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Raun SH, Braun JL, Karavaeva I, Henriquez-Olguín C, Ali MS, Møller LLV, Gerhart-Hines Z, Fajardo VA, Richter EA, Sylow L. Mild Cold Stress at Ambient Temperature Elevates Muscle Calcium Cycling and Exercise Adaptations in Obese Female Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae102. [PMID: 39136248 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Housing temperature is a critical regulator of mouse metabolism and thermoneutral housing can improve model translation to humans. However, the impact of housing temperature on the ability of wheel running exercise training to rescue the detrimental effect of diet-induced obese mice is currently not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate how housing temperature affects muscle metabolism in obese mice with regard to calcium handling and exercise training (ET) adaptations in skeletal muscle, and benefits of ET on adiposity and glucometabolic parameters. METHODS Lean or obese female mice were housed at standard ambient temperature (22 °C) or thermoneutrality (30 °C) with/without access to running wheels. The metabolic phenotype was investigated using glucose tolerance tests, indirect calorimetry, and body composition. Molecular muscle adaptations were measured using immunoblotting, qPCR, and spectrophotometric/fluorescent assays. RESULTS Obese female mice housed at 22 °C showed lower adiposity, lower circulating insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and elevated basal metabolic rate compared to 30 °C housing. Mice exposed to voluntary wheel running exhibited a larger fat loss and higher metabolic rate at 22 °C housing compared to thermoneutrality. In obese female mice, glucose tolerance improved after ET independent of housing temperature. Independent of diet and training, 22 °C housing increased skeletal muscle sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity. Additionally, housing at 22 °C elevated the induction of training-responsive muscle proteins in obese mice. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that housing temperature significantly influences adiposity, insulin sensitivity, muscle physiology, and exercise adaptations in diet-induced obese female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen H Raun
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Muscle Plasticity in Health and Disease, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2A 3A1, Canada
| | - Iuliia Karavaeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguín
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - Mona S Ali
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Muscle Plasticity in Health and Disease, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2A 3A1, Canada
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer and Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Locke M, Bruccoleri G. Skeletal Muscle Heat Shock Protein Content and the Repeated Bout Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4017. [PMID: 38612826 PMCID: PMC11011896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The "Repeated Bout Effect" (RBE) occurs when a skeletal muscle is preconditioned with a few lengthening contractions (LC) prior to exposing the muscle to a greater number of LC. The preconditioning (PC) results in significantly less damage and preservation of force. Since it takes only a few LC to increase muscle heat shock protein (HSP) content, it was of interest to examine the relationship between HSPs and the RBE. To do this, one tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5/group) was preconditioned with either 0, 5, or 15 lengthening contractions (LC) and exposed to a treatment of 60 LC 48 h later. Preconditioning TA muscles with 15 LC, but not 5 LC, significantly elevated muscle αB-crystallin (p < 0.05), HSP25 (p < 0.05), and HSP72 content (p < 0.001). These preconditioned TA muscles also showed a significantly (p < 0.05) reduced loss of active torque throughout the subsequent 60 LC. While there was a trend for all preconditioned muscles to maintain higher peak torque levels throughout the 60 LC, no significant differences were detected between the groups. Morphologically, preconditioned muscles appeared to show less discernible muscle fiber damage. In conclusion, an elevated skeletal muscle HSP content from preconditioning may contribute to the RBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Locke
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
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Haverinen J, Badr A, Korajoki H, Hassinen M, Vornanen M. Dual effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity of a teleost fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109785. [PMID: 37977241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are embryo- and cardiotoxic to fish that might be associated with improper intracellular Ca2+ management. Since sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is a major regulator of intracellular Ca2+, the SERCA activity and the contractile properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricle were measured in the presence of 3- and 4-cyclic PAHs. In unfractionated ventricular homogenates, acute exposure of SERCA to 0.1-1.0 μM phenanthrene (Phe), retene (Ret), fluoranthene (Flu), or pyrene (Pyr) resulted in concentration-dependent increase in SERCA activity, except for the Flu exposure, with maximal effects of 49.7-83 % at 1 μM. However, PAH mixture did not affect the contractile parameters of trout ventricular strips. Similarly, all PAHs, except Ret, increased the myotomal SERCA activity, but with lower effect (27.8-40.8 % at 1 μM). To investigate the putative chronic effects of PAHs on SERCA, the atp2a2a gene encoding trout cardiac SERCA was expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Culture of HEK cells in the presence of 0.3-1.0 μM Phe, Ret, Flu, and Pyr for 4 days suppressed SERCA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal inhibition of 49 %, 65 %, 39 % (P < 0.05), and 18 % (P > 0.05), respectively at 1 μM. Current findings indicate divergent effects of submicromolar PAH concentrations on SERCA: stimulation of SERCA activity in acute exposure and inhibition of SERCA expression in chronic exposure. The depressed expression of SERCA is likely to contribute to the embryo- and cardiotoxicity of PAHs by depressing muscle function and altering gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Haverinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Ahmed Badr
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hanna Korajoki
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Minna Hassinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti Vornanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Kumar P, Ahmed MA, Abubakar AA, Hayat MN, Kaka U, Ajat M, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Improving animal welfare status and meat quality through assessment of stress biomarkers: A critical review. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109048. [PMID: 36469986 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Stress induces various physiological and biochemical alterations in the animal body, which are used to assess the stress status of animals. Blood profiles, serum hormones, enzymes, and physiological conditions such as body temperature, heart, and breathing rate of animals are the most commonly used stress biomarkers in the livestock sector. Previous exposure, genetics, stress adaptation, intensity, duration, and rearing practices result in wide intra- and inter-animal variations in the expression of various stress biomarkers. The use of meat proteomics by adequately analyzing the expression of various muscle proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), acute phase proteins (APPs), texture, and tenderness biomarkers help predict meat quality and stress in animals before slaughter. Thus, there is a need to identify non-invasive, rapid, and accurate stress biomarkers that can objectively assess stress in animals. The present manuscript critically reviews various aspects of stress biomarkers in animals and their application in mitigating preslaughter stress in meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Hamstra SI, Roy BD, Tiidus P, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, MacPherson RE, Fajardo VA. Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:891-910. [PMID: 35236261 PMCID: PMC10227915 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302151224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is most well-known for its mood-stabilizing effects in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to its narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.2 mM serum concentration), there is a stigma associated with lithium treatment and the adverse effects that can occur at therapeutic doses. However, several studies have indicated that doses of lithium under the predetermined therapeutic dose used in bipolar disorder treatment may have beneficial effects not only in the brain but across the body. Currently, literature shows that low-dose lithium (≤0.5 mM) may be beneficial for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cognitive function, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant processes of the aging body. There is also some evidence of low-dose lithium exerting a similar and sometimes synergistic effect on these systems. This review summarizes these findings with a focus on low-dose lithium's potential benefits on the aging process and age-related diseases of these systems, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity and type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and the chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as inflammaging. Although lithium's actions have been widely studied in the brain, the study of the potential benefits of lithium, particularly at a low dose, is still relatively novel. Therefore, this review aims to provide possible mechanistic insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tiidus
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E.K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Valentim M, Brahmbhatt A, Tupling A. Skeletal and cardiac muscle calcium transport regulation in health and disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20211997. [PMID: 36413081 PMCID: PMC9744722 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy muscle, the rapid release of calcium ions (Ca2+) with excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, results in elevations in Ca2+ concentrations which can exceed 10-fold that of resting values. The sizable transient changes in Ca2+ concentrations are necessary for the activation of signaling pathways, which rely on Ca2+ as a second messenger, including those involved with force generation, fiber type distribution and hypertrophy. However, prolonged elevations in intracellular Ca2+ can result in the unwanted activation of Ca2+ signaling pathways that cause muscle damage, dysfunction, and disease. Muscle employs several calcium handling and calcium transport proteins that function to rapidly return Ca2+ concentrations back to resting levels following contraction. This review will detail our current understanding of calcium handling during the decay phase of intracellular calcium transients in healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle. We will also discuss how impairments in Ca2+ transport can occur and how mishandling of Ca2+ can lead to the pathogenesis and/or progression of skeletal muscle myopathies and cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Valentim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aditya N. Brahmbhatt
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - A. Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Braun JL, Messner HN, Cleverdon REG, Baranowski RW, Hamstra SI, Geromella MS, Stuart JA, Fajardo VA. Heterozygous SOD2 deletion selectively impairs SERCA function in the soleus of female mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15285. [PMID: 35581738 PMCID: PMC9114654 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) restores intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) to resting levels after muscle contraction, ultimately eliciting relaxation. SERCA pumps are highly susceptible to tyrosine (T)-nitration, impairing their ability to take up Ca2+ resulting in reduced muscle function and increased [Ca2+ ]i and cellular damage. The mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), converts superoxide radicals into less reactive H2 O2 . Heterozygous deletion of SOD2 (Sod2+/- ) in mice increases mitochondrial oxidative stress; however, the consequences of reduced SOD2 expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle, specifically the effect on SERCA pumps, has yet to be investigated. We obtained soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and left ventricle (LV) muscles from 6 to 7 month-old wild-type (WT) and Sod2+/- female C57BL/6J mice. Ca2+ -dependent SERCA activity assays were performed to assess SERCA function. Western blotting was conducted to examine the protein content of SERCA, phospholamban, and sarcolipin; and immunoprecipitation experiments were done to assess SERCA2a- and SERCA1a-specific T-nitration. Heterozygous SOD2 deletion did not alter SERCA1a or SERCA2a expression in the soleus or LV but reduced SERCA2a in the EDL compared with WT, though this was not statistically significant. Soleus muscles from Sod2+/- mice showed a significant reduction in SERCA's apparent affinity for Ca2+ when compared to WT, corresponding with significantly elevated SERCA2a T-nitration in the soleus. No effect was seen in the EDL or the LV. This is the first study to investigate the effects of SOD2 deficiency on muscle SERCA function and shows that it selectively impairs SERCA function in the soleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Braun
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Holt N. Messner
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Riley E. G. Cleverdon
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Ryan W. Baranowski
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Mia S. Geromella
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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Alpha B-Crystallin in Muscle Disease Prevention: The Role of Physical Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031147. [PMID: 35164412 PMCID: PMC8840510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HSPB5 or alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB), originally identified as lens protein, is one of the most widespread and represented of the human small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). It is greatly expressed in tissue with high rates of oxidative metabolism, such as skeletal and cardiac muscles, where HSPB5 dysfunction is associated with a plethora of human diseases. Since HSPB5 has a major role in protecting muscle tissues from the alterations of protein stability (i.e., microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filament components), it is not surprising that this sHSP is specifically modulated by exercise. Considering the robust content and the protective function of HSPB5 in striated muscle tissues, as well as its specific response to muscle contraction, it is then realistic to predict a specific role for exercise-induced modulation of HSPB5 in the prevention of muscle diseases caused by protein misfolding. After offering an overview of the current knowledge on HSPB5 structure and function in muscle, this review aims to introduce the reader to the capacity that different exercise modalities have to induce and/or activate HSPB5 to levels sufficient to confer protection, with the potential to prevent or delay skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders.
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Nusier M, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Structure-Function Relationships and Modifications of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-Transport. Physiol Res 2022; 70:S443-S470. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized tubular network, which not only maintains the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ at a low level but is also known to release and accumulate Ca2+ for the occurrence of cardiac contraction and relaxation, respectively. This subcellular organelle is composed of several phospholipids and different Ca2+-cycling, Ca2+-binding and regulatory proteins, which work in a coordinated manner to determine its function in cardiomyocytes. Some of the major proteins in the cardiac SR membrane include Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2), Ca2+-release protein (ryanodine receptor), calsequestrin (Ca2+-binding protein) and phospholamban (regulatory protein). The phosphorylation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins by protein kinase A or Ca2+-calmodulin kinase (directly or indirectly) has been demonstrated to augment SR Ca2+-release and Ca2+-uptake activities and promote cardiac contraction and relaxation functions. The activation of phospholipases and proteases as well as changes in different gene expressions under different pathological conditions have been shown to alter the SR composition and produce Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes for the development of cardiac dysfunction. The post-translational modifications of SR Ca2+ cycling proteins by processes such as oxidation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, sumoylation, and O GlcNacylation have also been reported to affect the SR Ca2+ release and uptake activities as well as cardiac contractile activity. The SR function in the heart is also influenced in association with changes in cardiac performance by several hormones including thyroid hormones and adiponectin as well as by exercise-training. On the basis of such observations, it is suggested that both Ca2+-cycling and regulatory proteins in the SR membranes are intimately involved in determining the status of cardiac function and are thus excellent targets for drug development for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - NS Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen, Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 Canada.
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Chambers PJ, Juracic ES, Fajardo VA, Tupling AR. The role of SERCA and sarcolipin in adaptive muscle remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C382-C394. [PMID: 35044855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00198.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small integral membrane protein that regulates the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump. When bound to SERCA, SLN reduces the apparent Ca2+ affinity of SERCA and uncouples SERCA Ca2+ transport from its ATP consumption. As such, SLN plays a direct role in altering skeletal muscle relaxation and energy expenditure. Interestingly, the expression of SLN is dynamic during times of muscle adaptation, where large increases in SLN content are found in response to development, atrophy, overload and disease. Several groups have suggested that increases in SLN, especially in dystrophic muscle, are deleterious to muscle function and exacerbate already abhorrent intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, there is also significant evidence to show that increased SLN content is a beneficial adaptive mechanism which protects the SERCA pump and activates Ca2+ signaling and adaptive remodeling during times of cell stress. In this review, we first discuss the role for SLN in healthy muscle during both development and overload, where SLN has been shown to activate Ca2+ signaling to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, fibre type shifts and muscle hypertrophy. Then, with respect to muscle disease, we summarize the discrepancies in the literature as to whether SLN upregulation is adaptive or maladaptive in nature. This review is the first to offer the concept of SLN hormesis in muscle disease, wherein both too much and too little SLN are detrimental to muscle health. Finally, the underlying mechanisms which activate SLN upregulation are discussed, specifically acknowledging a potential positive feedback loop between SLN and Ca2+ signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma S Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Oldfield C, Moffatt TL, Dolinsky VW, Duhamel TA. Sirtuin 3 overexpression preserves maximal sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase activity in the skeletal muscle of mice subjected to high fat-high sucrose-feeding. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:361-370. [PMID: 34695364 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+) ATPase (SERCA) transports Ca2+ in muscle. Impaired SERCA activity contributes to diabetic myopathy. Sirtuin (SIRT) 3 regulates muscle metabolism and function. However, it is unknown if SIRT3 regulates muscle SERCA activity. We determined if SIRT3 overexpression enhances SERCA activity in mouse gastrocnemius muscle and if SIRT3 overexpression preserves gastrocnemius SERCA activity in a model of type 2 diabetes, induced by high fat-high sucrose (HFHS)-feeding. We also determined if the acetylation status of SERCA proteins in mouse gastrocnemius is altered by SIRT3 overexpression or HFHS-feeding. Wild-type (WT) mice and SIRT3 transgenic (SIRT3TG) mice, overexpressing SIRT3 in skeletal muscle, were fed a standard- or HFHS-diet for 4-months. SIRT3TG and WT mice developed obesity and glucose intolerance after 4-months of HFHS-feeding. SERCA Vmax was higher in gastrocnemius of SIRT3TG mice, compared to WT mice. HFHS-fed mice had lower SERCA1a protein levels and lower SERCA Vmax in their gastrocnemius than control-fed mice. The decrease in SERCA Vmax in gastrocnemius muscle due to HFHS-feeding was attenuated by SIRT3 overexpression in HFHS-fed SIRT3TG mice. SERCA1a and SERCA2a acetylation in mouse gastrocnemius was not altered by genotype or diet. These findings suggest SIRT3 overexpression improves SERCA function in diabetic mouse skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Oldfield
- University of Manitoba Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, 175106, Winnipeg, Canada.,St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 120927, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- University of Manitoba, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 601 J. Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3P4;
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- St. Boniface General Hospital Research Center, 351 Tach� Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6;
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Ferrinho AM, de Moura GV, Martins TDS, Muñoz J, Mueller LF, Garbossa PLM, de Amorim TR, Gemelli JL, Fuzikawa IHDS, Prado C, da Silveira JC, Poleti MD, Baldi F, Pereira AS. Rubia Gallega x Nelore crossbred cattle improve beef tenderness through changes in protein abundance and gene expression. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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D’Amico D, Fiore R, Caporossi D, Di Felice V, Cappello F, Dimauro I, Barone R. Function and Fiber-Type Specific Distribution of Hsp60 and αB-Crystallin in Skeletal Muscles: Role of Physical Exercise. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020077. [PMID: 33494467 PMCID: PMC7911561 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Skeletal muscle represents about 40% of the body mass in humans and it is a copious and plastic tissue, rich in proteins that are subject to continuous rearrangements. Physical exercise is considered a physiological stressor for different organs, in particular for skeletal muscle, and it is a factor able to stimulate the cellular remodeling processes related to the phenomenon of adaptation. All cells respond to various stress conditions by up-regulating the expression and/or activation of a group of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs). Although their expression is induced by several stimuli, they are commonly recognized as HSPs due to the first experiments showing their increased transcription after application of heat shock. These proteins are molecular chaperones mainly involved in assisting protein transport and folding, assembling multimolecular complexes, and triggering protein degradation by proteasome. Among the HSPs, a special attention needs to be devoted to Hsp60 and αB-crystallin, proteins constitutively expressed in the skeletal muscle, where they are known to be important in muscle physiopathology. Therefore, here we provide a critical update on their role in skeletal muscle fibers after physical exercise, highlighting the control of their expression, their biological function, and their specific distribution within skeletal muscle fiber-types. Abstract Skeletal muscle is a plastic and complex tissue, rich in proteins that are subject to continuous rearrangements. Skeletal muscle homeostasis can be affected by different types of stresses, including physical activity, a physiological stressor able to stimulate a robust increase in different heat shock proteins (HSPs). The modulation of these proteins appears to be fundamental in facilitating the cellular remodeling processes related to the phenomenon of training adaptations such as hypertrophy, increased oxidative capacity, and mitochondrial activity. Among the HSPs, a special attention needs to be devoted to Hsp60 and αB-crystallin (CRYAB), proteins constitutively expressed in the skeletal muscle, where their specific features could be highly relevant in understanding the impact of different volumes of training regimes on myofiber types and in explaining the complex picture of exercise-induced mechanical strain and damaging conditions on fiber population. This knowledge could lead to a better personalization of training protocols with an optimal non-harmful workload in populations of individuals with different needs and healthy status. Here, we introduce for the first time to the reader these peculiar HSPs from the perspective of exercise response, highlighting the control of their expression, biological function, and specific distribution within skeletal muscle fiber-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Amico
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | - Roberto Fiore
- Postgraduate School of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institutes of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (I.D.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2386-5823 (F.C. & R.B.); +39-06-3673-3562 (I.D.)
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (I.D.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2386-5823 (F.C. & R.B.); +39-06-3673-3562 (I.D.)
| | - Rosario Barone
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.); (V.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (I.D.); (R.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2386-5823 (F.C. & R.B.); +39-06-3673-3562 (I.D.)
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14
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de Oliveira AA, Priviero F, Tostes RC, Webb RC, Nunes KP. Dissecting the interaction between HSP70 and vascular contraction: role of [Formula: see text] handling mechanisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1420. [PMID: 33446873 PMCID: PMC7809064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone with various biological functions. Recently, we demonstrated that HSP70 is key for adequate vascular reactivity. However, the specific mechanisms targeted by HSP70 to assist in this process remain elusive. Since there is a wealth of evidence connecting HSP70 to calcium ([Formula: see text]), a master regulator of contraction, we designed this study to investigate whether blockade of HSP70 disrupts vascular contraction via impairment of [Formula: see text] handling mechanisms. We performed functional studies in aortas isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats in the presence or absence of exogenous [Formula: see text], and we determined the effects of VER155008, an inhibitor of HSP70, on [Formula: see text] handling as well as key mechanisms that regulate vascular contraction. Changes in the intracellular concentration of [Formula: see text] were measured with a biochemical assay kit. We report that blockade of HSP70 leads to [Formula: see text] mishandling in aorta stimulated with phenylephrine, decreasing both phasic and tonic contractions. Importantly, in [Formula: see text] free Krebs' solution, inhibition of HSP70 only reduced the [Formula: see text] of the phasic contraction if the protein was blocked before IP3r-mediated [Formula: see text] release, suggesting that HSP70 has a positive effect towards this receptor. Corroborating this statement, VER155008 did not potentiate an IP3r inhibitor's outcomes, even with partial blockade. In another set of experiments, the inhibition of HSP70 attenuated the amplitude of the tonic contraction independently of the moment VER155008 was added to the chamber (i.e., whether it was before or after IP3r-mediated phasic contraction). More compelling, following re-addition of [Formula: see text], VER155008 amplified the inhibitory effects of a voltage-dependent [Formula: see text] channel blocker, but not of a voltage-independent [Formula: see text] channel inhibitor, indicating that HSP70 has a positive impact on the latter. Lastly, the mechanism by which HSP70 modulates vascular contraction does not involve the [Formula: see text] sensitizer protein, Rho-kinase, nor the SERCA pump, as blockade of these proteins in the presence of VER155008 almost abolished contraction. In summary, our findings shed light on the processes targeted by HSP70 during vascular contraction and open research avenues for potential new mechanisms in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Kenia P. Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
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15
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Phospholamban and sarcolipin prevent thermal inactivation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases. Biochem J 2020; 477:4281-4294. [PMID: 33111944 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Na+-K+-ATPase from mice lacking the γ subunit exhibits decreased thermal stability. Phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN) are small homologous proteins that regulate sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) with properties similar to the γ subunit, through physical interactions with SERCAs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PLN and SLN may protect against thermal inactivation of SERCAs. HEK-293 cells were co-transfected with different combinations of cDNAs encoding SERCA2a, PLN, a PLN mutant (N34A) that cannot bind to SERCA2a, and SLN. One-half of the cells were heat stressed at 40°C for 1 h (HS), and one-half were maintained at 37°C (CTL) before harvesting the cells and isolating microsomes. Compared with CTL, maximal SERCA activity was reduced by 25-35% following HS in cells that expressed either SERCA2a alone or SERCA2a and mutant PLN (N34A) whereas no change in maximal SERCA2a activity was observed in cells that co-expressed SERCA2a and either PLN or SLN following HS. Increases in SERCA2a carbonyl group content and nitrotyrosine levels that were detected following HS in cells that expressed SERCA2a alone were prevented in cells co-expressing SERCA2a with PLN or SLN, whereas co-expression of SERCA2a with mutant PLN (N34A) only prevented carbonyl group formation. In other experiments using knock-out mice, we found that thermal inactivation of SERCA was increased in cardiac left ventricle samples from Pln-null mice and in diaphragm samples from Sln-null mice, compared with WT littermates. Our results show that both PLN and SLN form a protective interaction with SERCA pumps during HS, preventing nitrosylation and oxidation of SERCA and thus preserving its maximal activity.
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16
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Vornanen M. Effects of acute warming on cardiac and myotomal sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA) of thermally acclimated brown trout (Salmo trutta). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 191:43-53. [PMID: 32980918 PMCID: PMC7819936 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At high temperatures, ventricular beating rate collapses and depresses cardiac output in fish. The role of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in thermal tolerance of ventricular function was examined in brown trout (Salmo trutta) by measuring heart SERCA and comparing it to that of the dorsolateral myotomal muscle. Activity of SERCA was measured from crude homogenates of cold-acclimated (+ 3 °C, c.a.) and warm-acclimated (+ 13 °C, w.a.) brown trout as cyclopiazonic acid (20 µM) sensitive Ca2+-ATPase between + 3 and + 33 °C. Activity of the heart SERCA was significantly higher in c.a. than w.a. trout and increased strongly between + 3 and + 23 °C with linear Arrhenius plots but started to plateau between + 23 and + 33 °C in both acclimation groups. The rate of thermal inactivation of the heart SERCA at + 35 °C was similar in c.a. and w.a. fish. Activity of the muscle SERCA was less temperature dependent and more heat resistant than that of the heart SERCA and showed linear Arrhenius plots between + 3 and + 33 °C in both c.a. and w.a. fish. SERCA activity of the c.a. muscle was slightly higher than that of w.a. muscle. The rate of thermal inactivation at + 40 °C was similar for both c.a. and w.a. muscle SERCA at + 40 °C. Although the heart SERCA is more sensitive to high temperatures than the muscle SERCA, it is unlikely to be a limiting factor for heart rate, because its heat tolerance, unlike that of the ventricular beating rate, was not changed by temperature acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Vornanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
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17
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Hamstra SI, Whitley KC, Baranowski RW, Kurgan N, Braun JL, Messner HN, Fajardo VA. The role of phospholamban and GSK3 in regulating rodent cardiac SERCA function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C694-C699. [PMID: 32755452 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00318.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac contractile function is largely mediated by the regulation of Ca2+ cycling throughout the lifespan. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump is paramount to cardiac Ca2+ regulation, and it is well established that SERCA dysfunction pathologically contributes to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Phospholamban (PLN) is a well-known inhibitor of the SERCA pump and its regulation of SERCA2a-the predominant cardiac SERCA isoform-contributes significantly to proper cardiac function. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in several metabolic pathways, and we and others have shown that it regulates SERCA function. In this mini-review, we highlight the underlying mechanisms behind GSK3's regulation of SERCA function specifically discussing changes in SERCA2a and PLN expression and its potential protection against oxidative stress. Ultimately, these recent findings that we discuss could have clinical implications in the treatment and prevention of cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kennedy C Whitley
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan W Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holt N Messner
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Braun JL, Hamstra SI, Messner HN, Fajardo VA. SERCA2a tyrosine nitration coincides with impairments in maximal SERCA activity in left ventricles from tafazzin-deficient mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14215. [PMID: 31444868 PMCID: PMC6708055 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) is imperative for normal cardiac function regulating both muscle relaxation and contractility. SERCA2a is the predominant isoform in cardiac muscles and is inhibited by phospholamban (PLN). Under conditions of oxidative stress, SERCA2a may also be impaired by tyrosine nitration. Tafazzin (Taz) is a mitochondrial‐specific transacylase that regulates mature cardiolipin (CL) formation, and its absence leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). In the present study, we examined SERCA function, SERCA2a tyrosine nitration, and PLN expression/phosphorylation in left ventricles (LV) obtained from young (3‐5 months) and old (10‐12 months) wild‐type (WT) and Taz knockdown (TazKD) male mice. These mice are a mouse model for Barth syndrome, which is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive ROS/RNS production, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Here, we show that maximal SERCA activity was impaired in both young and old TazKD LV, a result that correlated with elevated SERCA2a tyrosine nitration. In addition PLN protein was decreased, and its phosphorylation was increased in TazKD LV compared with control, which suggests that PLN may not contribute to the impairments in SERCA function. These changes in expression and phosphorylation of PLN may be an adaptive response aimed to improve SERCA function in TazKD mice. Nonetheless, we demonstrate for the first time that SERCA function is impaired in LVs obtained from young and old TazKD mice likely due to elevated ROS/RNS production. Future studies should determine whether improving SERCA function can improve cardiac contractility and pathology in TazKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie I Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Holt N Messner
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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19
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Powers SK, Bomkamp M, Ozdemir M, Hyatt H. Mechanisms of exercise-induced preconditioning in skeletal muscles. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101462. [PMID: 32089451 PMCID: PMC7284917 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes numerous biochemical adaptations within skeletal muscle fibers culminating into a phenotype that is safeguarded against numerous perils including doxorubicin-induced myopathy and inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. This exercise-induced protection of skeletal muscle fibers is commonly termed "exercise preconditioning". This review will discuss the biochemical mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection of skeletal muscle fibers against these harmful events. The first segment of this report highlights the evidence that endurance exercise training provides cytoprotection to skeletal muscle fibers against several potentially damaging insults. The second and third sections of the review will discuss the cellular adaptations responsible for exercise-induced protection of skeletal muscle fibers against doxorubicin-provoked damage and inactivity-induced fiber atrophy, respectively. Importantly, we also identify gaps in our understanding of exercise preconditioning in hopes of stimulating future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matthew Bomkamp
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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20
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Bonello JP, Locke M. HSP72 expression is specific to skeletal muscle contraction type. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:709-718. [PMID: 31077033 PMCID: PMC6629730 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is capable of inducing the cellular stress response and increasing skeletal muscle heat shock protein (HSP) content. HSPs function as molecular chaperones and play roles in facilitating protein folding thereby contributing to muscle proteostasis. To determine the relationship between muscle contraction types, muscle damage, and HSP content, one tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 5/group) was electrically stimulated while actively lengthening (LC), shortening (SC), or remaining to stagnate (IC) for 15 repetitions (3 sets of five). Two additional LC groups underwent 5 and 10 repetitions. Maximal tetanic tension (MTT) was recorded prior to (pre) and at 5 min after (post) the last contraction. Twenty-four hours after stimulation, TA muscles were removed, processed, and assessed for damage and for HSP25 and HSP72 content. Post-MTT was significantly decreased following 15 LCs, (24%; p < 0.05) but not following 15 SCs or 15 ICs. Post-MTT was also decreased by 8% (p < 0.05), and 18% (p < 0.05) for muscles subjected to 5 and 10 LCs, respectively. HSP72 content increased after all LCs conditions but not following ICs or SCs. HSP25 content remained unchanged following all contractions. Similarly, muscle damage was observed only after LCs and not after other contraction types. In conclusion, muscle HSP72 content can be increased with as few as 5 maximal lengthening contractions and appears to be related to muscle damage. This may have important implications for muscle rehabilitation and exercise training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Peter Bonello
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Marius Locke
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2W6, Canada.
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21
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de Oliveira LG, Delgado EF, Steadham EM, Huff-Lonergan E, Lonergan SM. Association of calpain and calpastatin activity to postmortem myofibrillar protein degradation and sarcoplasmic proteome changes in bovine Longissiumus lumborum and Triceps brachii. Meat Sci 2019; 155:50-60. [PMID: 31075739 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which calpastatin (CASN) variants (based on two chromatographic peaks; CASN-P1 and CASN-P2) explain variation in μ-calpain autolysis, protein degradation, and changes in the sarcoplasmic proteome observed during postmortem aging of beef. The Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Triceps brachii (TB) muscles were obtained from six crossbred steers and samples prepared from day 0, 1 and 7 postmortem (pm). The decline of CASN activity during aging was due to decrease of CASN-P2 in both muscles. The CASN-P2:μ-calpain ratio at day 0 was greater for TB, which presented lesser calpain autolysis, myofibrillar protein degradation, and fewer sarcoplasmic proteome changes during aging. Changes in abundance of Heat shock protein 70 family in the sarcoplasmic fraction were positively associated to proteolysis during aging, with greater differences in LL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward M Steadham
- Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Steven M Lonergan
- Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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22
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Xing T, Gao F, Tume RK, Zhou G, Xu X. Stress Effects on Meat Quality: A Mechanistic Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:380-401. [PMID: 33336942 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress inevitably occurs from the farm to abattoir in modern livestock husbandry. The effects of stress on the behavioral and physiological status and ultimate meat quality have been well documented. However, reports on the mechanism of stress effects on physiological and biochemical changes and their consequent effects on meat quality attributes have been somewhat disjointed and limited. Furthermore, the causes of variability in meat quality traits among different animal species, muscle fibers within an animal, and even positions within a piece of meat in response to stress are still not entirely clear. This review 1st summarizes the primary stress factors, including heat stress, preslaughter handling stress, oxidative stress, and other stress factors affecting animal welfare; carcass quality; and eating quality. This review further delineates potential stress-induced pathways or mediators, including AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated energy metabolism, crosstalk among calcium signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species, protein modification, apoptosis, calpain and cathepsin proteolytic systems, and heat shock proteins that exert effects that cause biochemical changes during the early postmortem period and affect the subsequent meat quality. To obtain meat of high quality, further studies are needed to unravel the intricate mechanisms involving the aforementioned signaling pathways or mediators and their crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ronald K Tume
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Dimauro I, Antonioni A, Mercatelli N, Caporossi D. The role of αB-crystallin in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:491-505. [PMID: 29190034 PMCID: PMC6045558 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms and cells respond to various stress conditions such as environmental, metabolic, or pathophysiological stress by generally upregulating, among others, the expression and/or activation of a group of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs). Among the HSPs, special attention has been devoted to the mutations affecting the function of the αB-crystallin (HSPB5), a small heat shock protein (sHsp) playing a critical role in the modulation of several cellular processes related to survival and stress recovery, such as protein degradation, cytoskeletal stabilization, and apoptosis. Because of the emerging role in general health and disease conditions, the main objective of this mini-review is to provide a brief account on the role of HSPB5 in mammalian muscle physiopathology. Here, we report the current known state of the regulation and localization of HSPB5 in skeletal and cardiac tissue, making also a critical summary of all human HSPB5 mutations known to be strictly associated to specific skeletal and cardiac diseases, such as desmin-related myopathies (DRM), dilated (DCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathy. Finally, pointing to putative strategies for HSPB5-based therapy to prevent or counteract these forms of human muscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Antonioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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Thakur SS, Swiderski K, Ryall JG, Lynch GS. Therapeutic potential of heat shock protein induction for muscular dystrophy and other muscle wasting conditions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0528. [PMID: 29203713 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and severe of the muscular dystrophies, a group of inherited myopathies caused by different genetic mutations leading to aberrant expression or complete absence of cytoskeletal proteins. Dystrophic muscles are prone to injury, and regenerate poorly after damage. Remorseless cycles of muscle fibre breakdown and incomplete repair lead to progressive and severe muscle wasting, weakness and premature death. Many other conditions are similarly characterized by muscle wasting, including sarcopenia, cancer cachexia, sepsis, denervation, burns, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Muscle trauma and loss of mass and physical capacity can significantly compromise quality of life for patients. Exercise and nutritional interventions are unlikely to halt or reverse the conditions, and strategies promoting muscle anabolism have limited clinical acceptance. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that help proteins fold back to their original conformation and restore function. Since many muscle wasting conditions have pathophysiologies where inflammation, atrophy and weakness are indicated, increasing HSP expression in skeletal muscle may have therapeutic potential. This review will provide evidence supporting HSP induction for muscular dystrophy and other muscle wasting conditions.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savant S Thakur
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy Swiderski
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James G Ryall
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Xing T, Wang C, Zhao X, Dai C, Zhou G, Xu X. Proteome Analysis Using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Analysis Quantitation (iTRAQ) Reveals Alterations in Stress-Induced Dysfunctional Chicken Muscle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2913-2922. [PMID: 28304171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate changes in the protein profiles of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE)-like muscles of broilers subjected to transportation under high-temperature conditions, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute analysis quantitation (iTRAQ). Arbor Acres chickens (n = 112) were randomly divided into two treatments: unstressed control (CON) and 0.5 h of transport (T). Birds were transported according to a designed protocol. Pectoralis major (PM) muscle samples in the T group were collected and classified as normal (T-NOR) or PSE-like (T-PSE). Plasma activities of stress indicators, muscle microstructure, and proteome were measured. Results indicated that broilers in the T-PSE group exhibited higher activities of plasma stress indicators. The microstructure of T-PSE group showed a looser network and larger intercellular spaces in comparison to the other groups. Proteomic analysis, based on iTRAQ, revealed 29 differentially expressed proteins in the T-NOR and T-PSE groups that were involved in protein turnover, signal transduction, stress and defense, calcium handling, cell structure, and metabolism. In particular, proteins relating to the glycolysis pathway, calcium signaling, and molecular chaperones exhibited significant differences that may contribute to the inferior post-mortem meat quality. Overall, the proteomic results provide a further understanding of the mechanism of meat quality changes in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Experimental Teaching Center of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
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Fajardo VA, Trojanowski N, Castelli LM, Miotto PM, Amoye F, Ward WE, Tupling AR, LeBlanc PJ. Saturation of SERCA's lipid annulus may protect against its thermal inactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:456-460. [PMID: 28137585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps are integral membrane proteins that catalyze the active transport of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby eliciting muscle relaxation. SERCA pumps are highly susceptible to oxidative damage, and cytoprotection of SERCA dampens thermal inactivation and is a viable therapeutic strategy in combating diseases where SERCA activity is impaired, such as muscular dystrophy. Here, we sought to determine whether increasing the percent of saturated fatty acids (SFA) within SERCA's lipid annulus through diet could protect SERCA pumps from thermal inactivation. Female Wistar rats were fed either a semi-purified control diet (AIN93G, 7% soybean oil by weight) or a modified AIN93G diet containing high SFA (20% lard by weight) for 17 weeks. Soleus muscles were extracted and SERCA lipid annulus and activity under thermal stress were analyzed. Our results show that SERCA's lipid annulus is abundant with short-chain (12-14 carbon) fatty acids, which corresponds well with SERCA's predicted bilayer thickness of 21 Å. Under control-fed conditions, SERCA's lipid annulus was already highly saturated (79%), and high-fat feeding did not increase this any further. High-fat feeding did not mitigate the reductions in SERCA activity seen with thermal stress; however, correlational analyses revealed significant and strong associations between % SFA and thermal stability of SERCA activity with greater %SFA being associated with lower thermal inactivation and greater % polyunsaturation and unsaturation index being associated with increased thermal inactivation. Altogether, these findings show that SERCA's lipid annulus may influence its susceptibility to oxidative damage, which could have implications in muscular dystrophy and age-related muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Andrew Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Trojanowski
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Laura M Castelli
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Foyinsola Amoye
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Inhibition and conformational change of SERCA3b induced by Bcl-2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:121-131. [PMID: 27639965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA had been documented in vitro using the SERCA1a isoform isolated from rat skeletal muscle [Dremina, E. S., Sharov, V. S., Kumar, K., Azidi, A., Michaelis, E. K., Schöneich, C. (2004) Biochem. J. 383 (361-370)]. Here, we demonstrate the interaction of Bcl-2 with the SERCA3b isoform both in vitro and in cell culture. In vitro, the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA3b was studied using Bcl-2∆21, a truncated form of human Bcl-2, and microsomes isolated from SERCA3b-overexpressing HEK-293 cells. For these experiments, SERCA3b was quantified by a combination of amino acid analysis and Western blotting. We observed that Bcl-2∆21 both inactivates SERCA3b and co-immunoprecipitates with SERCA3b. The incubation with Bcl-2∆21 changes the distribution of SERCA3b during sucrose density gradient centrifugation, likely as the result of Bcl-2∆21-induced conformational change of SERCA3b. When SERCA3b-overexpressing HEK-293 cells were co-transfected with Bcl-2, Bcl-2-dependent SERCA3b inactivation was observed. In these cells, Bcl-2 interaction with SERCA3b was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling of SERCA3b. Together, our data provide evidence for the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA3b in vitro and in cell culture, and for Bcl-2-dependent conformational and functional changes of SERCA3b.
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Aguiar PF, Magalhães SM, Fonseca IAT, da Costa Santos VB, de Matos MA, Peixoto MFD, Nakamura FY, Crandall C, Araújo HN, Silveira LR, Rocha-Vieira E, de Castro Magalhães F, Amorim FT. Post-exercise cold water immersion does not alter high intensity interval training-induced exercise performance and Hsp72 responses, but enhances mitochondrial markers. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:793-804. [PMID: 27278803 PMCID: PMC5003796 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of regular post-exercise cold water immersion (CWI) on intramuscular markers of cellular stress response and signaling molecules related to mitochondria biogenesis and exercise performance after 4 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). Seventeen healthy subjects were allocated into two groups: control (CON, n = 9) or CWI (n = 8). Each HIIT session consisted of 8-12 cycling exercise stimuli (90-110 % of peak power) for 60 s followed by 75 s of active recovery three times per week, for 4 weeks (12 HIIT sessions). After each HIIT session, the CWI had their lower limbs immersed in cold water (10 °C) for 15 min and the CON recovered at room temperature. Exercise performance was evaluated before and after HIIT by a 15-km cycling time trial. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained pre and 72 h post training. Samples were analyzed for heat shock protein 72 kDa (Hsp72), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) assessed by western blot. In addition, the mRNA expression of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 and 2 (NRF1 and 2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMK2) and enzymes citrate synthase (CS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK4) were assessed by real-time PCR. Time to complete the 15-km cycling time trial was reduced with training (p < 0.001), but was not different between groups (p = 0.33). The Hsp72 (p = 0.01), p38 MAPK, and AMPK (p = 0.04) contents increased with training, but were not different between groups (p > 0.05). No differences were observed with training or condition for mRNA expression of PGC-1α (p = 0.31), CPT1 (p = 0.14), CS (p = 0.44), and NRF-2 (p = 0.82). However, HFS-1 (p = 0.007), PDK4 (p = 0.03), and Tfam (p = 0.03) mRNA were higher in CWI. NRF-1 decrease in both groups after training (p = 0.006). CaMK2 decreased with HIIT (p = 0.003) but it was not affected by CWI (p = 0.99). Cold water immersion does not alter HIIT-induced Hsp72, AMPK, p38 MAPK, and exercise performance but was able to increase some markers of cellular stress response and signaling molecules related to mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernandes Aguiar
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Mourão Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivana Alice Teixeira Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Craig Crandall
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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29
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Dimauro I, Mercatelli N, Caporossi D. Exercise-induced ROS in heat shock proteins response. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:46-55. [PMID: 27021964 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved multiple and sophisticated stress response mechanisms aiming to prevent macromolecular (including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) damage and to maintain or re-establish cellular homeostasis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are among the most highly conserved, ubiquitous, and abundant proteins in all organisms. Originally discovered more than 50 years ago through heat shock stress, they display multiple, remarkable roles inside and outside cells under a variety of stresses, including also oxidative stress and radiation, recognizing unfolded or misfolded proteins and facilitating their restructuring. Exercise consists in a combination of physiological stresses, such as metabolic disturbances, changes in circulating levels of hormones, increased temperature, induction of mild to severe inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). As a consequence, exercise is one of the main stimuli associated with a robust increase in different HSPs in several tissues, which appears to be also fundamental in facilitating the cellular remodeling processes related to the training regime. Among all factors involved in the exercise-related modulation of HSPs level, the ROS production in the contracting muscle or in other tissues represents one of the most attracting, but still under discussion, mechanism. Following exhaustive or damaging muscle exercise, major oxidative damage to proteins and lipids is likely involved in HSP expression, together with mechanically induced damage to muscle proteins and the inflammatory response occurring several days into the recovery period. Instead, the transient and reversible oxidation of proteins by physiological concentrations of ROS seems to be involved in the activation of stress response following non-damaging muscle exercise. This review aims to provide a critical update on the role of HSPs response in exercise-induced adaptation or damage in humans, focusing on experimental results where the link between redox homeostasis and HSPs expression by exercise has been addressed. Further, with the support of in vivo and in vitro studies, we discuss the putative molecular mechanisms underlying the ROS-mediated modulation of HSP expression and/or activity during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Hlynsky MW, Kimber DE, Kehler DS, Duhamel TA. The regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:843-54. [PMID: 25730320 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for transporting calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscular contraction. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA facilitates muscular relaxation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. There are more than 10 distinct isoforms of SERCA expressed in different tissues. SERCA2a is the primary isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, whereas SERCA1a is the predominant isoform expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA is regulated at the level of protein content and is further modified by the endogenous proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Additionally, several novel mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as integral regulators of Ca(2+) transport activity. These regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant, as dysregulated SERCA function has been implicated in the pathology of several disease states, including heart failure. Currently, several clinical trials are underway that utilize novel therapeutic approaches to restore SERCA2a activity in humans. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA pump, with a particular emphasis on the influence of exercise in preventing the pathological conditions associated with impaired SERCA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
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31
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Locke M, Celotti C. The effect of heat stress on skeletal muscle contractile properties. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:519-27. [PMID: 24264930 PMCID: PMC4041944 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated heat-shock protein (HSP) content protects cells and tissues, including skeletal muscles, from certain stressors. We determined if heat stress and the elevated HSP content that results is correlated with protection of contractile characteristics of isolated fast and slow skeletal muscles when contracting at elevated temperatures. To elevate muscle HSP content, one hindlimb of Sprague-Dawley rats (21-28 days old, 70-90 g) was subjected to a 15 min 42 °C heat-stress. Twenty-four hours later, both extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were removed, mounted in either 20 °C or 42 °C Krebs-Ringer solution, and electrically stimulated. Controls consisted of the same muscles from the contra-lateral (non-stressed) hindlimbs as well as muscles from other (unstressed) animals. Isolated muscles were twitched and brought to tetanus every 5 min for 30 min. As expected, HSP content was elevated in muscles from the heat-stressed limbs when compared with controls. Regardless of prior treatment, both EDL and soleus twitch tensions were lower at 42 °C when compared with 20 °C. In addition, when incubated at 42 °C, both muscles showed a drop in twitch tension between 5 and 30 min. For tetanic tension, both muscles also showed an increase in tension between 5 and 30 min when stimulated at 20 °C regardless of treatment but when stimulated at 42 °C no change was observed. No protective effect of an elevated HSP content was observed for either muscle. In conclusion, although heat stress caused an elevation in HSP content, no protective effects were conferred to isolated contracting muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Locke
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada,
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Frankenberg NT, Lamb GD, Vissing K, Murphy RM. Subcellular fractionation reveals HSP72 does not associate with SERCA in human skeletal muscle following damaging eccentric and concentric exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:1503-11. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00161.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Through its upregulation and/or translocation, heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is involved in protection and repair of key proteins after physiological stress. In human skeletal muscle we investigated HSP72 protein after eccentric (ECC1) and concentric (CONC) exercise and repeated eccentric exercise (ECC2; 8 wk later) and whether it translocated from its normal cytosolic location to membranes/myofibrils. HSP72 protein increased ∼2-fold 24 h after ECC1, with no apparent change after CONC or ECC2. In resting (nonstressed) human skeletal muscle the total pool of HSP72 protein was present almost exclusively in the cytosolic fraction, and after each exercise protocol the distribution of HSP72 protein remained unaltered. Overall, the amount of HSP72 protein in the cytosol increased 24 h after ECC1, matching the fold increase that was measured in total HSP72 protein. To better ascertain the capabilities and limitations of HSP72, using quantitative Western blotting we determined the HSP72 protein content to be 11.4 μmol/kg wet weight in resting human vastus lateralis muscle, which is comprised of Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch) fibers. HSP72 protein content was similar in individual Type I or II fiber segments. After physiological stress, HSP72 content can increase and, although the functional consequences of increased amounts of HSP72 protein are poorly understood, it has been shown to bind to and protect protein pumps like SERCA and Na+-K+-ATPase. Given no translocation of cytosolic HSP72, these findings suggest eccentric contractions, unlike other forms of stress such as heat, do not trigger tight binding of HSP72 to its primary membrane-bound target proteins, in particular SERCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni T. Frankenberg
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Graham D. Lamb
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section of Sport Science, Dept. of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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Ingemann L, Kirkegaard T. Lysosomal storage diseases and the heat shock response: convergences and therapeutic opportunities. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2198-210. [PMID: 24837749 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r048090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a vital role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through the recycling of cell constituents, a key metabolic function which is highly dependent on the correct function of the lysosomal hydrolases and membrane proteins, as well as correct membrane lipid stoichiometry and composition. The critical role of lysosomal functionality is evident from the severity of the diseases in which the primary lesion is a genetically defined loss-of-function of lysosomal hydrolases or membrane proteins. This group of diseases, known as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), number more than 50 and are associated with severe neurodegeneration, systemic disease, and early death, with only a handful of the diseases having a therapeutic option. Another key homeostatic system is the metabolic stress response or heat shock response (HSR), which is induced in response to a number of physiological and pathological stresses, such as protein misfolding and aggregation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, elevated temperature, viral infections, and various acute traumas. Importantly, the HSR and its cardinal members of the heat shock protein 70 family has been shown to protect against a number of degenerative diseases, including severe diseases of the nervous system. The cytoprotective actions of the HSR also include processes involving the lysosomal system, such as cell death, autophagy, and protection against lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and have shown promise in a number of LSDs. This review seeks to describe the emerging understanding of the interplay between these two essential metabolic systems, the lysosomes and the HSR, with a particular focus on their potential as a therapeutic target for LSDs.
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Impact of exercise and metabolic disorders on heat shock proteins and vascular inflammation. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:836519. [PMID: 23304460 PMCID: PMC3533452 DOI: 10.1155/2012/836519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) play critical roles in the body's self-defense under a variety of stresses, including heat shock, oxidative stress, radiation, and wounds, through the regulation of folding and functions of relevant cellular proteins. Exercise increases the levels of Hsp through elevated temperature, hormones, calcium fluxes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), or mechanical deformation of tissues. Isotonic contractions and endurance- type activities tend to increase Hsp60 and Hsp70. Eccentric muscle contractions lead to phosphorylation and translocation of Hsp25/27. Exercise-induced transient increases of Hsp inhibit the generation of inflammatory mediators and vascular inflammation. Metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia) are associated with type 1 diabetes (an autoimmune disease), type 2 diabetes (the common type of diabetes usually associated with obesity), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Metabolic disorders activate HSF/Hsp pathway, which was associated with oxidative stress, increased generation of inflammatory mediators, vascular inflammation, and cell injury. Knock down of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) reduced the activation of key inflammatory mediators in vascular cells. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that the activation of HSF/Hsp induced by exercise or metabolic disorders may play a dual role in inflammation. The benefits of exercise on inflammation and metabolism depend on the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity.
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Larkins NT, Murphy RM, Lamb GD. Influences of temperature, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation on binding of heat shock proteins in skeletal muscle fibers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C654-65. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00180.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) help maintain cellular function in stressful situations, but the processes controlling their interactions with target proteins are not well defined. This study examined the binding of HSP72, HSP25, and αB-crystallin in skeletal muscle fibers following various stresses. Rat soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were subjected in vitro to heat stress or strongly fatiguing stimulation. Superficial fibers were “skinned” by microdissection and HSP diffusibility assessed from the extent of washout following 10- to 30 min exposure to a physiological intracellular solution. In fibers from nonstressed (control) SOL muscle, >80% of each HSP is readily diffusible. However, after heating a muscle to 40°C for 30 min ∼95% of HSP25 and αB-crystallin becomes tightly bound at nonmembranous myofibrillar sites, whereas HSP72 bound at membranous sites only after heat treatment to ≥44°C. The ratio of reduced to oxidized cytoplasmic glutathione (GSH:GSSG) decreased approximately two- and fourfold after heating muscles to 40° and 45°C, respectively. The reducing agent dithiothreitol reversed HSP72 binding in heated muscles but had no effect on the other HSPs. Intense in vitro stimulation of SOL muscles, sufficient to elicit substantial oxidation-related loss of maximum force and approximately fourfold decrease in the GSH:GSSG ratio, had no effect on diffusibility of any of the HSPs. When skinned fibers from heat-treated muscles were bathed with additional exogenous HSP72, total binding increased approximately two- and 10-fold, respectively, in SOL and EDL fibers, possibly reflective of the relative sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump densities in the two fiber types. Phosphorylation at Ser59 on αB-crystallin and Ser85 on HSP25 increased with heat treatment but did not appear to determine HSP binding. The findings highlight major differences in the processes controlling binding of HSP72 and the two small HSPs. Binding was not directly related to cytoplasmic oxidative status, but oxidation of cysteine residues influenced HSP72 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni T. Larkins
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham D. Lamb
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Heat-shock proteins attenuate SERCA inactivation by the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2: possible implications for the ER Ca2+-mediated apoptosis. Biochem J 2012; 444:127-39. [PMID: 22360692 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that Bcl-2 and Bcl-2Δ21, a C-terminally truncated Bcl-2 sequence, inactivate SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase) 1 in isolated SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum), accompanied by a translocation from CRDs (caveolae-related domains) of the SR. In the present study, we obtained evidence for the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA2b in C2C12 myoblasts and HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. Bcl-2 and SERCA2b co-immunoprecipitated from lysate and microsomal fractions of Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. However, Bcl-2 overexpression resulted only in a slight translocation from the CRDs and no significant SERCA inactivation. In isolated HEK-293 cell microsomes, incubation with Bcl-2Δ21 afforded SERCA2b inactivation and some translocation. HSP (heat-shock protein) 70, HSP90, HSP27 and α-crystallin attenuated Bcl-2Δ21-dependent SERCA2b inactivation. An in vitro mechanistic study with the SERCA1 isoform shows that HSP70 (i) protects SERCA1 from the inactivation by Bcl-2Δ21, (ii) inhibits SERCA1 translocation from CRD fractions, and (iii) prevents the Bcl-2Δ21-dependent loss of FITC labelling. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism of SERCA inactivation by Bcl-2 established in vitro for the SERCA1 isoform can be extended to the main housekeeping SERCA2b isoform, and that functional interactions of SERCA2b and Bcl-2 in the cell may be modulated by HSP70 and other chaperones and stress-regulated proteins.
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Hsp72 preserves muscle function and slows progression of severe muscular dystrophy. Nature 2012; 484:394-8. [PMID: 22495301 DOI: 10.1038/nature10980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and progressive muscle wasting disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that result in the absence of the membrane-stabilizing protein dystrophin. Dystrophin-deficient muscle fibres are fragile and susceptible to an influx of Ca(2+), which activates inflammatory and muscle degenerative pathways. At present there is no cure for DMD, and existing therapies are ineffective. Here we show that increasing the expression of intramuscular heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) preserves muscle strength and ameliorates the dystrophic pathology in two mouse models of muscular dystrophy. Treatment with BGP-15 (a pharmacological inducer of Hsp72 currently in clinical trials for diabetes) improved muscle architecture, strength and contractile function in severely affected diaphragm muscles in mdx dystrophic mice. In dko mice, a phenocopy of DMD that results in severe spinal curvature (kyphosis), muscle weakness and premature death, BGP-15 decreased kyphosis, improved the dystrophic pathophysiology in limb and diaphragm muscles and extended lifespan. We found that the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA, the main protein responsible for the removal of intracellular Ca(2+)) is dysfunctional in severely affected muscles of mdx and dko mice, and that Hsp72 interacts with SERCA to preserve its function under conditions of stress, ultimately contributing to the decreased muscle degeneration seen with Hsp72 upregulation. Treatment with BGP-15 similarly increased SERCA activity in dystrophic skeletal muscles. Our results provide evidence that increasing the expression of Hsp72 in muscle (through the administration of BGP-15) has significant therapeutic potential for DMD and related conditions, either as a self-contained therapy or as an adjuvant with other potential treatments, including gene, cell and pharmacological therapies.
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Silver JT, Noble EG. Regulation of survival gene hsp70. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:1-9. [PMID: 21874533 PMCID: PMC3227850 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid expression of the survival gene, inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), is critical for mounting cytoprotection against severe cellular stress, like elevated temperature. Hsp70 protein chaperones the refolding of heat-denatured peptides to minimize proteolytic degradation as a part of an eukaryotically conserved phenomenon referred to as the heat shock response. The physiologic stress associated with exercise, which can include elevated temperature, mechanical damage, hypoxia, lowered pH, and reactive oxygen species generation, may promote protein unfolding, leading to hsp70 gene expression in skeletal myofibers. Although the pre-transcriptional activation of hsp70 gene expression has been thoroughly reviewed, discussion of downstream hsp70 gene regulation is less extensive. The purpose of this brief review was to examine all levels of hsp70 gene regulation in response to heat stress and exercise with a special focus on skeletal myofibers where data are available. In general, while heat stress represses bulk gene expression, hsp70 mRNA expression is enhanced. Post-transcriptionally, intronless hsp70 mRNA circumvents a host of decay pathways, as well as heat stress-repressed pre-mRNA splicing and nuclear export. Pre-translationally, hsp70 mRNA is excluded from stress granules and preferentially translated during heat stress-repressed global cap-dependent translation. Post-translationally, nascent Hsp70 protein is thermodynamically stable at elevated temperatures, allowing for the commencement of chaperoning activity early after synthesis to attenuate the heat shock response and protect against subsequent injury. This review demonstrates that hsp70 mRNA expression is closely coupled with functional protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Thomas Silver
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Earl G. Noble
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 3K7
- Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada N6A 3K7
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Larkins NT, Murphy RM, Lamb GD. Absolute amounts and diffusibility of HSP72, HSP25, and αB-crystallin in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers of rat. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C228-39. [PMID: 21975426 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential for normal cellular stress responses. Absolute amounts of HSP72, HSP25, and αB-crystallin in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle were ascertained by quantitative Western blotting to better understand their respective capabilities and limitations. HSP72 content of EDL and SOL muscle was only ∼1.1 and 4.6 μmol/kg wet wt, respectively, and HSP25 content approximately twofold greater (∼3.4 and ∼8.9 μmol/kg, respectively). αB-crystallin content of EDL muscle was ∼4.9 μmol/kg but in SOL muscle was ∼30-fold higher (∼140 μmol/kg). To examine fiber heterogeneity, HSP content was also assessed in individual fiber segments; every EDL type II fiber had less of each HSP than any SOL type I fiber, whereas the two SOL type II fibers examined were indistinguishable from the EDL type II fibers. Sarcolemma removal (fiber skinning) demonstrated that 10-20% of HSP25 and αB-crystallin was sarcolemma-associated in SOL fibers. HSP diffusibility was assessed from the extent and rate of diffusion out of skinned fiber segments. In unstressed SOL fibers, 70-90% of each HSP was readily diffusible, whereas ∼95% remained tightly bound in fibers from SOL muscles heated to 45°C. Membrane disruption with Triton X-100 allowed dispersion of HSP72 and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase pumps but did not alter binding of HSP25 or αB-crystallin. The amount of HSP72 in unstressed EDL muscle is much less than the number of its putative binding sites, whereas SOL type I fibers contain large amounts of αB-crystallin, suggesting its importance in normal cellular function without upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni T Larkins
- Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hadley KC, Borrelli MJ, Lepock JR, McLaurin J, Croul SE, Guha A, Chakrabartty A. Multiphoton ANS fluorescence microscopy as an in vivo sensor for protein misfolding stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:549-61. [PMID: 21484286 PMCID: PMC3156256 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of cells to maintain protein folding homeostasis is implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, malignant transformation, and aging. We find that multiphoton fluorescence imaging of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) can be used to assess cellular responses to protein misfolding stresses. ANS is relatively nontoxic and enters live cells and cells or tissues fixed in formalin. In an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, ANS fluorescence imaging of brain tissue sections reveals the binding of ANS to fibrillar deposits of amyloid peptide (Aβ) in amyloid plaques and in cerebrovascular amyloid. ANS imaging also highlights non-amyloid deposits of glial fibrillary acidic protein in brain tumors. Cultured cells under normal growth conditions possess a number of ANS-binding structures. High levels of ANS fluorescence are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, and lysosomes-regions of protein folding and degradation. Nuclei are virtually devoid of ANS binding sites. Additional ANS binding is triggered by hyperthermia, thermal lesioning, proteasome inhibition, and induction of ER stress. We also use multiphoton imaging of ANS binding to follow the in vivo recovery of cells from protein-damaging insults over time. We find that ANS fluorescence tracks with the binding of the molecular chaperone Hsp70 in compartments where Hsp70 is present. ANS highlights the sensitivity of specific cellular targets, including the nucleus and particularly the nucleolus, to thermal stress and proteasome inhibition. Multiphoton imaging of ANS binding should be a useful probe for monitoring protein misfolding stress in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Hadley
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto. Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Michael J. Borrelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - James R. Lepock
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto. Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, 6 Queen’s Park Cres. W., Toronto, ON M5S 3H2 Canada
| | - Sidney E. Croul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, UHN Path 11E426 Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Abhijit Guha
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Centre, Hospital for Sick Children’s Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Avijit Chakrabartty
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Toronto Medical Discovery Tower 4-307, MaRS Center 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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Miles AJ, Wallace BA, Esmann M. Correlation of structural and functional thermal stability of the integral membrane protein Na,K-ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2573-80. [PMID: 21712026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-bound cation-transporting P-type Na,K-ATPase isolated from pig kidney membranes is much more resistant towards thermal inactivation than the almost identical membrane-bound Na,K-ATPase isolated from shark rectal gland membranes. The loss of enzymatic activity is correlated well with changes in protein structure as determined using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy. The enzymatic activity is lost at a 12°C higher temperature for pig enzyme than for shark enzyme, and the major changes in protein secondary structure also occur at T(m)'s that are ~10-15°C higher for the pig than for the shark enzyme. The temperature optimum for the rate of hydrolysis of ATP is about 42°C for shark and about 57°C for pig, both of which are close to the temperatures for onset of thermal unfolding. These results suggest that the active site region may be amongst the earliest parts of the structure to unfold. Detergent-solubilized Na,K-ATPases from the two sources show the similar differences in thermal stability as the membrane-bound species, but inactivation occurs at a lower temperature for both, and may reflect the stabilizing effect of a bilayer versus a micellar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Miles
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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Xie J, Zhao J, Xiao C, Xu Y, Yang S, Ni W. Reduced heat shock protein 70 in airway smooth muscle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Lung Res 2010; 36:219-26. [PMID: 20426530 DOI: 10.3109/01902140903349562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrated that pathophysiological abnormalities of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contribute significantly to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, the aim of this study is to investigate heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in ASM in COPD. ASM from 8 COPD patients and 6 controls were isolated for detection of Hsp70 using Western blot. Male adult Wister rats were exposed to mixture of cigarette smoke/air or room air for an indicated period. The lung tissues were obtained for pathological analysis, and ASM were dissected for Hsp70 detection. Normalized Hsp70 in ASM from COPD patients was significantly lower than that from controls (P <.001), and it was a significant positive correlation of Hsp70 and lung function. One-month exposure of rats to cigarette smoke/air mixture led to increased expression of Hsp70 and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf1) in ASM as compared to controls, whereas 3-month exposure caused dramatically reduced Hsp70 and Hsf1 than control animals. In addition, 3-month exposure to cigarette smoke/air mixture resulted in significantly lower Hsp70 and Hsf1 in rats ASM than 1-month exposure (P <.001), and it was a positive correlation of Hsf1 and Hsp70. Long-term cigarette smoking results in reduced expression of Hsp70 in ASM. This finding provides additional insight in understanding molecular changes in ASM during COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Xie
- 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Rodgers CI, Armstrong GAB, Robertson RM. Coma in response to environmental stress in the locust: a model for cortical spreading depression. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:980-990. [PMID: 20361971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is an interesting and important phenomenon due to its role in mammalian pathologies such as migraine, seizures, and stroke. Until recently investigations of the mechanisms involved in SD have mostly utilized mammalian cortical tissue, however we have discovered that SD-like events occur in the CNS of an invertebrate model, Locusta migratoria. Locusts enter comas in response to stress during which neural and muscular systems shut down until the stress is removed, and this is believed to be an adaptive strategy to survive extreme environmental conditions. During stress-induced comas SD-like events occur in the locust metathoracic ganglion (MTG) that closely resemble cortical SD (CSD) in many respects, including mechanism of induction, extracellular potassium ion changes, and propagation in areas equivalent to mammalian grey matter. In this review we describe the generation of comas and the associated SD-like events in the locust, provide a description of the similarities to CSD, and show how they can be manipulated both by stress preconditioning and pharmacologically. We also suggest that locust SD-like events are adaptive by conserving energy and preventing cellular damage, and we provide a model for the mechanism of SD onset and recovery in the locust nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne I Rodgers
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Biosciences Complex, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Lamhonwah AM, Bear CE, Huan LJ, Kim Chiaw P, Ackerley CA, Tein I. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in human muscle: Dysfunction causes abnormal metabolic recovery in exercise. Ann Neurol 2010; 67:802-8. [PMID: 20517942 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) have exercise intolerance and skeletal muscle weakness not solely attributable to physical inactivity or pulmonary function abnormalities. CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been demonstrated in human bronchial smooth and cardiac muscle. Using (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skeletal muscle, we showed CF patients to have lower resting muscle adenosine triphosphate and delayed phosphocreatine recovery times after high-intensity exercise, suggesting abnormal muscle aerobic metabolism; and higher end-exercise pH values, suggesting altered bicarbonate transport. Our objective was to study CFTR expression in human skeletal muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied CFTR expression in human skeletal muscle by Western blot with anti-CFTR antibody (Ab) L12B4 and demonstrated a single band with expected molecular weight of 168kDa. We isolated the cDNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced a 975bp segment (c. 3,600-4,575) that was identical to the human CFTR sequence. We showed punctate staining of CFTR in sarcoplasm and sarcolemma by immunofluorescence microscopy with L12B4 Ab and secondary Alexa 488-labeled Ab. We confirmed CFTR expression in the sarcotubular network and sarcolemma by electron microscopy, using immunogold-labeled anti-CFTR Ab. We observed activation of CFTR Cl(-) channels with iodide efflux, on addition of forskolin, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, and 8-chlorphenylthio-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, in wild-type C57BL/6J isolated muscle fibers in contrast to no efflux from mutant F508del-CFTR muscle. INTERPRETATION We speculate that a defect in sarcoplasmic reticulum CFTR Cl(-) channels could alter the electrochemical gradient, causing dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis, for example, ryanodine receptor or sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) adenosine triphosphatases essential to excitation-contraction coupling leading to exercise intolerance and muscle weakness in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lamhonwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thomas MM, Vigna C, Betik AC, Tupling AR, Hepple RT. Initiating treadmill training in late middle age offers modest adaptations in Ca2+ handling but enhances oxidative damage in senescent rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R1269-78. [PMID: 20200131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00663.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging skeletal muscle shows an increased time to peak force and relaxation and a decreased specific force, all of which could relate to changes in muscle Ca(2+) handling. The purpose of this study was to determine if Ca(2+)-handling protein content and function are decreased in senescent gastrocnemius muscle and if initiating a training program in late middle age (LMA, 29 mo old) could improve function in senescent (34- to 36-mo-old) muscle. LMA male Fischer 344 x Brown-Norway rats underwent 5-7 mo of treadmill training. Aging resulted in a decrease in maximal sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity and a decrease in Ca(2+) release rate but no change in Ca(2+) uptake rate. Efficiency of the Ca(2+) pump was increased with age, as was the content of SERCA2a. Training caused a further increase in SERCA2a content. Aging also caused an increase in protein carbonyl and reactive nitrogen species damage accumulation, and both further increased with training. Consistent with the increase in oxidative damage, heat shock protein 70 content was increased with age and further increased with training. Together, these results suggest that while initiating exercise training in LMA augments the age-related increase in expression of heat shock protein 70 and the more efficient SERCA2a isoform, it did not prevent the decrease in SERCA activity and exacerbated oxidative damage in senescent gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Thomas
- Muscle and Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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McGivney BA, Eivers SS, MacHugh DE, MacLeod JN, O'Gorman GM, Park SDE, Katz LM, Hill EW. Transcriptional adaptations following exercise in thoroughbred horse skeletal muscle highlights molecular mechanisms that lead to muscle hypertrophy. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:638. [PMID: 20042072 PMCID: PMC2812474 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selection for exercise-adapted phenotypes in the Thoroughbred racehorse has provided a valuable model system to understand molecular responses to exercise in skeletal muscle. Exercise stimulates immediate early molecular responses as well as delayed responses during recovery, resulting in a return to homeostasis and enabling long term adaptation. Global mRNA expression during the immediate-response period has not previously been reported in skeletal muscle following exercise in any species. Also, global gene expression changes in equine skeletal muscle following exercise have not been reported. Therefore, to identify novel genes and key regulatory pathways responsible for exercise adaptation we have used equine-specific cDNA microarrays to examine global mRNA expression in skeletal muscle from a cohort of Thoroughbred horses (n = 8) at three time points (before exercise, immediately post-exercise, and four hours post-exercise) following a single bout of treadmill exercise. Results Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the gluteus medius before (T0), immediately after (T1) and four hours after (T2) exercise. Statistically significant differences in mRNA abundance between time points (T0 vs T1 and T0 vs T2) were determined using the empirical Bayes moderated t-test in the Bioconductor package Linear Models for Microarray Data (LIMMA) and the expression of a select panel of genes was validated using real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). While only two genes had increased expression at T1 (P < 0.05), by T2 932 genes had increased (P < 0.05) and 562 genes had decreased expression (P < 0.05). Functional analysis of genes differentially expressed during the recovery phase (T2) revealed an over-representation of genes localized to the actin cytoskeleton and with functions in the MAPK signalling, focal adhesion, insulin signalling, mTOR signaling, p53 signaling and Type II diabetes mellitus pathways. At T1, using a less stringent statistical approach, we observed an over-representation of genes involved in the stress response, metabolism and intracellular signaling. These findings suggest that protein synthesis, mechanosensation and muscle remodeling contribute to skeletal muscle adaptation towards improved integrity and hypertrophy. Conclusions This is the first study to characterize global mRNA expression profiles in equine skeletal muscle using an equine-specific microarray platform. Here we reveal novel genes and mechanisms that are temporally expressed following exercise providing new knowledge about the early and late molecular responses to exercise in the equine skeletal muscle transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A McGivney
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Morton JP, Kayani AC, McArdle A, Drust B. The Exercise-Induced Stress Response of Skeletal Muscle, with Specific Emphasis on Humans. Sports Med 2009; 39:643-62. [DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939080-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Tupling AR. The decay phase of Ca2+ transients in skeletal muscle: regulation and physiologyThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34:373-6. [DOI: 10.1139/h09-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ transients associated with contraction and relaxation cycles in skeletal muscle are primarily dependent on the kinetics of Ca2+ release and Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In humans, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) are solely responsible for the removal of Ca2+ from the cytosol following muscle contraction. There are several signalling systems involved in the acute regulation of SERCAs required to achieve a given Ca2+ transient during muscle contraction–relaxation cycles. Cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase signalling activate SERCAs through the regulation of the endogenous SERCA-regulatory proteins, phospholamban and sarcolipin, both of which are highly expressed in human skeletal muscle. Recent studies on the regulation of SERCA2b in arterial smooth muscle and work from my laboratory on the interaction between SERCAs and the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein suggests a novel role for redox signalling in regulating SERCA activity. In the absence of fatigue, activation of these signalling systems in response to repeated muscle activity serves to increase the rate of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]f) decay (i.e., SR Ca2+ uptake) and the speed of muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada (e-mail: )
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Klose MK, Boulianne GL, Robertson RM, Atwood HL. Role of ATP-dependent calcium regulation in modulation of Drosophila synaptic thermotolerance. J Neurophysiol 2009; 102:901-13. [PMID: 19474168 DOI: 10.1152/jn.91209.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of synaptic transmission requires regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) in presynaptic nerve terminals; loss of this regulation at elevated temperatures may cause synaptic failure. Accordingly, we examined the thermosensitivity of presynaptic calcium regulation in Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions, testing for effects of disrupting calcium clearance. Motor neurons were loaded with the ratiometric Ca(2+) indicator Fura-dextran to monitor calcium regulation as temperature increased. Block of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger or removal of extracellular Ca(2+) prevented the normal temperature-induced increase in resting calcium. Conversely, two treatments that interfered with Ca(2+) clearance-inactivation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase with thapsigargin and inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase with high pH-significantly accelerated the temperature-induced rise in resting Ca(2+) concentration and reduced the thermotolerance of synaptic transmission. Disrupting Ca(2+)-ATPase function by interfering with energy production also facilitated the temperature-induced rise in resting [Ca(2+)] and reduced thermotolerance of synaptic transmission. Conversely, fortifying energy levels with extra intracellular ATP extended the operating temperature range of both synaptic transmission and Ca(2+) regulation. In each of these cases, Ca(2+) elevations evoked by an electrical stimulation of the nerve (evoked Ca(2+) responses) failed when resting Ca(2+) remained >e 200 nM for several minutes. Failure of synaptic function was correlated with the release of intracellular calcium stores, and we provide evidence suggesting that release from the mitochondria disrupts evoked calcium responses and synaptic transmission. Thus the thermal limit of synaptic transmission may be directly linked to the stability of ATP-dependent mechanisms that regulate intracellular ion concentrations in the nerve terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Klose
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ogata T, Machida S, Oishi Y, Higuchi M, Muraoka I. Differential cell death regulation between adult-unloaded and aged rat soleus muscle. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:328-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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