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Navratil J, Kratochvilova M, Raudenska M, Balvan J, Vicar T, Petrlakova K, Suzuki K, Jadrna L, Bursa J, Kräter M, Kim K, Masarik M, Gumulec J. Long-term zinc treatment alters the mechanical properties and metabolism of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:313. [PMID: 39261823 PMCID: PMC11389562 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The failure of intracellular zinc accumulation is a key process in prostate carcinogenesis. Although prostate cancer cells can accumulate zinc after long-term exposure, chronic zinc oversupply may accelerate prostate carcinogenesis or chemoresistance. Because cancer progression is associated with energetically demanding cytoskeletal rearrangements, we investigated the effect of long-term zinc presence on biophysical parameters, ATP production, and EMT characteristics of two prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, 22Rv1). Prolonged exposure to zinc increased ATP production, spare respiratory capacity, and induced a response in PC-3 cells, characterized by remodeling of vimentin and a shift of cell dry mass density and caveolin-1 to the perinuclear region. This zinc-induced remodeling correlated with a greater tendency to maintain actin architecture despite inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin. Zinc partially restored epithelial characteristics in PC-3 cells by decreasing vimentin expression and increasing E-cadherin. Nevertheless, the expression of E-cadherin remained lower than that observed in predominantly oxidative, low-invasive 22Rv1 cells. Following long-term zinc exposure, we observed an increase in cell stiffness associated with an increased refractive index in the perinuclear region and an increased mitochondrial content. The findings of the computational simulations indicate that the mechanical response cannot be attributed exclusively to alterations in cytoskeletal composition. This observation suggests the potential involvement of an additional, as yet unidentified, mechanical contributor. These findings indicate that long-term zinc exposure alters a group of cellular parameters towards an invasive phenotype, including an increase in mitochondrial number, ATP production, and cytochalasin resistance. Ultimately, these alterations are manifested in the biomechanical properties of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vicar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Petrlakova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kanako Suzuki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jadrna
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 61669, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bursa
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 61669, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Rivercyte GmbH, Henkestraße 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Künzel SH, Pohlmann D, Bonsen LZ, Krappitz M, Zeitz O, Joussen AM, Dubrac A, Künzel SE. Transcriptome Analysis of Choroidal Endothelium Links Androgen Receptor Role to Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:1532-1540. [PMID: 38263930 PMCID: PMC11408951 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241226735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) manifests as fluid accumulation between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Elevated levels of steroid hormones have been implicated in CSCR pathogenesis. This investigation aims to delineate the gene expression patterns of CSCR-associated risk and steroid receptors across human choroidal cell types and RPE cells to discern potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS This study utilized a comprehensive query of transcriptomic data derived from non-pathological human choroid and RPE cells. FINDINGS CSCR-associated genes such as PTPRB, CFH, and others are predominantly expressed in the choroidal endothelium as opposed to the RPE. The androgen receptor, encoded by the AR gene, demonstrates heightened expression in the macular endothelium compared to peripheral regions, unlike other steroid receptor genes. AR-expressing endothelial cells display an augmented responsiveness to Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), indicating a propensity towards endothelial to mesenchymal transition (endMT) transcriptional profiling. INTERPRETATION These results highlight the proclivity of CSCR to manifest primarily within the choroidal vasculature rather than the RPE, suggesting its categorization as a vascular eye disorder. This study accentuates the pivotal role of androgenic steroids, in addition to glucocorticoids. The observed linkage to TGF-β-mediated endMT provides a potential mechanistic insight into the disease's etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Pohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lynn Zur Bonsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matteus Krappitz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Zeitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steffen E Künzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Godina C, Belting M, Vallon-Christersson J, Isaksson K, Bosch A, Jernström H. Caveolin-1 gene expression provides additional prognostic information combined with PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR) score in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6675. [PMID: 38509243 PMCID: PMC10954762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining information from the tumor microenvironment (TME) with PAM50 Risk of Recurrence (ROR) score could improve breast cancer prognostication. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a marker of an active TME. CAV1 is a membrane protein involved in cell signaling, extracellular matrix organization, and tumor-stroma interactions. We sought to investigate CAV1 gene expression in relation to PAM50 subtypes, ROR score, and their joint prognostic impact. CAV1 expression was compared between PAM50 subtypes and ROR categories in two cohorts (SCAN-B, n = 5326 and METABRIC, n = 1980). CAV1 expression was assessed in relation to clinical outcomes using Cox regression and adjusted for clinicopathological predictors. Effect modifications between CAV1 expression and ROR categories on clinical outcome were investigated using multiplicative and additive two-way interaction analyses. Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses were applied to compare high and low expressing CAV1 tumors. All samples expressed CAV1 with the highest expression in the Normal-like subtype. Gene modules consistent with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia, and stromal activation were associated with high CAV1 expression. CAV1 expression was inversely associated with ROR category. Interactions between CAV1 expression and ROR categories were observed in both cohorts. High expressing CAV1 tumors conferred worse prognosis only within the group classified as ROR high. ROR gave markedly different prognostic information depending on the underlying CAV1 expression. CAV1, a potential mediator between the malignant cells and TME, could be a useful biomarker that enhances and further refines PAM50 ROR risk stratification in patients with ROR high tumors and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Godina
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Vallon-Christersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolin Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University and Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Ana Bosch
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 4, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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He C, Ding Y, Yang Y, Che G, Teng F, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhou D, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Wang H, Teng L. Stem cell landscape aids in tumor microenvironment identification and selection of therapeutic agents in gastric cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110965. [PMID: 37935339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are strongly associated with the refractory characteristics of gastric cancer, including drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The prognosis for advanced gastric cancer patients treated with multimodal therapy after surgery remains discouraging. GCSCs hold promise as therapeutic targets for GC patients. We obtained 26 sets of stem cell-related genes from the StemChecker database. The Consensus clustering algorithm was employed to discern three distinct stemness subtypes. Prognostic outcomes, components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and responses to therapies were compared among these subtypes. Following this, a stemness-risk model was formulated using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), alongside Cox regression and random survival forest analyses. The C2 subtype predominantly showed enrichment in negative prognostic CSC gene sets and demonstrated an immunosuppressive TME. This specific subtype exhibited minimal responsiveness to immunotherapies and demonstrated reduced sensitivity to drugs. Four pivotal genes were integrated into the construction of the stemness model. Gastric cancer patients with higher stemness-risk scores demonstrated poorer prognoses, a greater presence of immunosuppressive components in TME, and lower rates of treatment response. Subset analysis indicated that only the low-stemness risk subtype derives benefit from 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The model's effectiveness in immunotherapeutic prediction was further validated in the PRJEB25780 cohort. Our study categorized gastric cancer patients into three stemness subtypes, each demonstrating distinct prognoses, components of TME infiltration, and varying sensitivity or resistance to standard chemotherapy or targeted therapy. We propose that the stemness risk model may help the development of well-grounded treatment recommendations and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Che
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Nascimento RB, Machado IAR, Silva JC, Faria LAS, Borba FC, Porto LPA, Santos JN, Ramalho LMP, Rodini CO, Rodrigues MFSD, Paiva KBS, Xavier FCA. Differential expression of Cadherins switch and Caveolin-2 during stages of oral carcinogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:507-514. [PMID: 38033949 PMCID: PMC10683880 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_28_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of oral malignancies, which may be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Cancer progression involves the downregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) and the upregulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin), which together characterise the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, caveolin can act on cell adhesion and migration events that regulate the expression of the E-cadherin/α-β-catenin complex, thus favouring aggressive biological behaviour. This study aimed to analyse the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and caveolin-2 at different stages of oral carcinogenesis to identify reliable biomarkers to predict malignant potential. Methods Expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in 14 normal oral mucosae (NOM), 14 OPMD and 33 OSCC specimens were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological parameters were also assessed. Results E-cadherin immunoexpression was significantly reduced during the progression of oral carcinogenesis (P = 0.0018). N-cadherin immunoexpression did not show any statistical differences between these groups. However, a representative number of N-cadherin-positive OSCC cases did not express E-cadherin. The expression of caveolin-2 increased significantly with the progression of the disease, from NOM to OSCC (P value: 0.0028). Conclusion These findings indicate that cadherin switch and caveolin-2 immunoexpression may be regulatory events in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca B. Nascimento
- PhD in Dentistry and Health, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isadora A. R. Machado
- PhD in Dentistry and Health, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jamerson C. Silva
- PhD Student in Dentistry and Health Postgraduated Program, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lorena A. S. Faria
- DDS, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Borba
- DDS, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lia P. A. Porto
- PhD in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jean N. Santos
- PhD Professor, Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. P. Ramalho
- PhD Professor, Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Camila O. Rodini
- PhD Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda S. D. Rodrigues
- PhD Professor, Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduated Program, University of the Ninth of July, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katiúcia B. S. Paiva
- PhD Professor, Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia C. A. Xavier
- PhD Professor, Surgical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Propaedeutics and Integrated Clinical, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Sadeghi M, Karimi MR, Karimi AH, Ghorbanpour Farshbaf N, Barzegar A, Schmitz U. Network-Based and Machine-Learning Approaches Identify Diagnostic and Prognostic Models for EMT-Type Gastric Tumors. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030750. [PMID: 36981021 PMCID: PMC10048224 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The microsatellite stable/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (MSS/EMT) subtype of gastric cancer represents a highly aggressive class of tumors associated with low rates of survival and considerably high probabilities of recurrence. In the era of precision medicine, the accurate and prompt diagnosis of tumors of this subtype is of vital importance. In this study, we used Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify a differentially expressed co-expression module of mRNAs in EMT-type gastric tumors. Using network analysis and linear discriminant analysis, we identified mRNA motifs and microRNA-based models with strong prognostic and diagnostic relevance: three models comprised of (i) the microRNAs miR-199a-5p and miR-141-3p, (ii) EVC/EVC2/GLI3, and (iii) PDE2A/GUCY1A1/GUCY1B1 gene expression profiles distinguish EMT-type tumors from other gastric tumors with high accuracy (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) = 0.995, AUC = 0.9742, and AUC = 0.9717; respectively). Additionally, the DMD/ITGA1/CAV1 motif was identified as the top motif with consistent relevance to prognosis (hazard ratio > 3). Molecular functions of the members of the identified models highlight the central roles of MAPK, Hh, and cGMP/cAMP signaling in the pathology of the EMT subtype of gastric cancer and underscore their potential utility in precision therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Semnan University, Semnan 3513119111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Semnan University, Semnan 3513119111, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Karimi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Semnan University, Semnan 3513119111, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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Xiong A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yang F. Integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal that GPNMB-high macrophages promote PN-MES transition and impede T cell activation in GBM. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104239. [PMID: 36054938 PMCID: PMC9437813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Pathania S, Khan MI, Bandyopadhyay S, Singh SS, Rani K, Parashar TR, Jayaram J, Mishra PR, Srivastava A, Mathur S, Hari S, Vanamail P, Hariprasad G. iTRAQ proteomics of sentinel lymph nodes for identification of extracellular matrix proteins to flag metastasis in early breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8625. [PMID: 35599267 PMCID: PMC9124668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with early breast cancer are affected by metastasis to axillary lymph nodes. Metastasis to these nodes is crucial for staging and quality of surgery. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy that is currently used to assess lymph node metastasis is not effective. This necessitates identification of biomarkers that can flag metastasis. Early stage breast cancer patients were recruited. Surgical resection of breast was followed by identification of sentinel lymph nodes. Fresh frozen section biopsy was used to assign metastatic and non-metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. Discovery phase included iTRAQ proteomics coupled with mass spectrometric analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins. Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027668. Validation was done by bioinformatic analysis and ELISA. There were 2398 unique protein groups and 109 differentially expressed proteins comparing metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. Forty nine proteins were up-regulated, and sixty proteins that were down regulated in metastatic group. Bioinformatic analysis showed ECM-receptor interaction pathways to be implicated in lymph node metastasis. ELISA confirmed up-regulation of ECM proteins in metastatic lymph nodes. ECM proteins have requisite parameters to be developed as a diagnostic tool to assess status of sentinel lymph nodes to guide surgical intervention in early breast cancer.
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Senna MM, Peterson E, Jozic I, Chéret J, Paus R. Frontiers in Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Research: Pathobiology Progress and Translational Horizons. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100113. [PMID: 35521043 PMCID: PMC9062486 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary, lymphocytic cicatricial hair loss disorders. These model epithelial stem cell (SC) diseases are thought to result from a CD8+ T-cell‒dominated immune attack on the hair follicle (HF) SC niche (bulge) after the latter has lost its immune privilege (IP) for as yet unknown reasons. This induces both apoptosis and pathological epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in epithelial SCs, thus depletes the bulge, causes fibrosis, and ultimately abrogates the HFs' capacity to regenerate. In this paper, we synthesize recent progress in LPP and FFA pathobiology research, integrate our limited current understanding of the roles that genetic, hormonal, environmental, and other factors may play, and define major open questions. We propose that LPP and FFA share a common initial pathobiology, which then bifurcates into two distinct clinical phenotypes, with macrophages possibly playing a key role in phenotype determination. As particularly promising translational research avenues toward direly needed progress in the management of these disfiguring, deeply distressful cicatricial alopecia variants, we advocate to focus on the development of bulge IP and epithelial SC protectants such as, for example, topically effective, HF‒penetrating and immunoinhibitory preparations that contain tacrolimus, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and/or CB1 agonists.
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Key Words
- 5ARI, 5α-reductase inhibitor
- AA, alopecia areata
- AGA, androgenetic alopecia
- CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone
- EMT, epithelial‒mesenchymal transition
- FFA, frontal fibrosing alopecia
- HF, hair follicle
- IP, immune privilege
- K, keratin
- KC, keratinocyte
- LPP, lichen planopilaris
- MAC, macrophage
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- PCA, primary cicatricial alopecia
- PCP, personal care product
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ
- SC, stem cell
- SP, substance P
- eHFSC, epithelial hair follicle stem cell
- α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Makredes Senna
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik Peterson
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,CUTANEON, Hamburg, Germany
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Rana N, Privitera G, Kondolf HC, Bulek K, Lechuga S, De Salvo C, Corridoni D, Antanaviciute A, Maywald RL, Hurtado AM, Zhao J, Huang EH, Li X, Chan ER, Simmons A, Bamias G, Abbott DW, Heaney JD, Ivanov AI, Pizarro TT. GSDMB is increased in IBD and regulates epithelial restitution/repair independent of pyroptosis. Cell 2022; 185:283-298.e17. [PMID: 35021065 PMCID: PMC8879997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermins are a family of structurally related proteins originally described for their role in pyroptosis. Gasdermin B (GSDMB) is currently the least studied, and while its association with genetic susceptibility to chronic mucosal inflammatory disorders is well established, little is known about its functional relevance during active disease states. Herein, we report increased GSDMB in inflammatory bowel disease, with single-cell analysis identifying epithelial specificity to inflamed colonocytes/crypt top colonocytes. Surprisingly, mechanistic experiments and transcriptome profiling reveal lack of inherent GSDMB-dependent pyroptosis in activated epithelial cells and organoids but instead point to increased proliferation and migration during in vitro wound closure, which arrests in GSDMB-deficient cells that display hyper-adhesiveness and enhanced formation of vinculin-based focal adhesions dependent on PDGF-A-mediated FAK phosphorylation. Importantly, carriage of disease-associated GSDMB SNPs confers functional defects, disrupting epithelial restitution/repair, which, altogether, establishes GSDMB as a critical factor for restoration of epithelial barrier function and the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Giuseppe Privitera
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hannah C Kondolf
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Maywald
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander M Hurtado
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Colon & Rectal Surgery, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - E Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon & Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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11
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Moriconi C, Civita P, Neto C, Pilkington GJ, Gumbleton M. Caveolin-1, a Key Mediator Across Multiple Pathways in Glioblastoma and an Independent Negative Biomarker of Patient Survival. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701933. [PMID: 34490102 PMCID: PMC8417742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains an aggressive malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. Discovering new candidate drug targets for GB remains an unmet medical need. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has been shown to act variously as both a tumour suppressor and tumour promoter in many cancers. The implications of Cav-1 expression in GB remains poorly understood. Using clinical and genomic databases we examined the relationship between tumour Cav-1 gene expression (including its spatial distribution) and clinical pathological parameters of the GB tumour and survival probability in a TCGA cohort (n=155) and CGGA cohort (n=220) of GB patients. High expression of Cav-1 represented a significant independent predictor of shortened survival (HR = 2.985, 5.1 vs 14.9 months) with a greater statistically significant impact in female patients and in the Proneural and Mesenchymal GB subtypes. High Cav-1 expression correlated with other factors associated with poor prognosis: IDH w/t status, high histological tumour grade and low KPS score. A total of 4879 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GB tumour were found to correlate with Cav-1 expression (either positively or negatively). Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted an over-representation of these DEGs to certain biological pathways. Focusing on those that lie within a framework of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumour cell migration and invasion we identified 27 of these DEGs. We then examined the prognostic value of Cav-1 when used in combination with any of these 27 genes and identified a subset of combinations (with Cav-1) indicative of co-operative synergistic mechanisms of action. Overall, the work has confirmed Cav-1 can serve as an independent prognostic marker in GB, but also augment prognosis when used in combination with a panel of biomarkers or clinicopathologic parameters. Moreover, Cav-1 appears to be linked to many signalling entities within the GB tumour and as such this work begins to substantiate Cav-1 or its associated signalling partners as candidate target for GB new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moriconi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prospero Civita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Neto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey J. Pilkington
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry & Neurology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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A Cell Membrane-Level Approach to Cicatricial Alopecia Management: Is Caveolin-1 a Viable Therapeutic Target in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050572. [PMID: 34069454 PMCID: PMC8159142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible destruction of the hair follicle (HF) in primary cicatricial alopecia and its most common variant, frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), results from apoptosis and pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epithelial HF stem cells (eHFSCs), in conjunction with the collapse of bulge immune privilege (IP) and interferon-gamma-mediated chronic inflammation. The scaffolding protein caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a key component of specialized cell membrane microdomains (caveolae) that regulates multiple signaling events, and even though Cav1 is most prominently expressed in the bulge area of human scalp HFs, it has not been investigated in any cicatricial alopecia context. Interestingly, in mice, Cav1 is involved in the regulation of (1) key HF IP guardians (TGF-β and α-MSH signaling), (2) IP collapse inducers/markers (IFNγ, substance P and MICA), and (3) EMT. Therefore, we hypothesize that Cav1 may be an unrecognized, important player in the pathobiology of cicatricial alopecias, and particularly, in FFA, which is currently considered as the most common type of primary lymphocytic scarring alopecia in the world. We envision that localized therapeutic inhibition of Cav1 in management of FFA (by cholesterol depleting agents, i.e., cyclodextrins/statins), could inhibit and potentially reverse bulge IP collapse and pathological EMT. Moreover, manipulation of HF Cav1 expression/localization would not only be relevant for management of cicatricial alopecia, but FFA could also serve as a model disease for elucidating the role of Cav1 in other stem cell- and/or IP collapse-related pathologies.
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13
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Sharma V, Fernando V, Letson J, Walia Y, Zheng X, Fackelman D, Furuta S. S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094600. [PMID: 33925645 PMCID: PMC8124305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
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14
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Shimizu H, Yamada K, Suzumura A, Kataoka K, Takayama K, Sugimoto M, Terasaki H, Kaneko H. Caveolin-1 Promotes Cellular Senescence in Exchange for Blocking Subretinal Fibrosis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:21. [PMID: 32926104 PMCID: PMC7490224 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether caveolin-1 (i) prevents epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the RPE and laser-induced subretinal fibrosis and (ii) promotes or inhibits cellular senescence in the RPE. Methods We examined laser-induced subretinal fibrosis and RPE cell contraction in wild-type and Caveolin-1 knockout (Cav-1−/−) mice treated with or without cavtratin, a cell-permeable peptide of caveolin-1. The senescence marker p16INK4a was measured in RPE tissues from patients with geographic atrophy and aged mice, laser-induced subretinal fibrosis, and primary human RPE cells. Human RPE was examined by TUNEL staining, reactive oxygen species generation, cell viability, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Results The volume of subretinal fibrosis was significantly smaller in cavtratin-injected eyes from wild-type mice than in control eyes from wild-type, P = 0.0062, and Cav-1−/− mice, P = 0.0095. Cavtratin treatment produced significant improvements in primary RPE cell contraction in wild-type, P = 0.04, and Cav-1−/− mice, P = 0.01. p16INK4a expression in the RPE was higher in patients with than without geographic atrophy. p16INK4a was expressed in 18-month-old but not 2-month-old wild-type mouse eyes. p16INK4a and collagen type I antibodies showed co-localization in subretinal fibrosis. Cavtratin did not affect RPE cell apoptosis or reactive oxygen species generation, but decreased cell viability and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase–positive cells. Conclusions Enhanced expression of caveolin-1 successfully blocked epithelial–mesenchymal transition of RPE and the reduction of subretinal fibrosis in mice. Nevertheless, in exchange for blocking subretinal fibrosis, caveolin-1 promotes RPE cellular senescence and might affect the progression of geographic atrophy in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kataoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Japan
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives. Biochem J 2021; 477:3649-3672. [PMID: 33017470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.
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16
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Caveolin-1 Knockdown Decreases SMMC7721 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Invasiveness by Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:8880888. [PMID: 32676485 PMCID: PMC7336196 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8880888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, several studies have demonstrated that caveolin-1 overexpression is involved in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, and invasiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying caveolin-1-mediated tumor progression remain unclear. Methodogy. Lentiviral vectors were used to construct caveolin-1 small interfering RNA- (siRNA-) expressing cells. Secreted VEGF levels in SMMC7721 cells were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SMMC7721 cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, and invasiveness were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and invasion assay, respectively. Phospho-eNOS levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cocultured with SMMC7721 cell supernatants were analyzed by Western blot. Capillary-like tubule formation assay was performed to analyze endothelial tubular structure formation in HUVECs treated with supernatants from caveolin-1 siRNA-expressing SMMC7721 cells. SMMC7721 implantation and growth in nude mice were observed. Angiogenesis in vivo was analyzed by immunohistochemical angiogenesis assay. RESULTS Caveolin-1 siRNA-expressing SMMC7721 cells secreted reduced levels of VEGF. Caveolin-1 RNAi also caused an inhibition of SMMC7721 cell proliferation and cell cycle progression that was accompanied by increased apoptosis. Supernatants from caveolin-1 siRNA-expressing SMMC7721 cells inhibited cell cycle progression and decreased phospho-eNOS levels in HUVECs. Endothelial tubular structure formation in HUVECs treated with supernatants from caveolin-1 siRNA-expressing SMMC7721 cells was considerably reduced. Caveolin-1 siRNA-expressing SMMC7721 cells also showed reduced tumorigenicity and angiogenesis induction in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a novel mechanism, whereby caveolin-1 positively regulates human HCC cell invasiveness by coordinating VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
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17
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Sun J, Lu Y, Yu C, Xu T, Nie G, Miao B, Zhang X. Involvement of the TGF-β1 pathway in caveolin-1-associated regulation of head and neck tumor cell metastasis. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1298-1304. [PMID: 31966060 PMCID: PMC6956420 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 54%. Therefore, disease management improvement is required. The present study aimed to assess the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the metastasis of head and neck tumor cells. Short hairpin RNA was used to silence Cav-1 expression in Tu686 cells. Proliferation, migration, invasion, morphology and the levels of effector proteins were assessed in cells. Upon Cav-1 silencing, E-cadherin levels were decreased, while vimentin levels were significantly increased. Cell migration, quantified by wound healing and Transwell assays, was significantly increased. Meanwhile, Cav-1 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) receptor were identified to be co-localized. In addition, Cav-1-knockdown resulted in increased phosphorylation of SMAD family member 2 (P<0.05), a downstream effector of TGF-β signaling. In addition, there was a mutual regulation, with increasing TGF-β1 levels leading to a dose-dependent decrease of Cav-1 expression levels (P<0.05). These findings indicate that Cav-1 inhibits cell metastasis in HNSCC, suggesting the involvement of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yongtian Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Changyun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Beiping Miao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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18
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Cell Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Caveolin-1-Enhanced Metastasis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080314. [PMID: 31362353 PMCID: PMC6723107 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein with a controversial role in cancer. This review will initially discuss earlier studies focused on the role as a tumor suppressor before elaborating subsequently on those relating to function of the protein as a promoter of metastasis. Different mechanisms are summarized illustrating how CAV1 promotes such traits upon expression in cancer cells (intrinsic mechanisms). More recently, it has become apparent that CAV1 is also a secreted protein that can be included into exosomes where it plays a significant role in determining cargo composition. Thus, we will also discuss how CAV1 containing exosomes from metastatic cells promote malignant traits in more benign recipient cells (extrinsic mechanisms). This ability appears, at least in part, attributable to the transfer of specific cargos present due to CAV1 rather than the transfer of CAV1 itself. The evolution of how our perception of CAV1 function has changed since its discovery is summarized graphically in a time line figure.
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19
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Ecoy GAU, Chamni S, Suwanborirux K, Chanvorachote P, Chaotham C. Jorunnamycin A from Xestospongia sp. Suppresses Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Sensitizes Anoikis in Human Lung Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1861-1873. [PMID: 31260310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a key driving force behind the high mortality rate associated with lung cancer. Herein, we report the first study revealing the antimetastasis activity of jorunnamycin A, a bistetrahydroisoquinolinequinone isolated from a Thai blue sponge Xestospongia sp. evidenced by its inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), sensitization of anoikis, and suppression of anchorage-independent survival in human lung cancer cells. Treatment with jorunnamycin A (0.05-0.5 μM) altered the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 family proteins, particularly causing the down-regulation of antiapoptosis Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins. Under detachment conditions for 12 h, jorunnamycin A-treated cells exhibited diminution of pro-survival proteins p-Akt and p-Erk as well as the survival-promoting factor caveolin-1. Corresponding with the inhibition on the Akt and Erk pathway as well as activation of p53, there was an increase in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and a remarkable decrease of EMT markers and associated proteins including vimentin, snail, and claudin-1. As the loss of anchorage dependence is an important barrier to metastasis, the observed inhibitory effects of jorunnamycin A on the coordinating networks of EMT and anchorage-independent growth emphasize the potential development of jorunnamycin A as an effective agent against lung cancer metastasis.
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20
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Caveolin-1 enhances brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer, potentially in association with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker SNAIL. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:171. [PMID: 31297035 PMCID: PMC6599320 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays an important role in the development of various human cancers. We investigated the relationship between Cav-1 expression and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression in the context of brain metastasis (BM). Methods Cav-1 expression was investigated in a series of 102 BM samples and 49 paired primary NSCLC samples, as well as 162 unpaired primary NSCLC samples with (63 cases) or without (99 cases) metastasis to distant organs. Human lung cancer cell lines were used for in vitro functional analysis. Results High Cav-1 expression in tumor cells was observed in 52% (38/73) of squamous cell carcinomas (SQCs) and 33% (45/138) of non-SQCs. In SQC, high Cav-1 expression was increased after BM in both paired and unpaired samples of lung primary tumors and BM (53% vs. 84% in paired samples, P = 0.034; 52% vs. 78% in unpaired samples, P = 0.020). Although the difference in median overall survival in patients NSCLC was not statistically significant, high Cav-1 expression in tumor cells (P = 0.005, hazard ratio 1.715, 95% confidence index 1.175–2.502) was independent prognostic factors of overall survival on multivariate Cox regression analyses, in addition to the presence of BM and non-SQC type. In vitro assays revealed that Cav-1 knockdown inhibited the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. Genetic modulation of Cav-1 was consistently associated with SNAIL up- and down-regulation. These findings were supported by increased SNAIL and Cav-1 expression in BM samples of SQC. Conclusions Cav-1 plays an important role in the BM of NSCLC, especially in SQC. The mechanism may be linked to SNAIL regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0892-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Wang H, Pilch PF, Liu L. Cavin-1/PTRF mediates insulin-dependent focal adhesion remodeling and ameliorates high-fat diet-induced inflammatory responses in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10544-10552. [PMID: 31126986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavin-1/polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) is a requisite component of caveolae, small plasma membrane invaginations that are highly abundant in adipocytes. Cavin-1 is a dynamic molecule whose dissociation from caveolae plays an important role in mechanoprotection and rRNA synthesis. In the former situation, the acute dissociation of cavin-1 from caveolae allows cell membrane expansion that occurs upon insulin-aided lipid uptake into the fat cells. Cavin-1 dissociation from caveolae and membrane flattening alters the cytoskeleton and the interaction of plasma membrane proteins with the extracellular matrix through interactions with focal adhesion structures. Here, using cavin-1 knockout mice, subcellular fractionation, and immunoblotting methods, we addressed the relationship of cavin-1 with focal adhesion complexes following nutritional stimulation. We found that cavin-1 is acutely translocated to focal complex compartments upon insulin stimulation, where it regulates focal complex formation through an interaction with paxillin. We found that loss of cavin-1 impairs focal complex remodeling and focal adhesion formation and causes a mechanical stress response, concomitant with activation of proinflammatory and senescence/apoptosis pathways. We conclude that cavin-1 plays key roles in dynamic remodeling of focal complexes upon metabolic stimulation. This mechanism also underlies the crucial role of caveolae in the long-term healthy expansion of the adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry
| | - Paul F Pilch
- From the Departments of Biochemistry.,Medicine, and
| | - Libin Liu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, .,Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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22
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Takagaki Y, Shi S, Katoh M, Kitada M, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 plays a pathogenic role in BSA-induced kidney injury in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7519. [PMID: 31101909 PMCID: PMC6525172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is appeared to be higher risk of declining kidney function compared to non-diabetic kidney disease with same magnitude of albuminuria. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) could be important for the production of the extracellular matrix in the kidney. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and integrin β1 have shown to be involved in EMT program. Here, we found diabetic kidney is prone for albuminuria-induced TECs damage and DPP-4 plays a vital role in such parenchymal damages in diabetic mice. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) injection induced severe TECs damage and altered expression levels of DPP-4, integrin β1, CAV1, and EMT programs including relevant microRNAs in type 1 diabetic CD-1 mice when compared to non-diabetic mice; teneligliptin (TENE) ameliorated these alterations. TENE suppressed the close proximity among DPP-4, integrin β1 and CAV1 in a culture of HK-2 cells. These findings suggest that DPP-4 inhibition can be relevant for combating proteinuric DKD by targeting the EMT program induced by the crosstalk among DPP-4, integrin β1 and CAV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takagaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Sen Shi
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Makoto Katoh
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation Ikuyaku, Integrated Value Development Division, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. .,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. .,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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23
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Wang J, Wen T, Li Z, Che X, Gong L, Yang X, Zhang J, Tang H, He L, Qu X, Liu Y. MicroRNA-1224 Inhibits Tumor Metastasis in Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer by Directly Targeting FAK. Front Oncol 2019; 9:222. [PMID: 31019895 PMCID: PMC6458237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC) of the Lauren classification system has specific epidemiological characteristics and carcinogenesis patterns. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have prognostic significance, and some can be used as prognostic biomarkers in GC. In this study, we identified miR-1224 as a potential survival-related miRNA in intestinal-type GC patients by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we showed that the relative expression of miR-1224 was significantly decreased in intestinal-type GC tissues compared to matched adjacent normal mucosa tissues (p < 0.01). We found that high miR-1224 expression was associated with no lymph-node metastasis (p < 0.05) and good prognosis (p = 0.028) in 90 intestinal-type GC tissues. Transfection of intestinal-type GC cells with miR-1224 mimics showed that miR-1224 suppressed cell migration in vitro (wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay), whereas the transfection of cells with miR-1224 inhibitor promoted cell migration in vitro. miR-1224 also suppressed intestinal-type GC cell metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, bioinformatics, luciferase reporter, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies demonstrated that miR-1224 directly bound to the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene, and downregulated its expression, which decreased STAT3 and NF-κB signaling and subsequent the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Repression of FAK is required for the miR-1224-mediated inhibition of cell migration in intestinal-type GC. The present study demonstrated that miR-1224 is downregulated in intestinal-type GC. miR-1224 inhibits the metastasis of intestinal-type GC by suppressing FAK-mediated activation of the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways, and subsequent EMT. miR-1224 could represent an important prognostic factor in intestinal-type GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Libao Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Huali Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Central Hospital of Zhuanghe, Zhuanghe, China
| | - Lingzi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Qian XL, Pan YH, Huang QY, Shi YB, Huang QY, Hu ZZ, Xiong LX. Caveolin-1: a multifaceted driver of breast cancer progression and its application in clinical treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1539-1552. [PMID: 30881011 PMCID: PMC6398418 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s191317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer diseases and causes of death among female population worldwide. It appears at a high incidence and has a high malignancy, mortality, recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is the main component of caveolae and participates in various biological events. More and more experimental studies have shown that Cav1 plays a critical role in the progression of breast cancer including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, migration and breast cancer metastasis. Besides, Cav1 has been found to be involved in chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy resistance, which are still the principal problems encountered in clinical breast cancer treatment. In addition, stromal Cav1 may be a potential indicator for breast cancer patients' prognosis. In the current review, we cover the state-of-the-art study, development and progress on Cav1 and breast cancer, altogether describing the role of Cav1 in breast cancer progression and application in clinical treatment, in the hope of providing a basis for further research and promoting CAV1 gene as a potential target to diagnose and treat aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ling Qian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi-Hang Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu-Bo Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
| | - Qing-Yun Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
| | - Zhen-Zhen Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China, ;
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25
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Signaling pathway of globo-series glycosphingolipids and β1,3-galactosyltransferase V (β3GalT5) in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3518-3523. [PMID: 30808745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816946116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The globo-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs) SSEA3, SSEA4, and Globo-H specifically expressed on cancer cells are found to correlate with tumor progression and metastasis, but the functional roles of these GSLs and the key enzyme β1,3-galactosyltransferase V (β3GalT5) that converts Gb4 to SSEA3 remain largely unclear. Here we show that the expression of β3GalT5 significantly correlates with tumor progression and poor survival in patients, and the globo-series GSLs in breast cancer cells form a complex in membrane lipid raft with caveolin-1 (CAV1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) which then interact with AKT and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP), respectively. Knockdown of β3GalT5 disrupts the complex and induces apoptosis through dissociation of RIP from the complex to interact with the Fas death domain (FADD) and trigger the Fas-dependent pathway. This finding provides a link between SSEA3/SSEA4/Globo-H and the FAK/CAV1/AKT/RIP complex in tumor progression and apoptosis and suggests a direction for the treatment of breast cancer, as demonstrated by the combined use of antibodies against Globo-H and SSEA4.
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26
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Oh SC, Sohn BH, Cheong JH, Kim SB, Lee JE, Park KC, Lee SH, Park JL, Park YY, Lee HS, Jang HJ, Park ES, Kim SC, Heo J, Chu IS, Jang YJ, Mok YJ, Jung W, Kim BH, Kim A, Cho JY, Lim JY, Hayashi Y, Song S, Elimova E, Estralla JS, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Lu Y, Liu W, Lee J, Kang WK, Kim S, Noh SH, Mills GB, Kim SY, Ajani JA, Lee JS. Clinical and genomic landscape of gastric cancer with a mesenchymal phenotype. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1777. [PMID: 29725014 PMCID: PMC5934392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous cancer, making treatment responses difficult to predict. Here we show that we identify two distinct molecular subtypes, mesenchymal phenotype (MP) and epithelial phenotype (EP), by analyzing genomic and proteomic data. Molecularly, MP subtype tumors show high genomic integrity characterized by low mutation rates and microsatellite stability, whereas EP subtype tumors show low genomic integrity. Clinically, the MP subtype is associated with markedly poor survival and resistance to standard chemotherapy, whereas the EP subtype is associated with better survival rates and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Integrative analysis shows that signaling pathways driving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway are highly activated in MP subtype tumors. Importantly, MP subtype cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of IGF1/IGF1R pathway than EP subtype. Detailed characterization of these two subtypes could identify novel therapeutic targets and useful biomarkers for prognosis and therapy response. The prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer is complicated by heterogeneity. Here, the authors reveal two molecular subtypes, the mesenchymal subtype associated with poor survival and chemoresistance, and the epithelial phenotype associated with better survival and sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Cheul Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Division of Hemato-Oncology, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Cheong Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University, College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Park
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Medicine, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Jang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eun Sung Park
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Heo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Kosin University, College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Korea
| | - In-Sun Chu
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jang
- Department of Surgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Mok
- Department of Surgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - WonKyung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Baek-Hui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Aeree Kim
- Department of Pathology, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Cho
- Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Lim
- Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elena Elimova
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeannelyn S Estralla
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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27
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PTBP3 contributes to the metastasis of gastric cancer by mediating CAV1 alternative splicing. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:569. [PMID: 29752441 PMCID: PMC5948206 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3 (PTBP3) is an essential RNA-binding protein with roles in RNA splicing, 3' end processing and translation. Although increasing evidence implicates PTBP3 in several cancers, its role in gastric cancer metastasis remains poorly explored. In this study, we found that PTBP3 was upregulated in the gastric cancer tissues of patients with lymph node metastasis. Patients with high PTBP3 expression levels had significantly shorter survival than those with low PTBP3 expression. Overexpression/knockdown of PTBP3 expression had no effect on proliferation, whereas it regulated migration and invasion in vitro. In addition, when a mouse xenotransplant model of MKN45 was established, knockdown of PTBP3 in MKN45 cells caused the formation of tumours that were smaller in size than their counterparts, with suppression of tumour lymphangiogenesis and metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Furthermore, we identified caveolin 1 (CAV1) as a downstream target of PTBP3. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that PTBP3 interacted with the CU-rich region of the CAV1 gene to downregulate CAV1α expression. Knockdown of CAV1α abrogated the reduction of FAK and Src induced by PTBP3 knockdown. In summary, our findings provide experimental evidence that PTBP3 may function as a metastatic gene in gastric cancer by regulating CAV1 through alternative splicing.
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28
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Zielinska HA, Holly JMP, Bahl A, Perks CM. Inhibition of FASN and ERα signalling during hyperglycaemia-induced matrix-specific EMT promotes breast cancer cell invasion via a caveolin-1-dependent mechanism. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:187-202. [PMID: 29331414 PMCID: PMC5832758 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since disturbed metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes can be critical determinants of breast cancer progression and therapeutic failure, we aimed to determine the mechanism responsible for their pro-oncogenic effects. Using non-invasive, epithelial-like ERα-positive MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cells we found that hyperglycaemia induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key programme responsible for the development of metastatic disease. This was demonstrated by loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin together with increases in mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin and the transcription factor SLUG, together with an enhancement of cell growth and invasion. These phenotypic changes were only observed with cells grown on fibronectin and not with those plated on collagen. Analyzing metabolic parameters, we found that hyperglycaemia-induced, matrix-specific EMT promoted the Warburg effect by upregulating glucose uptake, lactate release and specific glycolytic enzymes and transporters. We showed that silencing of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and the downstream ERα, which we showed previously to mediate hyperglycaemia-induced chemoresistance in these cells, resulted in suppression of cell growth: however, this also resulted in a dramatic enhancement of cell invasion and SLUG mRNA levels via a novel caveolin-1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Zielinska
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - J M P Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - A Bahl
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C M Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
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29
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Mechanotransduction of matrix stiffness in regulation of focal adhesion size and number: reciprocal regulation of caveolin-1 and β1 integrin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15008. [PMID: 29118431 PMCID: PMC5678369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA) assembly, mediated by integrin activation, responds to matrix stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we showed that β1 integrin and caveolin-1 (Cav1) levels were decreased with declining matrix stiffness. Soft matrix selectively downregulated β1 integrin by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation. Disruption of lipid rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or nystatin, or knockdown of Cav1 by siRNA decreased cell spreading, FA assembly, and β1 integrin protein levels in cells cultured on stiff matrix. Overexpression of Cav1, particularly the phospho-mimetic mutant Cav1-Y14D, averted soft matrix-induced decreases in β1 integrin protein levels, cell spreading, and FA assembly in NMuMG cells. Interestingly, overexpression of an auto-clustering β1 integrin hindered soft matrix-induced reduction of Cav1 and cell spreading, which suggests a reciprocal regulation between β1 integrin and Cav1. Finally, co-expression of this auto-clustering β1 integrin and Cav1-Y14D synergistically enhanced cell spreading, and FA assembly in HEK293T cells cultured on either stiff ( > G Pa) or soft (0.2 kPa) matrices. Collectively, these results suggest that matrix stiffness governs the expression of β1 integrin and Cav1, which reciprocally control each other, and subsequently determine FA assembly and turnover.
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30
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Alawin OA, Ahmed RA, Dronamraju V, Briski KP, Sylvester PW. γ-Tocotrienol-induced disruption of lipid rafts in human breast cancer cells is associated with a reduction in exosome heregulin content. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:83-93. [PMID: 28797930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of heregulin, a potent ligand that activates HER3 and HER4 receptors, plays a significant role in the development of chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer patients. Exosomes released from cancer cells are small vesicles originating from the outward budding of lipid rafts that carry various mitogenic proteins that then act locally in an autocrine/paracrine manner to stimulate cancer cell growth. Since the anticancer activity of γ-tocotrienol has been shown to be mediated in part through the disruption of lipid rafts, studies were conducted to determine the effect of γ-tocotrienol on exosomes mitogenic biopotency. Exosomes isolated from the media of cultured T47D breast cancer cells were found to stimulate T47D cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. These growth stimulating effects were due to the high levels of heregulin contained in the exosomes that act to stimulate HER3 and HER4 activation, heterodimerization and mitogenic signaling. Exposure to 5 μM γ-tocotrienol resulted in the selective accumulation and disruption in the integrity of the lipid raft microdomain and a corresponding decrease in exosome heregulin content and mitogenic biopotency. These findings provide strong evidence indicating that the anticancer effects of γ-tocotrienol are mediated, at least in part, by directly disrupting HER dimerization and signaling within the lipid rafts and indirectly by reducing exosome heregulin content and subsequent autocrine/paracrine mitogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Alawin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Rayan A Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | | | - Karen P Briski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Paul W Sylvester
- School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
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31
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Progression-related loss of stromal Caveolin 1 levels fosters the growth of human PC3 xenografts and mediates radiation resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41138. [PMID: 28112237 PMCID: PMC5255553 DOI: 10.1038/srep41138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite good treatment results in localized prostate tumors, advanced disease stages usually have a pronounced resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The membrane protein caveolin-1 (Cav1) functions here as an important oncogene. Therefore we examined the impact of stromal Cav1 expression for tumor growth and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Silencing of Cav1 expression in PC3 cells resulted in increased tumor growth and a reduced growth delay after IR when compared to tumors generated by Cav1-expressing PC3 cells. The increased radiation resistance was associated with increasing amounts of reactive tumor stroma and a Cav1 re-expression in the malignant epithelial cells. Mimicking the human situation these results were confirmed using co-implantation of Cav1-silenced PC3 cells with Cav1-silenced or Cav1-expressing fibroblasts. Immunohistochemically analysis of irradiated tumors as well as human prostate tissue specimen confirmed that alterations in stromal-epithelial Cav1 expressions were accompanied by a more reactive Cav1-reduced tumor stroma after radiation and within advanced prostate cancer tissues which potentially mediates the resistance to radiation treatment. Conclusively, the radiation response of human prostate tumors is critically regulated by Cav1 expression in stromal fibroblasts. Loss of stromal Cav1 expression in advanced tumor stages may thus contribute to resistance of these tumors to radiotherapy.
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32
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Benzina S, Harquail J, Guerrette R, O'Brien P, Jean S, Crapoulet N, Robichaud GA. Breast Cancer Malignant Processes are Regulated by Pax-5 Through the Disruption of FAK Signaling Pathways. J Cancer 2016; 7:2035-2044. [PMID: 28070224 PMCID: PMC5219892 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of genetic factors regulating breast cancer malignancy is a top priority to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. One of these factors, Pax-5, modulates cancer aggressiveness through the regulation of various components of the epithelial to mesenchymal transitioning (EMT) process. We have previously reported that Pax-5 expression profiles in cancer tissues inversely correlate with those of the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), a potent activator of breast cancer malignancy. In this study, we set out to elucidate the molecular and regulatory relationship between Pax-5 and FAK in breast cancer processes. Interestingly, we found that Pax-5 mediated suppression of breast cancer cell migration is dependent of FAK activity. Our mechanistic examination revealed that Pax-5 inhibits FAK expression and activation. We also demonstrate that Pax-5 is a potent modulator of FAK repressors (p53 and miR-135b) and activator (NFκB) which results in the overall suppression of FAK-mediated signaling cascades. Altogether, our findings bring more insight to the molecular triggers regulating phenotypic transitioning process and signaling cascades leading to breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Benzina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada E1C 8X3
| | - Jason Harquail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada E1C 8X3
| | - Roxann Guerrette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada E1C 8X3
| | - Pierre O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada E1C 8X3
| | - Stéphanie Jean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada E1C 8X3
| | - Nicolas Crapoulet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9.; Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada E1C 8X3
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Efficacy of focal adhesion kinase inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer with oncogenically activated MAPK pathways. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:203-11. [PMID: 27336608 PMCID: PMC4947704 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in many types of tumours, including lung cancer. Y15, a small molecule which inhibits Y397 FAK autophosphorylation, decreases growth of human neuroblastoma, breast and pancreatic cancers. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of Y15, and the underlying mechanism on non-small cell lung cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of Y15 targeting FAK signalling were evaluated. Gene-knockdown experiments were performed to determine the anti-cancer mechanism. Xenografts with RAS or EGFR mutations were selected for in vivo Y15 treatment. Results: Y15 blocked autophosphorylation of FAK in a time- and dose-dependent manner. It caused dose-dependent decrease of lung cancer cell viability and clonogenicity. Y15 inhibited tumour growth of RAS-mutant (A549 with KRAS mutation and H1299 with NRAS mutation), as well as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant (H1650 and H1975) lung cancer xenografts. JNK activation is a mechanism underlying Y15-induced Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 downregulation. Moreover, knockdown of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL potentiated the effects of Y15. The combination of various inhibitors of the Bcl-2 family of proteins with FAK inhibitors demonstrated synergy in multiple lung cancer cell lines in vitro. Conclusions: FAK inhibition demonstrated efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in lung cancers with either oncogenic RAS or EGFR mutations. In addition, FAK inhibition in combination with inhibitors of Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins has synergistic activity in these MAPK-activated non-small cell lung cancer cell line models.
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Weyemi U, Redon CE, Sethi TK, Burrell AS, Jailwala P, Kasoji M, Abrams N, Merchant A, Bonner WM. Twist1 and Slug mediate H2AX-regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2398-404. [PMID: 27315462 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1198864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be essential for cancer metastasis. While chromatin remodeling is involved in EMT, which processes contribute to this remodeling remain poorly investigated. Recently, we showed that silencing or removal of the histone variant H2A.X induced mesenchymal-like characteristics, including activation of the EMT transcription factors, Slug and Zeb1 in human colon cancer cells. Here, we provide the evidence that H2A.X loss in human non-tumorigenic breast cell line MCF10A results in a robust EMT activation, as substantiated by a genome-wide expression analysis. Cells deficient for H2A.X exhibit enhanced migration and invasion, along with an activation of a set of mesenchymal genes and a concomitant repression of epithelial genes. In the breast model, the EMT-related transcription factor Twist1 cooperates with Slug to regulate EMT upon H2A.X Loss. Of interest, H2A.X expression level tightly correlates with Twist1, and to a lesser extent with Slug in the panel of human breast cancer cell lines of the NCI-60 datasets. These new findings indicate that H2A.X is involved in the EMT processes in cells of different origins but pairing with transcription factors for EMT may be tissue specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbain Weyemi
- a Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Christophe E Redon
- a Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Taresh K Sethi
- a Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Allison S Burrell
- a Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Parthav Jailwala
- c Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Manjula Kasoji
- c Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Natalie Abrams
- c Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Anand Merchant
- c Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - William M Bonner
- a Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Marcucci F, Stassi G, De Maria R. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a new target in anticancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:311-25. [PMID: 26822829 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of cells with an epithelial phenotype into cells with a mesenchymal phenotype, referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is a critical process for embryonic development that also occurs in adult life, particularly during tumour progression. Tumour cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition acquire the capacity to disarm the body's antitumour defences, resist apoptosis and anticancer drugs, disseminate throughout the organism, and act as a reservoir that replenishes and expands the tumour cell population. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is therefore becoming a target of prime interest for anticancer therapy. Here, we discuss the screening and classification of compounds that affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition, highlight some compounds of particular interest, and address issues related to their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Marcucci
- Scientific Directorate, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy. Present address: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Trentacoste 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 131, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Directorate, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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Unahabhokha T, Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V. The attenuation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and induction of anoikis by gigantol in human lung cancer H460 cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8633-41. [PMID: 26733180 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the major cause of death within patients due to the high metastatic rate. One of the most essential processes of metastasis is the ability of cancer cells to resist the programmed cell death in a detached condition called anoikis. The discoveries of new natural compound that is able to sensitize anoikis in cancer cells have garnered the most interest in cancer pharmaceutical science. Gigantol, a bibenzyl compound extracted from Dendrobium draconis, has been a promising natural derived compound for cancer therapy due to several cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. This study has demonstrated for the first time that gigantol significantly decreases lung cancer cells' viability in a detached condition through anoikis and anchorage-independent assays. Western blotting analysis reveals that gigantol greatly decreases epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including N-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug leading to a significant suppression of protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and caveolin-1 (cav-1) survival pathways during the detached condition. Therefore, gigantol could be a potential cancer therapeutic compound suggesting for further development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitita Unahabhokha
- Pharmaceutical Technology (International) Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330.
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330.
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Lesser-Known Molecules in Ovarian Carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:321740. [PMID: 26339605 PMCID: PMC4538335 DOI: 10.1155/2015/321740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the deciphering of the signaling pathways brings about new advances in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis, which is based on the interaction of several molecules with different biochemical structure that, consequently, intervene in cell metabolism, through their role as regulators in proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Given that the ensemble of biomarkers in OC includes more than 50 molecules the interest of the researchers focuses on the possible validation of each one's potential as prognosis markers and/or therapeutic targets. Within this framework, this review presents three protein molecules: ALCAM, c-FLIP, and caveolin, motivated by the perspectives provided through the current limited knowledge on their role in ovarian carcinogenesis and on their potential as prognosis factors. Their structural stability, once altered, triggers the initiation of the sequences characteristic for ovarian carcinogenesis, through their role as modulators for several signaling pathways, contributing to the disruption of cellular junctions, disturbance of pro-/antiapoptotic equilibrium, and alteration of transmission of the signals specific for the molecular pathways. For each molecule, the text is built as follows: (i) general remarks, (ii) structural details, and (iii) particularities in expression, from different tumors to landmarks in ovarian carcinoma.
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38
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Missinato MA, Tobita K, Romano N, Carroll JA, Tsang M. Extracellular component hyaluronic acid and its receptor Hmmr are required for epicardial EMT during heart regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:487-98. [PMID: 26156497 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS After injury, the adult zebrafish can regenerate the heart. This requires the activation of the endocardium and epicardium as well as the proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes to replace the lost tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not completely resolved. In this work, we aim to identify the proteins involved in zebrafish heart regeneration and to explore their function. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a proteomic approach, we identified Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (Hmmr), a hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor, to be expressed following ventricular resection in zebrafish. Moreover, enzymes that produce HA, hyaluronic acid synthases (has), were also expressed following injury, suggesting that this pathway may serve important functions in the regenerating heart. Indeed, suppression of HA production, as well as depletion of Hmmr, blocked cardiac regeneration. Mechanistically, HA and Hmmr are required for epicardial cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their subsequent migration into the regenerating ventricle. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) or inhibition of Src kinases, downstream effectors of Hmmr, also prevented epicardial cell migration, implicating a HA/Hmmr/FAK/Src pathway in this process. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, both HA and HMMR were up-regulated and localized in the infarct area within the first few days following damage, suggesting that this pathway may also play an important role in cardiac repair in mammals. CONCLUSION HA and Hmmr are required for activated epicardial cell EMT and migration involving the FAK/Src pathway for proper heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - James A Carroll
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Abstract
It has been over 20 years since the discovery that caveolar lipid rafts function as signalling organelles. Lipid rafts create plasma membrane heterogeneity, and caveolae are the most extensively studied subset of lipid rafts. A newly emerging paradigm is that changes in caveolae also generate tumour metabolic heterogeneity. Altered caveolae create a catabolic tumour microenvironment, which supports oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells and which contributes to dismal survival rates for cancer patients. In this Review, we discuss the role of caveolae in tumour progression, with a special emphasis on their metabolic and cell signalling effects, and their capacity to transform the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Federica Sotgia
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- 1] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. [2] Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism (MCCM), University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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40
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Shen H, Zhong F, Zhang Y, Yu H, Liu Y, Qin L, He F, Tang Z, Yang P. Transcriptome and proteome of human hepatocellular carcinoma reveal shared metastatic pathways with significant genes. Proteomics 2015; 15:1793-800. [PMID: 25652264 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously isolated pathways screened from individual genes were investigated at either the transcriptional or translational level; however, the consistency between the pathways screened at the gene expression levels was obscure in metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To elucidate this question, we performed a transcriptomic (16,353 genes) and proteomic (7861 proteins) analysis simultaneously on six metastatic HCC cell lines against two nonmetastatic HCC cell lines, with all HBV traceable and close genetic-backgrounds for a comparative study. The quantitative and integrated results showed that significant genes were screened differentially with 351 transcripts from the transcriptome and 304 proteins from the proteome, with limited overlapping genes (7%). However, we discovered that these discrete 351 transcripts and 304 proteins screened share extrusive significant-pathways/networks with a 77% overlap, including active TGF-β, RAS, NFκB, and Wnt, and inactive HNF4A, which are responsible for HCC metastasis. We conclude that the discrete, but significant genes predicted by either ome play intrinsically important roles in the linkage of responsible pathways shared by both omes in HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Shen
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhong
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fuchu He
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyou Tang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Children Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Kim Y, Han D, Min H, Jin J, Yi EC, Kim Y. Comparative proteomic profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Mol Cells 2014; 37:888-98. [PMID: 25518923 PMCID: PMC4275706 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers and is associated with limited diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Currently, gemcitabine is the only effective drug and represents the preferred first-line treatment for chemotherapy. However, a high level of intrinsic or acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine can contribute to the failure of gemcitabine treatment. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer, we performed label-free quantification of protein expression in intrinsic gemcitabine-resistant and - sensitive human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines using our improved proteomic strategy, combined with filter-aided sample preparation, single-shot liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, enhanced spectral counting, and a statistical method based on a power law global error model. We identified 1931 proteins and quantified 787 differentially expressed proteins in the BxPC3, PANC-1, and HPDE cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis identified 15 epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and 13 EMT-related proteins that were closely associated with drug resistance were differentially expressed. Interestingly, 8 of these proteins were involved in glutathione and cysteine/methionine metabolism. These results suggest that proteins related to the EMT and glutathione metabolism play important roles in the development of intrinsic gemcitabine resistance by pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikwon Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Eugene C. Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
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Role of the urokinase-fibrinolytic system in epithelial-mesenchymal transition during lung injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:55-68. [PMID: 25447049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cell injury precedes development of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice lacking urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are highly susceptible, whereas those deficient in plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) are resistant to lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered, at least in part, as a source of myofibroblast formation during fibrogenesis. However, the contribution of altered expression of major components of the uPA system on ATII cell EMT during lung injury is not well understood. To investigate whether changes in uPA and PAI-1 by ATII cells contribute to EMT, ATII cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and mice with bleomycin-, transforming growth factor β-, or passive cigarette smoke-induced lung injury were analyzed for uPA, PAI-1, and EMT markers. We found reduced expression of E-cadherin and zona occludens-1, whereas collagen-I and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in ATII cells isolated from injured lungs. These changes were associated with a parallel increase in PAI-1 and reduced uPA expression. Further, inhibition of Src kinase activity using caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide suppressed bleomycin-, transforming growth factor β-, or passive cigarette smoke-induced EMT and restored uPA expression while suppressing PAI-1. These studies show that induction of PAI-1 and inhibition of uPA during fibrosing lung injury lead to EMT in ATII cells.
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Dai Z, Zhou SL, Zhou ZJ, Bai DS, Xu XY, Fu XT, Chen Q, Zhao YM, Zhu K, Yu L, Yang GH, Wang Z, Wu WZ, Zhou J, Fan J. Capn4 contributes to tumour growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activation of the FAK-Src signalling pathways. J Pathol 2014; 234:316-28. [PMID: 24962955 DOI: 10.1002/path.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) has been identified as a major gene that promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism by which Capn4 promotes progression of HCC is not understood. In this study, we found that Capn4 expression was increased in highly metastatic HCC cell lines and in tumour tissue from HCC patients compared to healthy patient tissue. Over-expression of Capn4 in HCC cells enhanced tumour cell growth in vitro and increased invasiveness, tumourigenicity and lung metastasis in vivo. Protein microarray analyses showed that expression of multiple proteins was regulated by Capn4. Interestingly, Capn4 was found to physically associate with FAK and promoted hyperactivity of the FAK-Src signalling pathway via increased phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues of FAK, Src and p130Cas. Knock-down of Capn4 expression suppressed the malignant behaviour of HCC cells and inhibited the FAK-Src signalling pathway. Furthermore, Capn4-mediated invasion and metastasis of HCC cells required up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) through activation of this signalling pathway. Our clinical data revealed that Capn4 expression correlated well with the levels of phospho-FAK, and over-expression of both Capn4 and phospho-FAK correlates with the poorest survival outcomes in HCC. In conclusion, our data showed that Capn4 can contribute to HCC growth and metastasis via activation of the FAK-Src signalling pathway and MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dai
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Liang W, Hao Z, Han JL, Zhu DJ, Jin ZF, Xie WL. CAV-1 contributes to bladder cancer progression by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:855-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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45
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Matsuwaki R, Ishii G, Zenke Y, Neri S, Aokage K, Hishida T, Yoshida J, Fujii S, Kondo H, Goya T, Nagai K, Ochiai A. Immunophenotypic features of metastatic lymph node tumors to predict recurrence in N2 lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:905-11. [PMID: 24814677 PMCID: PMC4317916 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2) in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the lung have poor prognosis after surgical resection of the primary tumor. The aim of this study was to clarify predictive factors of the recurrence of pathological lung SqCC with N2 focusing on the biological characteristics of both cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in primary and metastatic lymph node tumors. We selected 64 patients with pathological primary lung N2 SqCC who underwent surgical complete resection and investigated the expressions of four epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related markers (caveolin, clusterin, E-cadherin, ZEB2), three cancer stem cell-related markers (ALDH-1, CD44 variant6, podoplanin) of cancer cells, and four markers of CAFs (caveolin, CD90, clusterin, podoplanin) in both primary and matched metastatic lymph node tumors in the N2 area. In the primary tumors, the expressions of all the examined molecules were not related to recurrence. However, in the metastatic lymph node tumors, high clusterin and ZEB2 expressions in the cancer cells and high podoplanin expression in the CAFs were significantly correlated with recurrence (P = 0.03, 0.04, and 0.007, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, only podoplanin expression in the CAFs in metastatic lymph node tumors was identified as a significantly independent predictive factor of recurrence (P = 0.03). Our study indicated that the immunophenotypes of both cancer cells and CAFs in metastatic lymph node tumors, but not primary tumors, provide useful information for predicting the recurrence of pathological N2 lung SqCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Matsuwaki
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim YJ, Koo GB, Lee JY, Moon HS, Kim DG, Lee DG, Lee JY, Oh JH, Park JM, Kim MS, Woo HG, Kim SI, Kang P, Choi W, Sim TS, Park WY, Lee JG, Kim YS. A microchip filter device incorporating slit arrays and 3-D flow for detection of circulating tumor cells using CAV1-EpCAM conjugated microbeads. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7501-10. [PMID: 24917030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells and the presence of these cells may indicate a poor prognosis and a high potential for metastasis. Despite highly promising clinical applications, CTCs have not been investigated thoroughly, due to many technical limitations faced in their isolation and identification. Current CTC detection techniques mostly take the epithelial marker epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), however, accumulating evidence suggests that CTCs show heterogeneous EpCAM expression due to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we report that a microchip filter device incorporating slit arrays and 3-dimensional flow that can separate heterogeneous population of cells with marker for CTCs. To select target we cultured breast cancer cells under prolonged mammosphere culture conditions which induced EMT phenotype. Under these conditions, cells show upregulation of caveolin1 (CAV1) but down-regulation of EpCAM expression. The proposed device which contains CAV1-EpCAM conjugated bead has several tens of times increased throughput. More importantly, this platform enables the enhanced capture yield from metastatic breast cancer patients and obtained cells that expressed various EMT markers. Further understanding of these EMT-related phenotypes will lead to improved detection techniques and may provide an opportunity to develop therapeutic strategies for effective treatment and prevention of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jeong Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea; Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Gi-Bang Koo
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - June-Young Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-712, Korea
| | - Hui-Sung Moon
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea; Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Da-Gyum Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Oh
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jong-Myeon Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Seoul 135-710, Korea; Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-712, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Seung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Pilsung Kang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Tae Seok Sim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-712, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jeong-Gun Lee
- Advanced Device Team, DMC R&D center, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon 443-742, Korea.
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
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Hypoxia-inducible factor/MAZ-dependent induction of caveolin-1 regulates colon permeability through suppression of occludin, leading to hypoxia-induced inflammation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3013-23. [PMID: 24891620 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00324-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized microdomains on membranes that are critical for signal transduction, cholesterol transport, and endocytosis. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a multifunctional protein and a major component of caveolae. Cav1 is directly activated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIFs are heterodimers of an oxygen-sensitive α subunit, HIF1α or HIF2α, and a constitutively expressed β subunit, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Whole-genome expression analysis demonstrated that Cav1 is highly induced in mouse models of constitutively activated HIF signaling in the intestine. Interestingly, Cav1 was increased only in the colon and not in the small intestine. Currently, the mechanism and role of HIF induction of CAV1 in the colon are unclear. In mouse models, mice that overexpressed HIF1α or HIF2α specifically in intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated an increase in Cav1 gene expression in the colon but not in the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. HIF2α activated the Cav1 promoter in a HIF response element-independent manner. myc-associated zinc finger (MAZ) protein was essential for HIF2α activation of the Cav1 promoter. Hypoxic induction of CAV1 in the colon was essential for intestinal barrier integrity by regulating occludin expression. This may provide an additional mechanism by which chronic hypoxia can activate intestinal inflammation.
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48
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Chen T, Liu L, Xu HX, Wang WQ, Wu CT, Yao WT, Yu XJ. Significance of caveolin-1 regulators in pancreatic cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4501-7. [PMID: 24083692 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a scaffold protein on the cell membrane. As the main component of caveolae, caveolin-1 is involved in many biological processes that include substance uptake and transmembrane signaling. Many of these processes and thus caveolin-1 contribute to cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Of particular interest are the dual rolesof tumor suppressor and oncogene that caveolin-1 appear to play in different malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Therefore, analyzing caveolin-1 regulators and understanding their mechanisms of actionis key to identifying novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for pancreatic cancer. This review details the mechanisms of action of caveolin-1 regulators and the potential significance for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Pancreas and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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49
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Ueda J, Matsuda Y, Yamahatsu K, Uchida E, Naito Z, Korc M, Ishiwata T. Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 is a favorable prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer that attenuates pancreatic metastases. Oncogene 2013; 33:4485-95. [PMID: 24077287 PMCID: PMC4041859 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) binds the FGFR-2 auxiliary cis-element ISE/ISS-3, located in the intron between exon IIIb and IIIc, and primarily promotes FGFR-2 IIIb expression. Here we assessed the role of ESRP1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti-ESRP1, FGFR-2 IIIb and FGFR-2 IIIc antibodies in 123 PDAC cases. ESRP1-expression vector and small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting ESRP1 were transfected into human PDAC cells, and cell growth, migration and invasion were analyzed. In vivo heterotopic and orthotopic implantations using ESRP1 overexpression clones were performed and effects on pancreatic tumor volumes and hepatic and pulmonary metastases determined. ESRP1 immunoreactivity was strong in the nuclei of cancer cells in well-to-moderately differentiated PDACs, but weak in poorly-differentiated cancers. Well-to-moderately differentiated cancers also exhibited high FGFR-2 IIIb and low FGFR-2 IIIc expression, whereas this ratio was reversed in the poorly-differentiated cancers. Increased ESRP1 expression was associated with longer survival by comparison with low-ESRP1 expression, and PANC-1 cells engineered to express ESRP1 exhibited increased FGFR-2 IIIb expression and decreased migration and invasion in vitro, whereas ESRP1 siRNA-transfected KLM-1 cells exhibited increased FGFR-2 IIIc expression and increased cell growth, migration and invasion. In vivo, ESRP1-overexpressing clones formed significantly fewer liver metastases as compared with control clones. ESRP1 regulates the expression pattern of FGFR-2 isoforms, attenuates cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis, and is a favorable prognostic factor in PDAC. Therefore, devising mechanisms to up-regulate ESRP1 may exert a beneficial therapeutic effect in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ueda
- 1] Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Surgery for Organ and Biological Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yamahatsu
- 1] Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Surgery for Organ and Biological Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Uchida
- Department of Surgery for Organ and Biological Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Z Naito
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Korc
- Departments of Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T Ishiwata
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Meyer C, Liu Y, Dooley S. Caveolin and TGF-β entanglements. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2097-102. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Meyer
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Steven Dooley
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Section Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
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