 gene were identified in two pedigrees, respectively. The former mutation in the splice site is a novel mutation and is thought to lead to aberrant splicing and premature protein truncation. The latter has already been described, which leads to premature termination codons (PTC) (W966X). CONCLUSION The results will contribute to the expanding database of ATP2A2 mutations in patients with DD and be useful for inherited counseling and prenatal examination for affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jun Shi
- Department of Dermatology, the First People's Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
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Kamijo M, Nishiyama C, Takagi A, Nakano N, Hara M, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition restores ultraviolet B-induced downregulation of ATP2A2/SERCA2 in keratinocytes: possible therapeutic approach of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition for treatment of Darier disease. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1017-22. [PMID: 22413864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP2A2 encoding the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase2 (SERCA2) is a Darier disease (DD)-related gene. Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation downregulates ATP2A2/SERCA2 expression in keratinocytes, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is dramatically upregulated by UVB. OBJECTIVES To analyse the involvement of COX-2 in ATP2A2/SERCA2 expression. METHODS Keratinocytes were transfected with COX-2 siRNA or treated with COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, to evaluate the effect of COX-2 on ATP2A2/SERCA2 expression. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting analysis and reporter assay were used to determine the amount of mRNA, protein level and transcription activity, respectively. RESULTS COX-2 knockdown by siRNA resulted in upregulation of ATP2A2 transcription. Treatment by celecoxib rescued UVB-mediated suppression of the ATP2A2 transcription and SERCA2 protein expression. Simple addition of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) , which is a product of COX-2 enzyme, reduced the amounts of ATP2A2 mRNA and SERCA2 protein in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS UVB downregulates ATP2A2/SERCA2 expression via induction of COX-2 expression and subsequent increase of PGE(2) production in keratinocytes. Considering that DD is caused by the decreased function of SERCA2 due to the reduced expression of the ATP2A2 gene, this finding shows the possibility that COX-2 inhibition may be useful to prevent and/or treat DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamijo
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Y, Bruce AT, Tu C, Ma K, Zeng L, Zheng P, Liu Y, Liu Y. Protein aggregation of SERCA2 mutants associated with Darier disease elicits ER stress and apoptosis in keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3568-80. [PMID: 22045735 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.084053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) underlie Darier disease (DD), a dominantly inherited skin disorder characterized by loss of keratinocyte adhesion (acantholysis) and abnormal keratinization (dyskeratosis) resulting in characteristic mucocutaneous abnormalities. However, the molecular pathogenic mechanism by which these changes influence keratinocyte adhesion and viability remains unknown. We show here that SERCA2 protein is extremely sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which typically results in aggregation and insolubility of the protein. Depletion of ER calcium stores is not necessary for the aggregation but accelerates the progression. Systematic analysis of diverse mutants identical to those found in DD patients demonstrated that the ER stress initiator is the SERCA2 mutant protein itself. These SERCA2 proteins were found to be less soluble, to aggregate and to be more polyubiquitinylated. After transduction into primary human epidermal keratinocytes, mutant SERCA2 aggregates elicited ER stress, caused increased numbers of cells to round up and detach from the culture plate, and induced apoptosis. These mutant induced events were exaggerated by increased ER stress. Furthermore, knockdown SERCA2 in keratinocytes rendered the cells resistant to apoptosis induction. These features of SERCA2 and its mutants establish a mechanistic base to further elucidate the molecular pathogenesis underlying acantholysis and dyskeratosis in DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, Section of General Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Harboe TL, Willems P, Jespersgaard C, Mølgaard Poulsen ML, Sørensen FB, Bisgaard ML. Mosaicism in Segmental Darier Disease: An In-Depth Molecular Analysis Quantifying Proportions of Mutated Alleles in Various Tissues. Dermatology 2011; 222:292-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000328404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Savignac M, Edir A, Simon M, Hovnanian A. Darier disease : a disease model of impaired calcium homeostasis in the skin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1111-7. [PMID: 21167218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of extracellular calcium in epidermal differentiation and intra-epidermal cohesion has been recognized for many years. Darier disease (DD) was the first genetic skin disease caused by abnormal epidermal calcium homeostasis to be identified. DD is characterized by loss of cell-to-cell adhesion and abnormal keratinization. DD is caused by genetic defects in ATP2A2 encoding the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2). SERCA2 is a calcium pump of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transporting Ca(2+) from the cytosol to the lumen of ER. ATP2A2 mutations lead to loss of Ca(2+) transport by SERCA2 resulting in decreased ER Ca(2+) concentration in Darier keratinocytes. Here, we review the role of SERCA2 pumps and calcium in normal epidermis, and we discuss the consequences of ATP2A2 mutations on Ca(2+) signaling in DD. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Li CR, Cui PG, Jia H, Wang HS, Chen M, Zhou WQ, Gong JQ, Cao YH, Lin L. Identification of a novel mutation in a Chinese patient with mild Darier's disease. Int J Dermatol 2010; 49:1286-8. [PMID: 20964649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Rang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Markers of squamous cell carcinoma in sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 heterozygote mice keratinocytes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 103:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tuusa JT, Leskelä TT, Petäjä-Repo UE. Human delta opioid receptor biogenesis is regulated via interactions with SERCA2b and calnexin. FEBS J 2010; 277:2815-29. [PMID: 20528919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)2b maintains the cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis by transferring Ca(2+) from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently, SERCA2b has also been shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of secreted and membrane proteins via direct protein-protein interactions, involving components of the ER folding and quality-control machinery, as well as newly synthesized G protein-coupled receptors. Here we demonstrate that the human delta opioid receptor (hdeltaOR) exists in a ternary complex with SERCA2b and the ER molecular chaperone calnexin. The interaction between SERCA2b and hdeltaOR in vivo did not require calnexin as it was independent of the C-terminal calnexin-interacting domain of SERCA2b. However, the receptor was able to mediate co-immunoprecipitation of calnexin with the C-terminally truncated SERCA2b. The association of SERCA2b with hdeltaOR was regulated in vitro by Ca(2+) and ATP in a manner that was opposite to the calnexin-hdeltaOR interaction. Importantly, co-expression of the catalytically inactive SERCA2b(D351A) or calnexin binding-compromised SERCA2bDeltaC mutants with the receptor decreased the expression of mature receptors in a manner that did not directly relate to changes in the ER Ca(2+) concentration. We conclude that dynamic interactions among SERCA2b, calnexin and the hdeltaOR precursor orchestrate receptor biogenesis and are regulated by Ca(2+) and ATP. We further hypothesize that the primary role of SERCA2b in this process is to act as a Ca(2+) sensor in the vicinity of active translocons, integrating protein folding with local fluctuations of ER Ca(2+) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi T Tuusa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Four novel ATP2A2 mutations in Slovenian patients with Darier disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:819-23. [PMID: 20223560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene. It has been reported that depletion of Ca(2+) stores within the endoplasmic reticulum of keratinocytes is associated with impaired cell cycle regulation and terminal differentiation. Mechanical stress, heat, or UV irradiation might delay cell cycle exit and permit progression into the quiescent stage without repair. When there is associated DNA damage, this can lead to an accumulation of secondary somatic mutations and possible clonal proliferation of damaged keratinocyes within keratotic papules and plaques. OBJECTIVE We sought to present clinical, demographic, and genetic analysis of the cohort of Slovenian patients with DD, which represents 52% of DD patients in the country. METHODS We examined 28 Slovenians with DD and screened genomic DNA for ATP2A2 mutations and RNA for splice site mutations. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of the disease in Slovenia is 2.7/100.000. We identified 7 different ATP2A2 mutations, 4 of which are novel: A516P, R559G, 463-6del6, and 1762-6del18. We also found two previously described polymorphisms in intron XVIII (2741 + 54 G>A) and in exon 15 (2172 G>A; A724A), with allele frequencies of 64.15% and 11.32%, respectively. There was a history of perceptive deafness in two DD patients from two families. LIMITATIONS Analysis of SERCA2 expression, measurements of Ca(2+) uptake and their influence on desmosomal assembly in vitro would add additional value to the study. Although single-stranded conformational analysis (SSCP) is a common and accepted method for screening for the presence of mutations, it does miss 10% to 20% of mutations. CONCLUSIONS We identified 4 novel ATP2A2 mutations in Slovenian patients with DD. Deafness seems to be a new phenotypic characteristic of DD patients.
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Sacchetto R, Testoni S, Gentile A, Damiani E, Rossi M, Liguori R, Drögemüller C, Mascarello F. A defective SERCA1 protein is responsible for congenital pseudomyotonia in Chianina cattle. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 174:565-73. [PMID: 19116366 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a muscular disorder defined as "congenital pseudomyotonia" was described in Chianina cattle, one of the most important Italian cattle breeds for quality meat and leather. The clinical phenotype of this disease is characterized by an exercise-induced muscle contracture that prevents animals from performing muscular activities. On the basis of clinical symptoms, Chianina pseudomyotonia appeared related to human Brody's disease, a rare inherited disorder of skeletal muscle function that results from a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA1) deficiency caused by a defect in the ATP2A1 gene that encodes SERCA1. SERCA1 is involved in transporting calcium from the cytosol to the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Recently, we identified the genetic defect underlying Chianina cattle pseudomyotonia. A missense mutation in exon 6 of the ATP2A1 gene, leading to an R164H substitution in the SERCA1 protein, was found. In this study, we provide biochemical evidence for a selective deficiency in SERCA1 protein levels in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from affected muscles, although mRNA levels are unaffected. The reduction of SERCA1 levels accounts for the reduced Ca(2+)-ATPase activity without any significant change in Ca(2+)-dependency. The loss of SERCA1 is not compensated for by the expression of the SERCA2 isoform. We believe that Chianina cattle pseudomyotonia might, therefore, be the true counterpart of human Brody's disease, and that bovine species might be used as a suitable animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Experimental Veterinary Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Vafiadaki E, Arvanitis DA, Pagakis SN, Papalouka V, Sanoudou D, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A, Kranias EG. The anti-apoptotic protein HAX-1 interacts with SERCA2 and regulates its protein levels to promote cell survival. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 20:306-18. [PMID: 18971376 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-06-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility is regulated through the activity of various key Ca(2+)-handling proteins. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) transport ATPase (SERCA2a) and its inhibitor phospholamban (PLN) control the uptake of Ca(2+) by SR membranes during relaxation. Recently, the antiapoptotic HS-1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) was identified as a binding partner of PLN, and this interaction was postulated to regulate cell apoptosis. In the current study, we determined that HAX-1 can also bind to SERCA2. Deletion mapping analysis demonstrated that amino acid residues 575-594 of SERCA2's nucleotide binding domain are required for its interaction with the C-terminal domain of HAX-1, containing amino acids 203-245. In transiently cotransfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, recombinant SERCA2 was specifically targeted to the ER, whereas HAX-1 selectively concentrated at mitochondria. On triple transfections with PLN, however, HAX-1 massively translocated to the ER membranes, where it codistributed with PLN and SERCA2. Overexpression of SERCA2 abrogated the protective effects of HAX-1 on cell survival, after hypoxia/reoxygenation or thapsigargin treatment. Importantly, HAX-1 overexpression was associated with down-regulation of SERCA2 expression levels, resulting in significant reduction of apparent ER Ca(2+) levels. These findings suggest that HAX-1 may promote cell survival through modulation of SERCA2 protein levels and thus ER Ca(2+) stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
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Duby G, Boutry M. The plant plasma membrane proton pump ATPase: a highly regulated P-type ATPase with multiple physiological roles. Pflugers Arch 2008; 457:645-55. [PMID: 18228034 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Around 40 P-type ATPases have been identified in Arabidopsis and rice, for which the genomes are known. None seems to exchange sodium and potassium, as does the animal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Instead, plants, together with fungi, possess a proton pumping ATPase (H(+)-ATPase), which couples ATP hydrolysis to proton transport out of the cell, and so establishes an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, which is dissipated by secondary transporters using protons in symport or antiport, as sodium is used in animal cells. Additional functions, such as stomata opening, cell growth, and intracellular pH homeostasis, have been proposed. Crystallographic data and homology modeling suggest that the H(+)-ATPase has a broadly similar structure to the other P-type ATPases but has an extended C-terminal region, which is involved in enzyme regulation. Phosphorylation of the penultimate residue, a Thr, and the subsequent binding of regulatory 14-3-3 proteins result in the formation of a dodecamer (six H(+)-ATPase and six 14-3-3 molecules) and enzyme activation. This type of regulation is unique to the P-type ATPase family. However, the recent identification of additional phosphorylated residues suggests further regulatory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Duby
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Takagi A, Nishiyama C, Maeda K, Tokura T, Kawada H, Kanada S, Niwa Y, Nakano N, Mayuzumi N, Nishiyama M, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Role of Sp1 in Transcription of Human ATP2A2 Gene in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:96-103. [PMID: 17597815 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ATP2A2 gene encodes Ca2+-dependent ATPase, the dysfunction of which causes Darier disease. In this study, we analyzed the promoter structure of the human ATP2A2 gene using primary normal human keratinocytes (NHK). Reporter assays showed that deletion of -550/-529, -488/-472, -390/-362, or -42/-21 resulted in a significant decrease in human ATP2A2 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that Sp1 is a transcription factor that binds to the -550/-529 and -488/-472 regions of the promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that Sp1, but not Sp3, binds to the promoter region of the ATP2A2 gene in NHK cells in vivo. Knockdown of Sp1 expression by small interfering RNA resulted in a marked reduction in ATP2A2 promoter activity and ATP2A2 mRNA levels in NHK, suggesting that Sp1 positively transactivates the ATP2A2 promoter in NHK. This is early evidence demonstrating that Sp1 plays an important and positive role in ATP2A2 gene expression in NHK in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takagi
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Ca(2+) influx evoked across the plasma membrane upon internal store depletion is essential for a myriad of cellular functions including gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation and even apoptosis. Darier's disease (DD), an autosomal dominant inherited disorder of the skin, arising due to mutations in the isoform 2 of the sarco (endo) plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2), exemplifies an anomaly of Ca(2+) signaling disturbances. Owing to loss of function mutations in SERCA2, keratinocytes in DD patients have a reduced pool of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+). Importantly, the status of ER Ca(2+) is critical for the activation of a class of plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels referred to as store operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs). The widely expressed transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels is proposed to be SOCs. In this review we discuss DD from the viewpoint of Ca(2+) signaling and present a potential role for TRPC1 in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Pani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202 USA
| | - B. B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202 USA
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Abstract
Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SER) Ca2+ ATPases represent a highly conserved family of Ca2+ pumps which actively transport Ca2+ from the cytosol to the SER against a large concentration gradient. In humans, 3 genes (ATP2A1-3) generate multiple isoforms (SERCAla,b, SERCA2a-c, SECA3a-f) by developmental or tissue-specific alternative splicing. These pumps differ by their regulatory and kinetic properties, allowing for optimized function in the tissue where they are expressed. They play a central role in calcium signalling through regenerating SER Ca2+ stores, maintaining appropriate Ca2+ levels in this organelle and shaping cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ variations which govern cell response. Defects in ATP2A1 encoding SERCA1 cause recessive Brody myopathy, mutations in ATP2A2 coding for SERCA2 underlie a dominant skin disease, Darier disease and its clinical variants. SERCA2a expression is reduced in heart failure in human and in mice models. Gene-targeting studies in mouse confirmed the expected function of these isoforms in some cases, but also resulted in unexpected phenotypes: SERCA1 null mutants die from respiratory failure, SERCA2 heterozygous mutant mice develop skin cancer with age and SERCA3 null mice display no diabetes. These unique phenotypes have provided invaluable information on the role of these pumps in specific tissues and species, and have improved our understanding of Ca2+ regulated processes in muscles, the heart and the skin in human and in mice. Although the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases is still incomplete, these recent advances hold the promise of improved knowledge on the disease processes and the identification of new targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Frezzini C, Cedro M, Leao JC, Porter S. Darier disease affecting the gingival and oral mucosal surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 102:e29-33. [PMID: 16997091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2005] [Revised: 07/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Darier disease is an uncommon genodermatosis reflecting defective desmosomal structure and function. The present report details the oral features of a patient with well-characterized Darier disease and reviews current knowledge of the genetic basis of this genodermatosis that can often affect the craniofacial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Frezzini
- Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Pani B, Cornatzer E, Cornatzer W, Shin DM, Pittelkow MR, Hovnanian A, Ambudkar IS, Singh BB. Up-regulation of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) following sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 gene silencing promotes cell survival: a potential role for TRPC1 in Darier's disease. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4446-58. [PMID: 16899508 PMCID: PMC1635355 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-03-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism(s) involved in regulation of store operated calcium entry in Darier's disease (DD) is not known. We investigated the distribution and function of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) in epidermal skin cells. DD patients demonstrated up-regulation of TRPC1, but not TRPC3, in the squamous layers. Ca2+ influx was significantly higher in keratinocytes obtained from DD patients and showed enhanced proliferation compared with normal keratinocytes. Similar up-regulation of TRPC1 was also detected in epidermal layers of SERCA2+/- mice. HaCaT cells expressed TRPC1 in the plasma membrane. Expression of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA)2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HaCaT cells increased TRPC1 levels and thapsigargin-stimulated Ca2+ influx, which was blocked by store-operated calcium entry inhibitors. Thapsigargin-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ release was decreased in DD cells. DD keratinocytes exhibited increased cell survival upon thapsigargin treatment. Alternatively, overexpression of TRPC1 or SERCA2-siRNA in HaCaT cells demonstrated resistance to thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. These effects were dependent on external Ca2+ and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. Isotretinoin reduced Ca2+ entry in HaCaT cells and decreased survival of HaCaT and DD keratinocytes. These findings put forward a novel consequence of compromised SERCA2 function in DD wherein up-regulation of TRPC1 augments cell proliferation and restrict apoptosis. We suggest that the anti-apoptotic effect of TRPC1 could potentially contribute to abnormal keratosis in DD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Cornatzer
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Mark R. Pittelkow
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Department of Functional Genetics of Epithelial Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; and
| | - Indu S. Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brij B. Singh
- Departments of *Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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Kubala M. ATP-binding to P-type ATPases as revealed by biochemical, spectroscopic, and crystallographic experiments. Proteins 2006; 64:1-12. [PMID: 16649212 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
P-type ATPases form a large family of cation translocating ATPases. Recent progress in crystallography yielded several high-resolution structures of Ca(2+)-ATPase from sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SERCA) in various conformations. They could elucidate the conformational changes of the enzyme, which are necessary for the translocation of cations, or the mechanism that explains how the nucleotide binding is coupled to the cation transport. However, crystals of proteins are usually obtained only under conditions that significantly differ from the physiological ones and with ligands that are incompatible with the enzyme function, and both of these factors can inevitably influence the enzyme structure. Biochemical (such as mutagenesis, cleavage, and labeling) or spectroscopic experiments can yield only limited structural information, but this information could be considered relevant, because measurement can be performed under physiological conditions and with true ligands. However, interpretation of some biochemical or spectroscopic data could be difficult without precise knowledge of the structure. Thus, only a combination of both these approaches can extract the relevant information and identify artifacts. Briefly, there is good agreement between crystallographic and other experimental data concerning the overall shape of the molecule and the movement of cytoplasmic domains. On the contrary, the E1-AMPPCP crystallographic structure is, in details, in severe conflict with numerous spectroscopic experiments and probably does not represent the physiological state. Notably, the E1-ADP-AlF(4) structure is almost identical to the E1-AMPPCP, again suggesting that the structure is primarily determined by the crystal-growth conditions. The physiological relevance of the E2 and E2-P structures is also questionable, because the crystals were prepared in the presence of thapsigargin, which is known to be a very efficient inhibitor of SERCA. Thus, probably only crystals of E1-2Ca conformation could reflect some physiological state. Combination of biochemical, spectroscopic, and crystallographic data revealed amino acids that are responsible for the interaction with the nucleotide. High sequence homology of the P-type ATPases in the cytoplasmic domains enables prediction of the ATP-interacting amino acids also for other P-type ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kubala
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) are the only known autosomal-dominant Ca2+ ATPase disorders. Epidermal symptoms selectively occur in the affected individuals, the precise reason for which is still not fully understood. Here, we review the clinical, epidermal, and molecular features of the two genodermatoses. It is concluded that epidermal Ca2+ regulation disturbances and epigenetic factors may play an even more prominent role in the pathogenesis of DD and HHD than earlier appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Szigeti
- 1Department of Dermatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Foggia L, Aronchik I, Aberg K, Brown B, Hovnanian A, Mauro TM. Activity of the hSPCA1 Golgi Ca2+ pump is essential for Ca2+-mediated Ca2+ response and cell viability in Darier disease. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:671-9. [PMID: 16467572 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte differentiation, adhesion and motility are directed by extracellular Ca2+ concentration increases, which in turn increase intracellular Ca2+ levels. Normal keratinocytes, in contrast to most non-excitable cells, require Ca2+ release from both Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores for efficient Ca2+ signaling. Dysfunction of the Golgi human secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase hSPCA1, encoded by ATP2C1, abrogates Ca2+ signaling and causes the acantholytic genodermatosis, Hailey-Hailey disease. We have examined the role of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store, established and maintained by the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase SERCA2 encoded by ATP2A2, in Ca2+ signaling. Although previous studies have shown acute SERCA2 inactivation to abrogate Ca2+ signaling, we find that chronic inactivation of ATP2A2 in keratinocytes from patients with the similar acantholytic genodermatosis, Darier disease, does not impair the response to raised extracellular Ca2+ levels. This normal response is due to a compensatory upregulation of hSPCA1, as inactivating ATP2C1 expression with siRNA blocks the response to raised extracellular Ca2+ concentrations in both normal and Darier keratinocytes. ATP2C1 inactivation also diminishes Darier disease keratinocyte viability, suggesting that compensatory ATP2C1 upregulation maintains viability and partially compensates for defective endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in Darier disease keratinocytes. Keratinocytes thus are unique among mammalian cells in their ability to use the Golgi Ca2+ store to mediate Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Foggia
- INSERM U563, Purpan Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, BP 2028, 31034 Toulouse CEDEX 3 and Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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Miyauchi Y, Daiho T, Yamasaki K, Takahashi H, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Danko S, Suzuki H, Iizuka H. Comprehensive analysis of expression and function of 51 sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase mutants associated with Darier disease. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22882-95. [PMID: 16766529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601966200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined possible defects of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) associated with its 51 mutations found in Darier disease (DD) pedigrees, i.e. most of the substitution and deletion mutations of residues reported so far. COS-1 cells were transfected with each of the mutant cDNAs, and the expression and function of the SERCA2b protein was analyzed with microsomes prepared from the cells and compared with those of the wild type. Fifteen mutants showed markedly reduced expression. Among the other 36, 29 mutants exhibited completely abolished or strongly inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity, whereas the other seven possessed fairly high or normal ATPase activity. In four of the aforementioned seven mutants, Ca2+ transport activity was significantly reduced or almost completely lost, therefore uncoupled from ATP hydrolysis. The other three were exceptional cases as they were seemingly normal in protein expression and Ca2+ transport function, but were found to have abnormalities in the kinetic properties altered by the three mutations, which happened to be in the three DD pedigrees found by us previously (Sato, K., Yamasaki, K., Daiho, T., Miyauchi, Y., Takahashi, H., Ishida-Yamamoto, A., Nakamura, S., Iizuka, H., and Suzuki, H. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 35595-35603). Collectively, our results indicated that in most cases (48 of 51) DD mutations cause severe disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis by the defects in protein expression and/or transport function and hence DD, but even a slight disturbance of the homeostasis will result in the disease. Our results also provided further insight into the structure-function relationship of SERCAs and revealed critical regions and residues of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyauchi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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Chavarría E, Hernanz JM. Placas erosivas y verrugosas en pliegues inguinales. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2005; 96:703-5. [PMID: 16476325 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(05)73163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Chavarría
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Mayosi BM, Kardos A, Davies CH, Gumedze F, Hovnanian A, Burge S, Watkins H. Heterozygous disruption of SERCA2a is not associated with impairment of cardiac performance in humans: implications for SERCA2a as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Heart 2005; 92:105-9. [PMID: 15845614 PMCID: PMC1861003 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether a deficiency in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum pump SERCA2a causes cardiac dysfunction in humans. DESIGN Cardiac performance was measured in a serendipitous human model of primary SERCA2a deficiency, Darier's disease, an autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations inactivating one copy of the ATP2A2 gene, which encodes SERCA2a. METHODS Systolic and diastolic function and contractility were assessed by echocardiography at rest and during exercise in patients with Darier's disease with known mutations. Fourteen patients with Darier's disease were compared with 14 normal controls and six patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with stable heart failure. RESULTS Resting systolic and diastolic function was normal in patients with Darier's disease and in controls. The increase in systolic function during exercise was not different between patients with Darier's disease and normal controls; neither was there a difference in contractility. As expected, patients with dilated cardiomyopathy had impaired diastolic and systolic function with depressed contractility at rest and during exercise. CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, heterozygous disruption of SERCA2a is not associated with the impairment of cardiac performance in humans. Attempts to increase SERCA2a levels in heart failure, although showing promise in rodent studies, may not be addressing a critical causal pathway in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Mayosi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Foggia L, Hovnanian A. Calcium pump disorders of the skin. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2005; 131C:20-31. [PMID: 15468148 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The causes of Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) have eluded clinicians and scientists for more than 60 years. DD is characterized by loss of adhesion between suprabasal epidermal cells associated with abnormal keratinization, while loss of epidermal cell-to-cell adhesion is predominant in HHD. The genes for both conditions have recently been identified using candidate positional cloning approaches. The gene for DD (ATP2A2) encodes a calcium transport ATPase of the sarco (endo)plasmic reticulum (SERCA2) Verboomen et al. [1992: Biochem J 286(Pt 2):591-595], while the gene for HHD (ATP2C1) codes for a secretory pathway for calcium and manganese transport ATPase of the Golgi apparatus (SPCA1) Hu et al. [2000: Nat Genet 24:61-65]. These results have provided completely new insights into the role of calcium and/or manganese in maintaining skin integrity. Although the precise disease mechanisms remain to be understood, these discoveries open a new field in research for the understanding and the treatment of these distressing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Foggia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pavillon Lefebvre, Purpan Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, Toulouse cedex 03, France
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Luo X, Ahn W, Muallem S, Zeng W. Analyses of RGS protein control of agonist-evoked Ca2+ signaling. Methods Enzymol 2004; 389:119-30. [PMID: 15313563 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)89008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the function of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein function and their selectivity of action in vivo is complicated by the expression of multiple RGS proteins in a single cell and requires precise control of cytosolic RGS protein concentration. This article describes two experimental systems using pancreatic acinar cells suitable for such analyses. The first is pancreatic acini permeabilized with streptolysin O, which retains agonist responsiveness while allowing RGS proteins and molecules with molecular masses of up to 25-30 kDa access to the cytosol. The second is a whole cell recording of the Ca(2+)-activated Cl- current of single pancreatic acinar cells as a reporter of [Ca2+]i. This system can be used to introduce to the cytosol any protein of interest, including recombinant RGS proteins and RGS protein-scavenging antibodies. The use of these systems to study the specificity of RGS proteins action, the function of their domains, and the role of RGS proteins in controlling Ca2+ oscillations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9040, USA
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Hovnanian A. Darier’s disease: from dyskeratosis to endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:1237-44. [PMID: 15336971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ and has an essential barrier protective function against physical, chemical, and pathogen aggressions and prevents fluid loss. The outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, plays a key role in this protection, through a tightly regulated differentiation programme from basal keratinocytes to the stratum corneum at the skin surface. During this process, keratinocytes from the base of the epidermis undergo major morphological and functional changes during their migration through the spinous and granular layers, to become terminally differentiated corneocytes which will be shed from the skin's surface. The role of extracellular Ca2+ in cell-to-cell adhesion and in epidermal differentiation was known to be important, but the identification of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport ATPase (ATP2A2) as the defective gene in a rare genetic skin disease known as Darier's disease, came as a surprise and shed light on the key role of Ca2+ signaling in the homeostasis of the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Hovnanian
- Department of Medical Genetics, INSERM U563 and University Paul Sabatier, Purpan Hospital, Place du Dr Baylac, 31059 Toulouse, Cedex 03, France.
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