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Chidambaram SB, Anand N, Varma SR, Ramamurthy S, Vichitra C, Sharma A, Mahalakshmi AM, Essa MM. Superoxide dismutase and neurological disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:373-394. [PMID: 39007083 PMCID: PMC11240301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a common antioxidant enzyme found majorly in living cells. The main physiological role of SOD is detoxification and maintain the redox balance, acts as a first line of defence against Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other such potentially hazardous molecules. SOD catalyses the conversion of superoxide anion free radicals (O 2 -.) into molecular oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in the cells. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are expressed in neurons and glial cells throughout the CNS both intracellularly and extracellularly. Endogenous oxidative stress (OS) linked with enlarged production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), inflammation, deregulation of redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic crisis are found to be prerequisite for neuronal loss in neurological diseases. Clinical and genetic studies indicate a direct correlation between mutations in SOD gene and neurodegenerative diseases, like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Therefore, inhibitors of OS are considered as an optimistic approach to prevent neuronal loss. SOD mimetics like Metalloporphyrin Mn (II)-cyclic polyamines, Nitroxides and Mn (III)- Salen complexes are designed and used as therapeutic extensively in the treatment of neurological disorders. SODs and SOD mimetics are promising future therapeutics in the field of various diseases with OS-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, University Park, Jabberwock Beach Road, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, 346 Ajman, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, 2202 Fujairah, the United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandrasekaran Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ambika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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2
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Chaussé AM, Roche SM, Moroldo M, Hennequet-Antier C, Holbert S, Kempf F, Barilleau E, Trotereau J, Velge P. Epithelial cell invasion by salmonella typhimurium induces modulation of genes controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and involved in extracellular matrix biogenesis. Virulence 2023; 14:2158663. [PMID: 36600181 PMCID: PMC9828750 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is the only bacterium able to enter a host cell by the two known mechanisms: trigger and zipper. The trigger mechanism relies on the injection of bacterial effectors into the host cell through the Salmonella type III secretion system 1. In the zipper mechanism, mediated by the invasins Rck and PagN, the bacterium takes advantage of a cellular receptor for invasion. This study describes the transcriptomic reprogramming of the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line to Salmonella Typhimurium strains that invaded cells by a trigger, a zipper, or both mechanisms. Using S. Typhimurium strains invalidated for one or other entry mechanism, we have shown that IEC-6 cells could support both entries. Comparison of the gene expression profiles of exposed cells showed that irrespective of the mechanism used for entry, the transcriptomic reprogramming of the cell was nearly the same. On the other hand, when gene expression was compared between cells unexposed or exposed to the bacterium, the transcriptomic reprogramming of exposed cells was significantly different. It is particularly interesting to note the modulation of expression of numerous target genes of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor showing that this transcription factor was activated by S. Typhimurium infection. Numerous genes associated with the extracellular matrix were also modified. This was confirmed at the protein level by western-blotting showing a dramatic modification in some extracellular matrix proteins. Analysis of a selected set of modulated genes showed that the expression of the majority of these genes was modulated during the intracellular life of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Moroldo
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France,CONTACT Philippe Velge
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Trempus CS, Papas BN, Sifre MI, Bortner CD, Scappini E, Tucker CJ, Xu X, Johnson KL, Deterding LJ, Williams JG, Johnson DJ, Li JL, Sutton D, Ganta C, Mahapatra D, Arif M, Basu A, Pommerolle L, Cinar R, Perl AK, Garantziotis S. Functional Pdgfra fibroblast heterogeneity in normal and fibrotic mouse lung. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164380. [PMID: 37824216 PMCID: PMC10721331 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease of unrelenting extracellular matrix deposition in response to lung injury. Platelet-derived growth factor α-positive (Pdgfra+) lipofibroblasts (LipoFBs) are essential for lung injury response and maintenance of a functional alveolar stem cell niche. Little is known about the effects of lung injury on LipoFB function. Here, we used single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) technology and PdgfraGFP lineage tracing to generate a transcriptomic profile of Pdgfra+ fibroblasts in normal and injured mouse lungs 14 days after bleomycin exposure, generating 11 unique transcriptomic clusters that segregated according to treatment. While normal and injured LipoFBs shared a common gene signature, injured LipoFBs acquired fibrogenic pathway activity with an attenuation of lipogenic pathways. In a 3D organoid model, injured Pdgfra+ fibroblast-supported organoids were morphologically distinct from those cultured with normal fibroblasts, and scRNA-Seq analysis suggested distinct transcriptomic changes in alveolar epithelia supported by injured Pdgfra+ fibroblasts. In summary, while LipoFBs in injured lung have not migrated from their niche and retain their lipogenic identity, they acquire a potentially reversible fibrogenic profile, which may alter the kinetics of epithelial regeneration and potentially contribute to dysregulated repair, leading to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katina L. Johnson
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leesa J. Deterding
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason G. Williams
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Deloris Sutton
- Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Translational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charan Ganta
- Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Translational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, and
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K. Perl
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Pinmanee P, Sompinit K, Jantimaporn A, Khongkow M, Haltrich D, Nimchua T, Sukyai P. Purification and Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase Obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 on Bacterial Cellulose and Its Protective Effect against Oxidative Damage in Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1156. [PMID: 37509191 PMCID: PMC10377281 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an essential enzyme that eliminates harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating inside living cells. Due to its efficacities, SOD is widely applied in many applications. In this study, the purification of SOD produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 was conducted to obtain the purified SOD that exhibited specific activity of 513.74 U/mg with a purification factor of 10.36-fold. The inhibitory test revealed that the purified SOD was classified as Mn-SOD with an estimated molecular weight of 25 kDa on SDS-PAGE. After investigating the biochemical characterization, the purified SOD exhibited optimal activity under conditions of pH 7.0 and 35 °C, which are suitable for various applications. The stability test showed that the purified SOD rapidly decreased in activity under high temperatures. To overcome this, SOD was successfully immobilized on bacterial cellulose (BC), resulting in enhanced stability under those conditions. The immobilized SOD was investigated for its ability to eliminate ROS in fibroblasts. The results indicated that the immobilized SOD released and retained its function to regulate the ROS level inside the cells. Thus, the immobilized SOD on BC could be a promising candidate for application in many industries that require antioxidant functionality under operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phitsanu Pinmanee
- Biotechnology of Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds Special Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Sompinit
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Angkana Jantimaporn
- Nanomedicine and Veterinary Research Team, National Center of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- Nanomedicine and Veterinary Research Team, National Center of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Department for Food Science and Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thidarat Nimchua
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Prakit Sukyai
- Biotechnology of Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds Special Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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5
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Jandl K, Radic N, Zeder K, Kovacs G, Kwapiszewska G. Pulmonary vascular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension - The role of the extracellular matrix as a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108438. [PMID: 37210005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterized by changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and vascular remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries. These changes result in increased vessel wall thickness and lumen occlusion, leading to a loss of elasticity and vessel stiffening. Clinically, the mechanobiology of the pulmonary vasculature is becoming increasingly recognized for its prognostic and diagnostic value in PH. Specifically, the increased vascular fibrosis and stiffening resulting from ECM accumulation and crosslinking may be a promising target for the development of anti- or reverse-remodeling therapies. Indeed, there is a huge potential in therapeutic interference with mechano-associated pathways in vascular fibrosis and stiffening. The most direct approach is aiming to restore extracellular matrix homeostasis, by interference with its production, deposition, modification and turnover. Besides structural cells, immune cells contribute to the level of ECM maturation and degradation by direct cell-cell contact or the release of mediators and proteases, thereby opening a huge avenue to target vascular fibrosis via immunomodulation approaches. Indirectly, intracellular pathways associated with altered mechanobiology, ECM production, and fibrosis, offer a third option for therapeutic intervention. In PH, a vicious cycle of persistent activation of mechanosensing pathways such as YAP/TAZ initiates and perpetuates vascular stiffening, and is linked to key pathways disturbed in PH, such as TGF-beta/BMPR2/STAT. Together, this complexity of the regulation of vascular fibrosis and stiffening in PH allows the exploration of numerous potential therapeutic interventions. This review discusses connections and turning points of several of these interventions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Zeder
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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6
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Moustafa A, Perbandt M, Liebau E, Betzel C, Falke S. Crystal structure of an extracellular superoxide dismutase from Onchocerca volvulus and implications for parasite-specific drug development. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:232-240. [PMID: 35647680 PMCID: PMC9158661 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22005350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloproteins that are responsible for the dismutation of superoxide anion radicals. SODs are consequently protective against oxidative damage to cellular components. Among other protective mechanisms, the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus has a well developed defense system to scavenge toxic free radicals using SODs during migration and sojourning of the microfilariae and adult worms in the human body. O. volvulus is responsible for the neglected disease onchocerciasis or `river blindness'. In the present study, an extracellular Cu/Zn-SOD from O. volvulus (OvEC-SOD) was cloned, purified and crystallized to obtain structural insight into an attractive drug target with the potential to combat onchocerciasis. The recombinant OvEC-SOD forms a dimer and the protein structure was solved and refined to 1.55 Å resolution by X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, a sulfate ion supports the coordination of the conserved copper ion. The overall protein shape was verified by small-angle X-ray scattering. The enzyme shows a different surface charge distribution and different termini when compared with the homologous human SOD. A distinct hydrophobic cleft to which both protomers of the dimer contribute was utilized for a docking approach with compounds that have previously been identified as SOD inhibitors to highlight the potential for individual structure-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Moustafa
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Markus Perbandt
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Liebau
- Institut für Zoophysiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Betzel
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Falke
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Enhancing the Productivity and Stability of Superoxide Dismutase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 and Its Application as a Free Radical Scavenger. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is crucial antioxidant enzyme that plays a role in protecting cells against harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are generated inside cells. Due to its functionality, SOD is used in many applications. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 was selected as the SOD producer due to its high SOD production. After investigating an optimized medium, the major components were found to be molasses and yeast extract, which improved SOD production up to 3.97-fold compared to a synthetic medium. In addition, the optimized medium did not require any induction, which makes it suitable for applications in large-scale production. The SOD formulation was found to increase the stability of the conformational structure and prolong shelf-life. The results show that 1.0% (w/w) trehalose was the best additive, in giving the highest melting temperature by the DSF method and maintaining its activity at more than 80% after storage for 6 months. The obtained SOD was investigated for its cytotoxicity and ROS elimination against fibroblast cells. The results indicate that the SOD enhanced the proliferation and controlled ROS level inside the cells. Thus, the SOD obtained from S. cerevisiae TBRC657 cultured in the optimized medium could be a candidate for use as a ROS scavenger, which can be applied in many industries.
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Estornut C, Milara J, Bayarri MA, Belhadj N, Cortijo J. Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794997. [PMID: 35126133 PMCID: PMC8815729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nada Belhadj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Long life expectancy of populations in the developing world together with some cultural and social issues has driven the need to pay special attention to health and physical appearance. Cosmeceuticals are gaining interest in the cosmetic industry as their uses fulfills a double purpose: the requirements of a cosmetic (clean, perfume, protect, change the appearance of the external parts of the body or keeping them in good condition) with a particular bioactivity function. The cosmetics industry, producing both cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, is currently facing numerous challenges to satisfy different attitudes of consumers (vegetarianism, veganism, cultural or religious concerns, health or safety reasons, eco-friendly process, etc.). A currently growing trend in the market is the interest in products of low environmental impact. Marine origin ingredients are increasingly being incorporated into cosmeceutical preparations because they are able to address several consumer requirements and also due to the wide range of bioactivities they present (antioxidant, whitening, anti-aging, etc.). Many companies claim “Marine” as a distinctive marketing signal; however, only a few indicate whether they use sustainable ingredient sources. Sustainable marine ingredients might be obtained using wild marine biomass through a sustainable extractive fishing activity; by adopting valorization strategies including the use of fish discards and fish by-products; and by sustainably farming and culturing marine organisms.
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Lee MJ, Agrahari G, Kim HY, An EJ, Chun KH, Kang H, Kim YS, Bang CW, Tak LJ, Kim TY. Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Prevents Skin Aging by Promoting Collagen Production through the Activation of AMPK and Nrf2/HO-1 Cascades. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2344-2353.e7. [PMID: 33836179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With aging, the skin becomes thin and drastically loses collagen. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), also known as superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3, is the major SOD in the extracellular matrix of the tissues and is well-known to maintain the reduction‒oxidation homeostasis and matrix components of such tissues. However, the role of EC-SOD in aging-associated reductions of skin thickness and collagen production is not well-studied. In this study, we compared the histological differences in the dorsal skin of EC-SOD‒overexpressing transgenic mice (Sod3+/+) of different age groups with that in wild-type mice and also determined the underlying signaling mechanism. Our data showed that the skin thickness in Sod3+/+ mice significantly increased with aging compared with that in wild-type male mice. Furthermore, Sod3+/+ mice had promoted collagen production through the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in aged mice. Interestingly, subcutaneous injection of adeno-associated virus‒overexpressing EC-SOD exhibited increased skin thickness and collagen expression. Furthermore, combined recombinant EC-SOD and dihydrotestosterone treatment synergistically elevated collagen production through the activation of TGFβ in human dermal fibroblasts. Altogether, these results showed that EC-SOD prevents skin aging by promoting collagen production in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we propose that EC-SOD may be a potential therapeutic target for antiaging in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaurav Agrahari
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo An
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokgu Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soo Kim
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Whan Bang
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Jung Tak
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Matthiesen CL, Hu L, Torslev AS, Poulsen ET, Larsen UG, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Thomsen JS, Brüel A, Enghild JJ, Oxvig C, Petersen SV. Superoxide dismutase 3 is expressed in bone tissue and required for normal bone homeostasis and mineralization. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:399-409. [PMID: 33476796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular protein with the capacity to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, an important secondary messenger in redox regulation. To investigate the utility of zebrafish in functional studies of SOD3 and its relevance for redox regulation, we have characterized the zebrafish orthologues; Sod3a and Sod3b. Our analyses show that both recombinant Sod3a and Sod3b express SOD activity, however, only Sod3b is able to bind heparin. Furthermore, RT-PCR analyses reveal that sod3a and sod3b are expressed in zebrafish embryos and are present primarily in separate organs in adult zebrafish, suggesting distinct functions in vivo. Surprisingly, both RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization showed specific expression of sod3b in skeletal tissue. To further investigate this observation, we compared femoral bone obtained from wild-type and SOD3-/- mice to determine whether a functional difference was apparent in healthy adult mice. Here we report, that bone from SOD3-/- mice is less mineralized and characterized by significant reduction of cortical and trabecular thickness in addition to reduced mechanical strength. These analyses show that SOD3 plays a hitherto unappreciated role in bone development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ebbe T Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulrike G Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Novel and Converging Ways of NOX2 and SOD3 in Trafficking and Redox Signaling in Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020172. [PMID: 33503855 PMCID: PMC7911390 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and related tissue macrophage populations use the classical NADPH oxidase (NOX2) for the regulated production of superoxide and derived oxidants for pathogen combat and redox signaling. With an emphasis on macrophages, we discuss how sorting into secretory storage vesicles, agonist-responsive membrane trafficking, and segregation into sphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched microdomains (lipid rafts) determine the subcellular distribution and spatial organization of NOX2 and superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3). We discuss how inflammatory activation of macrophages, in part through small GTPase Rab27A/B regulation of the secretory compartments, mediates the coalescence of these two proteins on the cell surface to deliver a focalized hydrogen peroxide output. In interplay with membrane-embedded oxidant transporters and redox sensitive target proteins, this arrangement allows for the autocrine and paracrine signaling, which govern macrophage activation states and transcriptional programs. By discussing examples of autocrine and paracrine redox signaling, we highlight why formation of spatiotemporal microenvironments where produced superoxide is rapidly converted to hydrogen peroxide and conveyed immediately to reach redox targets in proximal vicinity is required for efficient redox signaling. Finally, we discuss the recent discovery of macrophage-derived exosomes as vehicles of NOX2 holoenzyme export to other cells.
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13
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Sudhahar V, Okur MN, O'Bryan JP, Minshall RD, Fulton D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T. Caveolin-1 stabilizes ATP7A, a copper transporter for extracellular SOD, in vascular tissue to maintain endothelial function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C933-C944. [PMID: 32936699 PMCID: PMC7789967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a scaffolding protein and a major component of caveolae/lipid rafts. Previous reports have shown that endothelial dysfunction in Cav-1-deficient (Cav-1-/-) mice is mediated by elevated oxidative stress through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and increased NADPH oxidase. Oxidant stress is the net balance of oxidant generation and scavenging, and the role of Cav-1 as a regulator of antioxidant enzymes in vascular tissue is poorly understood. Extracellular SOD (SOD3) is a copper (Cu)-containing enzyme that is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells/fibroblasts and subsequently binds to the endothelial cells surface, where it scavenges extracellular [Formula: see text] and preserves endothelial function. SOD3 activity is dependent on Cu, supplied by the Cu transporter ATP7A, but whether Cav-1 regulates the ATP7A-SOD3 axis and its role in oxidative stress-mediated vascular dysfunction has not been studied. Here we show that the activity of SOD3, but not SOD1, was significantly decreased in Cav-1-/- vessels, which was rescued by re-expression of Cav-1 or Cu supplementation. Loss of Cav-1 reduced ATP7A protein, but not mRNA, and this was mediated by ubiquitination of ATP7A and proteasomal degradation. ATP7A bound to Cav-1 and was colocalized with SOD3 in caveolae/lipid rafts or perinucleus in vascular tissues or cells. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in Cav-1-/- mice was rescued by gene transfer of SOD3 or by ATP7A-overexpressing transgenic mice. These data reveal an unexpected role of Cav-1 in stabilizing ATP7A protein expression by preventing its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby increasing SOD3 activity, which in turn protects against vascular oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadarajan Sudhahar
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mustafa Nazir Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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14
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Chen J, Fan R, Wang Y, Huang T, Shang N, He K, Zhang P, Zhang L, Niu Q, Zhang Q. Progressive impairment of learning and memory in adult zebrafish treated by Al 2O 3 nanoparticles when in embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126608. [PMID: 32957262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Al2O3 Nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) have been widely used because of their unique physical and chemical properties, and Al2O3-NPs can be released into the environment directly or indirectly. Our previous research found that 13 nm Al2O3-NPs can induce neural cell death and autophagy in primarily cultured neural cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine where Al2O3-NPs at 13 nm particle size can cause neural cells in vivo and assess related behavioural changes and involved potential mechanisms. Zebrafish from embryo to adult were selected as animal models. Learning and memory as functional indicators of neural cells in zebrafish were measured during the development from embryo to adult. Our results indicate that Al2O3-NPs treatment in zebrafish embryos stages can cause the accumulation of aluminium content in zebrafish brain tissue, leading to progressive impaired neurodevelopmental behaviours and latent learning and memory performance. Additionally, oxidative stress and disruption of dopaminergic transmission in zebrafish brain tissues are correlated with the dose-dependent and age-dependent accumulation of aluminium content. Moreover, the number of neural cells in the telencephalon tissue treated with Al2O3-NPs significantly declined, and the ultramicroscopic morphology indicated profound autophagy alternations. The results suggest that Al2O3-NPs has dose-dependent and time-dependent progressive damage on learning and memory performance in adult zebrafish when treated in embryos. This is the first study of the effects of Al2O3-NPs on learning and memory during the development of zebrafish from embryo to adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Kaihong He
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qinli Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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15
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Hohl M, Mayr M, Lang L, Nickel AG, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Yin X, Speer T, Selejan SR, Goettsch C, Erb K, Fecher-Trost C, Reil JC, Linz B, Ruf S, Hübschle T, Maack C, Böhm M, Sadowski T, Linz D. Cathepsin A contributes to left ventricular remodeling by degrading extracellular superoxide dismutase in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12605-12617. [PMID: 32647007 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, the serine carboxypeptidase cathepsin A (CatA) is distributed between lysosomes and the extracellular matrix (ECM). CatA-mediated degradation of extracellular peptides may contribute to ECM remodeling and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CatA overexpression on LV remodeling. A proteomic analysis of the secretome of adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts upon digestion by CatA identified the extracellular antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) as a novel substrate of CatA, which decreased EC-SOD abundance 5-fold. In vitro, both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts expressed and secreted CatA protein, and only cardiac fibroblasts expressed and secreted EC-SOD protein. Cardiomyocyte-specific CatA overexpression and increased CatA activity in the LV of transgenic mice (CatA-TG) reduced EC-SOD protein levels by 43%. Loss of EC-SOD-mediated antioxidative activity resulted in significant accumulation of superoxide radicals (WT, 4.54 μmol/mg tissue/min; CatA-TG, 8.62 μmol/mg tissue/min), increased inflammation, myocyte hypertrophy (WT, 19.8 μm; CatA-TG, 21.9 μm), cellular apoptosis, and elevated mRNA expression of hypertrophy-related and profibrotic marker genes, without affecting intracellular detoxifying proteins. In CatA-TG mice, LV interstitial fibrosis formation was enhanced by 19%, and the type I/type III collagen ratio was shifted toward higher abundance of collagen I fibers. Cardiac remodeling in CatA-TG was accompanied by an increased LV weight/body weight ratio and LV end diastolic volume (WT, 50.8 μl; CatA-TG, 61.9 μl). In conclusion, CatA-mediated EC-SOD reduction in the heart contributes to increased oxidative stress, myocyte hypertrophy, ECM remodeling, and inflammation, implicating CatA as a potential therapeutic target to prevent ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The James Black Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lang
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Alexander G Nickel
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The James Black Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Goettsch
- Medizinische Fakultät, Medizinische Klinik 1, Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Erb
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jan-Christian Reil
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitäres Herzzentrum, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Ruf
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Linz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany .,University Maastricht, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Guo H, Xu D, Kuroki M, Lu Z, Xu X, Geurts A, Osborn JW, Chen Y. Kidney failure, arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in rats with loss of function mutation of SOD3. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:787-796. [PMID: 31972339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a considerable medical and public health challenge, and the Dahl/Salt Sensitive (Dahl/SS) strain is often used for CKD study. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is important for removing extracellular superoxide anions and is highly expressed in renal tissue. Using a novel rat strain with loss-of-function mutation of SOD3 created by replacing glutamate 124 of SOD3 with aspartic acid (SOD3E124D rat strain), we determined the effect of SOD3 on renal function and blood pressure in Dahl/SS rats. We find that SOD3E124D rats are phenotypically indistinguishable from wild type rats through 8 weeks of age, but develop profound CKD characterized by focal necrosis and fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, massive proteinaceous cast accumulation with tubular dilatation, interstitial fibrosis with hypertension and renal failure by 21 weeks. The SOD3E124D strain represents a unique rat model that spontaneously develops CKD in an age-dependent fashion. The finding that loss of SOD3 causes CKD indicates that extracellular oxidative stress contributes to CKD and renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Guo
- Lillehei Heart Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dachun Xu
- Lillehei Heart Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA; Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcos Kuroki
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- Lillehei Heart Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Anti-doping Laboratory, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Aron Geurts
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS39216, USA.
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17
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Otoupalova E, Smith S, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:509-547. [PMID: 32163196 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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18
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Czech A, Merska-Kazanowska M, Całyniuk Z. Redox Status, Biochemical Parameters and Mineral Elements Content in Blood of Turkey Hens Fed a Diet Supplemented with Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast and Two Bacillus Species. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030459. [PMID: 32164315 PMCID: PMC7143441 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interest in Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) arises from the fact that it grows on the crude glycerol fraction derived from the production of diesel oil, so that it constitutes a link between biofuel by-products and animal feed. Studies have already been conducted on the use of Yarrowia lipolytica as a factor affecting the gut microbiota and fattening efficiency of turkeys, and the results have been promising. However, it has not been clarified whether Yarrowia lipolytica yeast can improve the availability of minerals as well as metabolic processes associated with redox reactions like Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC). The research shows that, Yarrowia lipolytica yeast stimulates more effectively antioxidant processes than Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and also improves the absorption of minerals. Therefore, it may be a more effective additive than the widely used Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in turkey feed. In addition, the experiment confirmed that the antioxidant effect of fodder yeast (especially Yarrowia lipolytica) can be enhanced by combining it with a probiotic bacteria. Hence, the combined use of yeast with a Bacillus species can be recommended in cases of the stimulation of oxidative reactions (e.g., stress or infection). Abstract The probiotic-prebiotic properties and chemical composition of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast (YL), predisposes it for use as a turkey feed additive. The aim of the study was to determine whether YL in the diet of turkeys would exert more beneficial effect by stimulating antioxidant reactions and increasing mineral availability than Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC). An additional aim of the study was to test whether the addition of a probiotic bacteria to feed containing Yarrowia lipolytica or Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast would enhance their effect. The study was conducted on turkeys from seven to 112 days of age to determine the effects of a 3% addition of YL to the diet, as an alternative to the standard SC. It was analysed whether the use of a probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis) together with yeast would be more effective. Both the yeast (YL or SC) and the probiotic stimulated antioxidant mechanisms (increased CAT; reduced MDA), but the addition of SC was less effective. The inclusion of YL in the feed increased the plasma content of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Fe in the blood turkeys and lowered the content of cholesterol and triacylglycerols. The combined use of yeast (YL or SC) with a probiotic enhances the antioxidant effect while inhibiting of lipid peroxidation. The combined use of yeast with a probiotic can be recommended in cases of stimulation of oxidative reactions (e.g., stress or infection)
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19
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Sah SK, Agrahari G, Kim TY. Insights into superoxide dismutase 3 in regulating biological and functional properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32128111 PMCID: PMC7045732 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied and implicated for the cell-based therapy in several diseases due to theirs immunomodulatory properties. Embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells have either ethical issues or concerns regarding the formation of teratomas, introduction of mutations into genome during prolonged culture, respectively which limit their uses in clinical settings. On the other hand, MSCs also encounter certain limitation of circumscribed survival and reduced immunomodulatory potential during transplantation. Plethora of research is undergoing to improve the efficacy of MSCs during therapy. Several compounds and novel techniques have been employed to increase the therapeutic potency of MSCs. MSCs secreted superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) may be the mechanism for exhibiting direct antioxidant activities by MSCs. SOD3 is a well known antioxidant enzyme and recently known to possess immunomodulatory properties. Along with superoxide scavenging property, SOD3 also displays anti-angiogenic, anti-chemotactic and anti-inflammatory functions in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic manners. In this review, we summarize the emerging role of SOD3 secreted from MSCs and SOD3’s effects during cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- 1Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032 USA.,2Laboratory of Dermato-immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Gaurav Agrahari
- 2Laboratory of Dermato-immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- 2Laboratory of Dermato-immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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20
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Allawzi A, McDermott I, Delaney C, Nguyen K, Banimostafa L, Trumpie A, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Riemondy K, Gillen A, Hesselberth J, El Kasmi K, Sucharov CC, Janssen WJ, Stenmark K, Bowler R, Nozik-Grayck E. Redistribution of EC-SOD resolves bleomycin-induced inflammation via increased apoptosis of recruited alveolar macrophages. FASEB J 2019; 33:13465-13475. [PMID: 31560857 PMCID: PMC6894081 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901038rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix-binding domain of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), with arginine to glycine substitution at position 213 (R213G), redistributes EC-SOD from the matrix into extracellular fluids. We reported that, following bleomycin (bleo), knockin mice harboring the human R213G SNP (R213G mice) exhibit enhanced resolution of inflammation and protection against fibrosis, compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the EC-SOD R213G SNP promotes resolution via accelerated apoptosis of recruited alveolar macrophage (AM). RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 7 d postbleo in recruited AM implicated increased apoptosis and blunted inflammatory responses in the R213G strain exhibiting accelerated resolution. We validated that the percentage of apoptosis was significantly elevated in R213G recruited AM vs. WT at 3 and 7 d postbleo in vivo. Recruited AM numbers were also significantly decreased in R213G mice vs. WT at 3 and 7 d postbleo. ChaC glutathione-specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1), a proapoptotic γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase that depletes glutathione, was increased in the R213G recruited AM. Overexpression of Chac1 in vitro induced apoptosis of macrophages and was blocked by administration of cell-permeable glutathione. In summary, we provide new evidence that redistributed EC-SOD accelerates the resolution of inflammation through redox-regulated mechanisms that increase recruited AM apoptosis.-Allawzi, A., McDermott, I., Delaney, C., Nguyen, K., Banimostafa, L., Trumpie, A., Hernandez-Lagunas, L., Riemondy, K., Gillen, A., Hesselberth, J., El Kasmi, K., Sucharov, C. C., Janssen, W. J., Stenmark, K., Bowler, R., Nozik-Grayck, E. Redistribution of EC-SOD resolves bleomycin-induced inflammation via increased apoptosis of recruited alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ivy McDermott
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kianna Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laith Banimostafa
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashley Trumpie
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kent Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karim El Kasmi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carmen C. Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | | | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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21
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Anti-oxidative effects of superoxide dismutase 3 on inflammatory diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:59-69. [PMID: 31724066 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants are critical determinants of the cellular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases including inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective effects of antioxidant enzymes during inflammation by elimination of free radicals. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, plays an essential pathogenic role in the inflammatory diseases by not only catalyzing the conversion of the superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen but also affecting immune responses. There are three distinct isoforms of SOD, which distribute in different cellular compartments such as cytosolic SOD1, mitochondrial SOD2, and extracellular SOD3. Many studies have investigated the anti-oxidative effects of SOD3 in the inflammatory diseases. Herein, in this review, we focus on the current understanding of SOD3 as a therapeutic protein in inflammatory diseases such as skin, autoimmune, lung, and cardiovascular inflammatory diseases. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which SOD3 modulates immune responses and signal initiation in the pathogenesis of the diseases will be further discussed.
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S-Nitrosylation: An Emerging Paradigm of Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090404. [PMID: 31533268 PMCID: PMC6769533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule, generated through metabolism of L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Abnormal NO levels in mammalian cells are associated with multiple human diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that the NO signaling is compartmentalized, owing to the localization of NOS and the nature of biochemical reactions of NO, including S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation is a selective covalent post-translational modification adding a nitrosyl group to the reactive thiol group of a cysteine to form S-nitrosothiol (SNO), which is a key mechanism in transferring NO-mediated signals. While S-nitrosylation occurs only at select cysteine thiols, such a spatial constraint is partially resolved by transnitrosylation, where the nitrosyl moiety is transferred between two interacting proteins to successively transfer the NO signal to a distant location. As NOS is present in various subcellular locales, a stress could trigger concerted S-nitrosylation and transnitrosylation of a large number of proteins involved in divergent signaling cascades. S-nitrosylation is an emerging paradigm of redox signaling by which cells confer protection against oxidative stress.
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The dynamic uptake and release of SOD3 from intracellular stores in macrophages modulates the inflammatory response. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101268. [PMID: 31326693 PMCID: PMC6639747 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular enzyme with the capacity to modulate extracellular redox conditions by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In addition to synthesis and release of this extracellular protein via the secretory pathway, several studies have shown that the protein also localizes to intracellular compartments in neutrophils and macrophages. Here we show that human macrophages release SOD3 from an intracellular compartment within 30 min following LPS stimulation. This release acutely increases the level of SOD3 on the cell surface as well as in the extracellular environment. Generation of the intracellular compartment in macrophages is supported by endocytosis of extracellular SOD3 via the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages established from wild-type and SOD3−/− mice, we further show that the pro-inflammatory profile established in LPS-stimulated cells is altered in the absence of SOD3, suggesting that the active release of this protein affects the inflammatory response. The internalization and acute release from stimulated macrophages indicates that SOD3 not only functions as a passive antioxidant in the extracellular environment, but also plays an active role in modulating redox signaling to support biological responses. Stimulated macrophages release SOD3 from a pre-formed intracellular compartment. The intracellular compartment is established by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Release of SOD3 from stimulated macrophages modulates the inflammatory response. The level of SOD3 in the extracellular space is actively controlled.
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Ding L, Li W, Li N, Liang L, Zhang X, Jin H, Shi H, Storey KB, Hong M. Antioxidant responses to salinity stress in an invasive species, the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) and involvement of a TOR-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 219:59-67. [PMID: 30738853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), a freshwater turtle, is an invasive species in many parts of the world where it survives in both freshwater and coastal saline habitats. High salinity can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lead to oxidative damage. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant defense mechanisms of T. s. elegans in response to salinity stress. The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SODs), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PXs) were significantly increased in both 5 psu and 15 psu groups at the early stages of salinity exposure (generally 6-48 h), but typically returned to control levels after the longest 30 d exposure. In addition, hepatic and cardiac mRNA levels of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), showed a similar upregulation as an early response to stress, but decreased at 30 d in the 5 psu and 15 psu groups. The mRNA levels of the negative regulator of Nrf2, kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), exhibited the opposite pattern. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) in liver and heart showed roughly similar patterns to those for Nrf2. Furthermore, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in liver, especially in the 15 psu group by ~2.5-fold. Taken together, these results indicate that T. s. elegans may activate the TOR-Nrf2 pathway to modulate antioxidant genes transcription in order to promote enhanced antioxidant defense in response to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Lingyue Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Huilin Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China.
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Sbodio JI, Snyder SH, Paul BD. Redox Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration: From Disease Outcomes to Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1450-1499. [PMID: 29634350 PMCID: PMC6393771 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Once considered to be mere by-products of metabolism, reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species are now recognized to play important roles in diverse cellular processes such as response to pathogens and regulation of cellular differentiation. It is becoming increasingly evident that redox imbalance can impact several signaling pathways. For instance, disturbances of redox regulation in the brain mediate neurodegeneration and alter normal cytoprotective responses to stress. Very often small disturbances in redox signaling processes, which are reversible, precede damage in neurodegeneration. Recent Advances: The identification of redox-regulated processes, such as regulation of biochemical pathways involved in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the brain has provided deeper insights into mechanisms of neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have also identified several post-translational modifications involving reactive cysteine residues, such as nitrosylation and sulfhydration, which fine-tune redox regulation. Thus, the study of mechanisms via which cell death occurs in several neurodegenerative disorders, reveal several similarities and dissimilarities. Here, we review redox regulated events that are disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders and whose modulation affords therapeutic opportunities. CRITICAL ISSUES Although accumulating evidence suggests that redox imbalance plays a significant role in progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, precise understanding of redox regulated events is lacking. Probes and methodologies that can precisely detect and quantify in vivo levels of reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species are not available. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Due to the importance of redox control in physiologic processes, organisms have evolved multiple pathways to counteract redox imbalance and maintain homeostasis. Cells and tissues address stress by harnessing an array of both endogenous and exogenous redox active substances. Targeting these pathways can help mitigate symptoms associated with neurodegeneration and may provide avenues for novel therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 1450-1499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Sbodio
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yazlık MO, Çolakoğlu HE, Pekcan M, Kaya U, Kaçar C, Vural MR, Kurt S, Baş A, Küplülü Ş. The evaluation of superoxide dismutase activity, neutrophil function, and metabolic profile in cows with retained placenta. Theriogenology 2019; 128:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lepetsos P, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Redox and NF-κB signaling in osteoarthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:90-100. [PMID: 30236789 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human cells have to deal with the constant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although ROS overproduction might be harmful to cell biology, there are plenty of data showing that moderate levels of ROS control gene expression by maintaining redox signaling. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder with a multi-factorial etiology including overproduction of ROS. ROS overproduction in OA modifies intracellular signaling, chondrocyte life cycle, metabolism of cartilage matrix and contributes to synovial inflammation and dysfunction of the subchondral bone. In arthritic tissues, the NF-κB signaling pathway can be activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, mechanical stress, and extracellular matrix degradation products. This activation results in regulation of expression of many cytokines, inflammatory mediators, transcription factors, and several matrix-degrading enzymes. Overall, NF-κB signaling affects cartilage matrix remodeling, chondrocyte apoptosis, synovial inflammation, and has indirect stimulatory effects on downstream regulators of terminal chondrocyte differentiation. Interaction between redox signaling and NF-κB transcription factors seems to play a distinctive role in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Lepetsos
- Fourth Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, 'KAT' General Hospital, Kifissia, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Yarahmadi R, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Oxidative/nitrosative stress, autophagy and apoptosis as therapeutic targets of melatonin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:1049-1061. [PMID: 30445883 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1541318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease associated with disruption of alveolar epithelial cell layer and expansion of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Excessive levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress, induction of apoptosis, and insufficient autophagy may be involved in IPF pathogenesis; hence, the targeting of these pathways may ameliorate IPF. Areas covered: We describe the ameliorative effect of melatonin on IPF. We summarize the research on IPF pathogenesis with a focus on oxidative/nitrosative stress, autophagy and apoptosis pathways and discuss the potential effects of melatonin on these pathways. Expert opinion: Oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis and autophagy could be interesting targets for therapeutic intervention in IPF. Melatonin, as a potent antioxidant, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes, scavenges free radicals and modulates apoptosis and autophagy pathways. The effect of melatonin in the induction of autophagy could be an important mechanism against fibrotic process in IPF lungs. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine if melatonin could be a candidate for treating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- a Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- c Department of Cellular and Structural Biology , UT Health , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Rasoul Yarahmadi
- d Department of Occupational Health , Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- e Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- a Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Wang X, Song Q, Wang Z, Han F. A novel extracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase identified from Nibea albiflora and its characteristics under ammonia/nitrite stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:608-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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In silico prediction of targets for anti-angiogenesis and their in vitro evaluation confirm the involvement of SOD3 in angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17349-17367. [PMID: 29707113 PMCID: PMC5915121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocomputational network approaches are being successfully applied to predict and extract previously unknown information of novel molecular components of biological systems. In the present work, we have used this approach to predict new potential targets of anti-angiogenic therapies. For experimental validation of predictions, we made use of two in vitro assays related to two key steps of the angiogenic process, namely, endothelial cell migration and formation of "tubular-like" structures on Matrigel. From 7 predicted candidates, experimental tests clearly show that superoxide dismutase 3 silencing or blocking with specific antibodies inhibit both key steps of angiogenesis. This experimental validation was further confirmed with additional in vitro assays showing that superoxide dismutase 3 blocking produces inhibitory effects on the capacity of endothelial cells to form "tubular-like" structure within type I collagen matrix, to adhere to elastin-coated plates and to invade a Matrigel layer. Furthermore, angiogenesis was also inhibited in the en vivo aortic ring assay and in the in vivo mouse Matrigel plug assay. Therefore, superoxide dismutase 3 is confirmed as a putative target for anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Zhou Y, Horowitz JC, Naba A, Ambalavanan N, Atabai K, Balestrini J, Bitterman PB, Corley RA, Ding BS, Engler AJ, Hansen KC, Hagood JS, Kheradmand F, Lin QS, Neptune E, Niklason L, Ortiz LA, Parks WC, Tschumperlin DJ, White ES, Chapman HA, Thannickal VJ. Extracellular matrix in lung development, homeostasis and disease. Matrix Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524630 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung's unique extracellular matrix (ECM), while providing structural support for cells, is critical in the regulation of developmental organogenesis, homeostasis and injury-repair responses. The ECM, via biochemical or biomechanical cues, regulates diverse cell functions, fate and phenotype. The composition and function of lung ECM become markedly deranged in pathological tissue remodeling. ECM-based therapeutics and bioengineering approaches represent promising novel strategies for regeneration/repair of the lung and treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this review, we assess the current state of lung ECM biology, including fundamental advances in ECM composition, dynamics, topography, and biomechanics; the role of the ECM in normal and aberrant lung development, adult lung diseases and autoimmunity; and ECM in the regulation of the stem cell niche. We identify opportunities to advance the field of lung ECM biology and provide a set recommendations for research priorities to advance knowledge that would inform novel approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | | | - Kamran Atabai
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | | | | | - Richard A Corley
- Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States.
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, United States.
| | - James S Hagood
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Qing S Lin
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, United States.
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Laura Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, United States.
| | - Luis A Ortiz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States.
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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Griess B, Tom E, Domann F, Teoh-Fitzgerald M. Extracellular superoxide dismutase and its role in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:464-479. [PMID: 28842347 PMCID: PMC5685559 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of cellular signaling and a strict balance of ROS levels must be maintained to ensure proper cellular function and survival. Notably, ROS is increased in cancer cells. The superoxide dismutase family plays an essential physiological role in mitigating deleterious effects of ROS. Due to the compartmentalization of ROS signaling, EcSOD, the only superoxide dismutase in the extracellular space, has unique characteristics and functions in cellular signal transduction. In comparison to the other two intracellular SODs, EcSOD is a relatively new comer in terms of its tumor suppressive role in cancer and the mechanisms involved are less well understood. Nevertheless, the degree of differential expression of this extracellular antioxidant in cancer versus normal cells/tissues is more pronounced and prevalent than the other SODs. A significant association of low EcSOD expression with reduced cancer patient survival further suggests that loss of extracellular redox regulation promotes a conducive microenvironment that favors cancer progression. The vast array of mechanisms reported in mediating deregulation of EcSOD expression, function, and cellular distribution also supports that loss of this extracellular antioxidant provides a selective advantage to cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of EcSOD inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, indicating a role as a tumor suppressor. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms of deregulation and tumor suppressive function of EcSOD in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Griess
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Eric Tom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Frederick Domann
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, United States
| | - Melissa Teoh-Fitzgerald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Buffett Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Tissue Injury: An Insight into the Role of Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Oxidative Stress Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040075. [PMID: 28956814 PMCID: PMC5745485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The short- and long-term side effects of chemotherapy limit the maximum therapeutic dose and impair quality of life of survivors. Injury to normal tissues, especially chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, is an unintended outcome that presents devastating health impacts. Approximately half of the drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer treatment are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, and Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of them. Dox undergoes redox cycling by involving its quinone structure in the production of superoxide free radicals, which are thought to be instrumental to the role it plays in cardiomyopathy. Dox-induced protein oxidation changes protein function, translocation, and aggregation that are toxic to cells. To maintain cellular homeostasis, oxidized proteins can be degraded intracellularly by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or by autophagy, depending on the redox status of the cell. Alternatively, the cell can remove oxidized proteins by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be transferred to neighboring or distant cells, thereby instigating an intercellular oxidative stress response. In this article, we discuss the role of EVs in oxidative stress response, the potential of EVs as sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress, and the role of superoxide dismutase in attenuating EV-associated oxidative stress response resulting from chemotherapy.
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Gaurav R, Varasteh JT, Weaver MR, Jacobson SR, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Liu Q, Nozik-Grayck E, Chu HW, Alam R, Nordestgaard BG, Kobylecki CJ, Afzal S, Chupp GL, Bowler RP. The R213G polymorphism in SOD3 protects against allergic airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95072. [PMID: 28878123 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD; SOD3) is the major antioxidant in lungs, but its role in allergic asthma is unknown. Here we report that asthmatics have increased SOD3 transcript levels in sputum and that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SOD3 (R213G; rs1799895) changes lung distribution of EC-SOD, and decreases likelihood of asthma-related symptoms. Knockin mice analogous to the human R213G SNP had lower airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion with decreased interleukin-33 (IL-33) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in lungs. SOD mimetic (Mn (III) tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin) attenuated Alternaria-induced expression of IL-33 and IL-8 release in BEAS-2B cells. These results suggest that R213G SNP potentially benefits its carriers by resulting in high EC-SOD in airway-lining fluid, which ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by dampening the innate immune response, including IL-33/ST2-mediated changes in ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gaurav
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason T Varasteh
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Weaver
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Shoaib Afzal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey L Chupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Russell P Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Guo L, Xu L, Wu T, Fu S, Qiu Y, Hu CAA, Ren X, Liu R, Ye M. Evaluation of recombinant protein superoxide dismutase of Haemophilus parasuis strain SH0165 as vaccine candidate in a mouse model. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:312-320. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis can cause a severe membrane inflammation disorder. It has been documented that superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a potential target to treat systemic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we constructed an experimental H. parasuis subunit vaccine SOD and determined the protective efficacy of SOD using a lethal dose challenge against H. parasuis serovar 4 strain MD0322 and serovar 5 strain SH0165 in a mouse model. The results demonstrated that SOD could induce a strong humoral immune response in mice and provide significant immunoprotection efficacy against a lethal dose of H. parasuis serovar 4 strain MD0322 or serovar 5 strain SH0165 challenge. IgG subtype analysis indicated SOD protein could trigger a bias toward a Th1-type immune response and induce the proliferation of splenocytes and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ of splenocytes. In addition, serum in mice from the SOD-immunized group could inhibit the growth of strain MD0322 and strain SH0165 in the whole-blood killing bacteria assay. This is the first report that immunization of mice with SOD protein could provide protective effect against a lethal dose of H. parasuis serovar 4 and serovar 5 challenge in mice, which may provide a novel approach against heterogeneous serovar infection of H. parasuis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xinglong Ren
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Ye
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People’s Republic of China
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Homeobox, Wnt, and Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling is Augmented During Alveogenesis in Mice Lacking Superoxide Dismutase 3, Extracellular. Lung 2017; 195:263-270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-9980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jun S, Dory L. Allele-Specific Effects on Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Synthesis and Secretion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2017.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Redox Regulation of the Superoxide Dismutases SOD3 and SOD2 in the Pulmonary Circulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:57-70. [PMID: 29047081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
When evaluating the role of redox-regulating signaling in pulmonary vascular diseases, it is intriguing to consider the modulation of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) because SOD isoforms are regulated by redox reactions, and, in turn, modulate downstream redox sensitive processes. The emerging field of redox biology is built upon understanding the regulation and consequences of tightly controlled and specific reduction-oxidation reactions that are critical for diverse cellular processes including cell signaling. Of relevance, both the site of production of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the site of the antioxidant defenses are highly compartmentalized within the cell. For example, superoxide is generated during oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria as well as by a number of enzymatic sources within the cytosol and at the cell membrane. In the pulmonary circulation, these sources include the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases (NOX1-4, Duox1,2), nitric oxide synthases, and xanthine oxidase; this important topic has been thoroughly reviewed recently [1]. In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). This chapter focuses on the role of redox mechanisms regulating SOD2 and SOD3, with an emphasis on these processes in the setting of pulmonary hypertension.
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Ota F, Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Adachi T, Taniguchi N. N-Glycosylation is essential for the secretion of extracellular superoxide dismutase. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3357-3367. [PMID: 27567024 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) protects against various oxidative stress-related diseases by scavenging reactive superoxides in the extracellular space. It is the only SOD isozyme that is secreted and glycosylated (at asparagine 89). However, the physiological roles of its glycosylation are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the glycosylation site on EC-SOD is well conserved and that a glycosylation-deficient EC-SOD mutant retains its enzymatic activity, but is not secreted. This impairment in secretion may, in part, be due to the ability of the mutants to form unusual higher order oligomers. Our findings reveal that the glycan modification is a key regulator of EC-SOD secretion and contributes to the understanding of the roles of glycans in EC-SOD-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Ota
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Plank Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Plank Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Plank Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Plank Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Iversen MB, Gottfredsen RH, Larsen UG, Enghild JJ, Praetorius J, Borregaard N, Petersen SV. Extracellular superoxide dismutase is present in secretory vesicles of human neutrophils and released upon stimulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:478-488. [PMID: 27394172 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme present in the extracellular matrix (ECM), where it provides protection against oxidative degradation of matrix constituents including type I collagen and hyaluronan. The enzyme is known to associate with macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) and increasing evidence supports a role for EC-SOD in the development of an inflammatory response. Here we show that human EC-SOD is present at the cell surface of isolated neutrophils as well as stored within secretory vesicles. Interestingly, we find that EC-SOD mRNA is absent throughout neutrophil maturation indicating that the protein is synthesized by other cells and subsequently endocytosed by the neutrophil. When secretory vesicles were mobilized by neutrophil stimulation using formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the protein was released into the extracellular space and found to associate with DNA released from stimulated cells. The functional consequences were evaluated by the use of neutrophils isolated from wild-type and EC-SOD KO mice, and showed that EC-SOD release significantly reduce the level of superoxide in the extracellular space, but does not affect the capacity to generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Consequently, our data signifies that EC-SOD released from activated neutrophils affects the redox conditions of the extracellular space and may offer protection against highly reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals otherwise generated as a result of respiratory burst activity of activated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Iversen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrike G Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Praetorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Borregaard
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen V Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Tiku ML, Madhan B. Preserving the longevity of long-lived type II collagen and its implication for cartilage therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 28:62-71. [PMID: 27133944 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human life expectancy has been steadily increasing at a rapid rate, but this increasing life span also brings about increases in diseases, dementia, and disability. A global burden of disease 2010 study revealed that hip and knee osteoarthritis ranked the 11th highest in terms of years lived with disability. Wear and tear can greatly influence the quality of life during ageing. In particular, wear and tear of the articular cartilage have adverse effects on joints and result in osteoarthritis. The articular cartilage uses longevity of type II collagen as the foundation around which turnover of proteoglycans and the homeostatic activity of chondrocytes play central roles thereby maintaining the function of articular cartilage in the ageing. The longevity of type II collagen involves a complex interaction of the scaffolding needs of the cartilage and its biochemical, structural and mechanical characteristics. The covalent cross-linking of heterotypic polymers of collagens type II, type IX and type XI hold together cartilage, allowing it to withstand ageing stresses. Discerning the biological clues in the armamentarium for preserving cartilage appears to be collagen cross-linking. Therapeutic methods to crosslink in in-vivo are non-existent. However intra-articular injections of polyphenols in vivo stabilize the cartilage and make it resistant to degradation, opening a new therapeutic possibility for prevention and intervention of cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti L Tiku
- Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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A common theme in extracellular fluids of beetles: extracellular superoxide dismutases crucial for balancing ROS in response to microbial challenge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24082. [PMID: 27068683 PMCID: PMC4828634 DOI: 10.1038/srep24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SODs) are critical for balancing the level of reactive oxygen species in the extracellular matrix of eukaryotes. In the present study we have detected constitutive SOD activity in the haemolymph and defensive secretions of different leaf beetle species. Exemplarily, we have chosen the mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae, as representative model organism to investigate the role of extracellular SODs in antimicrobial defence. Qualitative and quantitative proteome analyses resulted in the identification of two extracellular Cu/Zn SODs in the haemolymph and one in the defensive secretions of juvenile P. cochleariae. Furthermore, quantitative expression studies indicated fat body tissue and defensive glands as the main synthesis sites of these SODs. Silencing of the two SODs revealed one of them, PcSOD3.1, as the only relevant enzyme facilitating SOD activity in haemolymph and defensive secretions in vivo. Upon challenge with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, PcSOD3.1-deficient larvae exhibited a significantly higher mortality compared to other SOD-silenced groups. Hence, our results serve as a basis for further research on SOD regulated host-pathogen interactions. In defensive secretions PcSOD3.1-silencing affected neither deterrent production nor activity against fungal growth. Instead, we propose another antifungal mechanism based on MRJP/yellow proteins in the defensive exudates.
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43
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Park KY, Kim EY, Lee W, Kim TY, Kim WT. Expression, subcellular localization, and enzyme activity of a recombinant human extra-cellular superoxide dismutase in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana L.). Protein Expr Purif 2016; 119:69-74. [PMID: 26611610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (hEC-SOD) is an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because of its antioxidant activity, hEC-SOD has been used as a therapeutic protein to treat skin disease and arthritis in mammalian systems. In this study, codon-optimized hEC-SOD was expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana L.) via a plant-based transient protein expression system. Plant expression binary vectors containing full-length hEC-SOD (f-hEC-SOD) and modified hEC-SOD (m-hEC-SOD), in which the signal peptide and heparin-binding domain were deleted, were constructed for the cytosolic-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-, and chloroplast-localizations in tobacco leaf mesophyll cells. The results demonstrated that f-hEC-SOD was more efficiently expressed in the cytosolic fractions than in the ER or chloroplasts of tobacco cells. Our data further indicated that differently localized f-hEC-SOD and m-hEC-SOD displayed SOD enzyme activities, suggesting that the hEC-SODs expressed by plants may be functionally active. The f-hEC-SOD was expressed up to 3.8% of the total leaf soluble protein and the expression yield was calculated to be 313.7 μg f-hEC-SOD per g fresh weight of leaf. Overall, our results reveal that it was possible to express catalytically active hEC-SODs by means of a transient plant expression system in tobacco leaf cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Laboratory of Dermatology-immunology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Mižíková I, Morty RE. The Extracellular Matrix in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Target and Source. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:91. [PMID: 26779482 PMCID: PMC4688343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units. BPD results from life-saving interventions, such as mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation used to manage preterm infants with acute respiratory failure, which may be complicated by pulmonary infection. The pathogenic pathways driving BPD are not well-delineated but include disturbances to the coordinated action of gene expression, cell-cell communication, physical forces, and cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which together guide normal lung development. Efforts to further delineate these pathways have been assisted by the use of animal models of BPD, which rely on infection, injurious mechanical ventilation, or oxygen supplementation, where histopathological features of BPD can be mimicked. Notable among these are perturbations to ECM structures, namely, the organization of the elastin and collagen networks in the developing lung. Dysregulated collagen deposition and disturbed elastin fiber organization are pathological hallmarks of clinical and experimental BPD. Strides have been made in understanding the disturbances to ECM production in the developing lung, but much still remains to be discovered about how ECM maturation and turnover are dysregulated in aberrantly developing lungs. This review aims to inform the reader about the state-of-the-art concerning the ECM in BPD, to highlight the gaps in our knowledge and current controversies, and to suggest directions for future work in this exciting and complex area of lung development (patho)biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
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Inflammation and intracellular metabolism: new targets in OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1835-42. [PMID: 26521729 PMCID: PMC4668929 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage degeneration is hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Low-grade chronic inflammation in the joint can promote OA progression. Emerging evidence indicates that bioenergy sensors couple metabolism with inflammation to switch physiological and clinical phenotypes. Changes in cellular bioenergy metabolism can reprogram inflammatory responses, and inflammation can disturb cellular energy balance and increase cell stress. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are two critical bioenergy sensors that regulate energy balance at both cellular and whole-body levels. Dysregulation of AMPK and SIRT1 has been implicated in diverse human diseases and aging. This review reveals recent findings on the role of AMPK and SIRT1 in joint tissue homeostasis and OA, with a focus on how AMPK and SIRT1 in articular chondrocytes modulate intracellular energy metabolism during stress responses (e.g., inflammatory responses) and how these changes dictate specific effector functions, and discusses translational significance of AMPK and SIRT1 as new therapeutic targets for OA.
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46
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Sources of marine superoxide dismutases: Characteristics and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:627-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Morales K, Olesen MN, Poulsen ET, Larsen UG, Enghild JJ, Petersen SV. The effects of hypochlorous acid and neutrophil proteases on the structure and function of extracellular superoxide dismutase. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:38-46. [PMID: 25582887 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is expressed by both macrophages and neutrophils and is known to influence the inflammatory response. Upon activation, neutrophils generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and secrete proteases to combat invading microorganisms. This produces a hostile environment in which enzymatic activity in general is challenged. In this study, we show that EC-SOD exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of HOCl remains enzymatically active and retains the heparin-binding capacity, although HOCl exposure established oxidative modification of the N-terminal region (Met32) and the formation of an intermolecular cross-link in a fraction of the molecules. The cross-linking was also induced by activated neutrophils. Moreover, we show that the neutrophil-derived proteases human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G cleaved the N-terminal region of EC-SOD irrespective of HOCl oxidation. Although the cleavage by elastase did not affect the quaternary structure, the cleavage by cathepsin G dissociated the molecule to produce EC-SOD monomers. The present data suggest that EC-SOD is stable and active at the site of inflammation and that neutrophils have the capacity to modulate the biodistribution of the protein by generating EC-SOD monomers that can diffuse into tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Ebbe Toftgaard Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrike G Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Laukkanen MO, Cammarota F, Esposito T, Salvatore M, Castellone MD. Extracellular superoxide dismutase regulates the expression of small gtpase regulatory proteins GEFs, GAPs, and GDI. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121441. [PMID: 25751262 PMCID: PMC4353720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide at the cell membranes, regulates the cellular growth in a dose-dependent manner. This enzyme induces primary cell proliferation and immortalization at low expression levels whereas it activates cancer barrier signaling through the p53-p21 pathway at high expression levels, causing growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. Because previous reports suggested that the SOD3–induced reduction in the rates of cellular growth and migration also occurred in the absence of functional p53 signaling, in the current study we investigated the SOD3-induced growth-suppressive mechanisms in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Based on our data, the robust over-expression of SOD3 increased the level of phosphorylation of the EGFR, ERBB2, RYK, ALK, FLT3, and EPHA10 receptor tyrosine kinases with the consequent downstream activation of the SRC, FYN, YES, HCK, and LYN kinases. However, pull-down experiments focusing on the small GTPase RAS, RAC, CDC42, and RHO revealed a reduced level of growth and migration signal transduction, such as the lack of stimulation of the mitogen pathway, in the SOD3 over-expressing cells, which was confirmed by MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 Western blotting analysis. Interestingly, the mRNA expression analyses indicated that SOD3 regulated the expression of guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (RHO GEF16, RAL GEF RGL1), GTPase-activating proteins (ARFGAP ADAP2, RAS GAP RASAL1, RGS4), and a Rho guanine nucleotide-disassociation inhibitor (RHO GDI 2) in a dose dependent manner, thus controlling signaling through the small G protein GTPases. Therefore, our current data may suggest the occurrence of dose-dependent SOD3–driven control of the GTP loading of small G proteins indicating a novel growth regulatory mechanism of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Salvatore
- Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D. Castellone
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS/CNR), Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zhao X, Petursson F, Viollet B, Lotz M, Terkeltaub R, Liu-Bryan R. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and FoxO3A mediate chondroprotection by AMP-activated protein kinase. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3073-82. [PMID: 25047750 DOI: 10.1002/art.38791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits chondrocyte procatabolic responses to inflammation and biomechanical injury. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and FoxO3A, 2 major AMPK downstream targets, mediate the chondroprotective effect of AMPK activation. METHODS We assessed the activity of AMPKα (threonine 172 phosphorylation) and the expression of PGC-1α and FoxO3A in human chondrocytes and AMPKα1- or AMPKα2-knockout mouse chondrocytes by Western blotting, and in mouse knee cartilage by immunohistochemistry. We also knocked down or overexpressed PGC-1α and FoxO3A by small interfering RNA or plasmid DNA transfection, respectively. We assessed mitochondrial superoxide generation using MitoSOX Red. RESULTS Expression of PGC-1α and FoxO3A was enhanced by pharmacologic AMPK activator A-769662 but impaired in AMPKα1(-/-) or AMPKα2(-/-) mouse chondrocytes. Reduced expression of PGC-1α and FoxO3A was observed in mouse knee instability-induced osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage and in aged C57BL/6 mouse knee cartilage. Knockdown of PGC-1α and FoxO3A enhanced, but limited the ability of A-769662 to inhibit, phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB (Ser(536) ) and procatabolic responses induced by inflammatory cytokines. Forced expression of PGC-1α and FoxO3A induced increased expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase, but A-769662 failed to increase the expression of SOD2 and catalase in either PGC-1α- or FoxO3A-knockdown chondrocytes. Last, menadione-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by AMPK pharmacologic activators and by overexpression of PGC-1α or FoxO3A. CONCLUSION PGC-1α and FoxO3A limit oxidative stress and at least partially mediate the capacity of AMPK activity to block procatabolic responses in chondrocytes, and therefore have the potential to inhibit the progression of cartilage damage in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianling Zhao
- VA San Diego Medical Center and University of California, San Diego
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50
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu R, Liu C, Chen Y. Molecular Mechanism of Lead-Induced Superoxide Dismutase Inactivation in Zebrafish Livers. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14820-6. [PMID: 25494975 DOI: 10.1021/jp511056t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead toxicity has been proved to be related with inducing oxidative stress of organisms and causing inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, the mechanism of which remains unknown. This study investigated and compared superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) activity inhibited in lead-treated zebrafish livers and explored the mechanism of SOD inactivation by lead at the molecular level using multiple spectroscopic techniques, isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) measurement, molecular docking study and ICP-AES detection. Results showed lead exposure decreased SOD activities in zebrafish livers due to direct interactions between lead and SOD, resulting in conformational and functional changes of the enzyme. To be specific, Studies at the molecular level indicated that lead bound into the active site channel of SOD, hindered the path of the catalytic substrate (O(2)(-•)), damaged its skeleton conformation and secondary structure, and interacted with the enzymatically related residue (Arg 141) through electrostatic forces (ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0), and caused the release of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) from the catalytic pocket of SOD. This work shows a correlation between results on organismal and molecular levels, and obtains a possible model hypothesizing mechanisms of lead toxicity using in vitro experiments instead of in vivo ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University , 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University , 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University , 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University , 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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