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Mane V, Mehta R, Alvarez N, Sharma V, Park S, Fox A, DeCarlo C, Yang X, Perlin DS, Powell RLR. In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2303226. [PMID: 38251677 PMCID: PMC10807469 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosae, with secretory form (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable. sIgA is challenging to produce recombinantly but is naturally found in human milk, which could be considered a global resource for this biologic, justifying its development as a mucosal therapeutic. Presently, SARS-CoV-2 was utilized as a model mucosal pathogen, and methods were developed to efficiently extract human milk sIgA from donors who were naïve to SARS-CoV-2 or had recovered from infection that elicited high-titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike sIgA in their milk (pooled to make LCTG-002). Mass spectrometry determined that proteins with a relative abundance of 1% or greater were all associated with sIgA. Western blot demonstrated that all batches consisted predominantly of sIgA. Compared to control IgA, LCTG-002 demonstrated significantly higher Spike binding (mean endpoint of 0.87 versus 5.87). LCTG-002 was capable of blocking the Spike receptor-binding domain - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction with significantly greater potency compared to control (mean LCTG-002 IC50 154ug/mL versus 50% inhibition not achieved for control), and exhibited significant neutralization activity against Spike-pseudotyped virus infection (mean LCTG-002 IC50 49.8ug/mL versus 114.5ug/mL for control). LCTG-002 was tested for its capacity to reduce viral lung burden in K18+hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. LCTG-002 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 titers compared to control when administered at 0.25 mg/day or 1 mg/day, with a maximum TCID50 reduction of 4.9 logs. This innovative study demonstrates that LCTG-002 is highly pure and efficacious in vivo, supporting further development of milk-derived, polyclonal sIgA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Mane
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rikin Mehta
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nadine Alvarez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Vijeta Sharma
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Park
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Alisa Fox
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire DeCarlo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L. R. Powell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Carreto-Binaghi LE, Sztein MB, Booth JS. Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1446072. [PMID: 39324143 PMCID: PMC11422102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system is a critical first line of defense to infectious diseases, as many pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, disrupting the balanced interactions between mucosal cells, secretory molecules, and microbiota in this challenging microenvironment. The mucosal immune system comprises of a complex and integrated network that includes the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). One of its primary responses to microbes is the secretion of IgA, whose role in the mucosa is vital for preventing pathogen colonization, invasion and spread. The mechanisms involved in these key responses include neutralization of pathogens, immune exclusion, immune modulation, and cross-protection. The generation and maintenance of high affinity IgA responses require a delicate balance of multiple components, including B and T cell interactions, innate cells, the cytokine milieu (e.g., IL-21, IL-10, TGF-β), and other factors essential for intestinal homeostasis, including the gut microbiota. In this review, we will discuss the main cellular components (e.g., T cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells) in the gut microenvironment as mediators of important effector responses and as critical players in supporting B cells in eliciting and maintaining IgA production, particularly in the context of enteric infections and vaccination in humans. Understanding the mechanisms of humoral and cellular components in protection could guide and accelerate the development of more effective mucosal vaccines and therapeutic interventions to efficiently combat mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Carreto-Binaghi
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiologia de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jayaum S Booth
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhou Y, Zhang D, Cheng H, Wu J, Liu J, Feng W, Peng C. Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1389925. [PMID: 39027133 PMCID: PMC11254640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1389925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut barrier is not only part of the digestive organ but also an important immunological organ for the hosts. The disruption of gut barrier can lead to various diseases such as obesity and colitis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained much attention for its rich clinical experiences enriched in thousands of years. After orally taken, TCM can interplay with gut microbiota. On one hand, TCM can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, gut microbiota can transform TCM compounds. The gut microbiota metabolites produced during the actions of these interplays exert noticeable pharmacological effects on the host especially gut barrier. Recently, a large number of studies have investigated the repairing and fortifying effects of TCM on gut barriers from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, no review has summarized the mechanism behand this beneficiary effects of TCM. In this review, we first briefly introduce the unique structure and specific function of gut barrier. Then, we summarize the interactions and relationship amidst gut microbiota, gut microbiota metabolites and TCM. Further, we summarize the regulative effects and mechanisms of TCM on gut barrier including physical barrier, chemical barrier, immunological barrier, and microbial barrier. At last, we discuss the effects of TCM on diseases that are associated gut barrier destruction such as ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes. Our review can provide insights into TCM, gut barrier and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Yao Y, Shang W, Bao L, Peng Z, Wu C. Epithelial-immune cell crosstalk for intestinal barrier homeostasis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350631. [PMID: 38556632 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is mainly formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which forms a physical barrier to protect the gut tissues from external insults and provides a microenvironment for commensal bacteria to colonize while ensuring immune tolerance. Moreover, various immune cells are known to significantly contribute to intestinal barrier function by either directly interacting with epithelial cells or by producing immune mediators. Fulfilling this function of the gut barrier for mucosal homeostasis requires not only the intrinsic regulation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but also constant communication with immune cells and gut microbes. The reciprocal interactions between IECs and immune cells modulate mucosal barrier integrity. Dysregulation of barrier function could lead to dysbiosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In this overview, we provide an update on the characteristics and functions of IECs, and how they integrate their functions with tissue immune cells and gut microbiota to establish gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition & Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanjing Shang
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingyu Bao
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Peng
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dishaw LJ, Litman GW, Liberti A. Tethering of soluble immune effectors to mucin and chitin reflects a convergent and dynamic role in gut immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230078. [PMID: 38497268 PMCID: PMC10945408 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system employs soluble effectors to shape luminal spaces. Antibodies are soluble molecules that effect immunological responses, including neutralization, opsonization, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and complement activation. These molecules are comprised of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The N-terminal Ig domains recognize antigen, and the C-terminal domains facilitate their elimination through phagocytosis (opsonization). A less-recognized function mediated by the C-terminal Ig domains of the IgG class of antibodies (Fc region) involves the formation of multiple low-affinity bonds with the mucus matrix. This association anchors the antibody molecule to the matrix to entrap potential pathogens. Even though invertebrates are not known to have antibodies, protochordates have a class of secreted molecules containing Ig domains that can bind bacteria and potentially serve a similar purpose. The VCBPs (V region-containing chitin-binding proteins) possess a C-terminal chitin-binding domain that helps tether them to chitin-rich mucus gels, mimicking the IgG-mediated Fc trapping of microbes in mucus. The broad functional similarity of these structurally divergent, Ig-containing, secreted effectors makes a case for a unique form of convergent evolution within chordates. This opinion essay highlights emerging evidence that divergent secreted immune effectors with Ig-like domains evolved to manage immune recognition at mucosal surfaces in strikingly similar ways. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Dishaw
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - G. W. Litman
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - A. Liberti
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Naples, Italy
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Pan S, Manabe N, Ohno S, Komatsu S, Fujimura T, Yamaguchi Y. Each N-glycan on human IgA and J-chain uniquely affects oligomericity and stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130536. [PMID: 38070292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a pivotal role in various immune responses, especially that of mucosal immunity. IgA is usually assembled into dimers with the contribution of J-chains. There are two N-glycosylation sites in human IgA1-Fc and one in the J-chain. There is no consensus as yet on the functional role of the N-glycosylation. METHODS To gain a better understanding of their role, we designed a series of IgA1-Fc mutants, which were expressed in the absence or presence of the J-chain. RESULTS IgA1-Fc without the J-chain, was predominantly expressed as a monomer, and in its presence dimers and some polymers appeared. N263 (Fc Cα2), N459 (Fc tailpiece) and N49 (J-chain) were shown to be site-specifically modified with N-glycans by mass spectrometry analysis. Mutant IgA1-Fc N459Q failed to form a proper dimer in the presence of the J-chain, instead higher-order aggregates appeared. Fluorescence experiments suggest that the N459-glycans cover a hydrophobic surface at the Fc tailpiece that prevents other Fc molecules from approaching the dimeric IgA. A thermofluor assay revealed that the N-glycans at N263 (Fc) and N49 (J-chain) both contribute in different ways to the thermal stability of the Fc-J-chain complex. NMR analysis of 13C-labeled Fc suggests that the N459-glycan is relatively flexible while the N263-glycan is more rigid. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the N459-glycan of IgA1-Fc is essential for dimer formation and prevention of higher-order aggregates while those at N263 (Fc) and N49 (J-chain) stabilize the Fc-J-chain complex. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Site-specific role for N-glycan in molecular assembly is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Pan
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Manabe
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shiho Ohno
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Komatsu
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan.
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Bharathkar SK, Miller MJ, Stadtmueller BM. Engineered Secretory Immunoglobulin A provides insights on antibody-based effector mechanisms targeting Clostridiodes difficile. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566291. [PMID: 37986930 PMCID: PMC10659285 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Secretory (S) Immunoglobin (Ig) A is the predominant mucosal antibody, which mediates host interactions with commensal and pathogenic microbes, including Clostridioides difficile. SIgA adopts a polymeric IgA structure that is bound by secretory component (SC). Despite significance, how SIgA supports diverse effector mechanisms is poorly characterized and SIgA-based therapies nonexistent. We engineered chimeric (c) SIgAs, in which we replaced SC domain D2 with a single domain antibody or a monomeric fluorescent protein, allowing us to investigate and enhance SIgA effector mechanisms. cSIgAs exhibited increased neutralization potency against C. difficile toxins, promoted bacterial clumping and cell rupture, and decreased cytotoxicity. cSIgA also allowed us to visualize and/or quantify C. difficile morphological changes and clumping events. Results reveal mechanisms by which SIgA combats C. difficile infection, demonstrate that cSIgA design can modulate these mechanisms, and demonstrate cSIgA's adaptability to modifications that might target a broad range of antigens and effector mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kumar Bharathkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Carle R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology
- Department of food science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Beth M. Stadtmueller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 USA
- Carle R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology
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8
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Huang FW, Song H, Weinstein HN, Xie J, Cooperberg MR, Hicks J, Mummert L, De Marzo AM, Sfanos KS. Club-like cells in proliferative inflammatory atrophy of the prostate. J Pathol 2023; 261:85-95. [PMID: 37550827 PMCID: PMC10527202 DOI: 10.1002/path.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Club cells are a type of bronchiolar epithelial cell that serve a protective role in the lung and regenerate damaged lung epithelium. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of young adult human prostate and urethra identified cell populations in the prostatic urethra and collecting ducts similar in morphology and transcriptomic profile to lung club cells. We further identified club cell-like epithelial cells by scRNA-seq of prostate peripheral zone tissues. Here, we aimed to identify and spatially localize club cells in situ in the prostate, including in the peripheral zone. We performed chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization for five club cell markers (CP, LTF, MMP7, PIGR, SCGB1A1) in a series of (1) nondiseased organ donor prostate and (2) radical prostatectomy specimens from individuals with prostate cancer. We report that expression of club cell genes in the peripheral zone is associated with inflammation and limited to luminal epithelial cells classified as intermediate cells in proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). Club-like cells were enriched in radical prostatectomy specimens compared to nondiseased prostates and associated with high-grade prostate cancer. We previously reported that luminal epithelial cells in PIA can rarely harbor oncogenic TMPRSS2:ERG (ERG+) gene fusions, and we now demonstrate that club cells are present in association with ERG+ PIA that is transitioning to early adenocarcinoma. Finally, prostate epithelial organoids derived from prostatectomy specimens demonstrate that club-like epithelial cells can be established in organoids and are sensitive to anti-androgen-directed treatment in vitro in terms of decreased androgen signaling gene expression signatures compared to basal or hillock cells. Overall, our study identifies a population of club-like cells in PIA and proposes that these cells play an analogous role to that of club cells in bronchiolar epithelium. Our results further suggest that inflammation drives lineage plasticity in the human prostate and that club cells in PIA may be prone to oncogenic transformation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin W. Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hanbing Song
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hannah N.W. Weinstein
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jamie Xie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jessica Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Luke Mummert
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Karen S. Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Mane V, Mehta R, Alvarez N, Sharma V, Park S, Fox A, DeCarlo C, Yang X, Perlin DS, Powell RLR. In Vivo Antiviral Efficacy of LCTG-002, a Pooled, Purified Human Milk Secretory IgA product, Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Murine Model of COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554813. [PMID: 37693438 PMCID: PMC10491103 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosal compartments including the respiratory tract, with the secretory form of IgA (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable in these environments. sIgA is naturally found in human milk, which could be considered a global resource for this biologic, justifying the development of human milk sIgA as a dedicated airway therapeutic for respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, methods were therefore developed to efficiently extract human milk sIgA from donors who were either immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (pooled as a control IgA) or had recovered from a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that elicited high-titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike sIgA Abs in their milk (pooled together to make LCTG-002). Mass spectrometry determined that proteins with a relative abundance of 1.0% or greater were all associated with sIgA. None of the proteins exhibited statistically significant differences between batches. Western blot demonstrated all batches consisted predominantly of sIgA. Compared to control IgA, LCTG-002 demonstrated significantly higher binding to Spike, and was also capable of blocking the Spike - ACE2 interaction in vitro with 6.3x greater potency compared to control IgA (58% inhibition at ∼240ug/mL). LCTG-002 was then tested in vivo for its capacity to reduce viral burden in the lungs of K18+hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. LCTG-002 was demonstrated to significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 titers in the lungs compared to control IgA when administered at either 250ug/day or 1 mg/day, as measured by TCID50, plaque forming units (PFU), and qRT-PCR, with a maximum reduction of 4.9 logs. This innovative study demonstrates that LCTG-002 is highly pure, efficacious, and well tolerated in vivo, supporting further development of milk-derived, polyclonal sIgA therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and other mucosal infections.
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10
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Stafford LS, Valcarce V, Henry M, Neu J, Parker L, Mueller M, Vicuna V, Gowen T, Cato E, Kosik I, Yewdell JW, Atkinson M, Cacho N, Li N, Larkin J. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk and breastfeeding infant stool 6 months after maternal COVID-19 vaccination. J Perinatol 2023; 43:775-781. [PMID: 36631564 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess presence, durability, and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in breastfeeding infants' stool, mother's plasma and milk following maternal vaccination. DESIGN Thirty-seven mothers and 25 infants were enrolled between December 2020 and November 2021 for this prospective observational study. All mothers were vaccinated during lactation except three, which were vaccinated during pregnancy. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool was collected pre-vaccination and at periods up to 6 months following COVID-19 vaccine series initiation/completion. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG levels were higher in infant stool post-maternal vaccination amongst milk-fed compared to controls. Maternal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG concentrations decreased over 6 months post-vaccination but remained higher than pre-vaccination levels. We observed improved neutralization capacity in milk and plasma after COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in infant stool following maternal vaccination offers further evidence of the lasting transfer of these antibodies through breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Valcarce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leslie Parker
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Martina Mueller
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Valeria Vicuna
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Gowen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emilee Cato
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Kosik
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Wilson Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Cacho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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11
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Ding L, Chen X, Cheng H, Zhang T, Li Z. Advances in IgA glycosylation and its correlation with diseases. Front Chem 2022; 10:974854. [PMID: 36238099 PMCID: PMC9552352 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.974854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant immunoglobulin synthesized in the human body. It has the highest concentration in the mucosa and is second only to IgG in serum. IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity, and is the predominant antibody used to protect the mucosal surface from pathogens invasion and to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Moreover, The binding IgA to the FcαRI (Fc alpha Receptor I) in soluble or aggregated form can mediate anti- or pro- inflammatory responses, respectively. IgA is also known as one of the most heavily glycosylated antibodies among human immunoglobulins. The glycosylation of IgA has been shown to have a significant effect on its immune function. Variation in the glycoform of IgA is often the main characteration of autoimmune diseases such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgA vasculitis (IgAV), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, compared with the confirmed glycosylation function of IgG, the pathogenic mechanism of IgA glycosylation involved in related diseases is still unclear. This paper mainly summarizes the recent reports on IgA’s glycan structure, its function, its relationship with the occurrence and development of diseases, and the potential application of glycoengineered IgA in clinical antibody therapeutics, in order to provide a potential reference for future research in this field.
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12
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Michaud E, Waeckel L, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Chanut B, Jospin F, Bathany K, Monnoye M, Genet C, Prier A, Tokarski C, Gérard P, Roblin X, Rochereau N, Paul S. Alteration of microbiota antibody-mediated immune selection contributes to dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15386. [PMID: 35785473 PMCID: PMC9358401 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human secretory immunoglobulins (SIg) A1 and SIgA2 guide mucosal responses toward tolerance or inflammation, notably through reverse-transcytosis, the apical-to-basal transport of IgA2 immune complexes via M cells of gut Peyer's patches. As such, the maintenance of a diverse gut microbiota requires broad affinity IgA and glycan-glycan interaction. Here, we asked whether IgA1 and IgA2-microbiota interactions might be involved in dysbiosis induction during inflammatory bowel diseases. Using stool HPLC-purified IgA, we show that reverse-transcytosis is abrogated in ulcerative colitis (UC) while it is extended to IgA1 in Crohn's disease (CD). 16S RNA sequencing of IgA-bound microbiota in CD and UC showed distinct IgA1- and IgA2-associated microbiota; the IgA1+ fraction of CD microbiota was notably enriched in beneficial commensals. These features were associated with increased IgA anti-glycan reactivity in CD and an opposite loss of reactivity in UC. Our results highlight previously unknown pathogenic properties of IgA in IBD that could support dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Coraline Genet
- Inserm UMR 1098 Right, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Amelie Prier
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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13
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Ortega MM, da Silva LT, Candido ÉD, Zheng Y, Tiyo BT, Ferreira AEF, Corrêa-Silva S, Scagion GP, Leal FB, Chalup VN, Valério CA, Schmitz GJH, Ceneviva C, Corá AP, de Almeida A, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Palmeira P, da Silva Duarte AJ, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Oshiro TM. Salivary, serological, and cellular immune response to the CoronaVac vaccine in health care workers with or without previous COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10125. [PMID: 35710573 PMCID: PMC9202665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccine response through serum and salivary antibodies, serum antibody neutralizing activity and cellular immune response in samples from health care workers who were immunized with two doses of an inactivated virus-based vaccine (CoronaVac) who had or did not have COVID-19 previously. IgA and IgG antibodies directed at the spike protein were analysed in samples of saliva and/or serum by ELISA and/or chemiluminescence assays; the neutralizing activity of serum antibodies against reference strain B, Gamma and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants were evaluated using a virus neutralization test and SARS-CoV-2 reactive interferon-gamma T-cell were analysed by flow cytometry. CoronaVac was able to induce serum and salivary IgG anti-spike antibodies and IFN-γ producing T cells in most individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and/or were vaccinated. Virus neutralizing activity was observed against the ancestral strain, with a reduced response against the variants. Vaccinated individuals who had previous COVID-19 presented higher responses than vaccinated individuals for all variables analysed. Our study provides evidence that the CoronaVac vaccine was able to induce the production of specific serum and saliva antibodies, serum virus neutralizing activity and cellular immune response, which were increased in previously COVID-19-infected individuals compared to uninfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mazzilli Ortega
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Laís Teodoro da Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Érika Donizetti Candido
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tiaki Tiyo
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eduardo Fernandes Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Pediatria Clinica (LIM 36), Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Corrêa-Silva
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pereira Scagion
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabyano Bruno Leal
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nascimento Chalup
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Araújo Valério
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Justamante Händel Schmitz
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Carina Ceneviva
- Divisao de Laboratorio Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Pivetta Corá
- Divisao de Laboratorio Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Almeida
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Plataforma Científica Paster-USP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Virologia Clinica e Molecular do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Palmeira
- Laboratorio de Pediatria Clinica (LIM 36), Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
- Divisao de Laboratorio Central, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM 56), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, Predio 2, 3º andar, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil.
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14
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de Fays C, Carlier FM, Gohy S, Pilette C. Secretory Immunoglobulin A Immunity in Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:1324. [PMID: 35456002 PMCID: PMC9027823 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF) are distinct respiratory diseases that share features such as the obstruction of small airways and disease flare-ups that are called exacerbations and are often caused by infections. Along the airway epithelium, immunoglobulin (Ig) A contributes to first line mucosal protection against inhaled particles and pathogens. Dimeric IgA produced by mucosal plasma cells is transported towards the apical pole of airway epithelial cells by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), where it is released as secretory IgA. Secretory IgA mediates immune exclusion and promotes the clearance of pathogens from the airway surface by inhibiting their adherence to the epithelium. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding alterations of the IgA/pIgR system observed in those major obstructive airway diseases and discuss their implication for disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (C.d.F.); (F.M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (C.d.F.); (F.M.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, CHU UCL Namur, Site Mont-Godinne, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
- Lung Transplant Centre, CHU UCL Namur, Site Mont-Godinne, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (C.d.F.); (F.M.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (C.d.F.); (F.M.C.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Seikrit C, Pabst O. The immune landscape of IgA induction in the gut. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:627-637. [PMID: 34379174 PMCID: PMC8551147 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are key elements of protective immunity. In the mucosal immune system in particular, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the most abundantly produced antibody isotype, protects against infections, shields the mucosal surface from toxins and environmental factors, and regulates immune homeostasis and a peaceful coexistence with our microbiota. However, the dark side of IgA biology promotes the formation of immune complexes and provokes pathologies, e.g., IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The precise mechanisms of how IgA responses become deregulated and pathogenic in IgAN remain unresolved. Yet, as the field of microbiota research moved into the limelight, our basic understanding of IgA biology has been taking a leap forward. Here, we discuss the structure of IgA, the anatomical and cellular foundation of mucosal antibody responses, and current concepts of how we envision the interaction of SIgA and the microbiota. We center on key concepts in the field while taking account of both historic findings and exciting new observations to provide a comprehensive groundwork for the understanding of IgA biology from the perspective of a mucosal immunologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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de Paiva CS, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Schaefer L, Yu Z, Britton RA, Pflugfelder SC. Differentially Expressed Gene Pathways in the Conjunctiva of Sjögren Syndrome Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702755. [PMID: 34349764 PMCID: PMC8326832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune condition that targets the salivary and lacrimal glands, with cardinal clinical signs of dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, KCS) and dry mouth. The conjunctiva of SS patients is often infiltrated by immune cells that participate in the induction and maintenance of local inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate immune-related molecular pathways activated in the conjunctiva of SS patients. Female SS patients (n=7) and controls (n=19) completed a series of oral, ocular surface exams. Symptom severity scores were evaluated using validated questionnaires (OSDI and SANDE). All patients fulfilled the ACR/EULAR criteria for SS and the criteria for KCS. Fluorescein and lissamine green dye staining evaluated tear-break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival disease, respectively. Impression cytology of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was performed to collect cells lysed and subjected to gene expression analysis using the NanoString Immunology Panel. 53/594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between SS and healthy controls; 49 DEGs were upregulated, and 4 were downregulated (TRAF5, TGFBI, KLRAP1, and CMKLRI). The top 10 DEGs in descending order were BST2, IFITM1, LAMP3, CXCL1, IL19, CFB, LY96, MX1, IL4R, CDKN1A. Twenty pathways had a global significance score greater or equal to 2. Spearman correlations showed that 29/49 upregulated DEGs correlated with either TBUT (inverse) or OSDI or conjunctival staining score (positive correlations). Venn diagrams identified that 26/29 DEGs correlated with TBUT, 5/26 DEGs correlated with OSDI, and 16/26 correlated with conjunctival staining scores. Five upregulated DEGs (CFB, CFI, IL1R1, IL2RG, IL4R) were uniquely negatively correlated with TBUT. These data indicate that the conjunctiva of SS patients exhibits a phenotype of immune activation, although some genes could be inhibitory. Some of the DEGs and pathways overlap with previous DEGs in salivary gland biopsies, but new DEGs were identified, and some of these correlated with symptoms and signs of dry eye. Our results indicate that gene analysis of conjunctiva imprints is a powerful tool to understand the pathogenesis of SS and develop new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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Bhaskara V, Leal MT, Seigner J, Friedrich T, Kreidl E, Gadermaier E, Tesarz M, Rogalli A, Stangl L, Wallwitz J, Hammel K, Rothbauer M, Moll H, Ertl P, Hahn R, Himmler G, Bauer A, Casanova E. Efficient production of recombinant secretory IgA against Clostridium difficile toxins in CHO-K1 cells. J Biotechnol 2021; 331:1-13. [PMID: 33689865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the essential role secretory IgAs play in the defense against pathogenic invasion and the proposed value of recombinant secretory IgAs as novel therapeutics, currently there are no IgA-based therapies in clinics. Secretory IgAs are complex molecules and the major bottleneck limiting their therapeutic potential is a reliable recombinant production system. In this report, we addressed this issue and established a fast and robust production method for secretory IgAs in CHO-K1 cells using BAC-based expression vectors. As a proof of principle, we produced IgAs against Clostridium difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB. Recombinant secretory IgAs produced using our expression system showed comparable titers to IgGs, widely used as therapeutic biologicals. Importantly, secretory IgAs produced using our method were functional and could efficiently neutralize Clostridium difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB. These results show that recombinant secretory IgAs can be efficiently produced, thus opening the possibility to use them as therapeutic agents in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Bhaskara
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Trinidad Leal
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Seigner
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Friedrich
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Stangl
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Hammel
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anton Bauer
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; The Antibody Lab GmbH, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Boudry G, Charton E, Le Huerou-Luron I, Ferret-Bernard S, Le Gall S, Even S, Blat S. The Relationship Between Breast Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:629740. [PMID: 33829032 PMCID: PMC8019723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.629740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the newborn's gut microbiota during the first months of life is an orchestrated process resulting in specialized microbial ecosystems in the different gut compartments. This process is highly dependent upon environmental factors, and many evidences suggest that early bacterial gut colonization has long-term consequences on host digestive and immune homeostasis but also metabolism and behavior. The early life period is therefore a "window of opportunity" to program health through microbiota modulation. However, the implementation of this promising strategy requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms governing gut microbiota assembly. Breastfeeding has been associated with a healthy microbiota in infants. Human milk is a complex food matrix, with numerous components that potentially influence the infant microbiota composition, either by enhancing specific bacteria growth or by limiting the growth of others. The objective of this review is to describe human milk composition and to discuss the established or purported roles of human milk components upon gut microbiota establishment. Finally, the impact of maternal diet on human milk composition is reviewed to assess how maternal diet could be a simple and efficient approach to shape the infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Elise Charton
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
- UMR STLO INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Le Gall
- INRAE, UR BIA, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS facility, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sophie Blat
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France
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19
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Atyeo C, Alter G. The multifaceted roles of breast milk antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:1486-1499. [PMID: 33740451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonates are born with an immature immune system and rely on the transfer of immunity from their mothers. Maternal antibodies are transferred via the placenta and breast milk. Although the role of placentally transferred immunoglobulin G (IgG) is established, less is known about the selection of antibodies transferred via breast milk and the mechanisms by which they provide protection against neonatal disease. Evidence suggests that breast milk antibodies play multifaceted roles, preventing infection and supporting the selection of commensals and tolerizing immunity during infancy. Here, we discuss emerging data related to the importance of breast milk antibodies in neonatal immunity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Demers-Mathieu V, Mathijssen G, Dapra C, Do DM, Medo E. Active free secretory component and secretory IgA in human milk: do maternal vaccination, allergy, infection, mode of delivery, nutrition and active lifestyle change their concentrations? Pediatr Res 2021; 89:795-802. [PMID: 32434213 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free secretory component (free SC) in human milk is a critical constituent of secretory IgA (SIgA) for immune exclusion, but its concentration in human milk is unknown. To evaluate the relationship between free SC and SIgA, the influence of maternal factors (vaccination during pregnancy, allergy, previous infections, nutrition, mode of delivery and active lifestyle) on the concentrations of those secretory immune components in human milk was investigated. METHODS Concentration of active free SC and SIgA in 124 milk samples from 91 mothers were measured via ELISA. RESULTS Free SC in milk from Tdap-vaccinated mothers was lower than the Tdap-flu-vaccinated, flu-vaccinated or Rhogam-vaccinated mothers. Free SC in mothers who had a cesarean delivery was higher than mothers who had a vaginal delivery. Free SC in the nonallergic group was higher than the allergic group. Free SC was higher in mothers who rarely/never eat junk food, than in mothers who always/frequently eat junk food. Free SC also was higher in the moderate exercise group (active lifestyle) compared with the group who rarely/never exercise (sedentary lifestyle). Free SC in human milk was not affected by previous maternal infection or probiotic supplementation whereas SIgA was not changed by all investigated maternal factors. CONCLUSION This study suggests that active free SC is more impacted by maternal factors than active SIgA in human milk. IMPACT Active free secretory component (free SC) is more impacted by maternal factors than active secretory IgA (SIgA) in human milk. Vaccination during pregnancy, allergy, nutrition, type of delivery and active lifestyle affect the secretion of free SC in human milk, but not SIgA secretion. Free SC in human milk is a critical constituent of secretory IgA (SIgA) for immune exclusion against pathogens and its active concentration in milk strongly varies between mothers, partially due to their specific maternal background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories (A Public Benefit Corporation), Boulder City, NV, USA.
| | - Gabrielle Mathijssen
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories (A Public Benefit Corporation), Boulder City, NV, USA
| | - Ciera Dapra
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories (A Public Benefit Corporation), Boulder City, NV, USA
| | - Dung M Do
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories (A Public Benefit Corporation), Boulder City, NV, USA
| | - Elena Medo
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories (A Public Benefit Corporation), Boulder City, NV, USA
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21
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Raskova Kafkova L, Brokesova D, Krupka M, Stehlikova Z, Dvorak J, Coufal S, Fajstova A, Srutkova D, Stepanova K, Hermanova P, Stepankova R, Uberall I, Skarda J, Novak Z, Vannucci L, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z, Sinkora M, Mestecky J, Raska M. Secretory IgA N-glycans contribute to the protection against E. coli O55 infection of germ-free piglets. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:511-522. [PMID: 32973324 PMCID: PMC7946640 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are colonized by highly diverse commensal microbiota. Coating with secretory IgA (SIgA) promotes the survival of commensal bacteria while it inhibits the invasion by pathogens. Bacterial coating could be mediated by antigen-specific SIgA recognition, polyreactivity, and/or by the SIgA-associated glycans. In contrast to many in vitro studies, only a few reported the effect of SIgA glycans in vivo. Here, we used a germ-free antibody-free newborn piglets model to compare the protective effect of SIgA, SIgA with enzymatically removed N-glycans, Fab, and Fc containing the secretory component (Fc-SC) during oral necrotoxigenic E. coli O55 challenge. SIgA, Fab, and Fc-SC were protective, whereas removal of N-glycans from SIgA reduced SIgA-mediated protection as demonstrated by piglets' intestinal histology, clinical status, and survival. In vitro analyses indicated that deglycosylation of SIgA did not reduce agglutination of E. coli O55. These findings highlight the role of SIgA-associated N-glycans in protection. Further structural studies of SIgA-associated glycans would lead to the identification of those involved in the species-specific inhibition of attachment to corresponding epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Raskova Kafkova
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Brokesova
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Krupka
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Coufal
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Fajstova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Stepanova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hermanova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Stepankova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Uberall
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Novak
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Luca Vannucci
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sinkora
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Milan Raska
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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22
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Pietrzak B, Tomela K, Olejnik-Schmidt A, Mackiewicz A, Schmidt M. Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239254. [PMID: 33291586 PMCID: PMC7731431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the dominant antibody class in mucosal secretions. The majority of plasma cells producing IgA are located within mucosal membranes lining the intestines. SIgA protects against the adhesion of pathogens and their penetration into the intestinal barrier. Moreover, SIgA regulates gut microbiota composition and provides intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we present mechanisms of SIgA generation: T cell-dependent and -independent; in different non-organized and organized lymphoid structures in intestinal lamina propria (i.e., Peyer’s patches and isolated lymphoid follicles). We also summarize recent advances in understanding of SIgA functions in intestinal mucosal secretions with focus on its role in regulating gut microbiota composition and generation of tolerogenic responses toward its members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Pietrzak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Tomela
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (K.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland; (K.T.); (A.M.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.S.)
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23
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Lung immunoglobulin A immunity dysregulation in cystic fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102974. [PMID: 32927272 PMCID: PMC7495088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cystic fibrosis (CF), recurrent infections suggest impaired mucosal immunity but whether production of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) is impaired remains elusive. S-IgA is generated following polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-mediated transepithelial transport of dimeric (d-)IgA and represents a major defence through neutralisation of inhaled pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). METHODS Human lung tissue (n = 74), human sputum (n = 118), primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) (cultured in air-liquid interface) (n = 19) and mouse lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage were studied for pIgR expression, IgA secretion and regulation. FINDINGS Increased epithelial pIgR immunostaining was observed in CF lung explants, associated with more IgA-producing plasma cells, sputum and serum IgA, especially Pa-specific IgA. In contrast, pIgR and IgA transport were downregulated in F508del mice, CFTR-inhibited HBEC, and CF HBEC. Moreover, the unfolded protein response (UPR) due to F508del mutation, inhibited IgA transport in Calu-3 cells. Conversely, pIgR expression and IgA secretion were strongly upregulated following Pa lung infection in control and F508del mice, through an inflammatory host response involving interleukin-17. INTERPRETATION A complex regulation of IgA secretion occurs in the CF lung, UPR induced by CFTR mutation/dysfunction inhibiting d-IgA transcytosis, and Pa infection unexpectedly unleashing this secretory defence mechanism. FUNDING This work was supported by the Forton's grant of the King Baudouin's Foundation, Belgium, the Fondazione Ricerca Fibrosi Cistica, Italy, and the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium.
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24
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The Effects of Secretory IgA in the Mucosal Immune System. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2032057. [PMID: 31998782 PMCID: PMC6970489 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2032057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype in the mucosal immune system. Structurally, IgA in the mucosal surface is a polymeric structure, while serum IgA is monomeric. Secretory IgA (sIgA) is one of the polymeric IgAs composed of dimeric IgA, J chain, and secretory component (SC). Most of sIgAs were generated by gut and have effects in situ. Besides the function of “immune exclusion,” a nonspecific immune role, recent studies found it also played an important role in the specific immunity and immunoregulation. Thanks to the critical role of sIgA during the mucosal immune system homeostasis between commensal microorganisms and pathogens; it has been an important field exploring the relationship between sIgA and commensal microorganisms.
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25
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Suzuki K. Diversified IgA-Bacteria Interaction in Gut Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:105-116. [PMID: 32323273 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major immunoglobulin isotype produced by the gut immune system, and many studies revealed key roles of IgA in establishing host-bacteria mutualism. This chapter will review current understandings for the function of gut IgA in regulating commensal microbiota. IgA specifically recognizes bacterial species that strongly stimulate host's immune responses, and suppresses their overgrowth or reduces the expressions of bacterial pro-inflammatory genes. On the other hand, IgA coatings on symbiotic bacteria enhance bacteria-mucus and bacteria-bacteria interactions, which induce production of metabolites enforcing mucosal barrier functions. Such diversified effects suggest that multiple factors may be involved in the mechanisms of IgA-bacteria interactions, including IgA specificity to microbial epitopes, mode of cellular responses of IgA synthesis (T-dependent and T-independent) and post-translational modifications of IgA proteins, such as glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Suzuki
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku Yokohama, 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan.
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26
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Goonatilleke E, Smilowitz JT, Mariño KV, German BJ, Lebrilla CB, Barboza M. Immunoglobulin A N-glycosylation Presents Important Body Fluid-specific Variations in Lactating Mothers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2165-2177. [PMID: 31409668 PMCID: PMC6823845 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is central to mucosal immunity: represents one of the main immunological mechanisms of defense against the potential attack of pathogens. During lactation SIgA is produced by plasmablasts in the mammary gland and is present in breast milk, playing a vital role in the passive immunity of the newborn. Interestingly, the different components of SIgA are highly N-glycosylated, and these N-Glycans have an essential role in health maintenance. In this work, we performed a glycomic study to compare N-glycosylation of SIgA purified from mature breast milk and saliva, and plasma IgA from the same lactating participants. Our results revealed a greater diversity than previously reported, with 89 glycan compositions that may correspond to over 250 structures. Among these glycans, 54 glycan compositions were characterized as body-fluid specific. Most of these unique N-Glycan compositions identified in SIgA from mature milk and IgA from plasma were fucosylated and both fucosylated and sialylated species, whereas in salivary SIgA the unique structures were mainly undecorated complex N-Glycans. In addition, we evaluated the effect of delivery mode on (S)IgA glycosylation. Lactating participants who had given birth by vaginal delivery presented an increased proportion of high mannose and fucosylated glycans in salivary SIgA, and selected high mannose, fucosylated, sialylated, and both fucosylated and sialylated glycans in plasma IgA, indicating that the hormonal changes during vaginal delivery could affect plasma and saliva IgA. These results reveal the structural details that provide a new dimension to the roles of (S)IgA N-Glycans in different tissues, and especially in maternal and new-born protection and infant development. The design of optimal recombinant IgA molecules specifically targeted to protect mucosal surfaces will need to include this dimension of structural detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruce J German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616.
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27
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Bacterial sialoglycosidases in Virulence and Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010039. [PMID: 30909660 PMCID: PMC6471121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral microbiome and dysbiotic infections have been recently evidently identified. One of the major reasons for such dysbiosis is impairment of the immune system. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. In the United States., approximately 65 million people are affected by this condition. Its occurrence is also associated with many important systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Among the most important etiologies of periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone bacterial pathogen. Keystone pathogens can orchestrate inflammatory disease by remodeling a normally benign microbiota causing imbalance between normal and pathogenic microbiota (dysbiosis). The important characteristics of P. gingivalis causing dysbiosis are its virulence factors which cause effective subversion of host defenses to its advantage allowing other pathogens to grow. Some of the mechanisms involved in these processes are still not well-understood. However, various microbial strategies target host sialoglycoproteins for immune dysregulation. In addition, the enzymes that break down sialoglycoproteins and sialoglycans are the “sialoglycoproteases”, resulting in exposed terminal sialic acid. This process could lead to pathogen-toll like receptor (TLR) interactions mediated through sialic acid receptor ligand mechanisms. Assessing the function of P. gingivalis sialoglycoproteases, could pave the way to designing carbohydrate analogues and sialic acid mimetics to serve as drug targets.
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28
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Plomp R, de Haan N, Bondt A, Murli J, Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Comparative Glycomics of Immunoglobulin A and G From Saliva and Plasma Reveals Biomarker Potential. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2436. [PMID: 30405629 PMCID: PMC6206042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, the major antibody in the circulation of human adults, is well known for its influence on antibody effector functions and its alterations with various diseases. In contrast, knowledge on the role of glycans attached to IgA, which is a key immune defense agent in secretions, is very scarce. In this study we aimed to characterize the glycosylation of salivary (secretory) IgA, including the IgA joining chain (JC), and secretory component (SC) and to compare IgA and IgG glycosylation between human plasma and saliva samples to gain a first insight into oral cavity-specific antibody glycosylation. Plasma and whole saliva were collected from 19 healthy volunteers within a 2-h time window. IgG and IgA were affinity-purified from the two biofluids, followed by tryptic digestion and nanoLC-ESI-QTOF-MS(/MS) analysis. Saliva-derived IgG exhibited a slightly lower galactosylation and sialylation as compared to plasma-derived IgG. Glycosylation of IgA1, IgA2, and the JC showed substantial differences between the biofluids, with salivary proteins exhibiting a higher bisection, and lower galactosylation and sialylation as compared to plasma-derived IgA and JC. Additionally, all seven N-glycosylation sites, characterized on the SC of secretory IgA in saliva, carried highly fucosylated and fully galactosylated diantennary N-glycans. This study lays the basis for future research into the functional role of salivary Ig glycosylation as well as its biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jayshri Murli
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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29
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Turula H, Wobus CE. The Role of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor and Secretory Immunoglobulins during Mucosal Infection and Immunity. Viruses 2018; 10:E237. [PMID: 29751532 PMCID: PMC5977230 DOI: 10.3390/v10050237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes, and thus has evolved several host defense mechanisms to keep them at bay, and prevent their entry into the host. One such mucosal surface defense is the secretion of secretory immunoglobulins (SIg). Secretion of SIg depends on the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which transports polymeric Ig (IgA or IgM) from the basolateral surface of the epithelium to the apical side. Upon reaching the luminal side, a portion of pIgR, called secretory component (SC) is cleaved off to release Ig, forming SIg. Through antigen-specific and non-specific binding, SIg can modulate microbial communities and pathogenic microbes via several mechanisms: agglutination and exclusion from the epithelial surface, neutralization, or via host immunity and complement activation. Given the crucial role of SIg as a microbial scavenger, some pathogens also evolved ways to modulate and utilize pIgR and SIg to facilitate infection. This review will cover the regulation of the pIgR/SIg cycle, mechanisms of SIg-mediated mucosal protection as well as pathogen utilization of SIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Turula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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30
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Abstract
We describe the domestication of the species, explore its value to agriculture and bioscience, and compare its immunoglobulin (Ig) genes to those of other vertebrates. For encyclopedic information, we cite earlier reviews and chapters. We provide current gene maps for the heavy and light chain loci and describe their polygeny and polymorphy. B-cell and antibody repertoire development is a major focus, and we present findings that challenge several mouse-centric paradigms. We focus special attention on the role of ileal Peyer's patches, the largest secondary lymphoid tissues in newborn piglets and a feature of all artiodactyls. We believe swine fetal development and early class switch evolved to provide natural secretory IgA antibodies able to prevent translocation of bacteria from the gut while the bacterial PAMPs drive development of adaptive immunity. We discuss the value of using the isolator piglet model to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242;
| | - Nancy Wertz
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242;
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
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31
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Zhao M, Tang S, Xin J, Liu D. Influence of reactive oxygen species on secretory component in the intestinal epithelium during hyperoxia. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4033-4040. [PMID: 29075338 PMCID: PMC5648505 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance is established in various human diseases. Treatment of intestinal epithelial cells with hyperoxia for a prolonged period of time may cause serious effects on redox balance. Secretory component (SC) protein is secreted by intestinal epithelial cells, and has a vital role in mucosal immune systems and intestinal defense. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal epithelial SC protein under hyperoxic conditions. Caco-2 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 85% O2 (hyperoxia) for 24 h. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry staining, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the expression levels of SC protein. Significantly increased apoptosis and mortality rates were observed in hyperoxia- and H2O2-treated Caco-2 cells, as compared with the untreated control cells (P<0.05). Protein and mRNA expression levels of SC were significantly increased in hyperoxia- and H2O2-treated groups, as compared with the control group (P<0.05). During hyperoxia, intestinal epithelial cells were destroyed and ROS levels increased. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that ROS might have an important role in intestinal injury in hyperoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Shimiao Tang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Junchi Xin
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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SIgA–Shigella Immune Complexes Interact with Dectin-1 and SIGNR3 to Differentially Regulate Mouse Peyer's Patch and Mesenteric Lymph Node Dendritic Cell's Responsiveness. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2387-2400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cakebread JA, Callaghan M, Broadhurst M, Harris P, Wheeler TT. Free secretory component from bovine milk aggregates enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and inhibits binding to intestinal cells. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Matlschweiger A, Himmler G, Linhart C, Harasek M, Hahn R. A nonchromatographic process for purification of secretory immunoglobulins from caprine whey. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:642-653. [PMID: 28380693 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulins are an important antibody class being primarily responsible for immunoprotection of mucosal surfaces. A simple, non-chromatographic purification process for secretory immunoglobulins from caprine whey was developed. In the first process step whey was concentrated 30-40-fold on a 500 kDa membrane, thereby increasing the purity from 3% to 15%. The second step consisted of a fractionated PEG precipitation, in which high molecular weight impurities were removed first and in the second stage the secretory immunoglobulins were precipitated, leaving a majority of the low molecular weight proteins in solution. The re-dissolved secretory immunoglobulin fraction had a purity of 43% which could then be increased to 72% by diafiltration at a volume exchange factor of 10. Further increase of purity was only possible at the expense of very high buffer consumption. If diafiltration was performed directly after ultrafiltration, followed by precipitation, the yield was higher but purity was only 54%. Overall, filtration performance was characterized by high concentration polarization, therefore process conditions were set to low trans-membrane pressure and moderate protein concentration. As such purity and to a lesser extent throughput were the major objectives rather than yield, since whey, as a by-product of the dairy industry, is a cheap raw material of almost unlimited supply. Ultra-/diafiltration performance was described well by correlations using dimensionless numbers. Compared with a theoretical model (Graetz/Leveque solution) the flux was slightly overestimated. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:642-653, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Matlschweiger
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Gottfried Himmler
- Angothera GmbH, Donau-Oder Kanal IV SW 80, Gross-Enzersdorf, 2301, Austria
| | - Clemens Linhart
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Michael Harasek
- Inst. of Chemical Engineering, Research Div.: Thermal Process Engineering and Simulation, Technical University of Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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Hodgkinson AJ, Cakebread J, Callaghan M, Harris P, Brunt R, Anderson RC, Armstrong KM, Haigh B. Comparative innate immune interactions of human and bovine secretory IgA with pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:21-25. [PMID: 27845173 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) from milk contributes to early colonization and maintenance of commensal/symbiotic bacteria in the gut, as well as providing defence against pathogens. SIgA binds bacteria using specific antigenic sites or non-specifically via its glycans attached to α-heavy-chain and secretory component. In our study, we tested the hypothesis that human and bovine SIgA have similar innate-binding activity for bacteria. SIgAs, isolated from human and bovine milk, were incubated with a selection of commensal, pathogenic and probiotic bacteria. Using flow cytometry, we measured numbers of bacteria binding SIgA and their level of SIgA binding. The percentage of bacteria bound by human and bovine SIgA varied from 30 to 90% depending on bacterial species and strains, but was remarkably consistent between human and bovine SIgA. The level of SIgA binding per bacterial cell was lower for those bacteria that had a higher percentage of SIgA-bound bacteria, and higher for those bacteria that had lower percentage of SIgA-bound bacteria. Overall, human and bovine SIgA interacted with bacteria in a comparable way. This contributes to longer term research about the potential benefits of bovine SIgA for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Hodgkinson
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Julie Cakebread
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Megan Callaghan
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Paul Harris
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Brunt
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C Anderson
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kelly M Armstrong
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Haigh
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Wells JM, Brummer RJ, Derrien M, MacDonald TT, Troost F, Cani PD, Theodorou V, Dekker J, Méheust A, de Vos WM, Mercenier A, Nauta A, Garcia-Rodenas CL. Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G171-G193. [PMID: 27908847 PMCID: PMC5440615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M. Wells
- 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert J. Brummer
- 2Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden;
| | - Muriel Derrien
- 3Centre Daniel Carasso, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France;
| | - Thomas T. MacDonald
- 4Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Freddy Troost
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- 6Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- 7Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France;
| | - Jan Dekker
- 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Willem M. de Vos
- 9Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Annick Mercenier
- 10Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Arjen Nauta
- 11FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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Kelly C, Takizawa F, Sunyer JO, Salinas I. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) secretory component binds to commensal bacteria and pathogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41753. [PMID: 28150752 PMCID: PMC5288726 DOI: 10.1038/srep41753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria co-exist on the mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates. The host’s mucosal immune system must tolerate commensals while fighting pathogens. One of the mechanisms used by the mucosal immune system to maintain homeostasis is the secretion of immunoglobulins (Igs) across epithelial barriers, which is achieved via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Rainbow trout pIgR is known to transport IgT and IgM across epithelia. However, other biological functions for trout pIgR or trout secretory component (tSC) remain unknown. This study investigates the interaction of tSC with commensal bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and a fungal pathogen. Our results show that the majority of trout skin and gut bacteria are coated in vivo by tSC. In vitro, tSC present in mucus coats trout commensal isolates such as Microbacterium sp., Staphylococcus warneri, Flectobacillus major, Arthrobacter stackebrantii, and Flavobacterium sp. and the pathogens Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella ictaluri with coating levels ranging from 8% to 70%. Moreover, we found that the majority of tSC is in free form in trout mucus and free tSC is able to directly bind bacteria. We propose that binding of free SC to commensal bacteria is a key and conserved mechanism for maintenance of microbial communities in vertebrate mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia Kelly
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Butler JE, Santiago-Mateo K, Wertz N, Sun X, Sinkora M, Francis DL. Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. XXIV. Hypothesis: The ileal Peyer patches (IPP) are the major source of primary, undiversified IgA antibodies in newborn piglets. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:340-351. [PMID: 27497872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ileal Peyers patches (IPP) of newborn germfree (GF) piglets were isolated into blind loops and the piglets colonized with a defined probiotic microflora. After 5 weeks, IgA levels in the intestinal lavage (IL) of loop piglets remained at GF levels and IgM comprised ∼70% while in controls, IgA levels were elevated 5-fold and comprised ∼70% of total Igs. Loop piglets also had reduced serum IgA levels suggesting the source of serum IgA had been interrupted. The isotype profile for loop contents was intermediate between that in the IL of GF and probiotic controls. Surprisingly, colonization alone did not result in repertoire diversification in the IPP. Rather, colonization promoted pronounced proliferation of fully switched IgA(+)IgM(-) B cells in the IPP that supply early, non-diversified "natural" SIgA antibodies to the gut lumen and a primary IgA response in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | | | - Nancy Wertz
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
| | - David L Francis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brooking, SD, USA
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Goldsmith F, O'Sullivan A, Smilowitz JT, Freeman SL. Lactation and Intestinal Microbiota: How Early Diet Shapes the Infant Gut. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:149-58. [PMID: 26227402 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is a multifunctional biofluid that provides nutrients along with highly diverse non-nutritive bioactive components such as antibodies, glycans, bacteria, and immunomodulatory proteins. Research over the past decade has confirmed the essential role of breast milk bioactives in the establishment a healthy intestinal microbiota within the infant. The intestinal microbiota of an exclusively breastfed baby is dominated by several species of Bifidobacteria - the most influential member of which is Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) - and is referred to as the milk-oriented microbiome (MOM). MOM is associated with reduced risk of infection in infancy as well as a reduced risk of certain chronic illnesses in adulthood. Establishment and persistence of MOM is dependent on the selective digestion of complex sugar structures in breast milk that are otherwise indigestible to the infant by B. infantis and its relatives. This review focuses primarily on the influence of breast milk glycans and glycosylated proteins on the development of the intestinal microbiome, and how maternal phenotype may influence the development of MOM providing a framework to understand how variation in diet shapes a protective intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goldsmith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, 2.05 Science Centre, South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samara L Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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40
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Pierre JF, Busch RA, Kudsk KA. The gastrointestinal immune system: Implications for the surgical patient. Curr Probl Surg 2015; 53:11-47. [PMID: 26699624 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rebecca A Busch
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kenneth A Kudsk
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Veterans Administration Surgical Services, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI.
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Lis-Kuberka J, Kątnik-Prastowska I, Berghausen-Mazur M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Lectin-based analysis of fucosylated glycoproteins of human skim milk during 47 days of lactation. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:665-74. [PMID: 26318738 PMCID: PMC4651984 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins of human milk are multifunctional molecules, and their fucosylated variants are potentially active molecules in immunological events ensuring breastfed infants optimal development and protection against infection diseases. The expression of fucosylated glycotopes may correspond to milk maturation stages. The relative amounts of fucosylated glycotopes of human skim milk glycoproteins over the course of lactation from the 2nd day to the 47th day were analyzed in colostrums, transitional and mature milk samples of 43 healthy mothers by lectin-blotting using α1-2-, α1-6-, and α1-3-fucose specific biotinylated Ulex europaeus (UEA), Lens culinaris (LCA), and Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA) lectins, respectively. The reactivities of UEA and LCA with the milk glycoproteins showed the highest expression of α1-2- and α1-6-fucosylated glycotopes on colostrum glycoproteins. The level of UEA-reactive glycoproteins from the beginning of lactation to the 14th day was high and relatively stable in contrast to LCA-reactive glycoproteins, the level of which significantly decreased from 2–3 to 7–8 days then remained almost unchanged until the 12th–14th days. Next, during the progression of lactation the reactivities with both lectins declined significantly. Eighty percent of α1-2- and/or α1-6-fucosylated glycoproteins showed a high negative correlation with milk maturation. In contrast, most of the analyzed milk glycoproteins were not recognized or weakly recognized by LTA and remained at a low unchanged level over lactation. Only a 30-kDa milk glycoprotein was evidently LTA-reactive, showing a negative correlation with milk maturation. The gradual decline of high expression of α1-2- and α1-6-, but not α1-3-, fucoses on human milk glycoproteins of healthy mothers over lactation was associated with milk maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Berghausen-Mazur
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
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Cakebread JA, Humphrey R, Hodgkinson AJ. Immunoglobulin A in Bovine Milk: A Potential Functional Food? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7311-7316. [PMID: 26165692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an anti-inflammatory antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity. It is found in large quantities in human milk, but there are lower amounts in bovine milk. In humans, IgA plays a significant role in providing protection from environmental pathogens at mucosal surfaces and is a key component for the establishment and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. To date, many of the dairy-based functional foods are derived from bovine colostrum, targeting the benefits of IgG. IgA has a higher pathogenic binding capacity and greater stability against proteolytic degradation when ingested compared with IgG. This provides IgA-based products greater potential in the functional food market that has yet to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rex Humphrey
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
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44
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Chorny A, Cerutti A. Regulation and Function of Mucosal IgA and IgD. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Polyclonal Antibody Therapies for Clostridium difficile Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/antib3040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Longet S, Vonarburg C, Lötscher M, Miescher S, Zuercher A, Corthésy B. Reconstituted human polyclonal plasma-derived secretory-like IgM and IgA maintain the barrier function of epithelial cells infected with an enteropathogen. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21617-26. [PMID: 24951593 PMCID: PMC4118121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies has proven to be a clinically valid approach in the treatment, or at least relief, of many acute and chronic pathologies, such as infection, immunodeficiency, and a broad range of autoimmune conditions. Plasma-derived IgG or recombinant IgG are most frequently used for intravenous or subcutaneous administration, whereas a few IgM-based products are available as well. We have established recently that secretory-like IgA and IgM can be produced upon association of plasma-derived polymeric IgA and IgM with a recombinant secretory component. As a next step toward potential future mucosal administration, we sought to unravel the mechanisms by which these secretory Igs protect epithelial cells located at the interface between the environment and the inside of the body. By using polarized epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers and Shigella flexneri as a model enteropathogen, we found that polyspecific plasma-derived SIgA and SIgM fulfill many protective functions, including dose-dependent recognition of the antigen via formation of aggregated immune complexes, reduction of bacterial infectivity, maintenance of epithelial cell integrity, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production by epithelial cells. In this in vitro model devoid of other cellular or molecular interfering partners, IgM and secretory IgM showed stronger bacterial neutralization than secretory IgA. Together, these data suggest that mucosally delivered antibody preparations may be most effective when combining both secretory-like IgA and IgM, which, together, play a crucial role in preserving several levels of epithelial cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Longet
- From the R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland and
| | | | - Marius Lötscher
- CSL Behring AG, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3000 Bern 22, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Miescher
- CSL Behring AG, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3000 Bern 22, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Zuercher
- CSL Behring AG, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3000 Bern 22, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- From the R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland and CSL Behring AG, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3000 Bern 22, Switzerland
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47
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Diebel LN, Liberati DM. Reinforcement of the intestinal mucus layer protects against Clostridium difficile intestinal injury in vitro. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:460-8. [PMID: 25067805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection is increasing in incidence and severity. Attributable factors include virulence factors, including C difficile toxins A and B, as well as host immunologic status. The mucus component of the intestinal barrier is impaired by malnutrition, shock insults, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Exogenous phosphatidylcholine (PC) administration results in reinforcement of the mucus layer and is of therapeutic benefit in chronic ulcerative colitis. We therefore studied the role of exogenous PC combined with secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in intestinal barrier function against C difficile infection in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Dimeric IgA was placed in the basal chambers of mucus-producing (HT29-methotrexate) and non-mucus-producing (HT29) strains of intestinal epithelial monolayers and allowed to undergo transcytosis and, in additional experiments, exogenous colostral IgA (30 ng/mL) was added to the apical media. After subsequent coculture with PC and C difficile toxin A in the apical chamber, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, toxin A uptake, intestinal epithelial cell monolayer permeability, and necrosis were determined. RESULTS A significant decrease of 4- to 5-fold in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels and equally significant decreases in toxin A uptake and permeability changes in the intestinal cell monolayers with mucus or PC and transcytosed or colostral IgA vs control are shown. All groups analyzed also displayed a 2- to 3-fold reduction in necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Mucus or "exogenous" mucus in the form of PC has a synergistic role with secretory IgA in barrier defense against C difficile toxin A. Exogenous PC administration can be a therapeutic adjunct in patients with severe or recalcitrant C difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Diebel
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University Medical Center, Detroit, MI.
| | - David M Liberati
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University Medical Center, Detroit, MI
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48
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Rochereau N, Drocourt D, Perouzel E, Pavot V, Redelinghuys P, Brown GD, Tiraby G, Roblin X, Verrier B, Genin C, Corthésy B, Paul S. Dectin-1 is essential for reverse transcytosis of glycosylated SIgA-antigen complexes by intestinal M cells. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001658. [PMID: 24068891 PMCID: PMC3775721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the long-awaited identification of Dectin-1 and Siglec-5 as the M cell co-receptors that mediate the reverse transcytosis of secretory IgA molecules to mount a gut immune response. Intestinal microfold (M) cells possess a high transcytosis capacity and are able to transport a broad range of materials including particulate antigens, soluble macromolecules, and pathogens from the intestinal lumen to inductive sites of the mucosal immune system. M cells are also the primary pathway for delivery of secretory IgA (SIgA) to the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. However, although the consequences of SIgA uptake by M cells are now well known and described, the mechanisms whereby SIgA is selectively bound and taken up remain poorly understood. Here we first demonstrate that both the Cα1 region and glycosylation, more particularly sialic acid residues, are involved in M cell–mediated reverse transcytosis. Second, we found that SIgA is taken up by M cells via the Dectin-1 receptor, with the possible involvement of Siglec-5 acting as a co-receptor. Third, we establish that transcytosed SIgA is taken up by mucosal CX3CR1+ dendritic cells (DCs) via the DC-SIGN receptor. Fourth, we show that mucosal and systemic antibody responses against the HIV p24-SIgA complexes administered orally is strictly dependent on the expression of Dectin-1. Having deciphered the mechanisms leading to specific targeting of SIgA-based Ag complexes paves the way to the use of such a vehicle for mucosal vaccination against various infectious diseases. Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies are secreted into the gut lumen and are considered to be a first line of defense in protecting the intestinal epithelium from gut pathogens. SIgA patrol the mucus and are usually known to help immune tolerance via entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms and other mechanisms. SIgA, in complex with its antigens, can also be taken back up by the intestinal epithelium in a process known as reverse transcytosis. SIgA can thereby promote the uptake and delivery of antigens from the intestinal lumen to the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues (GALT), influencing inflammatory responses. This reverse transcytosis of SIgA is mediated by specialized epithelial M cells. Because M cells possess the ability to take up antigens and are therefore important to the local immune system, they are a key target for the specific delivery of novel mucosal vaccines against various diseases. M cell receptors that take up the SIgA-antigen complexes, which serve as mucosal vaccine vehicles, represent an important aspect of this vaccine strategy. The identification of SIgA receptor(s) on the surface of M cells has, however, remained elusive for more than a decade. In this study, we now identify Dectin-1 and Siglec-5 as the key receptors for M cell–mediated reverse transcytosis of SIgA complexes. We further find that the glycosylation modification, and particularly sialylation, of SIgA is required for its uptake by M cells. We show that, when administered orally in complex with SIgA, the HIV p24 antigen is taken up in a strictly Dectin-1-dependent manner to stimulate a mucosal and systemic antibody response. These findings are considered important for understanding gut immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cricetulus
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- HIV Core Protein p24/immunology
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/cytology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Transcytosis/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, INSERM CIE3 Vaccinology, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Pavot
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, FRE3310/CNRS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Redelinghuys
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xavier Roblin
- GIMAP/EA3064, INSERM CIE3 Vaccinology, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, FRE3310/CNRS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Christian Genin
- GIMAP/EA3064, INSERM CIE3 Vaccinology, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, INSERM CIE3 Vaccinology, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- * E-mail:
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49
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De Smet R, Demoor T, Verschuere S, Dullaers M, Ostroff GR, Leclercq G, Allais L, Pilette C, Dierendonck M, De Geest BG, Cuvelier CA. β-Glucan microparticles are good candidates for mucosal antigen delivery in oral vaccination. J Control Release 2013; 172:671-8. [PMID: 24041710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuously improving the developmental process and the efficacy of oral vaccines is essential in the fight against intestinal pathogens. A promising strategy for vaccination applying safe, biodegradable and non-replicating antigen delivery systems has gained increased interest for eliciting cellular and humoral immune responses. The current study evaluates the potential of β-glucan particles (GP) as an oral antigen delivery system and their adjuvant characteristics. GP are efficiently internalized by human intestinal epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29 cells), without exerting negative effects on cell viability. GP triggered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-23p19, IL-8 and the β-glucan receptors dectin-1 and TLR2 by activated Caco-2 cells, and CCL20 in HT-29 cells. In contrast, the expression level of TGF-β, an important mediator of oral tolerance, was significantly downregulated in HT-29 cells. Additionally, adoptive transfer experiments showed proliferating ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4(+) T cells mainly in the spleens of GP-OVA-fed mice. Furthermore, we detected a significantly increased IL-17 and a trend towards increased IFN-γ production in the spleen of GP-OVA-fed mice upon antigen restimulation. Oral administration of GP-OVA induced increased OVA-specific IgA, secretory-IgA (S-IgA) and secretory component (SC) production in intestinal fluids. Our data show that GP vehicles are able to deliver OVA via an oral route allowing efficient antigen presentation alongside adaptive immune activation, resulting in a Th17-biased response and the production of OVA-specific IgA, secretory-IgA and secretory component antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca De Smet
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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50
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Corthésy B. Multi-faceted functions of secretory IgA at mucosal surfaces. Front Immunol 2013; 4:185. [PMID: 23874333 PMCID: PMC3709412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) plays an important role in the protection and homeostatic regulation of intestinal, respiratory, and urogenital mucosal epithelia separating the outside environment from the inside of the body. This primary function of SIgA is referred to as immune exclusion, a process that limits the access of numerous microorganisms and mucosal antigens to these thin and vulnerable mucosal barriers. SIgA has been shown to be involved in avoiding opportunistic pathogens to enter and disseminate in the systemic compartment, as well as tightly controlling the necessary symbiotic relationship existing between commensals and the host. Clearance by peristalsis appears thus as one of the numerous mechanisms whereby SIgA fulfills its function at mucosal surfaces. Sampling of antigen-SIgA complexes by microfold (M) cells, intimate contact occurring with Peyer’s patch dendritic cells (DC), down-regulation of inflammatory processes, modulation of epithelial, and DC responsiveness are some of the recently identified processes to which the contribution of SIgA has been underscored. This review aims at presenting, with emphasis at the biochemical level, how the molecular complexity of SIgA can serve these multiple and non-redundant modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Allergy, University State Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland
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