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Adamus JP, Ruszczyńska A, Wyczałkowska-Tomasik A. Molybdenum's Role as an Essential Element in Enzymes Catabolizing Redox Reactions: A Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:869. [PMID: 39062583 PMCID: PMC11275037 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human life, acting as a cofactor in various enzymes crucial for metabolic homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the latest advances in research on molybdenum-containing enzymes and their clinical significance. One of these enzymes is xanthine oxidase (XO), which plays a pivotal role in purine catabolism, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of inducing oxidative stress and subsequent organ dysfunction. Elevated XO activity is associated with liver pathologies such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aldehyde oxidases (AOs) are also molybdenum-containing enzymes that, similar to XO, participate in drug metabolism, with notable roles in the oxidation of various substrates. However, beneath its apparent efficacy, AOs' inhibition may impact drug effectiveness and contribute to liver damage induced by hepatotoxins. Another notable molybdenum-enzyme is sulfite oxidase (SOX), which catalyzes the conversion of sulfite to sulfate, crucial for the degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids. Recent research highlights SOX's potential as a diagnostic marker for HCC, offering promising sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing cancerous lesions. The newest member of molybdenum-containing enzymes is mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC), involved in drug metabolism and detoxification reactions. Emerging evidence suggests its involvement in liver pathologies such as HCC and NAFLD, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. Overall, understanding the roles of molybdenum-containing enzymes in human physiology and disease pathology is essential for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various health conditions, particularly those related to liver dysfunction. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying these enzymes' functions could lead to novel treatments and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Piotr Adamus
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Matsuura A, Tozawa T, Moroto M, Miyamoto Y, Kawabe Y, Zuiki M, Hasegawa T, Kayaki T, Yano N, Yoshida T, Chiyonobu T, Morimoto M, Iehara T. Alternating cerebral edema and arterial dilations in Molybdenum cofactor deficiency type-A. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38965861 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amane Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takenori Tozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaharu Moroto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Fukuchiyama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Zuiki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taisei Kayaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Schwahn BC, van Spronsen F, Misko A, Pavaine J, Holmes V, Spiegel R, Schwarz G, Wong F, Horman A, Pitt J, Sass JO, Lubout C. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiencies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:598-623. [PMID: 38627985 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Sulfite intoxication is the hallmark of four ultrarare disorders that are caused by impaired sulfite oxidase activity due to genetic defects in the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor or of the apoenzyme sulfite oxidase. Delays on the diagnosis of these disorders are common and have been caused by their unspecific presentation of acute neonatal encephalopathy with high early mortality, followed by the evolution of dystonic cerebral palsy and also by the lack of easily available and reliable diagnostic tests. There is significant variation in survival and in the quality of symptomatic management of affected children. One of the four disorders, molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A (MoCD-A) has recently become amenable to causal treatment with synthetic cPMP (fosdenopterin). The evidence base for the rational use of cPMP is very limited. This prompted the formulation of these clinical guidelines to facilitate diagnosis and support the management of patients. The guidelines were developed by experts in diagnosis and treatment of sulfite intoxication disorders. It reflects expert consensus opinion and evidence from a systematic literature search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd C Schwahn
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Francjan van Spronsen
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's, University Medical Center (UMC) Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Albert Misko
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julija Pavaine
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Victoria Holmes
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Department of Pediatrics Unit B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Flora Wong
- Monash Children's Hospital/Hudson Institute of Medical Research/Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - James Pitt
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- RG Inborn Error of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences & Institute for Functional Gene Analytics (IFGA), Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Charlotte Lubout
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's, University Medical Center (UMC) Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Kan B, Li L, Hou J, Liu S, Tian Z, Sun Q. Eu-doped carbon quantum dot as a selective probe for visualizing and monitoring sulfite in biological systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1292136. [PMID: 38144538 PMCID: PMC10748433 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1292136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of SO3 2- in complex environments and its visualization at the cellular level are critical for understanding its role in biological processes. In this study, we developed an Eu-doped long-wavelength fluorescent carbon quantum dot (CD2) and investigated the detection mechanism, interference effects and cellular imaging applications of the fluorescent probe CD2. The results show that the addition of SO3 2- induces an electronic rearrangement that restores CD2 to its original structure, leading to a rapid increase in fluorescence intensity. Selectivity experiments showed that CD2 has excellent selectivity to SO3 2-, with minimal interference from common anions. In addition, CD2 shows good biocompatibility for cellular imaging applications, as evidenced by the high cell viability observed in HeLa cells. Using confocal microscopy, we detected a significant enhancement of red fluorescence in HeLa cells after addition of exogenous SO3 2-, demonstrating the potential of CD2 as a probe for monitoring cellular SO3 2- levels. These findings highlight the promise of CD2 as a selective SO3 2- detection probe in complex environments and its utility in cellular imaging studies. Further studies are necessary to fully exploit the potential of CD2 in various biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaoyu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenwei Tian
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Pramio J, Grings M, da Rosa AG, Ribeiro RT, Glanzel NM, Signori MF, Marcuzzo MB, Bobermin LD, Wyse ATS, Quincozes-Santos A, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Sulfite Impairs Bioenergetics and Redox Status in Neonatal Rat Brain: Insights into the Early Neuropathophysiology of Isolated Sulfite Oxidase and Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiencies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:2895-2907. [PMID: 36862242 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Isolated sulfite oxidase (ISOD) and molybdenum cofactor (MoCD) deficiencies are genetic diseases biochemically characterized by the toxic accumulation of sulfite in the tissues of patients, including the brain. Neurological dysfunction and brain abnormalities are commonly observed soon after birth, and some patients also have neuropathological alterations in the prenatal period (in utero). Thus, we investigated the effects of sulfite on redox and mitochondrial homeostasis, as well as signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex of rat pups. One-day-old Wistar rats received an intracerebroventricular administration of sulfite (0.5 µmol/g) or vehicle and were euthanized 30 min after injection. Sulfite administration decreased glutathione levels and glutathione S-transferase activity, and increased heme oxygenase-1 content in vivo in the cerebral cortex. Sulfite also reduced the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and respiratory chain complexes II and II-III. Furthermore, sulfite increased the cortical content of ERK1/2 and p38. These findings suggest that redox imbalance and bioenergetic impairment induced by sulfite in the brain are pathomechanisms that may contribute to the neuropathology of newborns with ISOD and MoCD. Sulfite disturbs antioxidant defenses, bioenergetics, and signaling pathways in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats. CII: complex II; CII-III: complex II-III; CK: creatine kinase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; SDH: succinate dehydrogenase; SO32-: sulfite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Pramio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gasparin da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Manzke Glanzel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marian Flores Signori
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Manuela Bianchin Marcuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Glänzel NM, Parmeggiani B, Grings M, Seminotti B, Brondani M, Bobermin LD, Ribeiro CAJ, Quincozes-Santos A, Vockley J, Leipnitz G. Myelin Disruption, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Sulfite in the Striatum of Rats Are Mitigated by the pan-PPAR agonist Bezafibrate. Cells 2023; 12:1557. [PMID: 37371027 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfite predominantly accumulates in the brain of patients with isolated sulfite oxidase (ISOD) and molybdenum cofactor (MoCD) deficiencies. Patients present with severe neurological symptoms and basal ganglia alterations, the pathophysiology of which is not fully established. Therapies are ineffective. To elucidate the pathomechanisms of ISOD and MoCD, we investigated the effects of intrastriatal administration of sulfite on myelin structure, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in rat striatum. Sulfite administration decreased FluoromyelinTM and myelin basic protein staining, suggesting myelin abnormalities. Sulfite also increased the staining of NG2, a protein marker of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In line with this, sulfite also reduced the viability of MO3.13 cells, which express oligodendroglial markers. Furthermore, sulfite altered the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), indicating neuroinflammation and redox homeostasis disturbances. Iba1 staining, another marker of neuroinflammation, was also increased by sulfite. These data suggest that myelin changes and neuroinflammation induced by sulfite contribute to the pathophysiology of ISOD and MoCD. Notably, post-treatment with bezafibrate (BEZ), a pan-PPAR agonist, mitigated alterations in myelin markers and Iba1 staining, and IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and HO-1 expression in the striatum. MO3.13 cell viability decrease was further prevented. Moreover, pre-treatment with BEZ also attenuated some effects. These findings show the modulation of PPAR as a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícolas Manzke Glänzel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Morgana Brondani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - César A J Ribeiro
- Natural and Humanities Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-070, SP, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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Madhubala D, Patra A, Islam T, Saikia K, Khan MR, Ahmed SA, Borah JC, Mukherjee AK. Snake venom nerve growth factor-inspired designing of novel peptide therapeutics for the prevention of paraquat-induced apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and alteration of metabolic pathway genes in the rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 197:23-45. [PMID: 36669545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND), associated with the progressive loss of neurons, oxidative stress-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction, can be treated with synthetic peptides possessing innate neurotrophic effects and neuroprotective activity. Computational analysis of two small synthetic peptides (trideca-neuropeptide, TNP; heptadeca-neuropeptide, HNP) developed from the nerve growth factors from snake venoms predicted their significant interaction with the human TrkA receptor (TrkA). In silico results were validated by an in vitro binding study of the FITC-conjugated custom peptides to rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cell TrkA receptors. Pre-treatment of PC-12 cells with TNP and HNP induced neuritogenesis and significantly reduced the paraquat (PT)-induced cellular toxicity, the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cell cytoplasm, production of intracellular ROS, restored the level of antioxidants, prevented alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and inhibited cellular apoptosis. These peptides lack in vitro cytotoxicity, haemolytic activity, and platelet-modulating properties and do not interfere with the blood coagulation system. Functional proteomic analyses demonstrated the reversal of PT-induced upregulated and downregulated metabolic pathway genes in PC-12 cells that were pre-treated with HNP and revealed the metabolic pathways regulated by HNP to induce neuritogenesis and confer protection against PT-induced neuronal damage in PC-12. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the PT-induced increased and decreased expression of critical pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes had been restored in the PC-12 cells pre-treated with the custom peptides. A network gene expression profile was proposed to elucidate the molecular interactions among the regulatory proteins for HNP to salvage the PT-induced damage. Taken together, our results show how the peptides can rescue PT-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular death and suggest new opportunities for developing neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Madhubala
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Taufikul Islam
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Luo Z, Ng G, Zhou Y, Boyer C, Chandrawati R. Polymeric Amines Induce Nitric Oxide Release from S-Nitrosothiols. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2200502. [PMID: 35789202 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic generation of nitric oxide (NO) from NO donors by nanomaterials has enabled prolonged NO delivery for various biomedical applications, but this approach requires laborious synthesis routes. In this study, a new class of materials, that is, polymeric amines including polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly-L-lysine, and poly(allylamine hydrochloride), is discovered to induce NO generation from S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) at physiological conditions. Controlled NO generation can be readily achieved by tuning the concentration of the NO donors (RSNOs) and polymers, and the type and molecular weight of the polymers. Importantly, the mechanism of NO generation by these polymers is deciphered to be attributed to the nucleophilic reaction between primary amines on polymers and the SNO groups of RSNOs. The NO-releasing feature of the polymers can be integrated into a suite of materials, for example, simply by embedding PEI into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels. The functionality of the PVA/PEI hydrogels is demonstrated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm prevention with a ≈4 log reduction within 6 h. As NO has potential therapeutic implications in various diseases, the identification of polymeric amines to induce NO release will open new opportunities in NO-generating biomaterials for antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antithrombotic, and wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yingzhu Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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9
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Santana Maldonado CM, Kim DS, Purnell B, Li R, Buchanan GF, Smith J, Thedens DR, Gauger P, Rumbeiha WK. Acute hydrogen sulfide-induced neurochemical and morphological changes in the brainstem. Toxicology 2023; 485:153424. [PMID: 36610655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxin affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Acute H2S exposure is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The precise pathophysiology of H2S-induced death is a controversial topic; however, inhibition of the respiratory center in the brainstem is commonly cited as a cause of death. There is a knowledge gap on toxicity and toxic mechanisms of acute H2S poisoning on the brainstem, a brain region responsible for regulating many reflective and vital functions. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play a role in maintaining a normal stable respiratory rhythmicity. We hypothesized that the inhibitory respiratory effects of H2S poisoning are mediated by 5-HT in the respiratory center of the brainstem. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed once to an LCt50 concentration of H2S (1000 ppm). Batches of surviving mice were euthanized at 5 min, 2 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, and on day 7 post-exposure. Pulmonary function, vigilance state, and mortality were monitored during exposure. The brainstem was analyzed for DA, 3,4-dehydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleatic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE), GABA, glutamate, and glycine using HPLC. Enzymatic activities of monoamine oxidases (MAO) were also measured in the brainstem using commercial kits. Neurodegeneration was assessed using immunohistochemistry and magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed that DA and DOPAC were significantly increased at 5 min post H2S exposure. However, by 2 h DA returned to normal. Activities of MAO were significantly increased at 5 min and 2 h post-exposure. In contrast, NE was significantly decreased at 5 min and 2 h post-exposure. Glutamate was overly sensitive to H2S-induced toxicity manifesting a time-dependent concentration reduction throughout the 7 day duration of the study. Remarkably, there were no changes in 5-HT, 5-HIAA, glycine, or GABA concentrations. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was inhibited but recovered by 24 h. Neurodegeneration was observed starting at 72 h post H2S exposure in select brainstem regions. We conclude that acute H2S exposure causes differential effects on brainstem neurotransmitters. H2S also induces neurodegeneration and biochemical changes in the brainstem. Additional work is needed to fully understand the implications of both the short- and long-term effects of acute H2S poisoning on vital functions regulated by the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Santana Maldonado
- Veterinary Diagnostic Production and Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Benton Purnell
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jodi Smith
- Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Daniel R Thedens
- Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic Production and Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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The Human Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase TUM1 Is Involved in Moco Biosynthesis, Cytosolic tRNA Thiolation and Cellular Bioenergetics in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010144. [PMID: 36671528 PMCID: PMC9856076 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an important element that is incorporated into many biomolecules in humans. The incorporation and transfer of sulfur into biomolecules is, however, facilitated by a series of different sulfurtransferases. Among these sulfurtransferases is the human mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) also designated as tRNA thiouridine modification protein (TUM1). The role of the human TUM1 protein has been suggested in a wide range of physiological processes in the cell among which are but not limited to involvement in Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis, cytosolic tRNA thiolation and generation of H2S as signaling molecule both in mitochondria and the cytosol. Previous interaction studies showed that TUM1 interacts with the L-cysteine desulfurase NFS1 and the Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein 3 (MOCS3). Here, we show the roles of TUM1 in human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genetically modified Human Embryonic Kidney cells. Here, we show that TUM1 is involved in the sulfur transfer for Molybdenum cofactor synthesis and tRNA thiomodification by spectrophotometric measurement of the activity of sulfite oxidase and liquid chromatography quantification of the level of sulfur-modified tRNA. Further, we show that TUM1 has a role in hydrogen sulfide production and cellular bioenergetics.
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11
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Ercan S, Basaranlar G. Effects of ghrelin on sulfite induced changes in lipid peroxidation, spatial memory, and locomotor activity in rats. Neurol Res 2022; 45:423-428. [PMID: 36449323 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2149535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are constantly exposed to sulfites and their derivatives, both endogenously and exogenously. Recent studies have shown that sulfite and its derivatives can cause oxidative stress. . Ghrelin has been reported to possess antioxidant properties and stimulates neurogenesis in hippocampal progenitor cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin on sulfite-induced changes in hippocampal oxidative status, spatial learning and locomotor activity in rats. METHODS Forty male albino Wistar rats were randomized into four groups as follows; Group 1: Control (C); Group 2: Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) treated (S); Group 3: Ghrelin treated (G); Group 4: Na2S2O5 + Ghrelin treated (SG). Sodium metabisulfite (100 mg/kg/day) was given by gastric gavage, and ghrelin (20 µg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally for 5 weeks. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured through fluorometric method. The spatial memory and locomotor activity of the rats were evaluated by Y-maze test. RESULTS Y-maze results revealed an enhancement of short-term spatial learning and memory in S and SG groups compared to C group. TBARS levels were increased significantly in S group with respect to C group. The increase in TBARS levels induced by sulfite was completely prevented by ghrelin in SG group. CONCLUSION We suggest that systemic ghrelin administration might ameliorate ingested sodium metabisulfite-induced hippocampal oxidative damage without providing any changes in spatial learning, memory and locomotion. Further investigation concerning the mechanism of ghrelin action in hippocampus might provide valuable information for developing new therapeutic approaches to attenuate oxidative stress in hippocampal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Ercan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Goksun Basaranlar
- Vocational School of Health Services, Biomedical Device Technology, Izmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey
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12
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Boon P, Cheyns K, Crebelli R, FitzGerald R, Lambré C, Mirat M, Ulbrich B, Vleminckx C, Mech A, Rincon AM, Tard A, Horvath Z, Wright M. Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228). EFSA J 2022; 20:e07594. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Spiegel R, Schwahn BC, Squires L, Confer N. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: A natural history. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:456-469. [PMID: 35192225 PMCID: PMC9313850 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) includes three ultrarare autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism (MoCD type A [MoCD-A], MoCD-B, and MoCD-C) that cause sulfite intoxication disorders. This natural history study analyzed retrospective data for 58 living or deceased patients (MoCD-A, n = 41; MoCD-B, n = 17). MoCD genotype, survival, neuroimaging, and medical history were assessed retrospectively. Prospective biomarker data were collected for 21 living MoCD patients. The primary endpoint was survival to 1 year of age in MoCD-A patients. Of the 58 MoCD patients, 49 (MoCD-A, n = 36; MoCD-B, n = 13) had first presenting symptoms by Day 28 (neonatal onset; median: 2 and 4 days, respectively). One-year survival rates were 77.4% (overall), 71.8% (neonatal onset MoCD-A), and 76.9% (neonatal onset MoCD-B); median ages at death were 2.4, 2.4, and 2.2 years, respectively. The most common presenting symptoms in the overall population were seizures (60.3%) and feeding difficulties (53.4%). Sequelae included profound developmental delay, truncal hypotonia, limb hypertonia that evolved to spastic quadriplegia or diplegia, dysmorphic features, and acquired microcephaly. In MoCD-A and MoCD-B, plasma and urinary xanthine and S-sulfocysteine concentrations were high; urate remained below the normal reference range. MOCS1 mutation homozygosity was common. Six novel mutations were identified. MoCD is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that often manifests during the neonatal period with intractable seizures and feeding difficulties, with rapidly progressive significant neurologic disabilities and high 1-year mortality rates. Delineation of MoCD natural history supports evaluations of emerging replacement therapy with cPMP for MoCD-A, which may modify disease course for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Spiegel
- Emek Medical CenterAfulaIsrael
- Rappaport school of MedicineTechnionHaifaIsrael
| | - Bernd C. Schwahn
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation ManchesterManchesterUK
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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14
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Maiti BK. Cross‐talk Between (Hydrogen)Sulfite and Metalloproteins: Impact on Human Health. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104342. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla Campus Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division South Sikkim 737139 India
- Department of Chemistry Cluster University of Jammu Canal Road Jammu 180001
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15
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Zia Qureshi I, Ud Din N, Khadija G, Shahzadi A, Rafiq B, Afaqi H. Adverse physiologic effects of a common food additive potassium metabisulfite (E224) in laboratory rats. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nizam Ud Din
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Khadija
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Shahzadi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawer Rafiq
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Hina Afaqi
- Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Zoology Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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16
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Berry T, Abohamza E, Moustafa AA. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: focus on the transsulfuration pathway. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:219-232. [PMID: 31714892 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a severe form of schizophrenia. The severity of illness is positively related to homocysteine levels, with high homocysteine levels due to the low activity of the transsulfuration pathway, which metabolizes homocysteine in synthesizing L-cysteine. Glutathione levels are low in schizophrenia, which indicates shortages of L-cysteine and low activity of the transsulfuration pathway. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels are low in schizophrenia. H2S is synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, which are the two enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway. Iron-sulfur proteins obtain sulfur from L-cysteine. The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway has various iron-sulfur proteins. With low levels of L-cysteine, iron-sulfur cluster formation will be dysregulated leading to deficits in OXPHOS in schizophrenia. Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) synthesis requires sulfur, which is obtained from L-cysteine. With low levels of MoCo synthesis, molybdenum-dependent sulfite oxidase (SUOX) will not be synthesized at appropriate levels. SUOX detoxifies sulfite from sulfur-containing amino acids. If sulfites are not detoxified, there can be sulfite toxicity. The transsulfuration pathway metabolizes selenomethionine, whereby selenium from selenomethionine can be used for selenoprotein synthesis. The low activity of the transsulfuration pathway decreases selenoprotein synthesis. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), with various GPXs being selenoprotein, is low in schizophrenia. The dysregulations of selenoproteins would lead to oxidant stress, which would increase the methylation of genes and histones leading to epigenetic changes in TRS. An add-on treatment to mainline antipsychotics is proposed for TRS that targets the dysregulations of the transsulfuration pathway and the dysregulations of other pathways stemming from the transsulfuration pathway being dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berry
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eid Abohamza
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia.,Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Kaczmarek AT, Bahlmann N, Thaqi B, May P, Schwarz G. Machine learning-based identification and characterization of 15 novel pathogenic SUOX missense mutations. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:188-194. [PMID: 34420858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD) is a rare hereditary metabolic disease caused by absence of functional sulfite oxidase (SO) due to mutations of the SUOX gene. SO oxidizes toxic sulfite and sulfite accumulation is associated with neurological disorders, progressive brain atrophy and early death. Similarities of these neurological symptoms to abundant diseases like neonatal encephalopathy underlines the raising need to increase the awareness for ISOD. Here we report an interdisciplinary approach utilizing exome/genome data derived from gnomAD database as well as published variants to predict the pathogenic outcome of 303 naturally occurring SO missense variants and combining these with activity determination. We identified 15 novel ISOD-causing SO variants and generated a databank of pathogenic SO missense variants to support future diagnosis of ISOD patients. We found six inactive variants (W101G, H118Y, E197K, R217W, S427W, D512Y, Q518R) and seven (D110H, P119S, G121E, G130R, Y140C, R269H, Q396P, R459Q) with severe reduction in activity. Based on the Hardy-Weinberg-equilibrium and the combination of our results with published SO missense and protein truncating variants, we calculated the first comprehensive incidence rate for ISOD of 1 in 1,377,341 births and provide a pathogenicity score to 303 naturally occurring SO missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tobias Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nike Bahlmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Besarta Thaqi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany.
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18
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Abe Y, Aihara Y, Endo W, Hasegawa H, Ichida K, Uematsu M, Kure S. The effect of dietary protein restriction in a case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency with MOCS1 mutation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 26:100716. [PMID: 33552910 PMCID: PMC7859290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that results from mutations in genes involved in molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. MoCD is characterized clinically by intractable seizures and severe, rapidly progressing neurodegeneration leading to death in early childhood in the majority of known cases. We report on a patient with an unusual late disease onset and mild phenotype, characterized by delayed development and a decline triggered by a febrile illness and a subsequent dystonic movement disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal signal intensities of the bilateral basal ganglia. Blood and urine chemistry tests demonstrated remarkably low serum and urinary uric acid levels. A urine sulfite test was positive. Specific diagnostic workup showed elevated levels of xanthine and hypoxanthine in serum with increased urinary sulfocysteine (SSC) levels. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation at c.1510C > T (p.504R > W) in exon 10 of the MOCS1 in isoform 7 (rs1387934803). At age 1 year 4 months, the patient was placed on a low protein diet to reduce cysteine load and accumulation of sulfite and SCC in tissues. At 3 months after introduction of protein restriction, the urine sulfite test became negative and the urine SCC level was decreased. After starting the protein restriction diet, dystonic movement improved, and the patient's course progressed without regression and seizures. Electroencephalogram findings were remarkably improved. This finding demonstrates that the dietary protein restriction suppresses disease progression in mild cases of MoCD and suggests the effectiveness of dietary therapy in MoCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Aihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakaba Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Uematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Mellis AT, Roeper J, Misko AL, Kohl J, Schwarz G. Sulfite Alters the Mitochondrial Network in Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency. Front Genet 2021; 11:594828. [PMID: 33488670 PMCID: PMC7817995 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.594828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder belonging to the large family of inborn errors in metabolism. Patients typically present with encephalopathy and seizures early after birth and develop severe neurodegeneration within the first few weeks of life. The main pathomechanism underlying MoCD is the loss of function of sulfite oxidase (SO), a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) dependent enzyme located in mitochondrial intermembrane space. SO catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite (SO32–) to sulfate (SO42–) in the terminal reaction of cysteine catabolism, and in the absence of its activity, sulfurous compounds such as SO32–, S-sulfocysteine, and thiosulfate accumulate in patients. Despite growing evidence that these compounds affect neuronal and mitochondrial function, the molecular basis of neuronal dysfunction and cell death in MoCD is still poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria are severely affected by the loss of SO activity. SO-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts display reduced growth rates and impaired ATP production when cultured in galactose, which is an indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction. We also found that mitochondria in SO-deficient cells form a highly interconnected network compared to controls while displaying a slight decrease in motility and unchanged mitochondrial mass. Moreover, we show that the mitochondrial network is directly influenced by SO32–, as a moderate elevation of SO32– lead to the formation of an interconnected mitochondrial network, while high SO32– levels induced fragmentation. Finally, we found a highly interconnected mitochondrial network in MoCD patient-derived fibroblasts, similar to our findings in mouse-derived fibroblasts. We therefore conclude that altered mitochondrial dynamics are an important contributor to the disease phenotype and suggest that MoCD should be included among the mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Theresa Mellis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Roeper
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert L Misko
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Kohl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Schwahn B. Fosdenopterin: a First-in-class Synthetic Cyclic Pyranopterin Monophosphate for the Treatment of Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency Type A. Neurology 2021. [DOI: 10.17925/usn.2021.17.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H 2S metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101800. [PMID: 33271457 PMCID: PMC7711302 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency are two rare genetic disorders that are caused by impairment of the mitochondrial enzyme sulfite oxidase. Sulfite oxidase is catalyzing the terminal reaction of cellular cysteine catabolism, the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Absence of sulfite oxidase leads to the accumulation of sulfite, which has been identified as a cellular toxin. However, the molecular pathways leading to the production of sulfite are still not completely understood. In order to identify novel treatment options for both disorders, the understanding of cellular cysteine catabolism – and its alterations upon loss of sulfite oxidase – is of utmost importance. Here we applied a new detection method of sulfite in cellular extracts to dissect the contribution of cytosolic and mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in the transformation of cysteine sulfinic acid to sulfite and pyruvate. We found that the cytosolic isoform GOT1 is primarily responsible for the production of sulfite. Moreover, loss of sulfite oxidase activity results in the accumulation of sulfite, H2S and persulfidated cysteine and glutathione, which is consistent with an increase of SQR protein levels. Surprisingly, none of the known H2S-producing pathways were found to be upregulated under conditions of sulfite toxicity suggesting an alternative route of sulfite-induced shift from oxidative to H2S dependent cysteine catabolism. Cellular sulfite detection enables investigation of cysteine catabolism in cell extracts. Cytosolic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 is the primary source for cellular sulfite. Deficiency of sulfite oxidase leads to accumulation of H2S and persulfidated small molecules. Sulfite oxidase deficiency results in a downregulation of H2S synthesis and increased SQR expression.
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22
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Integrated Analyses of Microbiome and Longitudinal Metabolome Data Reveal Microbial-Host Interactions on Sulfur Metabolism in Parkinson's Disease. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1767-1777.e8. [PMID: 31722195 PMCID: PMC6856723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibits systemic effects on the human metabolism, with emerging roles for the gut microbiome. Here, we integrate longitudinal metabolome data from 30 drug-naive, de novo PD patients and 30 matched controls with constraint-based modeling of gut microbial communities derived from an independent, drug-naive PD cohort, and prospective data from the general population. Our key results are (1) longitudinal trajectory of metabolites associated with the interconversion of methionine and cysteine via cystathionine differed between PD patients and controls; (2) dopaminergic medication showed strong lipidomic signatures; (3) taurine-conjugated bile acids correlated with the severity of motor symptoms, while low levels of sulfated taurolithocholate were associated with PD incidence in the general population; and (4) computational modeling predicted changes in sulfur metabolism, driven by A. muciniphila and B. wadsworthia, which is consistent with the changed metabolome. The multi-omics integration reveals PD-specific patterns in microbial-host sulfur co-metabolism that may contribute to PD severity. Longitudinal metabolomics reveal disturbed transsulfuration in Parkinson’s disease Metabolic modeling of gut microbiomes show altered microbial sulfur metabolism Changed microbial sulfur metabolism is linked to B. wadsworthia and A. muciniphila Taurine-conjugated bile acids are associated with incident Parkinson’s disease
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Differences among patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease having elevated alanine aminotransferase levels at various stages of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238388. [PMID: 32866186 PMCID: PMC7458345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the non-obese population has increased and NAFLD is not always recognized in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS). The risk of cirrhosis is higher in patients having NAFLD with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels than in those having NAFLD with normal ALT levels. Objective To measure the differences in clinical factors associated with NAFLD having elevation of ALT among subjects with Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS, and to measure differences in metabolites between MS subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT. Methods Among 7,054 persons undergoing health check-ups, we included 3,025 subjects who met the selection criteria. We measured differences in clinical factors for NAFLD having elevation of ALT among subjects with Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS, and compared metabolites between subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT in 32 subjects with MS. Results The prevalence of NAFLD and NAFLD having elevation of ALT was significantly progressively greater in subjects with Non-MS, Pre-MS, and MS (p <0.001, respectively). In the Non-MS group, there were significant differences between subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT with respect to body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST); In the Pre-MS group, there were significant differences in BMI, hypertension, AST, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); In the MS group, there were significant differences in HDL-C, impaired glucose tolerance, AST, and GGT. There were significant differences in levels of metabolites of nicotinamide, inosine, and acetyl-L-carnitine between MS subjects with and without NAFLD having elevation of ALT (all p <0.05). Conclusions Although NAFLD having elevation of ALT is important for development of NAFLD, differences in factors associated with NAFLD having elevation of ALT at various stages of MS should be considered. Additionally, several metabolites may play roles in the identification of risk for NAFLD in individuals with MS.
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Berry T, Abohamza E, Moustafa AA. A disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease: focus on the trans-sulfuration pathway. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:319-334. [PMID: 31751299 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High homocysteine levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) result from low activity of the trans-sulfuration pathway. Glutathione levels are also low in AD. L-cysteine is required for the synthesis of glutathione. The synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) requires L-cysteine, which is synthesized via the trans-sulfuration pathway. CoA is required for the synthesis of acetylcholine and appropriate cholinergic neurotransmission. L-cysteine is required for the synthesis of molybdenum-containing proteins. Sulfite oxidase (SUOX), which is a molybdenum-containing protein, could be dysregulated in AD. SUOX detoxifies the sulfites. Glutaminergic neurotransmission could be dysregulated in AD due to low levels of SUOX and high levels of sulfites. L-cysteine provides sulfur for iron-sulfur clusters. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is heavily dependent on iron-sulfur proteins. The decrease in OXPHOS seen in AD could be due to dysregulations of the trans-sulfuration pathway. There is a decrease in aconitase 1 (ACO1) in AD. ACO1 is an iron-sulfur enzyme in the citric acid cycle that upon loss of an iron-sulfur cluster converts to iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). With the dysregulation of iron-sulfur cluster formation ACO1 will convert to IRP1 which will decrease the 2-oxglutarate synthesis dysregulating the citric acid cycle and also dysregulating iron metabolism. Selenomethionine is also metabolized by the trans-sulfuration pathway. With the low activity of the trans-sulfuration pathway in AD selenoproteins will be dysregulated in AD. Dysregulation of selenoproteins could lead to oxidant stress in AD. In this article, we propose a novel treatment for AD that addresses dysregulations resulting from low activity of the trans-sulfuration pathway and low L-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berry
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, 2 Bullecourt Ave, Milperra, 2214 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eid Abohamza
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, 2 Bullecourt Ave, Milperra, 2214 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Metabolic crisis after trivial head trauma in late-onset isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency: Report of two new cases and review of published patients. Brain Dev 2020; 42:157-164. [PMID: 31806255 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited inborn error of metabolism, caused by mutation in SUOX gene. ISOD has two kind of presentation; early and late-onset. The late-onset form is extremely rare and only 10 cases have been reported. METHODS We report two new cases of late-onset ISOD with biochemical and genetic confirmation. We did a review of the previously published cases of late-onset ISOD. RESULTS Together with the presented two cases, 12 cases were available for analysis. The median age at symptom onset and at diagnosis was 8.5 and 23 months respectively. Almost all children had acute regression of milestones followed by slow recovery. The common presenting signs and symptoms were movement disorders, seizures, ectopia lentis and hypertonia. Five children had antecedent events. Trivial trauma precipitating the metabolic crisis was unique to the two cases we report. The most common MRI feature was globus pallidi changes followed by cerebellar white matter changes, vermian hypoplasia and thinned out corpus callosum. Diffusion weighted sequence was performed in 3 children and all had diffusion restriction in the affected area. CONCLUSION Trivial trauma can precipitate metabolic crisis in late-onset ISOD. Low plasma homocysteine and involvement of globus pallidi with diffusion restriction on the MRI are important diagnostic clues. Early diagnosis and intervention with special diet may be effective in preventing long term neurodisability.
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Wan YJ, Liao LX, Liu Y, Yang H, Song XM, Wang LC, Zhang XW, Qian Y, Liu D, Shi XM, Han LW, Xia Q, Liu KC, Du ZY, Jiang Y, Zhao MB, Zeng KW, Tu PF. Allosteric regulation of protein 14-3-3ζ scaffold by small-molecule editing modulates histone H3 post-translational modifications. Theranostics 2020; 10:797-815. [PMID: 31903151 PMCID: PMC6929985 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are involved in various biological processes such as transcriptional activation, chromosome packaging, and DNA repair. Previous studies mainly focused on PTMs by directly targeting histone-modifying enzymes such as HDACs and HATs. Methods and Results: In this study, we discovered a previously unexplored regulation mechanism for histone PTMs by targeting transcription regulation factor 14-3-3ζ. Mechanistic studies revealed 14-3-3ζ dimerization as a key prerequisite, which could be dynamically induced via an allosteric effect. The selective inhibition of 14-3-3ζ dimer interaction with histone H3 modulated histone H3 PTMs by exposing specific modification sites including acetylation, trimethylation, and phosphorylation, and reprogrammed gene transcription profiles for autophagy-lysosome function and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of editing histone PTM patterns by targeting transcription regulation factor 14-3-3ζ, and provide a distinctive PTM editing strategy which differs from current histone modification approaches.
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Arican P, Gencpinar P, Kirbiyik O, Bozkaya Yilmaz S, Ersen A, Oztekin O, Olgac Dundar N. The Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency Due to MOCS2 Mutations. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 99:55-59. [PMID: 31201073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the clinical and molecular characteristics of molybdenum cofactor deficiency due to MOCS2 muations. METHODS We summarize the genetic and clinical findings of previously reported patients with a MOCS2 mutation. We also present a new patient with novel neuroradiological findings associated with molybdenum cofactor deficiency due to a novel homozygous variant in the 5' untranslated region of the MOCS2 gene. RESULTS The study population comprised 35 patients with a MOCS2 gene mutation. All reported children had delayed motor milestones. The major initial symptom was seizures in neonatal period. Facial dysmorphism was present in 61% of the patients. Only one patient had ectopia lentis. Agenesis of the corpus callosum and an associated interhemispheric cyst in our case are novel neuroradiological findings. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of neonatal seizures and feeding difficulties can be the first clinical signs of molybdenum cofactor deficiency. Although there is no effective therapy for this condition, early diagnosis and genetic analysis of these lethal disorders facilitate adequate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Arican
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pinar Gencpinar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ozgur Kirbiyik
- Department of Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Bozkaya Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Atilla Ersen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Oztekin
- Department of Radiology, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nihal Olgac Dundar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Grings M, Seminotti B, Karunanidhi A, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Mohsen AW, Wipf P, Palmfeldt J, Vockley J, Leipnitz G. ETHE1 and MOCS1 deficiencies: Disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, redox homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk in patient fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12651. [PMID: 31477743 PMCID: PMC6718683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ETHE1) and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) deficiencies are hereditary disorders that affect the catabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. ETHE1 deficiency is caused by mutations in the ETHE1 gene, while MoCo deficiency is due to mutations in one of three genes involved in MoCo biosynthesis (MOCS1, MOCS2 and GPHN). Patients with both disorders exhibit abnormalities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, among other biochemical findings. However, the pathophysiology of the defects has not been elucidated. To characterize cellular derangements, mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication, superoxide production and apoptosis were evaluated in fibroblasts from four patients with ETHE1 deficiency and one with MOCS1 deficiency. The effect of JP4-039, a promising mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, was also tested on cells. Our data show that mitochondrial respiration was decreased in all patient cell lines. ATP depletion and increased mitochondrial mass was identified in the same cells, while variable alterations in mitochondrial fusion and fission were seen. High superoxide levels were found in all cells and were decreased by treatment with JP4-039, while the respiratory chain activity was increased by this antioxidant in cells in which it was impaired. The content of VDAC1 and IP3R, proteins involved in ER-mitochondria communication, was decreased, while DDIT3, a marker of ER stress, and apoptosis were increased in all cell lines. These data demonstrate that previously unrecognized broad disturbances of cellular function are involved in the pathophysiology of ETHE1 and MOCS1 deficiencies, and that reduction of mitochondrial superoxide by JP4-039 is a promising strategy for adjuvant therapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Lina Ghaloul-Gonzalez
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Scelsa B, Gasperini S, Righini A, Iascone M, Brazzoduro VG, Veggiotti P. Mild phenotype in Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: A new patient and review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e657. [PMID: 30900395 PMCID: PMC6565584 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that results in the combined deficiency of molybdenum-dependent enzymes. Four different genes are involved in Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis: MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3, and GEPH. The classical form manifests in the neonatal period with severe encephalopathy, including intractable seizures, MRI changes that resemble hypoxic-ischemic injury, microcephaly, and early death. To date, an atypical phenotype with late-onset has been reported in the literature in 13 patients. METHODS We describe a late-onset and a relatively mild phenotype in a patient with MOCS2 homozygous mutation. RESULTS Pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs are recognized in those patients, often exacerbated by intercurrent illness. Expressive language is usually compromised. Neurological deterioration is possible even in adulthood, probably due to accumulation of sulfite with time. CONCLUSION Sulfite inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism could be responsible for the ischemic lesions described in patients with MoCD or alternatively could predispose the brain to suffer an ischemic damage through the action of other insults, for instance intercurrent illness. It is possible that sulfite accumulation together with other external triggers, can lead to neurological deterioration even in adulthood. The role of other factors involved in clinical expression should be investigated to establish the reason for phenotypic variability in patients with the same mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Scelsa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Pediatric Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, ATS Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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Kohl JB, Mellis A, Schwarz G. Homeostatic impact of sulfite and hydrogen sulfide on cysteine catabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:554-570. [PMID: 30088670 PMCID: PMC6346071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is one of the two key sulfur-containing amino acids with important functions in redox homeostasis, protein functionality and metabolism. Cysteine is taken up by mammals via their diet and can also be derived from methionine via the transsulfuration pathway. The cellular concentration of cysteine is kept within a narrow range by controlling its synthesis and degradation. There are two pathways for the catabolism of cysteine leading to sulfate, taurine and thiosulfate as terminal products. The oxidative pathway produces taurine and sulfate, while the H2 S pathway involves different enzymatic reactions leading to the formation and clearance of H2 S, an important signalling molecule in mammals, resulting in thiosulfate and sulfate. Sulfite is a common intermediate in both catabolic pathways. Sulfite is considered as cytotoxic and produces neurotoxic S-sulfonates. As a result, a deficiency in the terminal steps of cysteine or H2 S catabolism leads to severe forms of encephalopathy with the accumulation of sulfite and H2 S in the body. This review links the homeostatic regulation of both cysteine catabolic pathways to sulfite and H2 S. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Kohl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Anna‐Theresa Mellis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetic Dysfunction in Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency: Insights from Animal Models. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:484-494. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The sulfite oxidase Shopper controls neuronal activity by regulating glutamate homeostasis in Drosophila ensheathing glia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3514. [PMID: 30158546 PMCID: PMC6115356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialized glial subtypes provide support to developing and functioning neural networks. Astrocytes modulate information processing by neurotransmitter recycling and release of neuromodulatory substances, whereas ensheathing glial cells have not been associated with neuromodulatory functions yet. To decipher a possible role of ensheathing glia in neuronal information processing, we screened for glial genes required in the Drosophila central nervous system for normal locomotor behavior. Shopper encodes a mitochondrial sulfite oxidase that is specifically required in ensheathing glia to regulate head bending and peristalsis. shopper mutants show elevated sulfite levels affecting the glutamate homeostasis which then act on neuronal network function. Interestingly, human patients lacking the Shopper homolog SUOX develop neurological symptoms, including seizures. Given an enhanced expression of SUOX by oligodendrocytes, our findings might indicate that in both invertebrates and vertebrates more than one glial cell type may be involved in modulating neuronal activity.
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Grings M, Parmeggiani B, Moura AP, de Moura Alvorcem L, Wyse ATS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Evidence that Thiosulfate Inhibits Creatine Kinase Activity in Rat Striatum via Thiol Group Oxidation. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:693-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mayr SJ, Sass JO, Vry J, Kirschner J, Mader I, Hövener JB, Reiss J, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Schwarz G, Grünert SC. A mild case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency defines an alternative route of MOCS1 protein maturation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:187-196. [PMID: 29368224 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which results from mutations in genes involved in Moco biosynthesis. Moco serves as a cofactor of several enzymes, including sulfite oxidase. MoCD is clinically characterized by intractable seizures and severe, rapidly progressing neurodegeneration leading to death in early childhood in the majority of known cases. Here we report a patient with an unusual late disease onset and mild phenotype, characterized by a lack of seizures, normal early development, a decline triggered by febrile illness and a subsequent dystonic movement disorder. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.1338delG MOCS1 mutation causing a frameshift (p.S442fs) with a premature termination of the MOCS1AB translation product at position 477 lacking the entire MOCS1B domain. Surprisingly, urine analysis detected trace amounts (1% of control) of the Moco degradation product urothione, suggesting a residual Moco synthesis in the patient, which was consistent with the mild clinical presentation. Therefore, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the patient's mutated MOCS1 transcript and found a potential Kozak-sequence downstream of the mutation site providing the possibility of an independent expression of a MOCS1B protein. Following the expression of the patient's MOCS1 cDNA in HEK293 cells we detected two proteins: a truncated MOCS1AB protein and a 22.4 kDa protein representing MOCS1B. Functional studies of both proteins confirmed activity of MOCS1B, but not of the truncated MOCS1AB. This finding demonstrates an unusual mechanism of translation re-initiation in the MOCS1 transcript, which results in trace amounts of functional MOCS1B protein being sufficient to partially protect the patient from the most severe symptoms of MoCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Julius Mayr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Bioanalytics & Biochemistry, Department of Natural Science, Bonn-Rhein Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Julia Vry
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroradiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiss
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - José Angel Santamaria-Araujo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sarah Catharina Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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de Lira NPV, Pauletti BA, Marques AC, Perez CA, Caserta R, de Souza AA, Vercesi AE, Paes Leme AF, Benedetti CE. BigR is a sulfide sensor that regulates a sulfur transferase/dioxygenase required for aerobic respiration of plant bacteria under sulfide stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3508. [PMID: 29472641 PMCID: PMC5823870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with toxic levels of H2S, the plant pathogens Xylella fastidiosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens employ the bigR operon to oxidize H2S into sulfite. The bigR operon is regulated by the transcriptional repressor BigR and it encodes a bifunctional sulfur transferase (ST) and sulfur dioxygenase (SDO) enzyme, Blh, required for H2S oxidation and bacterial growth under hypoxia. However, how Blh operates to enhance bacterial survival under hypoxia and how BigR is deactivated to derepress operon transcription is unknown. Here, we show that the ST and SDO activities of Blh are in vitro coupled and necessary to oxidize sulfide into sulfite, and that Blh is critical to maintain the oxygen flux during A. tumefaciens respiration when oxygen becomes limited to cells. We also show that H2S and polysulfides inactivate BigR leading to operon transcription. Moreover, we show that sulfite, which is produced by Blh in the ST and SDO reactions, is toxic to Citrus sinensis and that X. fastidiosa-infected plants accumulate sulfite and higher transcript levels of sulfite detoxification enzymes, suggesting that they are under sulfite stress. These results indicate that BigR acts as a sulfide sensor in the H2S oxidation mechanism that allows pathogens to colonize plant tissues where oxygen is a limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Patricia Vieira de Lira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), CEP 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), CEP 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Marques
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Perez
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), CEP 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Caserta
- Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Citriculture Research Center 'Sylvio Moreira', CEP 13490-970, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Alves de Souza
- Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Citriculture Research Center 'Sylvio Moreira', CEP 13490-970, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | - Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), CEP 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Benedetti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), CEP 13083-100, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Kumar A, Dejanovic B, Hetsch F, Semtner M, Fusca D, Arjune S, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Winkelmann A, Ayton S, Bush AI, Kloppenburg P, Meier JC, Schwarz G, Belaidi AA. S-sulfocysteine/NMDA receptor-dependent signaling underlies neurodegeneration in molybdenum cofactor deficiency. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4365-4378. [PMID: 29106383 DOI: 10.1172/jci89885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by neurodegeneration and death in early childhood. The rapid and progressive neurodegeneration in MoCD presents a major clinical challenge and may relate to the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. Recently, we reported that treating patients with cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) is a successful therapy for a subset of infants with MoCD and prevents irreversible brain damage. Here, we studied S-sulfocysteine (SSC), a structural analog of glutamate that accumulates in the plasma and urine of patients with MoCD, and demonstrated that it acts as an N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) agonist, leading to calcium influx and downstream cell signaling events and neurotoxicity. SSC treatment activated the protease calpain, and calpain-dependent degradation of the inhibitory synaptic protein gephyrin subsequently exacerbated SSC-mediated excitotoxicity and promoted loss of GABAergic synapses. Pharmacological blockade of NMDA-R, calcium influx, or calpain activity abolished SSC and glutamate neurotoxicity in primary murine neurons. Finally, the NMDA-R antagonist memantine was protective against the manifestation of symptoms in a tungstate-induced MoCD mouse model. These findings demonstrate that SSC drives excitotoxic neurodegeneration in MoCD and introduce NMDA-R antagonists as potential therapeutics for this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadh Kumar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Borislav Dejanovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Hetsch
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Division of Cell Physiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Debora Fusca
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sita Arjune
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jose Angel Santamaria-Araujo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aline Winkelmann
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Division of Cell Physiology, Braunschweig, Germany.,Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Scott Ayton
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen C Meier
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Division of Cell Physiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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37
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Kalimuthu P, Hsiao J, Nair RP, Kappler U, Bernhardt PV. Bioelectrocatalysis of Sulfite Dehydrogenase from
Sinorhizobium meliloti
with Its Physiological Cytochrome Electron Partner. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Ju‐Chun Hsiao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | | | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia
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38
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Grings M, Moura AP, Parmeggiani B, Pletsch JT, Cardoso GMF, August PM, Matté C, Wyse ATS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Bezafibrate prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant system disturbance, glial reactivity and neuronal damage induced by sulfite administration in striatum of rats: Implications for a possible therapeutic strategy for sulfite oxidase deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2135-2148. [PMID: 28529047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite accumulates in tissues of patients affected by sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency, a neurometabolic disease characterized by seizures and progressive encephalopathy, often resulting in early death. We investigated the effects of sulfite on mitochondrial function, antioxidant system, glial reactivity and neuronal damage in rat striatum, as well as the potential protective effects of bezafibrate on sulfite-induced toxicity. Thirty-day-old rats were intrastriatally administered with sulfite (2μmol) or NaCl (2μmol; control) and euthanized 30min after injection for evaluation of biochemical parameters and western blotting, or 7days after injection for analysis of glial reactivity and neuronal damage. Treatment with bezafibrate (30 or 100mg/kg/day) was performed by gavage during 7days before (pre-treatment) or after sulfite administration. Sulfite decreased creatine kinase and citrate synthase activities, mitochondrial mass, and PGC-1α nuclear content whereas bezafibrate pre-treatment prevented these alterations. Sulfite also diminished cytochrome c oxidase (COX) IV-1 content, glutathione levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). On the other hand, catalase activity was increased by sulfite. Bezafibrate pre-treatment prevented the reduction of GPx, GR, GST and G6PDH activities. Finally, sulfite induced glial reactivity and neuronal damage, which were prevented by bezafibrate when administered before or after sulfite administration. Our findings provide strong evidence that sulfite induces neurotoxicity that leads to glial reactivity and neuronal damage. Since bezafibrate exerts neuroprotective effects against sulfite toxicity, it may be an attractive agent for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for SO-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Pimentel Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Tauana Pletsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miranda Fernandez Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Maciel August
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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39
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α-Ketoadipic Acid and α-Aminoadipic Acid Cause Disturbance of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Induction of Oxidative Stress In Vitro in Brain of Adolescent Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:276-290. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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de Moura Alvorcem L, da Rosa MS, Glänzel NM, Parmeggiani B, Grings M, Schmitz F, Wyse ATS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Disruption of Energy Transfer and Redox Status by Sulfite in Hippocampus, Striatum, and Cerebellum of Developing Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:264-275. [PMID: 28417315 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency present severe brain abnormalities, whose pathophysiology is not yet elucidated. We evaluated the effects of sulfite and thiosulfate, metabolites accumulated in SO deficiency, on creatine kinase (CK) activity, mitochondrial respiration and redox status in hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum of developing rats. Our in vitro results showed that sulfite and thiosulfate decreased CK activity, whereas sulfite also increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in all brain structures evaluated. Sulfite further diminished mitochondrial respiration and increased DCFH oxidation and hydrogen peroxide production in hippocampus. Sulfite-induced CK activity decrease was prevented by melatonin (MEL), resveratrol (RSV), and dithiothreitol while increase of MDA levels was prevented by MEL and RSV. Regarding the antioxidant system, sulfite increased glutathione concentrations in hippocampus and striatum. In addition, sulfite decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase in all brain structures, of glutathione S-transferase in hippocampus and cerebellum, and of glutathione reductase in cerebellum. In vivo experiments performed with intrahippocampal administration of sulfite demonstrated that this metabolite increased superoxide dismutase activity without altering other biochemical parameters in rat hippocampus. Our data suggest that impairment of energy metabolism and redox status may be important pathomechanisms involved in brain damage observed in individuals with SO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Moura Alvorcem
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mateus Struecker da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Manzke Glänzel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90035-003, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos N° 2600 - Attached, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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41
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Adaptation of Candida albicans to Reactive Sulfur Species. Genetics 2017; 206:151-162. [PMID: 28235888 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.199679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is highly resistant to different oxidative stresses. How reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as sulfite regulate gene expression and the role of the transcription factor Zcf2 and the sulfite exporter Ssu1 in such responses are not known. Here, we show that C. albicans specifically adapts to sulfite stress and that Zcf2 is required for that response as well as induction of genes predicted to remove sulfite from cells and to increase the intracellular amount of a subset of nitrogen metabolites. Analysis of mutants in the sulfate assimilation pathway show that sulfite conversion to sulfide accounts for part of sulfite toxicity and that Zcf2-dependent expression of the SSU1 sulfite exporter is induced by both sulfite and sulfide. Mutations in the SSU1 promoter that selectively inhibit induction by the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) nitrite, a previously reported activator of SSU1, support a model for C. albicans in which Cta4-dependent RNS induction and Zcf2-dependent RSS induction are mediated by parallel pathways, different from S. cerevisiae in which the transcription factor Fzf1 mediates responses to both RNS and RSS. Lastly, we found that endogenous sulfite production leads to an increase in resistance to exogenously added sulfite. These results demonstrate that C. albicans has a unique response to sulfite that differs from the general oxidative stress response, and that adaptation to internal and external sulfite is largely mediated by one transcription factor and one effector gene.
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42
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Sulfite triggers sustained calcium overload in cultured cortical neurons via a redox-dependent mechanism. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:237-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Grings M, Moura AP, Parmeggiani B, Motta MM, Boldrini RM, August PM, Matté C, Wyse ATS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Higher susceptibility of cerebral cortex and striatum to sulfite neurotoxicity in sulfite oxidase-deficient rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2063-2074. [PMID: 27523630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency present severe seizures early in infancy and progressive neurological damage, as well as tissue accumulation of sulfite, thiosulfate and S-sulfocysteine. Since the pathomechanisms involved in the neuropathology of SO deficiency are still poorly established, we evaluated the effects of sulfite on redox homeostasis and bioenergetics in cerebral cortex, striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus of rats with chemically induced SO deficiency. The deficiency was induced in 21-day-old rats by adding 200ppm of tungsten, a molybdenum competitor, in their drinking water for 9weeks. Sulfite (70mg/kg/day) was also administered through the drinking water from the third week of tungsten supplementation until the end of the treatment. Sulfite decreased reduced glutathione concentrations and the activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in cerebral cortex and of GST in cerebellum of SO-deficient rats. Moreover, sulfite increased the activities of complexes II and II-III in striatum and of complex II in hippocampus, but reduced the activity of complex IV in striatum of SO-deficient rats. Sulfite also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in cerebral cortex and striatum, whereas it had no effect on mitochondrial mass in any encephalic tissue evaluated. Finally, sulfite inhibited the activities of malate and glutamate dehydrogenase in cerebral cortex of SO-deficient rats. Taken together, our findings indicate that cerebral cortex and striatum are more vulnerable to sulfite-induced toxicity than cerebellum and hippocampus. It is presumed that these pathomechanisms may contribute to the pathophysiology of neurological damage found in patients affected by SO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Grings
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Pimentel Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Moreira Motta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mello Boldrini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Maciel August
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ronchi JA, Francisco A, Passos LAC, Figueira TR, Castilho RF. The Contribution of Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase to Peroxide Detoxification Is Dependent on the Respiratory State and Counterbalanced by Other Sources of NADPH in Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20173-87. [PMID: 27474736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The forward reaction of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) reduces NADP(+) at the expense of NADH oxidation and H(+) movement down the electrochemical potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane, establishing an NADPH/NADP(+) ratio severalfold higher than the NADH/NAD(+) ratio in the matrix. In turn, NADPH drives processes, such as peroxide detoxification and reductive biosynthesis. In this study, we generated a congenic mouse model carrying a mutated Nnt(C57BL/6J) allele from the C57BL/6J substrain. Suspensions of isolated mitochondria from Nnt(+/+), Nnt(+/-), and Nnt(-/-) mouse liver were biochemically evaluated and challenged with exogenous peroxide under different respiratory states. The respiratory substrates were also varied, and the participation of concurrent NADPH sources (i.e. isocitrate dehydrogenase-2, malic enzymes, and glutamate dehydrogenase) was assessed. The principal findings include the following: Nnt(+/-) and Nnt(-/-) exhibit ∼50% and absent NNT activity, respectively, but the activities of concurrent NADPH sources are unchanged. The lack of NNT activity in Nnt(-/-) mice impairs peroxide metabolism in intact mitochondria. The contribution of NNT to peroxide metabolism is decreased during ADP phosphorylation compared with the non-phosphorylating state; however, it is accompanied by increased contributions of concurrent NADPH sources, especially glutamate dehydrogenase. NNT makes a major contribution to peroxide metabolism during the blockage of mitochondrial electron transport. Interestingly, peroxide metabolism in the Nnt(+/-) mitochondria matched that in the Nnt(+/+) mitochondria. Overall, this study demonstrates that the respiratory state and/or substrates that sustain energy metabolism markedly influence the relative contribution of NNT (i.e. varies between nearly 0 and 100%) to NADPH-dependent mitochondrial peroxide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelise Francisco
- From the Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Luiz Augusto Correa Passos
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Investigation on Laboratory Animals Science, University of Campinas, Campinas SP 13083-877, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We review clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic information on six individuals with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD). METHODS All patients were examined, and clinical records, biochemistry, neuroimaging, and sulfite oxidase gene (SUOX) sequencing were reviewed. RESULTS Data was available on six individuals from four nuclear families affected by ISOD. Each individual began to seize within the first week of life. neurologic development was arrested at brainstem reflexes, and severe microcephaly developed rapidly. neuroimaging within days of birth revealed hypoplasia of the cerebellum and corpus callosum and damage to the supratentorial brain looking like severe hypoxic-ischemic injury that evolved into cystic hemispheric white matter changes. Affected individuals all had elevated urinary S-sulfocysteine and normal urinary xanthine and hypoxanthine levels diagnostic of ISOD. Genetic studies confirmed SUOX mutations in four patients. CONCLUSIONS ISOD impairs systemic sulfite metabolism, and yet this genetic disease affects only the brain with damage that is commonly confused with the clinical and radiologic features of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Lésions neurologiques dans le déficit isolé en sulfite oxydase.
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46
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Commentary: Sulfur Dioxide Contributes to the Cardiac and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:15. [PMID: 27302073 PMCID: PMC4880594 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM) , Mo i Rana , Norway
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47
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Jakubiczka-Smorag J, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Metz I, Kumar A, Hakroush S, Brueck W, Schwarz G, Burfeind P, Reiss J, Smorag L. Mouse model for molybdenum cofactor deficiency type B recapitulates the phenotype observed in molybdenum cofactor deficient patients. Hum Genet 2016; 135:813-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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48
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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228) as food additives. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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49
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Schwarz G. Molybdenum cofactor and human disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:179-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Velayutham M, Hemann CF, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL. Sulfite Oxidase Activity of Cytochrome c: Role of Hydrogen Peroxide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:96-104. [PMID: 26709389 PMCID: PMC4689149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, sulfite is generated endogenously by the metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine. Sulfite is also formed from exposure to sulfur dioxide, one of the major environmental pollutants. Sulfite is used as an antioxidant and preservative in dried fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as wine. Sulfite is also used as a stabilizer in many drugs. Sulfite toxicity has been associated with allergic reactions characterized by sulfite sensitivity, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. Sulfite is also toxic to neurons and cardiovascular cells. Recent studies suggest that the cytotoxicity of sulfite is mediated by free radicals; however, molecular mechanisms involved in sulfite toxicity are not fully understood. Cytochrome c (cyt c) is known to participate in mitochondrial respiration and has antioxidant and peroxidase activities. Studies were performed to understand the related mechanism of oxidation of sulfite and radical generation by ferric cytochrome c (Fe3+cyt c) in the absence and presence of H2O2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping studies using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were performed with sulfite, Fe3+cyt c, and H2O2. An EPR spectrum corresponding to the sulfite radical adducts of DMPO (DMPO-SO3-) was obtained. The amount of DMPO-SO3- formed from the oxidation of sulfite by the Fe3+cyt c increased with sulfite concentration. In addition, the amount of DMPO-SO3- formed by the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c also increased with sulfite and H2O2 concentration. From these results, we propose a mechanism in which the Fe3+cyt c and its peroxidase activity oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. Our results suggest that Fe3+cyt c could have a novel role in the deleterious effects of sulfite in biological systems due to increased production of sulfite radical. It also shows that the increased production of sulfite radical may be responsible for neurotoxicity and some of the injuries which occur to humans born with molybdenum cofactor and sulfite oxidase deficiencies. Cytochrome c oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. In the presence of H2O2, sulfite radical generation from cyt c increases. The formation of sulfite radical is sulfite concentration dependent. This mechanism of sulfite radical formation may be important in sulfite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Velayutham
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Craig F Hemann
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Arturo J Cardounel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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