1
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Arruda MFC, da Silva Ramos RCP, de Oliveira NS, Rosa RT, Stuelp-Campelo PM, Bianchini LF, Villas-Bôas SG, Rosa EAR. Central Carbon Metabolism in Candida albicans Biofilms Is Altered by Dimethyl Sulfoxide. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:337. [PMID: 38786692 PMCID: PMC11121877 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on fungal metabolism has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate, by metabolomics, the impact of DMSO on the central carbon metabolism of Candida albicans. Biofilms of C. albicans SC5314 were grown on paper discs, using minimum mineral (MM) medium, in a dynamic continuous flow system. The two experimental conditions were control and 0.03% DMSO (v/v). After 72 h of incubation (37 °C), the biofilms were collected and the metabolites were extracted. The extracted metabolites were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experiment was conducted using five replicates on three independent occasions. The GC/MS analysis identified 88 compounds. Among the 88 compounds, the levels of 27 compounds were markedly different between the two groups. The DMSO group exhibited enhanced levels of putrescine and glutathione and decreased levels of methionine and lysine. Additionally, the DMSO group exhibited alterations in 13 metabolic pathways involved in primary and secondary cellular metabolism. Among the 13 altered pathways, seven were downregulated and six were upregulated in the DMSO group. These results indicated a differential intracellular metabolic profile between the untreated and DMSO-treated biofilms. Hence, DMSO was demonstrated to affect the metabolic pathways of C. albicans. These results suggest that DMSO may influence the results of laboratory tests when it is used as a solvent. Hence, the use of DMSO as a solvent must be carefully considered in drug research, as the effect of the researched drugs may not be reliably translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cordeiro Arruda
- Graduate Program on Dentistry, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (M.F.C.A.); (R.C.P.d.S.R.)
| | - Romeu Cassiano Pucci da Silva Ramos
- Graduate Program on Dentistry, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (M.F.C.A.); (R.C.P.d.S.R.)
| | - Nicoly Subtil de Oliveira
- Graduate Program on Animal Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Rosimeire Takaki Rosa
- Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (R.T.R.); (P.M.S.-C.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Patrícia Maria Stuelp-Campelo
- Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (R.T.R.); (P.M.S.-C.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Luiz Fernando Bianchini
- Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (R.T.R.); (P.M.S.-C.); (L.F.B.)
| | | | - Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro Rosa
- Graduate Program on Dentistry, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (M.F.C.A.); (R.C.P.d.S.R.)
- Graduate Program on Animal Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
- Xenobiotics Research Unit, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil; (R.T.R.); (P.M.S.-C.); (L.F.B.)
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2
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El Harati R, Fancello F, Multineddu C, Zara G, Zara S. Screening and In Silico Analyses of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b Bank Mutants Using Citral as a Natural Antimicrobial. Foods 2024; 13:1457. [PMID: 38790757 PMCID: PMC11119076 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial function of citral, one of the main compounds of the essential oils (EO) of the Citrus genus, and widely used by the food industry toward spoilage yeast, was previously proven. In this study, the possible mode of action of citral against yeast cells was evaluated by using a global deletome approach. Firstly, the suitability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Σ1278b to serve as model yeast was assessed by determining its sensitivity to citral (MIC = 0.5 μL/mL). Subsequently, the complete library of Σ1278b haploid mutants deleted in 4019 non-essential genes was screened to identify potential molecular targets of citral. Finally, the deleted genes in the 590 mutants showing increased citral resistance was analyzed with an in-silico approach (Gene Ontology). The significantly enriched GO Terms were "cytoplasm", "vacuole", and "mitochondrion" (cellular components); "catalytic activity" (molecular function); "pseudohyphal growth" (biological process). For molecular function, resistant mutants were grouped into thiosulfate sulfur transferase activity, transferase activity, and oxidoreductase activity; for cellular components, resistant mutants were grouped as: cytoplasm, intracellular organelle, membrane-bounded organelle, mitochondrion, organelle membrane, and vacuole; and finally, with regard to biological process, deleted genes were grouped as: pseudohyphal growth, mitochondrion organization, lipid metabolic process, DNA recombination and repair, and proteolysis. Interestingly, many identified genes were associated with the cellular response to oxidative stress and ROS scavenging. These findings have important implications for the development of citral-based antimicrobials and the elucidation of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Severino Zara
- Department di Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.E.H.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (G.Z.)
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3
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Shi L, Lin W, Cai Y, Chen F, Zhang Q, Liang D, Xiu Y, Lin S, He B. Oxidative Stress-Mediated Repression of Virulence Gene Transcription and Biofilm Formation as Antibacterial Action of Cinnamomum burmannii Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3078. [PMID: 38474323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the chemical compounds of Cinnamomum burmannii leaf essential oil (CBLEO) and to unravel the antibacterial mechanism of CBLEO at the molecular level for developing antimicrobials. CBLEO had 37 volatile compounds with abundant borneol (28.40%) and showed good potential to control foodborne pathogens, of which Staphylococcus aureus had the greatest inhibition zone diameter (28.72 mm) with the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 μg/mL) and bactericidal concentration (2.0 μg/mL). To unravel the antibacterial action of CBLEO on S. aureus, a dynamic exploration of antibacterial growth, material leakage, ROS formation, protein oxidation, cell morphology, and interaction with genome DNA was conducted on S. aureus exposed to CBLEO at different doses (1/2-2×MIC) and times (0-24 h), indicating that CBLEO acts as an inducer for ROS production and the oxidative stress of S. aureus. To highlight the antibacterial action of CBLEO on S. aureus at the molecular level, we performed a comparative association of ROS accumulation with some key virulence-related gene (sigB/agrA/sarA/icaA/cidA/rsbU) transcription, protease production, and biofilm formation in S. aureus subjected to CBLEO at different levels and times, revealing that CBLEO-induced oxidative stress caused transcript suppression of virulence regulators (RsbU and SigB) and its targeted genes, causing a protease level increase destined for the biofilm formation and growth inhibition of S. aureus, which may be a key bactericidal action. Our findings provide valuable information for studying the antibacterial mechanism of essential oil against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dongcheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Boxiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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4
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Chatterjee A, Sepuri NBV. Methionine sulfoxide reductase 2 regulates Cvt autophagic pathway by altering the stability of Atg19 and Ape1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105662. [PMID: 38246354 PMCID: PMC10875273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The reversible oxidation of methionine plays a crucial role in redox regulation of proteins. Methionine oxidation in proteins causes major structural modifications that can destabilize and abrogate their function. The highly conserved methionine sulfoxide reductases protect proteins from oxidative damage by reducing their oxidized methionines, thus restoring their stability and function. Deletion or mutation in conserved methionine sulfoxide reductases leads to aging and several human neurological disorders and also reduces yeast growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. Despite their importance in human health, limited information about their physiological substrates in humans and yeast is available. For the first time, we show that Mxr2 interacts in vivo with two core proteins of the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) autophagy pathway, Atg19, and Ape1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of MXR2 induces instability and early turnover of immature Ape1 and Atg19 proteins and reduces the leucine aminopeptidase activity of Ape1 without affecting the maturation process of Ape1. Additonally, Mxr2 interacts with the immature Ape1, dependent on Met17 present within the propeptide of Ape1 as a single substitution mutation of Met17 to Leu abolishes this interaction. Importantly, Ape1 M17L mutant protein resists oxidative stress-induced degradation in WT and mxr2Δ cells. By identifying Atg19 and Ape1 as cytosolic substrates of Mxr2, our study maps the hitherto unexplored connection between Mxr2 and the Cvt autophagy pathway and sheds light on Mxr2-dependent oxidative regulation of the Cvt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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5
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Gonzalez LN, Cabeza MS, Robello C, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA, Arias DG. Biochemical characterization of GAF domain of free-R-methionine sulfoxide reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochimie 2023; 213:190-204. [PMID: 37423556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas Disease and is a unicellular parasite that infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts. The parasite exhibits auxotrophy by L-Met; consequently, it must be acquired from the extracellular environment of the host, either mammalian or invertebrate. Methionine (Met) oxidation produces a racemic mixture (R and S forms) of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO). Reduction of L-MetSO (free or protein-bound) to L-Met is catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs). Bioinformatics analyses identified the coding sequence for a free-R-MSR (fRMSR) enzyme in the genome of T. cruzi Dm28c. Structurally, this enzyme is a modular protein with a putative N-terminal GAF domain linked to a C-terminal TIP41 motif. We performed detailed biochemical and kinetic characterization of the GAF domain of fRMSR in combination with mutant versions of specific cysteine residues, namely, Cys12, Cys98, Cys108, and Cys132. The isolated recombinant GAF domain and full-length fRMSR exhibited specific catalytic activity for the reduction of free L-Met(R)SO (non-protein bound), using tryparedoxins as reducing partners. We demonstrated that this process involves two Cys residues, Cys98 and Cys132. Cys132 is the essential catalytic residue on which a sulfenic acid intermediate is formed. Cys98 is the resolutive Cys, which forms a disulfide bond with Cys132 as a catalytic step. Overall, our results provide new insights into redox metabolism in T. cruzi, contributing to previous knowledge of L-Met metabolism in this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihue N Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías S Cabeza
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Hospedero Patógeno/UBM, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego G Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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6
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Anselmi S, Carvalho ATP, Serrano-Sanchez A, Ortega-Roldan JL, Caswell J, Omar I, Perez-Ortiz G, Barry SM, Moody TS, Castagnolo D. Discovery and Rational Mutagenesis of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Biocatalysts To Expand the Substrate Scope of the Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Sulfoxides. ACS Catal 2023; 13:4742-4751. [PMID: 37066047 PMCID: PMC10088026 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) enzymes have recently found applications as nonoxidative biocatalysts in the enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides. This work describes the identification of selective and robust MsrA biocatalysts able to catalyze the enantioselective reduction of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic chiral sulfoxides at 8-64 mM concentration with high yields and excellent ees (up to 99%). Moreover, with the aim to expand the substrate scope of MsrA biocatalysts, a library of mutant enzymes has been designed via rational mutagenesis utilizing in silico docking, molecular dynamics, and structural nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. The mutant enzyme MsrA33 was found to catalyze the kinetic resolution of bulky sulfoxide substrates bearing non-methyl substituents on the sulfur atom with ees up to 99%, overcoming a significant limitation of the currently available MsrA biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Anselmi
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U. K.
| | - Alexandra T. P. Carvalho
- Department
of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U. K.
| | | | | | - Jill Caswell
- Department
of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U. K.
| | - Iman Omar
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U. K.
- Faculty
of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, U. K.
| | - Gustavo Perez-Ortiz
- Faculty
of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, U. K.
| | - Sarah M. Barry
- Faculty
of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, U. K.
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Department
of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, U. K.
- Arran
Chemical Company Limited, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone,
Co., Roscommon N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, U. K.
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7
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Schepers J, Carter Z, Kritsiligkou P, Grant CM. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Suppress the Formation of the [ PSI+] Prion and Protein Aggregation in Yeast. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020401. [PMID: 36829961 PMCID: PMC9952077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions are self-propagating, misfolded forms of proteins associated with various neurodegenerative diseases in mammals and heritable traits in yeast. How prions form spontaneously into infectious amyloid-like structures without underlying genetic changes is poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that methionine oxidation may underlie the switch from a soluble protein to the prion form. In this current study, we have examined the role of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MXRs) in protecting against de novo formation of the yeast [PSI+] prion, which is the amyloid form of the Sup35 translation termination factor. We show that [PSI+] formation is increased during normal and oxidative stress conditions in mutants lacking either one of the yeast MXRs (Mxr1, Mxr2), which protect against methionine oxidation by reducing the two epimers of methionine-S-sulfoxide. We have identified a methionine residue (Met124) in Sup35 that is important for prion formation, confirming that direct Sup35 oxidation causes [PSI+] prion formation. [PSI+] formation was less pronounced in mutants simultaneously lacking both MXR isoenzymes, and we show that the morphology and biophysical properties of protein aggregates are altered in this mutant. Taken together, our data indicate that methionine oxidation triggers spontaneous [PSI+] prion formation, which can be alleviated by methionine sulfoxide reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schepers
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zorana Carter
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paraskevi Kritsiligkou
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris M. Grant
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence:
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8
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Tarrago L, Kaya A, Kim HY, Manta B, Lee BC, Gladyshev VN. The selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:228-240. [PMID: 36084791 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetO), which exist as R- and S-diastereomers. Present in all three domains of life, methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSR) are the enzymes that reduce MetO back to Met. Most characterized among them are MSRA and MSRB, which are strictly stereospecific for the S- and R-diastereomers of MetO, respectively. While the majority of MSRs use a catalytic Cys to reduce their substrates, some employ selenocysteine. This is the case of mammalian MSRB1, which was initially discovered as selenoprotein SELR or SELX and later was found to exhibit an MSRB activity. Genomic analyses demonstrated its occurrence in most animal lineages, and biochemical and structural analyses uncovered its catalytic mechanism. The use of transgenic mice and mammalian cell culture revealed its physiological importance in the protection against oxidative stress, maintenance of neuronal cells, cognition, cancer cell proliferation, and the immune response. Coincident with the discovery of Met oxidizing MICAL enzymes, recent findings of MSRB1 regulating the innate immunity response through reversible stereospecific Met-R-oxidation of cytoskeletal actin opened up new avenues for biological importance of MSRB1 and its role in disease. In this review, we discuss the current state of research on MSRB1, compare it with other animal Msrs, and offer a perspective on further understanding of biological functions of this selenoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno Manta
- Laboratorio de Genomica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11440, Montevideo, Uruguay; Catedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Las Heras 1925, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Byung-Cheon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA.
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9
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Savino RJ, Kempisty B, Mozdziak P. The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine. Molecules 2022; 27:3679. [PMID: 35744804 PMCID: PMC9230714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an amino acid long thought to be essential, but only in the case of protein synthesis initiation. In more recent years, methionine has been found to play an important role in antioxidant defense, stability, and modulation of cell and protein activity. Though these findings have expanded the previously held sentiment of methionine having a singular purpose within cells and proteins, the essential nature of methionine can still be challenged. Many of the features that give methionine its newfound functions are shared by the other sulfur-containing amino acid: cysteine. While the antioxidant, stabilizing, and cell/protein modulatory functions of cysteine have already been well established, recent findings have shown a similar hydrophobicity to methionine which suggests cysteine may be able to replace methionine in all functions outside of protein synthesis initiation with little effect on cell and protein function. Furthermore, a number of novel mechanisms for alternative initiation of protein synthesis have been identified that suggest a potential to bypass the traditional methionine-dependent initiation during times of stress. In this review, these findings are discussed with a number of examples that demonstrate a potential model for synthesizing a protein in the absence of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Savino
- Prestige Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestige Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.K.); (P.M.)
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestige Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (B.K.); (P.M.)
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10
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Wang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Zhou M, Ding M, Yuan Y. Construction of synthetic microbial consortia for 2-keto-L-gulonic acid biosynthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:481-489. [PMID: 34977392 PMCID: PMC8671096 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the establishment of synthetic microbial consortia with rational strategies has gained extensive attention, becoming one of the important frontiers of synthetic biology. Systems biology can offer insights into the design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia. Taking the high-efficiency production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG) as an example, we constructed a synthetic microbial consortium “Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Ketogulonigenium vulgare” based on systems biology analysis. In the consortium, K. vulgare was the 2-KLG producing strain, and S. cerevisiae acted as the helper strain. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on an engineered S. cerevisiae (VTC2) and a wild-type S. cerevisiae BY4741. The results showed that the up-regulated genes in VTC2, compared with BY4741, were mainly involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, purine metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids, B vitamins, and antioxidant proteases, all of which play important roles in promoting the growth of K. vulgare. Furthermore, Vitamin C produced by VTC2 could further relieve the oxidative stress in the environment to increase the production of 2-KLG. Therefore, VTC2 would be of great advantage in working with K. vulgare. Thus, the synthetic microbial consortium "VTC2-K. vulgare" was constructed based on transcriptomics analyses, and the accumulation of 2-KLG was increased by 1.49-fold compared with that of mono-cultured K. vulgare, reaching 13.2 ± 0.52 g/L. In addition, the increased production of 2-KLG was accompanied by the up-regulated activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the medium and the up-regulated oxidative stress-related genes (sod, cat and gpd) in K. vulgare. The results indicated that the oxidative stress in the synthetic microbial consortium was efficiently reduced. Thus, systems analysis confirmed a favorable symbiotic relationship between microorganisms, providing guidance for further engineering synthetic consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hengchang Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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11
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SHUKURLU Y, SALMANOVA A, SHARIFOVA M. Biotechnological aspects of the modification of secondary collagen-containing raw materials – tripe for the production of cost-effective functional meat products. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.85521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusif SHUKURLU
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan
| | - Ayshen SALMANOVA
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan
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12
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Hage H, Rosso MN, Tarrago L. Distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi and conservation of the free-methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase in multicellular eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:187-215. [PMID: 33865960 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methionine, either as a free amino acid or included in proteins, can be oxidized into methionine sulfoxide (MetO), which exists as R and S diastereomers. Almost all characterized organisms possess thiol-oxidoreductases named methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes to reduce MetO back to Met. MsrA and MsrB reduce the S and R diastereomers of MetO, respectively, with strict stereospecificity and are found in almost all organisms. Another type of thiol-oxidoreductase, the free-methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (fRMsr), identified so far in prokaryotes and a few unicellular eukaryotes, reduces the R MetO diastereomer of the free amino acid. Moreover, some bacteria possess molybdenum-containing enzymes that reduce MetO, either in the free or protein-bound forms. All these Msrs play important roles in the protection of organisms against oxidative stress. Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes that colonize all niches on Earth and play fundamental functions, in organic matter recycling, as symbionts, or as pathogens of numerous organisms. However, our knowledge on fungal Msrs is still limited. Here, we performed a survey of msr genes in almost 700 genomes across the fungal kingdom. We show that most fungi possess one gene coding for each type of methionine sulfoxide reductase: MsrA, MsrB, and fRMsr. However, several fungi living in anaerobic environments or as obligate intracellular parasites were devoid of msr genes. Sequence inspection and phylogenetic analyses allowed us to identify non-canonical sequences with potentially novel enzymatic properties. Finaly, we identified several ocurences of msr horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Hage
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Rosso
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Tarrago
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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13
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Nair SS, Chauhan TKS, Kumawat M, Sarkhel R, Apoorva S, Shome A, Athira V, Kumar B, Abhishek, Mahawar M. Deletion of both methionine sulfoxide reductase A and methionine sulfoxide reductase C genes renders Salmonella Typhimurium highly susceptible to hypochlorite stress and poultry macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3195-3203. [PMID: 33954903 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium survives and replicates inside the oxidative environment of phagocytic cells. Proteins, because of their composition and location, are the foremost targets of host inflammatory response. Among others, Met-residues are highly prone to oxidation. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), with the help of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase, can repair oxidized methionine (Met-SO) residues to Met. There are four methionine sulfoxide reductases localized in the cytosol of S. Typhimurium, MsrA, MsrB, MsrC and BisC. MsrA repairs both protein-bound and free 'S' Met-SO, MsrB repairs protein-bound 'R' Met-SO, MsrC repairs free 'R' Met-SO and BisC repairs free 'S' Met-SO. To assess the role(s) of various Msrs in Salmonella, few studies have been conducted by utilizing ΔmsrA, ΔmsrB, ΔmsrC, ΔmsrAΔmsrB, ΔmsrBΔmsrC and ΔbisC mutant strains of S. Typhimurium. Out of the above-mentioned mutants, ΔmsrA and ΔmsrC were found to play important role in the stress survival of this bacterium; however, the combined roles of these two genes have not been determined. In the current study, we have generated msrAmsrC double gene deletion strain (ΔmsrAΔmsrC) of S. Typhimurium and evaluated the effect of gene deletions on the survival of Salmonella against hypochlorite stress and intramacrophage replication. In in vitro growth curve analysis, ΔmsrAΔmsrC mutant strain showed a longer lag phase during the initial stages of the growth; however, it attained similar growth as the wild type strain of S. Typhimurium after 5 h. The ΔmsrAΔmsrC mutant strain has been highly (~ 3000 folds more) sensitive (p < 0.001) to hypochlorite stress. Further, ΔmsrA and ΔmsrAΔmsrC mutant strains showed more than 8 and 26 folds more susceptibility to poultry macrophages, respectively. Our data suggest that the deletion of both msrA and msrC genes severely affect the oxidative stress survival and intramacrophage proliferation of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumawat
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Ratanti Sarkhel
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Shekhar Apoorva
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Arijit Shome
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - V Athira
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
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14
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Choi DW, Roh YJ, Kim S, Lee HM, Kim M, Shin D, Park JH, Cho Y, Park HH, Ok YS, Kang D, Kim JH, Tarrago L, Danial NN, Gladyshev VN, Min PK, Lee BC. Development of a novel fluorescent biosensor for dynamic monitoring of metabolic methionine redox status in cells and tissues. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113031. [PMID: 33571808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to tissue damage accumulation, which is associated with a myriad of human pathologies. Although several sensors have been developed for ROS quantification, their applications for ROS-related human physiologies and pathologies still remain problematic due to the unstable nature of ROS. Herein, we developed Trx1-cpYFP-fRMsr (TYfR), a genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensor with the remarkable specificity and sensitivity toward fMetRO (free Methionine-R-sulfoxide), allowing for dynamic quantification of physiological levels of fMetRO, a novel indicator of ROS and methionine redox status in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, using the sensor, we observed a significant fMetRO enrichment in serum from patients with acute coronary syndrome, one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases, which becomes more evident following percutaneous coronary intervention. Collectively, this study proposes that fMetRO is a novel biomarker of tissue damage accumulation in ROS-associated human pathologies, and that TYfR is a promising tool for quantifying fMetRO with potentials in versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yongmin Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Lionel Tarrago
- INRAE, Aix Marseille University, BBF, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pil-Ki Min
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Sun T, Li X, Song W, Yu S, Wang L, Ding C, Xu Y. Metabolomic alterations associated with copper stress in Cryptococcus neoformans. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:305-316. [PMID: 33635120 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Copper stress is an effective host strategy in resisting the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. We studied metabolic changes in C. neoformans under copper stress. Materials & methods: Wild-type and metallothionein-null C. neoformans were treated with copper on agar containing glucose, glycerol or ethanol as the carbon source and their metabolites were analyzed by untarget metabolomics strategy using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: The metabolic profile of C. neoformans varied in the presence and absence of copper. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially abundant metabolites were related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. C. neoformans grown on glycerol or ethanol resisted copper toxicity better than C. neoformans grown on glucose. Conclusion: Copper stress alters the metabolic profile of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Sun
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe & Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe & Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe & Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe & Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life & Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe & Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research & Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China
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16
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Sasoni N, Hartman MD, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA, Arias DG. Functional characterization of methionine sulfoxide reductases from Leptospira interrogans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140575. [PMID: 33242654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine (Met) oxidation leads to a racemic mixture of R and S forms of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO). Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) are enzymes that can reduce specifically each isomer of MetSO, both free and protein-bound. The Met oxidation could change the structure and function of many proteins, not only of those redox-related but also of others involved in different metabolic pathways. Until now, there is no information about the presence or function of Msrs enzymes in Leptospira interrogans. METHODS We identified genes coding for putative MsrAs (A1 and A2) and MsrB in L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 genome project. From these, we obtained the recombinant proteins and performed their functional characterization. RESULTS The recombinant L. interrogans MsrB catalyzed the reduction of Met(R)SO using glutaredoxin and thioredoxin as reducing substrates and behaves like a 1-Cys Msr (without resolutive Cys residue). It was able to partially revert the in vitro HClO-dependent inactivation of L. interrogans catalase. Both recombinant MsrAs reduced Met(S)SO, being the recycle mediated by the thioredoxin system. LinMsrAs were more efficient than LinMsrB for free and protein-bound MetSO reduction. Besides, LinMsrAs are enzymes involving a Cys triad in their catalytic mechanism. LinMsrs showed a dual localization, both in cytoplasm and periplasm. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This article brings new knowledge about redox metabolism in L. interrogans. Our results support the occurrence of a metabolic pathway involved in the critical function of repairing oxidized macromolecules in this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sasoni
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías D Hartman
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego G Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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17
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Sánchez‐López C, Labadie N, Lombardo VA, Biglione FA, Manta B, Jacob RS, Gladyshev VN, Abdelilah‐Seyfried S, Selenko P, Binolfi A. An NMR‐Based Biosensor to Measure Stereospecific Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Activities in Vitro and in Vivo**. Chemistry 2020; 26:14838-14843. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sánchez‐López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR) Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Natalia Labadie
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR) Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Verónica A. Lombardo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR) Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI) Universidad Nacional de Rosario 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Franco A. Biglione
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR) Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario Argentina
| | - Bruno Manta
- Division of Genetics Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de la República CP 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Reeba Susan Jacob
- Department of Biological Regulation Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street 761000 Rehovot Israel
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Salim Abdelilah‐Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Potsdam University 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology Hannover Medical School 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department of Biological Regulation Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street 761000 Rehovot Israel
| | - Andres Binolfi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR) Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario Argentina
- Plataforma Argentina de Biología EstructuralyMetabolómica (PLABEM) Ocampo y Esmeralda 2000 Rosario Argentina
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18
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Arias DG, Cabeza MS, Echarren ML, Faral-Tello P, Iglesias AA, Robello C, Guerrero SA. On the functionality of a methionine sulfoxide reductase B from Trypanosoma cruzi. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:96-114. [PMID: 32682073 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine is an amino acid susceptible to be oxidized to give a racemic mixture of R and S forms of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO). This posttranslational modification has been reported to occur in vivo under either normal or stress conditions. The reduction of MetSO to methionine is catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs), thiol-dependent enzymes present in almost all organisms. These enzymes can reduce specifically one or another of the isomers of MetSO (free and protein-bound). This redox modification could change the structure and function of many proteins, either concerned in redox or other metabolic pathways. The study of antioxidant systems in Trypanosoma cruzi has been mainly focused on the involvement of trypanothione, a specific redox component for these organisms. Though, little information is available concerning mechanisms for repairing oxidized methionine residues in proteins, which would be relevant for the survival of these pathogens in the different stages of their life cycle. METHODS We report an in vitro functional and in vivo cellular characterization of methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MSRB, specific for protein-bound MetSO R-enantiomer) from T. cruzi strain Dm28c. RESULTS MSRB exhibited both cytosolic and mitochondrial localization in epimastigote cells. From assays involving parasites overexpressing MSRB, we observed the contribution of this protein to increase the general resistance against oxidative damage, the infectivity of trypomastigote cells, and intracellular replication of the amastigote stage. Also, we report that epimastigotes overexpressing MSRB exhibit inhibition of the metacyclogenesis process; this suggesting the involvement of the proteins as negative modulators in this cellular differentiation. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This report contributes to novel insights concerning redox metabolism in T. cruzi. Results herein presented support the importance of enzymatic steps involved in the metabolism of L-Met and in repairing oxidized macromolecules in this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Matías S Cabeza
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María L Echarren
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paula Faral-Tello
- Laboratorio de Interacción Hospedero-Patógeno, UBM, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Laboratorio de Interacción Hospedero-Patógeno, UBM, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica - Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular - Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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19
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Wohlgemuth F, Gomes RL, Singleton I, Rawson FJ, Avery SV. Top-Down Characterization of an Antimicrobial Sanitizer, Leading From Quenchers of Efficacy to Mode of Action. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575157. [PMID: 33101251 PMCID: PMC7546784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a top-down strategy to characterize an antimicrobial, oxidizing sanitizer, which has diverse proposed applications including surface-sanitization of fresh foods, and with benefits for water resilience. The strategy involved finding quenchers of antimicrobial activity then antimicrobial mode of action, by identifying key chemical reaction partners starting from complex matrices, narrowing down reactivity to specific organic molecules within cells. The sanitizer electrolyzed-water (EW) retained partial fungicidal activity against the food-spoilage fungus Aspergillus niger at high levels of added soils (30–750 mg mL–1), commonly associated with harvested produce. Soil with high organic load (98 mg g–1) gave stronger EW inactivation. Marked inactivation by a complex organics mix (YEPD medium) was linked to its protein-rich components. Addition of pure proteins or amino acids (≤1 mg mL–1) fully suppressed EW activity. Mechanism was interrogated further with the yeast model, corroborating marked suppression of EW action by the amino acid methionine. Pre-culture with methionine increased resistance to EW, sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine-free ozonated water. Overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductases (which reduce oxidized methionine) protected against EW. Fluoroprobe-based analyses indicated that methionine and cysteine inactivate free chlorine species in EW. Intracellular methionine oxidation can disturb cellular FeS-clusters and we showed that EW treatment impairs FeS-enzyme activity. The study establishes the value of a top-down approach for multi-level characterization of sanitizer efficacy and action. The results reveal proteins and amino acids as key quenchers of EW activity and, among the amino acids, the importance of methionine oxidation and FeS-cluster damage for antimicrobial mode-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Singleton
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon V Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Reduction of Protein Bound Methionine Sulfoxide by a Periplasmic Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070616. [PMID: 32674377 PMCID: PMC7402097 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In proteins, methionine (Met) can be oxidized into Met sulfoxide (MetO). The ubiquitous methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) A and B are thiol-oxidoreductases reducing MetO. Reversible Met oxidation has a wide range of consequences, from protection against oxidative stress to fine-tuned regulation of protein functions. Bacteria distinguish themselves by the production of molybdenum-containing enzymes reducing MetO, such as the periplasmic MsrP which protects proteins during acute oxidative stress. The versatile dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductases were shown to reduce the free amino acid MetO, but their ability to reduce MetO within proteins was never evaluated. Here, using model oxidized proteins and peptides, enzymatic and mass spectrometry approaches, we showed that the Rhodobacter sphaeroides periplasmic DorA-type DMSO reductase reduces protein bound MetO as efficiently as the free amino acid L-MetO and with catalytic values in the range of those described for the canonical Msrs. The identification of this fourth type of enzyme able to reduce MetO in proteins, conserved across proteobacteria and actinobacteria, suggests that organisms employ enzymatic systems yet undiscovered to regulate protein oxidation states.
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21
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Iwaoka M, Mitsuji T, Shinozaki R. Oxidative folding pathways of bovine milk β-lactoglobulin with odd cysteine residues. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1379-1391. [PMID: 31087497 PMCID: PMC6668375 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine β‐lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major whey protein with unique structural characteristics: it possesses a free Cys thiol (SH) and two disulfide (SS) bonds and consists of a β‐barrel core surrounded by one long and several short α helices. Although SS‐intact conformational folding has been studied in depth, the oxidative folding pathways and accompanying SS formation/rearrangement are poorly understood. In this study, we used trans‐3,4‐dihydroxyselenolane oxide, a water‐soluble selenoxide reagent which undergoes rapid and quantitative SS formation, to determine the oxidative folding pathways of BLG variant A (BLGA) at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. This was done by characterizing two key one‐SS intermediates, a particular folding intermediate having a Cys66–Cys160 SS bond (I‐1) and a particular folding intermediate having a Cys106–Cys119 SS bond (I‐2), which have a native Cys66–Cys160 and Cys106–Cys119 SS bond, respectively. In the major folding pathway, the reduced protein (R) with abundant α helices was oxidized to I‐1, which was then transformed to I‐2 through SS rearrangement. The native protein (N) was formed by oxidation of I‐2. The redundant Cys121 thiol facilitates SS rearrangement. N is also generated from an ensemble of folding intermediates having two SS bonds (2SS) intermediates with scrambled SS bonds through SS rearrangement, but this minor pathway is deteriorative due to aggregation or overoxidation of 2SS. During oxidative folding of BLGA, α→β conformational transition occurred as previously observed in SS‐intact folding. These findings are informative not only for elucidating oxidative folding pathways of other members of the β‐lactoglobulin family, but also for understanding the roles of a redundant Cys thiol in the oxidative folding process of a protein with odd Cys residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Iwaoka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reina Shinozaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Makukhin N, Havelka V, Poláchová E, Rampírová P, Tarallo V, Strisovsky K, Míšek J. Resolving oxidative damage to methionine by an unexpected membrane-associated stereoselective reductase discovered using chiral fluorescent probes. FEBS J 2019; 286:4024-4035. [PMID: 31166082 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonenzymatic oxidative processes in living organisms are among the inevitable consequences of respiration and environmental conditions. These oxidative processes can lead to the formation of two stereoisomers (R and S) of methionine sulfoxide, and the redox balance between methionine and methionine sulfoxide in proteins has profound implications on their function. Methionine oxidation can be reverted enzymatically by methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs). The two enzyme classes known to fulfill this role are MsrA, reducing the (S)-isomer, and MsrB, reducing the (R)-isomer of methionine sulfoxide. They are strictly stereoselective and conserved throughout the tree of life. Under stress conditions such as stationary phase and nutrient starvation, Escherichia coli upregulates the expression of MsrA but a similar effect has not been described for MsrB, raising the conundrum of which pathway enables reduction of the (R)-isomer of methionine sulfoxide in these conditions. Using the recently developed chiral fluorescent probes Sulfox-1, we show that in stationary phase-stressed E. coli, MsrA does have a stereocomplementary activity reducing the (R)-isomer of methionine sulfoxide. However, this activity is not provided by MsrB as expected, but instead by the DMSO reductase complex DmsABC, widely conserved in bacteria. This finding reveals an unexpected diversity in the metabolic enzymes of redox regulation concerning methionine, which should be taken into account in any antibacterial strategies exploiting oxidative stress. DATABASE: The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD013610.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Makukhin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Havelka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Poláchová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Rampírová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vincenzo Tarallo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kvido Strisovsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Míšek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Rhodobacter sphaeroides methionine sulfoxide reductase P reduces R- and S-diastereomers of methionine sulfoxide from a broad-spectrum of protein substrates. Biochem J 2018; 475:3779-3795. [PMID: 30389844 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is prone to oxidation and can be converted to Met sulfoxide (MetO), which exists as R- and S-diastereomers. MetO can be reduced back to Met by the ubiquitous methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes. Canonical MsrA and MsrB were shown to be absolutely stereospecific for the reduction of S-diastereomer and R-diastereomer, respectively. Recently, a new enzymatic system, MsrQ/MsrP which is conserved in all gram-negative bacteria, was identified as a key actor for the reduction of oxidized periplasmic proteins. The haem-binding membrane protein MsrQ transmits reducing power from the electron transport chains to the molybdoenzyme MsrP, which acts as a protein-MetO reductase. The MsrQ/MsrP function was well established genetically, but the identity and biochemical properties of MsrP substrates remain unknown. In this work, using the purified MsrP enzyme from the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides as a model, we show that it can reduce a broad spectrum of protein substrates. The most efficiently reduced MetO is found in clusters, in amino acid sequences devoid of threonine and proline on the C-terminal side. Moreover, R. sphaeroides MsrP lacks stereospecificity as it can reduce both R- and S-diastereomers of MetO, similarly to its Escherichia coli homolog, and preferentially acts on unfolded oxidized proteins. Overall, these results provide important insights into the function of a bacterial envelop protecting system, which should help understand how bacteria cope in harmful environments.
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24
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Le DT, Nguyen KL, Chu HD, Vu NT, Pham TTL, Tran LSP. Function of the evolutionarily conserved plant methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase without the catalytic residue. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1741-1750. [PMID: 29808313 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, two types of methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) exist, namely methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MSRA) and methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MSRB). These enzymes catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxides (MetO) back to methionine (Met) by a catalytic cysteine (Cys) and one or two resolving Cys residues. Interestingly, a group of MSRA encoded by plant genomes does not have a catalytic residue. We asked that if this group of MSRA did not have any function (as fitness), why it was not lost during the evolutionary process. To challenge this question, we analyzed the gene family encoding MSRA in soybean (GmMSRAs). We found seven genes encoding GmMSRAs, which included three segmental duplicated pairs. Among them, a pair of duplicated genes, namely GmMSRA1 and GmMSRA6, was without a catalytic Cys residue. Pseudogenes were ruled out as their transcripts were detected in various tissues and their Ka/Ks ratio indicated a negative selection pressure. In vivo analysis in Δ3MSR yeast strain indicated that the GmMSRA6 did not have activity toward MetO, contrasting to GmMSRA3 which had catalytic Cys and had activity. When exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, GmMSRA6 did not confer any protection to the Δ3MSR yeast strain. Overexpression of GmMSRA6 in Arabidopsis thaliana did not alter the plant's phenotype under physiological conditions. However, the transgenic plants exhibited slightly higher sensitivity toward salinity-induced stress. Taken together, this data suggested that the plant MSRAs without the catalytic Cys are not enzymatically active and their existence may be explained by a role in regulating plant MSR activity via dominant-negative substrate competition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Le
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- DEKALB Viet Nam Company Limited (a Monsanto Company), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Tuan Vu
- The Metabolic Network Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thu Thi Ly Pham
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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25
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Expression of the methionine sulfoxide reductase lost during evolution extends Drosophila lifespan in a methionine-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1010. [PMID: 29343716 PMCID: PMC5798039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidized amino acids, including methionine, has been implicated in aging. The ability to reduce one of the products of methionine oxidation, free methionine-R-sulfoxide (Met-R-SO), is widespread in microorganisms, but during evolution this function, conferred by the enzyme fRMsr, was lost in metazoa. We examined whether restoration of the fRMsr function in an animal can alleviate the consequences of methionine oxidation. Ectopic expression of yeast fRMsr supported the ability of Drosophila to catalyze free Met-R-SO reduction without affecting fecundity, food consumption, and response to starvation. fRMsr expression also increased resistance to oxidative stress. Moreover, it extended lifespan of flies in a methionine-dependent manner. Thus, expression of an oxidoreductase lost during evolution can enhance metabolic and redox functions and lead to an increase in lifespan in an animal model. More broadly, our study exposes the potential of a combination of genetic and nutritional strategies in lifespan control.
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26
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Tarrago L, Oheix E, Péterfi Z, Gladyshev VN. Monitoring of Methionine Sulfoxide Content and Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1661:285-299. [PMID: 28917052 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7258-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur-containing amino acid methionine (Met) plays critical roles in protein synthesis, methylation, and sulfur metabolism. Both in its free form and in the form of an amino acid residue, it can be oxidized to the R and S diastereomers of methionine sulfoxide (MetO). Organisms evolved methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) to reduce MetO to Met, with the MSRs type A (MSRA) and type B (MSRB) being specific for the S and R forms of MetO, respectively. In mammals, the selenoprotein MSRB1 plays an important protein repair function, and its expression is tightly regulated by dietary selenium. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for determining the concentration of protein-based Met-R-O and its analysis in HEK293 cells using a genetically encoded ratiometric fluorescent biosensor MetROx. We also describe the procedure for quantifying MSR activities in cell extracts using specific substrates and a reverse phase HPLC-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), 13108, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. .,UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France. .,Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Emmanuel Oheix
- Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Zalán Péterfi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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27
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El Enshasy HA, El Marzugi NA, Elsayed EA, Ling OM, Malek RA, Kepli AN, Othman NZ, Ramli S. Medical and Cosmetic Applications of Fungal Nanotechnology: Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity. FUNGAL NANOBIONICS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS 2018:21-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8666-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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28
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Guerrero SA, Arias DG, Cabeza MS, Law MCY, D'Amico M, Kumar A, Wilkinson SR. Functional characterisation of the methionine sulfoxide reductase repertoire in Trypanosoma brucei. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:524-533. [PMID: 28865997 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To combat the deleterious effects that oxidation of the sulfur atom in methionine to sulfoxide may bring, aerobic cells express repair pathways involving methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) to reverse the above reaction. Here, we show that Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, expresses two distinct trypanothione-dependent MSRs that can be distinguished from each other based on sequence, sub-cellular localisation and substrate preference. One enzyme found in the parasite's cytosol, shows homology to the MSRA family of repair proteins and preferentially metabolises the S epimer of methionine sulfoxide. The second, which contains sequence motifs present in MSRBs, is restricted to the mitochondrion and can only catalyse reduction of the R form of peptide-bound methionine sulfoxide. The importance of these proteins to the parasite was demonstrated using functional genomic-based approaches to produce cells with reduced or elevated expression levels of MSRA, which exhibited altered susceptibility to exogenous H2O2. These findings identify new reparative pathways that function to fix oxidatively damaged methionine within this medically important parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Guerrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego G Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matias S Cabeza
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Michelle C Y Law
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maria D'Amico
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ambika Kumar
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Shane R Wilkinson
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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29
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Allan KM, Loberg MA, Chepngeno J, Hurtig JE, Tripathi S, Kang MG, Allotey JK, Widdershins AH, Pilat JM, Sizek HJ, Murphy WJ, Naticchia MR, David JB, Morano KA, West JD. Trapping redox partnerships in oxidant-sensitive proteins with a small, thiol-reactive cross-linker. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:356-366. [PMID: 27816612 PMCID: PMC5154803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A broad range of redox-regulated proteins undergo reversible disulfide bond formation on oxidation-prone cysteine residues. Heightened reactivity of the thiol groups in these cysteines also increases susceptibility to modification by organic electrophiles, a property that can be exploited in the study of redox networks. Here, we explored whether divinyl sulfone (DVSF), a thiol-reactive bifunctional electrophile, cross-links oxidant-sensitive proteins to their putative redox partners in cells. To test this idea, previously identified oxidant targets involved in oxidant defense (namely, peroxiredoxins, methionine sulfoxide reductases, sulfiredoxin, and glutathione peroxidases), metabolism, and proteostasis were monitored for cross-link formation following treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with DVSF. Several proteins screened, including multiple oxidant defense proteins, underwent intermolecular and/or intramolecular cross-linking in response to DVSF. Specific redox-active cysteines within a subset of DVSF targets were found to influence cross-linking; in addition, DVSF-mediated cross-linking of its targets was impaired in cells first exposed to oxidants. Since cross-linking appeared to involve redox-active cysteines in these proteins, we examined whether potential redox partners became cross-linked to them upon DVSF treatment. Specifically, we found that several substrates of thioredoxins were cross-linked to the cytosolic thioredoxin Trx2 in cells treated with DVSF. However, other DVSF targets, like the peroxiredoxin Ahp1, principally formed intra-protein cross-links upon DVSF treatment. Moreover, additional protein targets, including several known to undergo S-glutathionylation, were conjugated via DVSF to glutathione. Our results indicate that DVSF is of potential use as a chemical tool for irreversibly trapping and discovering thiol-based redox partnerships within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Allan
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Matthew A Loberg
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer E Hurtig
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Susmit Tripathi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Min Goo Kang
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan K Allotey
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Afton H Widdershins
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Herbert J Sizek
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Wesley J Murphy
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Matthew R Naticchia
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Joseph B David
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James D West
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States.
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30
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes Encoding Methionine-Rich Proteins in Arabidopsis and Soybean Suggesting Their Roles in the Adaptation of Plants to Abiotic Stress. Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:5427062. [PMID: 27635394 PMCID: PMC5007304 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5427062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation and reduction of methionine (Met) play important roles in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signaling in living organisms. To understand the impacts of Met oxidation and reduction in plants during stress, we surveyed the genomes of Arabidopsis and soybean (Glycine max L.) for genes encoding Met-rich proteins (MRPs). We found 121 and 213 genes encoding MRPs in Arabidopsis and soybean, respectively. Gene annotation indicated that those with known function are involved in vital cellular processes such as transcriptional control, calcium signaling, protein modification, and metal transport. Next, we analyzed the transcript levels of MRP-coding genes under normal and stress conditions. We found that 57 AtMRPs were responsive either to drought or to high salinity stress in Arabidopsis; 35 GmMRPs were responsive to drought in the leaf of late vegetative or early reproductive stages of soybean. Among the MRP genes with a known function, the majority of the abiotic stress-responsive genes are involved in transcription control and calcium signaling. Finally, Arabidopsis plant which overexpressed an MRP-coding gene, whose transcripts were downregulated by abiotic stress, was more sensitive to paraquat than the control. Taken together, our report indicates that MRPs participate in various vital processes of plants under normal and stress conditions.
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31
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Péterfi Z, Tarrago L, Gladyshev VN. Practical guide for dynamic monitoring of protein oxidation using genetically encoded ratiometric fluorescent biosensors of methionine sulfoxide. Methods 2016; 109:149-157. [PMID: 27345570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In cells, physiological and pathophysiological conditions may lead to the formation of methionine sulfoxide (MetO). This oxidative modification of methionine exists in the form of two diastereomers, R and S, and may occur in both free amino acid and proteins. MetO is reduced back to methionine by methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs). Methionine oxidation was thought to be a nonspecific modification affecting protein functions and methionine availability. However, recent findings suggest that cyclic methionine oxidation and reduction is a posttranslational modification that actively regulates protein function akin to redox regulation by cysteine oxidation and phosphorylation. Methionine oxidation is thus an important mechanism that could play out in various physiological contexts. However, detecting MetO generation and MSR functions remains challenging because of the lack of tools and reagents to detect and quantify this protein modification. We recently developed two genetically encoded diasterospecific fluorescent sensors, MetSOx and MetROx, to dynamically monitor MetO in living cells. Here, we provide a detailed procedure for their use in bacterial and mammalian cells using fluorimetric and fluorescent imaging approaches. This method can be adapted to dynamically monitor methionine oxidation in various cell types and under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Péterfi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lionel Tarrago
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
The molecular basis by which fungal and mammalian prions arise spontaneously is poorly understood. A number of different environmental stress conditions are known to increase the frequency of yeast [PSI(+)] prion formation in agreement with the idea that conditions which cause protein misfolding may promote the conversion of normally soluble proteins to their amyloid forms. A recent study from our laboratory has shown that the de novo formation of the [PSI(+)] prion is significantly increased in yeast mutants lacking key antioxidants suggesting that endogenous reactive oxygen species are sufficient to promote prion formation. Our findings strongly implicate oxidative damage of Sup35 as an important trigger for the formation of the heritable [PSI(+)] prion in yeast. This review discusses the mechanisms by which the direct oxidation of Sup35 might lead to structural transitions favoring conversion to the transmissible amyloid-like form. This is analogous to various environmental factors which have been proposed to trigger misfolding of the mammalian prion protein (PrP(C)) into the aggregated scrapie form (PrP(Sc)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Grant
- a Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester ; Manchester , UK
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Piedrafita G, Keller MA, Ralser M. The Impact of Non-Enzymatic Reactions and Enzyme Promiscuity on Cellular Metabolism during (Oxidative) Stress Conditions. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2101-22. [PMID: 26378592 PMCID: PMC4598790 DOI: 10.3390/biom5032101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism assembles in a structurally highly conserved, but functionally dynamic system, known as the metabolic network. This network involves highly active, enzyme-catalyzed metabolic pathways that provide the building blocks for cell growth. In parallel, however, chemical reactivity of metabolites and unspecific enzyme function give rise to a number of side products that are not part of canonical metabolic pathways. It is increasingly acknowledged that these molecules are important for the evolution of metabolism, affect metabolic efficiency, and that they play a potential role in human disease—age-related disorders and cancer in particular. In this review we discuss the impact of oxidative and other cellular stressors on the formation of metabolic side products, which originate as a consequence of: (i) chemical reactivity or modification of regular metabolites; (ii) through modifications in substrate specificity of damaged enzymes; and (iii) through altered metabolic flux that protects cells in stress conditions. In particular, oxidative and heat stress conditions are causative of metabolite and enzymatic damage and thus promote the non-canonical metabolic activity of the cells through an increased repertoire of side products. On the basis of selected examples, we discuss the consequences of non-canonical metabolic reactivity on evolution, function and repair of the metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Piedrafita
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Markus A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW1 7AA, UK.
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Trivedi RN, Agarwal P, Kumawat M, Pesingi PK, Gupta VK, Goswami TK, Mahawar M. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) contributes to Salmonella Typhimurium survival against oxidative attack of neutrophils. Immunobiology 2015. [PMID: 26224245 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) must evade neutrophil assault for infection establishment in the host. Myeloperoxidase generated HOCl is the key antimicrobial agent produced by the neutrophils; and methionine (Met) residues are the primary targets of this oxidant. Oxidation of Mets leads to methionine sulfoxide (Met-SO) formation and consequently compromises the protein function(s). Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) reductively repairs Met-SO to Mets. In this manner, MsrA maintains the function(s) of key proteins which are important for virulence of ST and enhance the survival of this bacterium under oxidative stress. We constructed msrA gene deletion strain (ΔmsrA). The primers located in the flanking regions to ΔmsrA gene amplified 850 and 300 bp amplicons in ST and ΔmsrA strains, respectively. The ΔmsrA strain grew normally in in vitro broth culture. However, ΔmsrA strain showed high susceptibility (p<0.001) to very low concentrations of HOCl which was restored (at least in part) by plasmid based complementation. ΔmsrA strain was hypersensitive (than ST) to the granules isolated from neutrophils. Further, the ΔmsrA strain was significantly (p<0.05) more susceptible to neutrophil mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Narayan Trivedi
- The Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Pranjali Agarwal
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Pesingi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | | | - Tapas Kumar Goswami
- The Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
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Zhu J, Ding P, Li Q, Gao Y, Chen F, Xia G. Molecular characterization and expression profile of methionine sulfoxide reductase gene family in maize (Zea mays) under abiotic stresses. Gene 2015; 562:159-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Ikeda S, Senoo T, Kawano S, Tamura S, Shinozuka Y, Sugishita S. Suppressive Effects of Natural Compounds on Methionine Auxotrophy of a Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Mutant of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Takanori Senoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shinji Kawano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Sayaka Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Yuki Shinozuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shihori Sugishita
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science
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37
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Allu PK, Marada A, Boggula Y, Karri S, Krishnamoorthy T, Sepuri NBV. Methionine sulfoxide reductase 2 reversibly regulates Mge1, a cochaperone of mitochondrial Hsp70, during oxidative stress. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:406-19. [PMID: 25428986 PMCID: PMC4310733 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductases are important regulators of oxidative stress, as they reduce oxidized methionine in proteins. Mge1, a cochaperone of mtHsp70, is a physiological substrate of Mxr2 and regulates reversibly to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis and oxidative stress. Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases are conserved enzymes that reduce oxidized methionines in protein(s). Although these reductases have been implicated in several human diseases, there is a dearth of information on the identity of their physiological substrates. By using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we show that of the two methionine sulfoxide reductases (MXR1, MXR2), deletion of mitochondrial MXR2 renders yeast cells more sensitive to oxidative stress than the cytosolic MXR1. Our earlier studies showed that Mge1, an evolutionarily conserved nucleotide exchange factor of Hsp70, acts as an oxidative sensor to regulate mitochondrial Hsp70. In the present study, we show that Mxr2 regulates Mge1 by selectively reducing MetO at position 155 and restores the activity of Mge1 both in vitro and in vivo. Mge1 M155L mutant rescues the slow-growth phenotype and aggregation of proteins of mxr2Δ strain during oxidative stress. By identifying the first mitochondrial substrate for Mxrs, we add a new paradigm to the regulation of the oxidative stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Allu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Adinarayana Marada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Yerranna Boggula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Srinivasu Karri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Thanuja Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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38
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A protective role of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase against cadmium in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J Microbiol 2014; 52:976-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Kim HS, Kwak GH, Lee K, Jo CH, Hwang KY, Kim HY. Structural and biochemical analysis of a type II free methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase from Thermoplasma acidophilum. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 560:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:739-77. [PMID: 24987004 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are largely mediated by selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that are present in all three domains of life. Although selenoproteins represent diverse molecular pathways and biological functions, all these proteins contain at least one selenocysteine (Sec), a selenium-containing amino acid, and most serve oxidoreductase functions. Sec is cotranslationally inserted into nascent polypeptide chains in response to the UGA codon, whose normal function is to terminate translation. To decode UGA as Sec, organisms evolved the Sec insertion machinery that allows incorporation of this amino acid at specific UGA codons in a process requiring a cis-acting Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element. Although the basic mechanisms of Sec synthesis and insertion into proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been studied in great detail, the identity and functions of many selenoproteins remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in characterizing selenoproteins and selenoproteomes and understanding their physiological functions. We discuss current knowledge about how these unique proteins perform their functions at the molecular level and highlight new insights into the roles that selenoproteins play in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M Labunskyy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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41
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The insertion Green Monster (iGM) method for expression of multiple exogenous genes in yeast. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:1183-91. [PMID: 24776987 PMCID: PMC4455768 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.010868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Being a simple eukaryotic organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides numerous advantages for expression and functional characterization of proteins from higher eukaryotes, including humans. However, studies of complex exogenous pathways using yeast as a host have been hampered by the lack of tools to engineer strains expressing a large number of genetic components. In addition to inserting multiple genes, it is often desirable to knock out or replace multiple endogenous genes that might interfere with the processes studied. Here, we describe the "insertion Green Monster" (iGM) set of expression vectors that enable precise insertion of many heterologous genes into the yeast genome in a rapid and reproducible manner and permit simultaneous replacement of selected yeast genes. As a proof of principle, we have used the iGM method to replace components of the yeast pathway for methionine sulfoxide reduction with genes encoding the human selenoprotein biosynthesis machinery and generated a single yeast strain carrying 11 exogenous components of the selenoprotein biosynthetic pathway in precisely engineered loci.
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42
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García-Santamarina S, Boronat S, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Methionine sulphoxide reductases revisited: free methionine as a primary target of H₂O₂stress in auxotrophic fission yeast. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:1113-24. [PMID: 24118096 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid methionine can suffer reversible oxidation to sulphoxide and further irreversible over-oxidation to methionine sulphone. As part of the cellular antioxidant scavenging activities are the methionine sulphoxide reductases (Msrs), with a reported role in methionine sulphoxide reduction, both free and in proteins. Three families of Msrs have been described, but the fission yeast genome only includes one representative for two of these families: MsrA/Mxr1 and MsrB/Mxr2. We have investigated their role in methionine reduction and H2 O2 sensitivity. We show here that MsrA/Mxr1 is able to reduce free oxidized methionine. Cells lacking each one of the genes are not significantly sensitive to different types of oxidative stresses, neither display altered life span. However, only when deletion of msrA/mxr1 is combined with deletion of met6, which confers methionine auxotrophy, the survival upon H2 O2 stress decreases by 100-fold. In fact, cells lacking only Met6, and which therefore require addition of methionine to the growth media, are extremely sensitive to H2 O2 stress. These and other evidences suggest that oxidation of free methionine is a primary target of peroxide toxicity in cells devoid of methionine biosynthetic capacity, and that an important role of Msrs is to recycle this oxidized free amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarela García-Santamarina
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Kim HY. The methionine sulfoxide reduction system: selenium utilization and methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes and their functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19. [PMID: 23198996 PMCID: PMC3763222 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Selenium is utilized in the methionine sulfoxide reduction system that occurs in most organisms. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs), MsrA and MsrB, are the enzymes responsible for this system. Msrs repair oxidatively damaged proteins, protect against oxidative stress, and regulate protein function, and have also been implicated in the aging process. Selenoprotein forms of Msrs containing selenocysteine (Sec) at the catalytic site are found in bacteria, algae, and animals. RECENT ADVANCES A selenoprotein MsrB1 knockout mouse has been developed. Significant progress in the biochemistry of Msrs has been made, which includes findings of a novel reducing system for Msrs and of an interesting reason for the use of Sec in the Msr system. The effects of mammalian MsrBs, including selenoprotein MsrB1 on fruit fly aging, have been investigated. Furthermore, it is evident that Msrs are involved in methionine metabolism and regulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. CRITICAL ISSUES This article presents recent progress in the Msr field while focusing on the physiological roles of mammalian Msrs, functions of selenoprotein forms of Msrs, and their biochemistry. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A deeper understanding of the roles of Msrs in redox signaling, the aging process, and metabolism will be achieved. The identity of selenoproteome of Msrs will be sought along with characterization of the identified selenoprotein forms. Exploring new cellular targets and new functions of Msrs is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Lee BC, Péterfi Z, Hoffmann FW, Moore RE, Kaya A, Avanesov A, Tarrago L, Zhou Y, Weerapana E, Fomenko DE, Hoffmann PR, Gladyshev VN. MsrB1 and MICALs regulate actin assembly and macrophage function via reversible stereoselective methionine oxidation. Mol Cell 2013; 51:397-404. [PMID: 23911929 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox control of protein function involves oxidation and reduction of amino acid residues, but the mechanisms and regulators involved are insufficiently understood. Here, we report that in conjunction with Mical proteins, methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) regulates mammalian actin assembly via stereoselective methionine oxidation and reduction in a reversible, site-specific manner. Two methionine residues in actin are specifically converted to methionine-R-sulfoxide by Mical1 and Mical2 and reduced back to methionine by selenoprotein MsrB1, supporting actin disassembly and assembly, respectively. Macrophages utilize this redox control during cellular activation by stimulating MsrB1 expression and activity as a part of innate immunity. We identified the regulatory role of MsrB1 as a Mical antagonist in orchestrating actin dynamics and macrophage function. More generally, our study shows that proteins can be regulated by reversible site-specific methionine-R-sulfoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Cheon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tsoy O, Yurieva M, Kucharavy A, O'Reilly M, Mushegian A. Minimal genome encoding proteins with constrained amino acid repertoire. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8444-51. [PMID: 23873957 PMCID: PMC3794579 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal bacterial gene set comprises the genetic elements needed for survival of engineered bacterium on a rich medium. This set is estimated to include 300-350 protein-coding genes. One way of simplifying an organism with such a minimal genome even further is to constrain the amino acid content of its proteins. In this study, comparative genomics approaches and the results of gene knockout experiments were used to extrapolate the minimal gene set of mollicutes, and bioinformatics combined with the knowledge-based analysis of the structure-function relationships in these proteins and their orthologs, paralogs and analogs was applied to examine the challenges of completely replacing the rarest residue, cysteine. Among several known functions of cysteine residues, their roles in the active centers of the enzymes responsible for deoxyribonucleoside synthesis and transfer RNA modification appear to be crucial, as no alternative chemistry is known for these reactions. Thus, drastic reduction of the content of the rarest amino acid in a minimal proteome appears to be possible, but its complete elimination is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tsoy
- A.A.Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Karetny per. 19, Moscow, 127994, Russia, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory 1-73, Moscow 119992, Russia, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, 91128, France, O'Reilly Science Art, LLC, P.O. Box 416 Cardiff, CA 92007, USA and Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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46
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Le DT, Tarrago L, Watanabe Y, Kaya A, Lee BC, Tran U, Nishiyama R, Fomenko DE, Gladyshev VN, Tran LSP. Diversity of plant methionine sulfoxide reductases B and evolution of a form specific for free methionine sulfoxide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65637. [PMID: 23776515 PMCID: PMC3680461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine can be reversibly oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetO) under physiological conditions. Organisms evolved two distinct methionine sulfoxide reductase families (MSRA & MSRB) to repair oxidized methionine residues. We found that 5 MSRB genes exist in the soybean genome, including GmMSRB1 and two segmentally duplicated gene pairs (GmMSRB2 and GmMSRB5, GmMSRB3 and GmMSRB4). GmMSRB2 and GmMSRB4 proteins showed MSRB activity toward protein-based MetO with either DTT or thioredoxin (TRX) as reductants, whereas GmMSRB1 was active only with DTT. GmMSRB2 had a typical MSRB mechanism with Cys121 and Cys 68 as catalytic and resolving residues, respectively. Surprisingly, this enzyme also possessed the MSRB activity toward free Met-R-O with kinetic parameters similar to those reported for fRMSR from Escherichia coli, an enzyme specific for free Met-R-O. Overexpression of GmMSRB2 or GmMSRB4 in the yeast cytosol supported the growth of the triple MSRA/MSRB/fRMSR (Δ3MSRs) mutant on MetO and protected cells against H2O2-induced stress. Taken together, our data reveal an unexpected diversity of MSRBs in plants and indicate that, in contrast to mammals that cannot reduce free Met-R-O and microorganisms that use fRMSR for this purpose, plants evolved MSRBs for the reduction of both free and protein-based MetO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Le
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Cell & Biotechnology and Agriculture Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lionel Tarrago
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Uyen Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Nishiyama
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dmitri E. Fomenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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Tarrago L, Gladyshev VN. Recharging oxidative protein repair: catalysis by methionine sulfoxide reductases towards their amino acid, protein, and model substrates. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1097-107. [PMID: 23157290 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The sulfur-containing amino acid methionine (Met) in its free and amino acid residue forms can be readily oxidized to the R and S diastereomers of methionine sulfoxide (MetO). Methionine sulfoxide reductases A (MSRA) and B (MSRB) reduce MetO back to Met in a stereospecific manner, acting on the S and R forms, respectively. A third MSR type, fRMSR, reduces the R form of free MetO. MSRA and MSRB are spread across the three domains of life, whereas fRMSR is restricted to bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes. These enzymes protect against abiotic and biotic stresses and regulate lifespan. MSRs are thiol oxidoreductases containing catalytic redox-active cysteine or selenocysteine residues, which become oxidized by the substrate, requiring regeneration for the next catalytic cycle. These enzymes can be classified according to the number of redox-active cysteines (selenocysteines) and the strategies to regenerate their active forms by thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. For each MSR type, we review catalytic parameters for the reduction of free MetO, low molecular weight MetO-containing compounds, and oxidized proteins. Analysis of these data reinforces the concept that MSRAs reduce various types of MetO-containing substrates with similar efficiency, whereas MSRBs are specialized for the reduction of MetO in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tarrago
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Jo H, Cho YW, Ji SY, Kang GY, Lim CJ. Protective roles of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase against stresses inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jo
- Department of Biochemistry; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Wook Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Sun-Young Ji
- Department of Biochemistry; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Ga-Young Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ewha Womans University; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
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Liang X, Kaya A, Zhang Y, Le DT, Hua D, Gladyshev VN. Characterization of methionine oxidation and methionine sulfoxide reduction using methionine-rich cysteine-free proteins. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 13:21. [PMID: 23088625 PMCID: PMC3514235 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Methionine (Met) residues in proteins can be readily oxidized by reactive oxygen species to Met sulfoxide (MetO). MetO is a promising physiological marker of oxidative stress and its inefficient repair by MetO reductases (Msrs) has been linked to neurodegeneration and aging. Conventional methods of assaying MetO formation and reduction rely on chromatographic or mass spectrometry procedures, but the use of Met-rich proteins (MRPs) may offer a more streamlined alternative. Results We carried out a computational search of completely sequenced genomes for MRPs deficient in cysteine (Cys) residues and identified several proteins containing 20% or more Met residues. We used these MRPs to examine Met oxidation and MetO reduction by in-gel shift assays and immunoblot assays with antibodies generated against various oxidized MRPs. The oxidation of Cys-free MRPs by hydrogen peroxide could be conveniently monitored by SDS-PAGE and was specific for Met, as evidenced by quantitative reduction of these proteins with Msrs in DTT- and thioredoxin-dependent assays. We found that hypochlorite was especially efficient in oxidizing MRPs. Finally, we further developed a procedure wherein antibodies made against oxidized MRPs were isolated on affinity resins containing same or other oxidized or reduced MRPs. This procedure yielded reagents specific for MetO in these proteins, but proved to be ineffective in developing antibodies with broad MetO specificity. Conclusion Our data show that MRPs provide a convenient tool for characterization of Met oxidation, MetO reduction and Msr activities, and could be used for various aspects of redox biology involving reversible Met oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 68588, USA
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Gruhlke MCH, Slusarenko AJ. The biology of reactive sulfur species (RSS). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 59:98-107. [PMID: 22541352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential and quantitatively important element for living organisms. Plants contain on average approximately 1 g S kg⁻¹ dry weight (for comparison plants contain approximately 15 g N kg⁻¹ dry weight). Sulfur is a constituent of many organic molecules, for example amino acids such as cysteine and methionine and the small tripeptide glutathione, but sulfur is also essential in the form of Fe-S clusters for the activity of many enzymes, particularly those involved in redox reactions. Sulfur chemistry is therefore important. In particular, sulfur in the form of thiol groups is central to manifold aspects of metabolism. Because thiol groups are oxidized and reduced easily and reversibly, the redox control of cellular metabolism has become an increasing focus of research. In the same way that oxygen and nitrogen have reactive species (ROS and RNS), sulfur too can form reactive molecular species (RSS), for example when a -SH group is oxidized. Indeed, several redox reactions occur via RSS intermediates. Several naturally occurring S-containing molecules are themselves RSS and because they are physiologically active they make up part of the intrinsic plant defence repertoire against herbivore and pathogen attack. Furthermore, RSS can also be used as redox-active pharmacological tools to study cell metabolism. The aim of this review is to familiarize the general reader with some of the chemical concepts, terminology and biology of selected RSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C H Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology (BioIII), RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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