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Huszenicza Z, Gilmour BC, Koll L, Kjelstrup H, Chan H, Sundvold V, Granum S, Spurkland A. Interaction of T-cell-specific adapter protein with Src- and Tec-family kinases. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13358. [PMID: 38605535 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Adapter proteins are flexible and dynamic modulators of cellular signalling that are important for immune cell function. One of these, the T-cell-specific adapter protein (TSAd), interacts with the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src and Lck of the Src family kinases (SFKs) and Itk of the Tec family kinases (TFKs). Three tyrosine residues in the TSAd C-terminus are phosphorylated by Lck and serve as docking sites for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of Src and Lck. The TSAd proline-rich region (PRR) binds to the Src homology 3 (SH3) domains found in Lck, Src and Itk. Despite known interactors, the role TSAd plays in cellular signalling remains largely unknown. TSAd's ability to bind both SFKs and TFKs may point to its function as a general scaffold for both kinase families. Using GST-pulldown as well as peptide array experiments, we found that both the SH2 and SH3 domains of the SFKs Fyn and Hck, as well as the TFKs Tec and Txk, interact with TSAd. This contrasts with Itk, which interacts with TSAd only through its SH3 domain. Although our analysis showed that TSAd is both co-expressed and may interact with Fyn, we were unable to co-precipitate Fyn with TSAd from Jurkat cells, as detected by Western blotting and affinity purification mass spectrometry. This may suggest that TSAd-Fyn interaction in intact cells may be limited by other factors, such as the subcellular localization of the two molecules or the co-expression of competing binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Huszenicza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brian C Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Koll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Sundvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Granum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Borowicz P, Sundvold V, Chan H, Abrahamsen G, Kjelstrup H, Nyman TA, Spurkland A. Tyr 192 Regulates Lymphocyte-Specific Tyrosine Kinase Activity in T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1128-1137. [PMID: 34321230 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TCR signaling critically depends on the tyrosine kinase Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase). Two phosphotyrosines, the activating pTyr394 and the inhibitory pTyr505, control Lck activity. Recently, pTyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain emerged as a third regulator. How pTyr192 may affect Lck function remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of Lck Tyr192 using CRISPR/Cas9-targeted knock-in mutations in the human Jurkat T cell line. Our data reveal that both Lck pTyr394 and pTyr505 are controlled by Lck Tyr192 Lck with a nonphosphorylated SH2 domain (Lck Phe192) displayed hyperactivity, possibly by promoting Lck Tyr394 transphosphorylation. Lck Glu192 mimicking stable Lck pTyr192 was inhibited by Tyr505 hyperphosphorylation. To overcome this effect, we further mutated Tyr505 The resulting Lck Glu192/Phe505 displayed strongly increased amounts of pTyr394 both in resting and activated T cells. Our results suggest that a fundamental role of Lck pTyr192 may be to protect Lck pTyr394 and/or pTyr505 to maintain a pool of already active Lck in resting T cells. This provides an additional mechanism for fine-tuning of Lck as well as T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Vibeke Sundvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Greger Abrahamsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
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3
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Borowicz P, Chan H, Hauge A, Spurkland A. Adaptor proteins: Flexible and dynamic modulators of immune cell signalling. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12951. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anette Hauge
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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4
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Borowicz P, Chan H, Medina D, Gumpelmair S, Kjelstrup H, Spurkland A. A simple and efficient workflow for generation of knock‐in mutations in Jurkat T cells using CRISPR/Cas9. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12862. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Daniel Medina
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Simon Gumpelmair
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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5
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Andersen TCB, Kristiansen PE, Huszenicza Z, Johansson MU, Gopalakrishnan RP, Kjelstrup H, Boyken S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Granum S, Sørli M, Backe PH, Fulton DB, Karlsson BG, Andreotti AH, Spurkland A. The SH3 domains of the protein kinases ITK and LCK compete for adjacent sites on T cell-specific adapter protein. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15480-15494. [PMID: 31484725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation requires stimulation of specific intracellular signaling pathways in which protein-tyrosine kinases, phosphatases, and adapter proteins interact to transmit signals from the T-cell receptor to the nucleus. Interactions of LCK proto-oncogene, SRC family tyrosine kinase (LCK), and the IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) with the T cell-specific adapter protein (TSAD) promotes LCK-mediated phosphorylation and thereby ITK activation. Both ITK and LCK interact with TSAD's proline-rich region (PRR) through their Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. Whereas LCK may also interact with TSAD through its SH2 domain, ITK interacts with TSAD only through its SH3 domain. To begin to understand on a molecular level how the LCK SH3 and ITK SH3 domains interact with TSAD in human HEK293T cells, here we combined biochemical analyses with NMR spectroscopy. We found that the ITK and LCK SH3 domains potentially have adjacent and overlapping binding sites within the TSAD PRR amino acids (aa) 239-274. Pulldown experiments and NMR spectroscopy revealed that both domains may bind to TSAD aa 239-256 and aa 257-274. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further revealed that both domains may also bind simultaneously to TSAD aa 242-268. Accordingly, NMR spectroscopy indicated that the SH3 domains may compete for these two adjacent binding sites. We propose that once the associations of ITK and LCK with TSAD promote the ITK and LCK interaction, the interactions among TSAD, ITK, and LCK are dynamically altered by ITK phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorny Cesilie Bie Andersen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Zsuzsa Huszenicza
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria U Johansson
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Scott Boyken
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1079
| | - Vibeke Sundvold-Gjerstad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Granum
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Sørli
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Paul Hoff Backe
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - D Bruce Fulton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1079
| | - B Göran Karlsson
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1079
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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6
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Polarity of CD4+ T cells towards the antigen presenting cell is regulated by the Lck adapter TSAd. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13319. [PMID: 30190583 PMCID: PMC6127336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarization of T cells towards the antigen presenting cell (APC) is critically important for appropriate activation and differentiation of the naïve T cell. Here we used imaging flow cytometry (IFC) and show that the activation induced Lck and Itk adapter T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd), encoded by SH2D2A, modulates polarization of T cells towards the APC. Upon exposure to APC presenting the cognate antigen Id, Sh2d2a−/− CD4+ T cells expressing Id-specific transgenic T cell receptor (TCR), displayed impaired polarization of F-actin and TCR to the immunological synapse (IS). Sh2d2a−/− T-cells that did polarize F-actin and TCR still displayed impaired polarization of PKCξ, PAR3 and the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). In vitro differentiation of activated Sh2d2a−/− T cells was skewed towards an effector memory (Tem) rather than a central memory (Tcm) phenotype. A similar trend was observed for Id-specific TCR Sh2d2a−/− T cells stimulated with APC and cognate antigen. Taken together our data suggest that TSAd modulates differentiation of experienced T cells possibly through polarization of CD4+ T cells towards the APC.
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7
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Belmont J, Gu T, Mudd A, Salomon AR. A PLC-γ1 Feedback Pathway Regulates Lck Substrate Phosphorylation at the T-Cell Receptor and SLP-76 Complex. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28644030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) occupies a critically important position in the T-cell signaling pathway. While its functions as a regulator of both Ca2+ signaling and PKC-family kinases are well characterized, PLC-γ1's role in the regulation of early T-cell receptor signaling events is incompletely understood. Activation of the T-cell receptor leads to the formation of a signalosome complex between SLP-76, LAT, PLC-γ1, Itk, and Vav1. Recent studies have revealed the existence of both positive and negative feedback pathways from SLP-76 to the apical kinase in the pathway, Lck. To determine if PLC-γ1 contributes to the regulation of these feedback networks, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of PLC-γ1-deficient T cells. These data revealed a previously unappreciated role for PLC-γ1 in the positive regulation of Zap-70 and T-cell receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, PLC-γ1 negatively regulated the phosphorylation of SLP-76-associated proteins, including previously established Lck substrate phosphorylation sites within this complex. While the positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation sites on Lck were largely unchanged, Tyr192 phosphorylation was elevated in Jgamma1. The data supports a model wherein Lck's targeting, but not its kinase activity, is altered by PLC-γ1, possibly through Lck Tyr192 phosphorylation and increased association of the kinase with protein scaffolds SLP-76 and TSAd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judson Belmont
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ashley Mudd
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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8
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Hem CD, Ekornhol M, Granum S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Spurkland A. CD6 and Linker of Activated T Cells are Potential Interaction Partners for T Cell-Specific Adaptor Protein. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:104-112. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Hem
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Ekornhol
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - S. Granum
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - V. Sundvold-Gjerstad
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - A. Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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9
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Kapoor-Kaushik N, Hinde E, Compeer EB, Yamamoto Y, Kraus F, Yang Z, Lou J, Pageon SV, Tabarin T, Gaus K, Rossy J. Distinct Mechanisms Regulate Lck Spatial Organization in Activated T Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27014263 PMCID: PMC4782156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by the kinase Lck is the first detectable signaling event upon antigen engagement. The distribution of Lck within the plasma membrane, its conformational state, kinase activity, and protein–protein interactions all contribute to determine how efficiently Lck phosphorylates the engaged TCR. Here, we used cross-correlation raster image correlation spectroscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy to identify two mechanisms of Lck clustering: an intrinsic mechanism of Lck clustering induced by locking Lck in its open conformation and an extrinsic mechanism of clustering controlled by the phosphorylation of tyrosine 192, which regulates the affinity of Lck SH2 domain. Both mechanisms of clustering were differently affected by the absence of the kinase Zap70 or the adaptor Lat. We further observed that the adaptor TSAd bound to and promoted the diffusion of Lck when it is phosphorylated on tyrosine 192. Our data suggest that while Lck open conformation drives aggregation and clustering, the spatial organization of Lck is further controlled by signaling events downstream of TCR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewoud B Compeer
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix Kraus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Sophie V Pageon
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thibault Tabarin
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Weisel FJ, Zuccarino-Catania GV, Chikina M, Shlomchik MJ. A Temporal Switch in the Germinal Center Determines Differential Output of Memory B and Plasma Cells. Immunity 2016; 44:116-130. [PMID: 26795247 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse-labeling studies, we found that MBC formation preceded the formation of LLPCs in an adoptive transfer immunization system, which allowed for a synchronized Ag-specific response with homogeneous Ag-receptor, yet at natural precursor frequencies. We confirmed these observations in wild-type (WT) mice and extended them with germinal center (GC) disruption experiments and variable region gene sequencing. We thus show that the GC response undergoes a temporal switch in its output as it matures, revealing that the reaction engenders both MBC subsets with different immune effector function and, ultimately, LLPCs at largely separate points in time. These data demonstrate the kinetics of the formation of the cells that provide stable humoral immunity and therefore have implications for autoimmunity, for vaccine development, and for understanding long-term pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Weisel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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11
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Hem CD, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Granum S, Koll L, Abrahamsen G, Buday L, Spurkland A. T cell specific adaptor protein (TSAd) promotes interaction of Nck with Lck and SLP-76 in T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:31. [PMID: 26163016 PMCID: PMC4499191 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Lck and Src binding adaptor protein TSAd (T cell specific adaptor) regulates actin polymerization in T cells and endothelial cells. The molecular details as to how TSAd regulates this process remain to be elucidated. Results To identify novel interaction partners for TSAd, we used a scoring matrix-assisted ligand algorithm (SMALI), and found that the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of the actin regulator Non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein (Nck) potentially binds to TSAd phosphorylated on Tyr280 (pTyr280) and pTyr305. These predictions were confirmed by peptide array analysis, showing direct binding of recombinant Nck SH2 to both pTyr280 and pTyr305 on TSAd. In addition, the SH3 domains of Nck interacted with the proline rich region (PRR) of TSAd. Pull-down and immunoprecipitation experiments further confirmed the Nck-TSAd interactions through Nck SH2 and SH3 domains. In line with this Nck and TSAd co-localized in Jurkat cells as assessed by confocal microscopy and imaging flow cytometry. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in Jurkat TAg cells lacking TSAd revealed that TSAd promotes interaction of Nck with Lck and SLP-76, but not Vav1. TSAd expressing Jurkat cells contained more polymerized actin, an effect dependent on TSAd exon 7, which includes interactions sites for both Nck and Lck. Conclusions TSAd binds to and co-localizes with Nck. Expression of TSAd increases both Nck-Lck and Nck-SLP-76 interaction in T cells. Recruitment of Lck and SLP-76 to Nck by TSAd could be one mechanism by which TSAd promotes actin polymerization in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Dahl Hem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
| | - Vibeke Sundvold-Gjerstad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
| | - Stine Granum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
| | - Lise Koll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
| | - Greger Abrahamsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
| | - Laszlo Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0317, Norway. .,Institute of Basal Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PB 1105, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
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12
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Reduced MCMV Δm157 viral clearance in the absence of TSAd. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9219. [PMID: 25783199 PMCID: PMC4363830 DOI: 10.1038/srep09219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd) is expressed in activated T cells and NK cells. While TSAd is beginning to emerge as a critical regulator of Lck and Itk activity in T cells, its role in NK cells has not yet been explored. Here we have examined susceptibility to virus infections in a murine model using various viral infection models. We report that TSAd-deficient mice display reduced clearance of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) that lack the viral MHC class I homologue m157, which is critical for Ly49H-mediated NK cell recognition of infected cells. In this infection model, NK cells contribute in the early stages of the disease, whereas CD8+ T cells are critical for viral clearance. We found that mice infected with MCMV Δm157 displayed reduced viral clearance in the spleen as well as reduced proliferation in spleen NK cells and CD8+ T cells in the absence of TSAd. Though no other immunophenotype was detected in the infection models tested, these data suggests that in the absence of the Ly49H ligand activation, NK cell and CD8+ T cell responses may be compromised in TSAd-deficient mice.
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13
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Granum S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Gopalakrishnan RP, Berge T, Koll L, Abrahamsen G, Sorlie M, Spurkland A. The kinase Itk and the adaptor TSAd change the specificity of the kinase Lck in T cells by promoting the phosphorylation of Tyr192. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra118. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Pandya AD, Leergaard TB, Dissen E, Haraldsen G, Spurkland A. Expression of the T cell-specific adapter protein in human tissues. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:169-79. [PMID: 24910151 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell-specific adapter protein (TSAd) encoded by the SH2D2A gene is expressed in activated T cells, NK cells and endothelial cells, but its tissue expression has not yet been mapped. Here, we have defined the specificity of two commercially available anti-TSAd monoclonal reagents using peptide arrays. We found them to bind separate epitopes in the C-terminal part of TSAd. We then used immunohistochemistry to examine TSAd expression in various human lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Immunostaining of adjacent tissue sections revealed that a substantial fraction of CD3-positive cells in normal lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues expressed TSAd. In particular, essentially all intra-epithelial T cells appeared to coexpress TSAd. In addition, TSAd expression was observed in endothelial cells of dermal microvessels, while it was not detected in endothelial cells of the other tested tissues. This work provides insight into the expression pattern of TSAd in various healthy human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Pandya
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Crocetti J, Silva O, Humphries LA, Tibbs MD, Miceli MC. Selective phosphorylation of the Dlg1AB variant is critical for TCR-induced p38 activation and induction of proinflammatory cytokines in CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2651-60. [PMID: 25098293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells respond to TCR stimulation by producing proinflammatory cytokines, and destroying infected or malignant cells through the production and release of cytotoxic granules. Scaffold protein Discs large homolog 1 (Dlg1) specifies TCR-dependent functions by channeling proximal signals toward the activation of p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and/or p38-independent cytotoxic granule release. Two Dlg1 variants are expressed in CD8(+) T cells via alternative splicing, Dlg1AB and Dlg1B, which have differing abilities coordinate TCR-dependent functions. Although both variants facilitate p38-independent cytotoxicity, only Dlg1AB coordinates p38-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression. In this study, we identify TCR-induced Dlg1 tyrosine phosphorylation as a key regulatory step required for Dlg1AB-mediated p38-dependent functions, including proinflammatory cytokine expression. We find that Dlg1AB but not Dlg1B is tyrosine phosphorylated by proximal tyrosine kinase Lck in response to TCR stimulation. Furthermore, we identify Dlg1 tyrosine 222 (Y222) as a major site of Dlg1 phosphorylation required for TCR-triggered p38 activation and NFAT-dependent expression of proinflammatory cytokines, but not for p38-independent cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data support a model where TCR-induced phosphorylation of Dlg1 Y222 is a key point of control that endows Dlg1AB with the ability to coordinate p38 activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. We propose blocking Dlg1AB phosphorylation as a novel therapeutic target to specifically block proinflammatory cytokine production but not cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Crocetti
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Oscar Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lisa A Humphries
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320; and
| | - Michelle D Tibbs
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - M Carrie Miceli
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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16
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Kaplun L, Fridman AL, Chen W, Levin NK, Ahsan S, Petrucelli N, Barrick JL, Gold R, Land S, Simon MS, Morris RT, Munkarah AR, Tainsky MA. Variants in the Signaling Protein TSAd are Associated with Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer in BRCA1/2 Negative High Risk Families. Biomark Insights 2012; 7:151-7. [PMID: 23300341 PMCID: PMC3528110 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial fraction of familial ovarian cancer cases cannot be attributed to specific genetic factors. The discovery of additional susceptibility genes will permit a more accurate assessment of hereditary cancer risk and allow for monitoring of predisposed women in order to intervene at the earliest possible stage. We focused on a population with elevated familial breast and ovarian cancer risk. In this study, we identified a SNP rs926103 whose minor allele is associated with predisposition to ovarian but not breast cancer in a Caucasian high-risk population without BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. We have found that the allelic variation of rs926103, which alters amino acid 52 of the encoded protein SH2D2A/TSAd, results in differences in the activity of this protein involved in multiple signal transduction pathways, including regulation of immune response, tumor vascularization, cell growth, and differentiation. Our observation provides a novel candidate genetic biomarker of elevated ovarian cancer risk in members of high-risk families without BRCA1/2 mutations, as well as a potential therapeutic target, TSAd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Kaplun
- Program in Molecular Imaging and Biomarkers, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI. ; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI
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17
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Berge T, Grønningsæter IHB, Lorvik KB, Abrahamsen G, Granum S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Corthay A, Bogen B, Spurkland A. SH2D2A modulates T cell mediated protection to a B cell derived tumor in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48239. [PMID: 23144743 PMCID: PMC3483153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd), encoded by the SH2D2A gene, modulates signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). Young, unchallenged SH2D2A-deficient C57BL/6 mice exhibit a relatively normal immune phenotype. To address whether SH2D2A regulates physiologic immune responses, SH2D2A-deficient TCR-transgenic BALB/c mice were generated. The transgenic TCR recognizes a myeloma-derived idiotypic (Id) peptide in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule I-Ed, and confers T cell mediated resistance to transplanted multiple myeloma development in vivo. Principal Findings The immune phenotype of SH2D2A-deficient C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice did not reveal major differences compared to the corresponding wild type mice. When challenged with myeloma cells, Id-specific TCR-transgenic BALB/c mice lacking SH2D2A displayed increased resistance towards tumor development. Tumor free TCR-transgenic SH2D2A-deficient mice had higher numbers of Id-specific single positive CD4+ thymocytes compared to TCR-transgenic wild-type mice. Conclusion Our results suggest a modulatory role for SH2D2A in T cell mediated immune surveillance of cancer. However, it remains to be established whether its effect is T-cell intrinsic. Further studies are required to determine whether targeting SH2D2A function in T cells may be a potential adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Flow Cytometry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymocytes/immunology
- Thymocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Berge
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Rossy J, Williamson DJ, Gaus K. How does the kinase Lck phosphorylate the T cell receptor? Spatial organization as a regulatory mechanism. Front Immunol 2012; 3:167. [PMID: 22723799 PMCID: PMC3377954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell signaling begins with the ligation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) by a cognate peptide and the phosphorylation of the receptor’s immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif domains by the kinase Lck. However, the canonical receptor model is insufficient to explain how the constitutively active kinase Lck can discriminate between non-ligated and ligated TCRs. Here, we discuss the factors that are thought to regulate the spatial distribution of the TCR and Lck, and therefore critically influence TCR signaling initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Rossy
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Sun Z, Li X, Massena S, Kutschera S, Padhan N, Gualandi L, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Gustafsson K, Choy WW, Zang G, Quach M, Jansson L, Phillipson M, Abid MR, Spurkland A, Claesson-Welsh L. VEGFR2 induces c-Src signaling and vascular permeability in vivo via the adaptor protein TSAd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1363-77. [PMID: 22689825 PMCID: PMC3405501 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
VEGFR2 activates c-Src and induces vascular permeability by binding to the adaptor protein TSAd Regulation of vascular endothelial (VE) growth factor (VEGF)–induced permeability is critical in physiological and pathological processes. We show that tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) at Y951 facilitates binding of VEGFR2 to the Rous sarcoma (Src) homology 2-domain of T cell–specific adaptor (TSAd), which in turn regulates VEGF-induced activation of the c-Src tyrosine kinase and vascular permeability. c-Src was activated in vivo and in vitro in a VEGF/TSAd-dependent manner, and was regulated via increased phosphorylation at pY418 and reduced phosphorylation at pY527. Tsad silencing blocked VEGF-induced c-Src activation, but did not affect pathways involving phospholipase Cγ, extracellular regulated kinase, and endothelial nitric oxide. VEGF-induced rearrangement of VE–cadherin–positive junctions in endothelial cells isolated from mouse lungs, or in mouse cremaster vessels, was dependent on TSAd expression, and TSAd formed a complex with VE-cadherin, VEGFR2, and c-Src at endothelial junctions. Vessels in tsad−/− mice showed undisturbed flow and pressure, but impaired VEGF-induced permeability, as measured by extravasation of Evans blue, dextran, and microspheres in the skin and the trachea. Histamine-induced extravasation was not affected by TSAd deficiency. We conclude that TSAd is required for VEGF-induced, c-Src-mediated regulation of endothelial cell junctions and for vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Berge T, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Granum S, Andersen TCB, Holthe GB, Claesson-Welsh L, Andreotti AH, Inngjerdingen M, Spurkland A. T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd) interacts with Tec kinase ITK to promote CXCL12 induced migration of human and murine T cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9761. [PMID: 20305788 PMCID: PMC2841202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1α interacts with its G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4 to induce migration of lymphoid and endothelial cells. T cell specific adapter protein (TSAd) has been found to promote migration of Jurkat T cells through interaction with the G protein β subunit. However, the molecular mechanisms for how TSAd influences cellular migration have not been characterized in detail. Principal Findings We show that TSAd is required for tyrosine phosphorylation of the Lck substrate IL2-inducible T cell kinase (Itk). Presence of Itk Y511 was necessary to boost TSAd's effect on CXCL12 induced migration of Jurkat T cells. In addition, TSAd's ability to promote CXCL12-induced actin polymerization and migration of Jurkat T lymphocytes was dependent on the Itk-interaction site in the proline-rich region of TSAd. Furthermore, TSAd-deficient murine thymocytes failed to respond to CXCL12 with increased Itk phosphorylation, and displayed reduced actin polymerization and cell migration responses. Conclusion We propose that TSAd, through its interaction with both Itk and Lck, primes Itk for Lck mediated phosphorylation and thereby regulates CXCL12 induced T cell migration and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Berge
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stine Granum
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thorny C. B. Andersen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn B. Holthe
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amy H. Andreotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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21
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The cellular mechanism by which complementary Id+ and anti-Id antibodies communicate: T cells integrated into idiotypic regulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:515-22. [PMID: 20066000 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The V region antigenic determinants (idiotopes (Ids)) of antibodies (Abs) have been suggested to be involved in regulating the immune system. Certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus have recently been associated with a disequilibrium between Id(+) and anti-Id Abs. However, it is unknown how Abs carrying complementary idiotypes (that is, Id(+) and anti-Id Abs) regulate each other at the level of B and T cells. In this study, we show that B lymphoma cells genetically equipped with anti-Id BCR V regions receive a signal when exposed to Id(+)Ig. Moreover, they become x 10(4) more efficient at presenting exogenous Id(+) Ab to CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Activated Id-specific T cells in turn regulated the Id-specific B lymphoma cells. Similar results were obtained in vivo in a surrogate model in which an Id-peptide was incorporated genetically into the C-region of a recombinant Ab that targeted IgD on B cells. The findings suggest that conventional T-B collaboration can explain communication between complementary Id(+) and anti-Id Ab at the cellular level. A model is suggested that integrates present and previous data on B-cell regulation by Id-specific T cells.
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22
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Lapinski PE, Oliver JA, Bodie JN, Marti F, King PD. The T-cell-specific adapter protein family: TSAd, ALX, and SH2D4A/SH2D4B. Immunol Rev 2009; 232:240-54. [PMID: 19909368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adapter proteins play key roles in intracellular signal transduction through complex formation with catalytically active signaling molecules. In T lymphocytes, the role of several different types of adapter proteins in T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction is well established. An exception to this is the family of T-cell-specific adapter (TSAd) proteins comprising of TSAd, adapter protein of unknown function (ALX), SH2D4A, and SH2D4B. Only recently has the function of these adapters in T-cell signal transduction been explored. Here, we discuss advances in our understanding of the role of this family of adapter proteins in T cells. Their function as regulators of signal transduction in other cell types is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Lapinski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
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23
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Choi Y, Park E, Ahn E, Park I, Yun Y. The effector functions of mature T lymphocytes are impaired in transgenic mice expressing the SH2 domain of TSAd/Lad. Mol Cells 2009; 28:183-8. [PMID: 19756394 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TSAd/Lad is a T cell adaptor molecule involved in p56(lck)-mediated T cell activation. To investigate the functions of TSAd in T cells, we generated transgenic (TG) mice expressing the SH2 domain of TSAd (TSAd-SH2) under the control of the p56(lck) proximal promoter. In T cells from TSAd-SH2 TG mice, T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated early signaling events, such as Ca(2+) flux and ERK activation, were normal; however, late activation events, such as IL-2 production and proliferation, were significantly reduced. Moreover, TCR-induced cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and migration through ECM proteins were defective in T cells from TSAd-SH2 TG mice. Furthermore, the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction, an inflammatory response mainly mediated by T helper 1 (Th1) cells, was inhibited in TSAd-SH2 TG mice. Taken together, these results show that TSAd, particularly the SH2 domain of TSAd, is essential for the effector functions of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbong Choi
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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