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Fiorucci S, Urbani G, Di Giorgio C, Biagioli M, Distrutti E. Current Landscape and Evolving Therapies for Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Cells 2024; 13:1580. [PMID: 39329760 PMCID: PMC11429758 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disorder characterized by progressive cholestatic that, if untreated, can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver decompensation requiring liver transplant. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial, there is a consensus that individuals with a genetic predisposition develop the disease in the presence of specific environmental triggers. A dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is increasingly considered among the potential pathogenic factors. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, are the main target of a dysregulated immune response, and cholangiocytes senescence has been recognized as a driving mechanism, leading to impaired bile duct function, in disease progression. Bile acids are also recognized as playing an important role, both in disease development and therapy. Thus, while bile acid-based therapies, specifically ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid, have been the cornerstone of therapy in PBC, novel therapeutic approaches have been developed in recent years. In this review, we will examine published and ongoing clinical trials in PBC, including the recently approved peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, elafibranor and seladelpar. These novel second-line therapies are expected to improve therapy in PBC and the development of personalized approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
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2
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Xu MY, Xia ZY, Sun JX, Liu CQ, An Y, Xu JZ, Zhang SH, Zhong XY, Zeng N, Ma SY, He HD, Wang SG, Xia QD. A new perspective on prostate cancer treatment: the interplay between cellular senescence and treatment resistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395047. [PMID: 38694500 PMCID: PMC11061424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, particularly to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), has posed a significant challenge in the field of PCa management. Among the therapeutic options for PCa, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy are commonly used modalities. However, these therapeutic approaches, while inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, may also trigger stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Cellular senescence, an entropy-driven transition from an ordered to a disordered state, ultimately leading to cell growth arrest, exhibits a dual role in PCa treatment. On one hand, senescent tumor cells may withdraw from the cell cycle, thereby reducing tumor growth rate and exerting a positive effect on treatment. On the other hand, senescent tumor cells may secrete a plethora of cytokines, growth factors and proteases that can affect neighboring tumor cells, thereby exerting a negative impact on treatment. This review explores how radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy trigger SIPS and the nuanced impact of senescent tumor cells on PCa treatment. Additionally, we aim to identify novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in PCa treatment, thereby enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi-Dong Xia
- *Correspondence: Shao-Gang Wang, ; Qi-Dong Xia,
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3
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Wu S, Qiu C, Ni J, Guo W, Song J, Yang X, Sun Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Chang X, Sun P, Wang C, Li K, Han X. M2 macrophages independently promote beige adipogenesis via blocking adipocyte Ets1. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1646. [PMID: 38388532 PMCID: PMC10883921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages can promote beige adipose thermogenesis by altering local sympathetic activity. Here, we perform sympathectomy in mice and further eradicate subcutaneous adipose macrophages and discover that these macrophages have a direct beige-promoting function that is independent of sympathetic system. We further identify adipocyte Ets1 as a vital mediator in this process. The anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages suppress Ets1 expression in adipocytes, transcriptionally activate mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as suppress mitochondrial clearance, thereby increasing the mitochondrial numbers and promoting the beiging process. Male adipocyte Ets1 knock-in mice are completely cold intolerant, whereas male mice lacking Ets1 in adipocytes show enhanced energy expenditure and are resistant to metabolic disorders caused by high-fat-diet. Our findings elucidate a direct communication between M2 macrophages and adipocytes, and uncover a function for Ets1 in responding to macrophages and negatively governing mitochondrial content and beige adipocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal Research, Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiahao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xingyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Laboratory of Critical Care Translational Medicine, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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4
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Yang F, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang X, Chu M, Wang P. Mutation of the ETS1 3'UTR interacts with miR-216a-3p to regulate granulosa cell apoptosis in sheep. Theriogenology 2023; 210:133-142. [PMID: 37499371 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
ETS1, an important member of the ETS transcription factor family, is involved in a variety of physiological processes in living organisms, such as cell development, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is thought to be associated with embryonic development and reproduction. However, the polymorphism of ETS1 has been rarely studied, and its potential impact on the formation of reproductive traits in sheep remains unclear. Here, we first analyzed polymorphisms of ETS1 in a population of 382 small-tailed Han sheep with a lambing number record using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) technique. The results showed the presence of a SNP locus rs161611767 (T > C) in the 3'UTR of ETS1. The association analysis showed the lambing number of first, second and third parity in the individuals with the CC genotype (2.51 ± 0.108, 2.51 ± 0.179, 1.27 ± 0.196) was higher than that of individuals with the TT genotype (1.79 ± 0.086, 1.56 ± 0.102, 0.56 ± 0.100) (P < 0.05). Then, molecular biotechnologies were used to investigate the effects of the EST1 rs161611767 mutant locus on host gene expression in sheep and the underlying mechanism of its effect on sheep reproduction. The RT‒qPCR results showed that the expression of ETS1 was higher in individuals with the CC genotype than in those with the TT genotype (P < 0.05). The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that the luciferase activity of ETS1 in sheep with the TT genotype was decreased compared to CC genotype (P < 0.05), confirming the existence of EST1 rs161611767 in the 3'UTR as a functional SNP. Given that the 3'UTR is an important regulatory region of gene transcription and translation, we performed bioinformatics prediction and confirmed that the SNP rs161611767 of ETS1 was a direct functional target of miR-216a-3p using dual luciferase activity assay, and the binding capacity of allele T was stronger than that of allele C. Subsequently, the cell transfection results showed that miR-216a-3p suppressed the endogenous expression of ETS1 in sheep primary granulosa cells (GCs). Finally, CCK-8, EdU, WB detection of marker proteins and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of miR-216a-3p on GCs viability and proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. The results showed that miR-216a-3p inhibited the proliferation of GCs while promoting apoptosis of GCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the SNP rs161611767 of ETS1 is associated with lambing number in small-tailed Han sheep, and miR-216a-3p can act as a regulatory element binding to the T mutation in rs161611767 to regulate ETS1 expression and affect GCs development, which may indirectly affect the number of lambs in sheep. These studies provide evidence for the involvement of ETS1 polymorphisms in sheep reproduction and are expected to provide new insights to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of lambing traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Pingqing Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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5
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Catanzaro E, Gringeri E, Burra P, Gambato M. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: From Pathogenesis to Diagnostic and Surveillance Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4947. [PMID: 37894314 PMCID: PMC10604939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), accounting for 2-8% of cases and being the leading cause of death in these patients. The majority of PSC-associated CCAs (PSC-CCA) develop within the first few years after PSC diagnosis. Older age and male sex, as well as concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or high-grade biliary stenosis, are some of the most relevant risk factors. A complex combination of molecular mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways, direct cytopathic damage, and epigenetic and genetic alterations are involved in cholangiocytes carcinogenesis. The insidious clinical presentation makes early detection difficult, and the integration of biochemical, radiological, and histological features does not always lead to a definitive diagnosis of PSC-CCA. Surveillance is mandatory, but current guideline strategies failed to improve early detection and consequently a higher patient survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), gene methylation, proteomic and metabolomic profile, and extracellular vesicle components are some of the novel biomarkers recently applied in PSC-CCA detection with promising results. The integration of these new molecular approaches in PSC diagnosis and monitoring could contribute to new diagnostic and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Catanzaro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Gambato
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
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6
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Kang JH, Splinter PL, Trussoni CE, Pirius NE, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, O'Hara SP. The Epigenetic Reader, Bromodomain Containing 2, Mediates Cholangiocyte Senescence via Interaction With ETS Proto-Oncogene 1. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:228-243.e2. [PMID: 37059338 PMCID: PMC10330214 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We reported that cholangiocyte senescence, regulated by the transcription factor ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1), is a pathogenic feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Furthermore, histone 3 lysine 27 is acetylated at senescence-associated loci. The epigenetic readers, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, bind acetylated histones, recruit transcription factors, and drive gene expression. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that BET proteins interact with ETS1 to drive gene expression and cholangiocyte senescence. METHODS We performed immunofluorescence for BET proteins (BRD2 and 4) in liver tissue from liver tissue from PSC patients and a mouse PSC model. Using normal human cholangiocytes (NHCs), NHCs experimentally induced to senescence (NHCsen), and PSC patient-derived cholangiocytes (PSCDCs), we assessed senescence, fibroinflammatory secretome, and apoptosis after BET inhibition or RNA interference depletion. We assessed BET interaction with ETS1 in NHCsen and tissues from PSC patient, and the effects of BET inhibitors on liver fibrosis, senescence, and inflammatory gene expression in mouse models. RESULTS Tissue from patients with PSC and a mouse PSC model exhibited increased cholangiocyte BRD2 and 4 protein (∼5×) compared with controls without disease. NHCsen exhibited increased BRD2 and 4 (∼2×), whereas PSCDCs exhibited increased BRD2 protein (∼2×) relative to NHC. BET inhibition in NHCsen and PSCDCs reduced senescence markers and inhibited the fibroinflammatory secretome. ETS1 interacted with BRD2 in NHCsen, and BRD2 depletion diminished NHCsen p21 expression. BET inhibitors reduced senescence, fibroinflammatory gene expression, and fibrosis in the 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-fed and Mdr2-/- mouse models. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BRD2 is an essential mediator of the senescent cholangiocyte phenotype and is a potential therapeutic target for patients with PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Han Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick L Splinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christy E Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas E Pirius
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven P O'Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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7
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Czaja AJ. Epigenetic Aspects and Prospects in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921765. [PMID: 35844554 PMCID: PMC9281562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The observed risk of autoimmune hepatitis exceeds its genetic risk, and epigenetic factors that alter gene expression without changing nucleotide sequence may help explain the disparity. Key objectives of this review are to describe the epigenetic modifications that affect gene expression, discuss how they can affect autoimmune hepatitis, and indicate prospects for improved management. Multiple hypo-methylated genes have been described in the CD4+ and CD19+ T lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, and the circulating micro-ribonucleic acids, miR-21 and miR-122, have correlated with laboratory and histological features of liver inflammation. Both epigenetic agents have also correlated inversely with the stage of liver fibrosis. The reduced hepatic concentration of miR-122 in cirrhosis suggests that its deficiency may de-repress the pro-fibrotic prolyl-4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 gene. Conversely, miR-155 is over-expressed in the liver tissue of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, and it may signify active immune-mediated liver injury. Different epigenetic findings have been described in diverse autoimmune and non-autoimmune liver diseases, and these changes may have disease-specificity. They may also be responses to environmental cues or heritable adaptations that distinguish the diseases. Advances in epigenetic editing and methods for blocking micro-ribonucleic acids have improved opportunities to prove causality and develop site-specific, therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, the role of epigenetics in affecting the risk, clinical phenotype, and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis is under-evaluated. Full definition of the epigenome of autoimmune hepatitis promises to enhance understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and satisfy the unmet clinical need to improve therapy for refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Czaja
- *Correspondence: Albert J. Czaja, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-3065
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8
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Li Y, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Ma J, Bao X, Li Z, Cui M, Li B, Xu X, Wang W, Sun G, Liu X, Yang J. Differential gene expression analysis related to sperm storage in spermathecas of Amphioctopus fangsiao. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100966. [PMID: 35150972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sperm storage in the female body is an important strategy in animal reproductive behavior. Amphioctopus fangsiao is an economically important cephalopod that has a sperm storage period of up to seven months. There are few studies concerning the mechanism of sperm storage in A. fangsiao. In this study, we performed transcriptome gene expression profiling of the oviductal glands at different phases (presence and absence of sperm storage). In total, 7943 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) comprising 4737 upregulated and 3206 downregulated genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to search for sperm storage-related genes. A protein interaction network was constructed to examine the interactions between genes. Nineteen genes associated with immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy were obtained and verified by qRT-PCR. This is the first comprehensive analysis of sperm storage-related genes in A. fangsiao. The results provide basic insights into the complex sperm storage mechanism of A. fangsiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jingjun Ma
- Yantai Laishan District Fisheries and Marine Service station, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Mingxian Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264004, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222100, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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9
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Juan C, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Mao Y, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Wang X, Wang Q. Knocking down ETS Proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) alleviates the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in patients with acute kidney injury by regulating the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) transcription. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12927-12940. [PMID: 35611792 PMCID: PMC9275905 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2079242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high mortality rate, but its pathogenesis remains unclear Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated renal tubular epithelial pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. NLR family of pyrin domains containing 3 (NLRP3) plays an important role in pyroptosis. To further understand the transcriptional regulation mechanism of NLRP3, the peripheral blood of patients with AKI was analyzed in this study, showing that the levels of NLRP3 and cell pyroptosis in patients with AKI were significantly higher than those in normal controls. Furthermore, elevated levels of NLRP3 and cell pyroptosis were found in renal tubular epithelial cells after LPS treatment. Transcription factor ETS Proto-Oncogene 1 (ETS1) could bind to the upstream promoter transcription site of NLRP3 to transactivate NLRP3 in renal tubular epithelial cells. The cell pyroptosis level also decreased by knocking down ETS1. It is concluded that knocking down of ETS1 may reduce the renal tubular epithelial pyroptosis by regulating the transcription of NLRP3, thus relieving AKI. ETS1 is expected to be a molecular target for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Juan
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, Minhang, China
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10
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Navarro-Corcuera A, Sehrawat TS, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Gibbons HR, Pirius NE, Khanal S, Hamdan FH, Aseem SO, Cao S, Banales JM, Kang N, Faubion WA, LaRusso NF, Shah VH, Huebert RC. Long non-coding RNA ACTA2-AS1 promotes ductular reaction by interacting with the p300/ELK1 complex. J Hepatol 2022; 76:921-933. [PMID: 34953958 PMCID: PMC8934273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Biliary disease is associated with a proliferative/fibrogenic ductular reaction (DR). p300 is an epigenetic regulator that acetylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27ac) and is activated during fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cholangiopathies, but little is known about how they recruit epigenetic complexes and regulate DR. We investigated epigenetic complexes, including transcription factors (TFs) and lncRNAs, contributing to p300-mediated transcription during fibrosis. METHODS We evaluated p300 in vivo using tamoxifen-inducible, cholangiocyte-selective, p300 knockout (KO) coupled with bile duct ligation (BDL) and Mdr KO mice treated with SGC-CBP30. Primary cholangiocytes and liver tissue were analyzed for expression of Acta2-as1 lncRNA by qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. In vitro, we performed RNA-sequencing in human cholangiocytes with a p300 inhibitor. Cholangiocytes were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an injury model. We confirmed formation of a p300/ELK1 complex by immunoprecipitation (IP). RNA IP was used to examine interactions between ACTA2-AS1 and p300. Chromatin IP assays were used to evaluate p300/ELK1 occupancy and p300-mediated H3K27ac. Organoids were generated from ACTA2-AS1-depleted cholangiocytes. RESULTS BDL-induced DR and fibrosis were reduced in Krt19-CreERT/p300fl/fl mice. Similarly, Mdr KO mice were protected from DR and fibrosis after SGC-CBP30 treatment. In vitro, depletion of ACTA2-AS1 reduced expression of proliferative/fibrogenic markers, reduced LPS-induced cholangiocyte proliferation, and impaired organoid formation. ACTA2-AS1 regulated transcription by facilitating p300/ELK1 binding to the PDGFB promoter after LPS exposure. Correspondingly, LPS-induced H3K27ac was mediated by p300/ELK1 and was reduced in ACTA2-AS1-depleted cholangiocytes. CONCLUSION Cholangiocyte-selective p300 KO or p300 inhibition attenuate DR/fibrosis in mice. ACTA2-AS1 influences recruitment of p300/ELK1 to specific promoters to drive H3K27ac and epigenetic activation of proliferative/fibrogenic genes. This suggests that cooperation between epigenetic co-activators and lncRNAs facilitates DR/fibrosis in biliary diseases. LAY SUMMARY We identified a three-part complex containing an RNA molecule, a transcription factor, and an epigenetic enzyme. The complex is active in injured bile duct cells and contributes to activation of genes involved in proliferation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Navarro-Corcuera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tejasav S Sehrawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hunter R Gibbons
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas E Pirius
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shalil Khanal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sayed Obaidullah Aseem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sheng Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ningling Kang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robert C Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States.
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11
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Hu L, Li H, Zi M, Li W, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhou D, Kong QP, Zhang Y, He Y. Why Senescent Cells Are Resistant to Apoptosis: An Insight for Senolytic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:822816. [PMID: 35252191 PMCID: PMC8890612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.822816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a process that leads to a state of irreversible cell growth arrest induced by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stresses. Senescent cells (SnCs) accumulate with age and have been implicated in various age-related diseases in part via expressing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Elimination of SnCs has the potential to delay aging, treat age-related diseases and extend healthspan. However, once cells becoming senescent, they are more resistant to apoptotic stimuli. Senolytics can selectively eliminate SnCs by targeting the SnC anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs). They have been developed as a novel pharmacological strategy to treat various age-related diseases. However, the heterogeneity of the SnCs indicates that SnCs depend on different proteins or pathways for their survival. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for apoptotic resistance of SnCs will provide new molecular targets for the development of cell-specific or broad-spectrum therapeutics to clear SnCs. In this review, we discussed the latest research progresses and challenge in senolytic development, described the significance of regulation of senescence and apoptosis in aging, and systematically summarized the SCAPs involved in the apoptotic resistance in SnCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,College of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Meiting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,College of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yonghan He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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12
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Liao Z, Yeo HL, Wong SW, Zhao Y. Cellular Senescence: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1769. [PMID: 34944585 PMCID: PMC8698401 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex and multistep biological process which cells can undergo in response to different stresses. Referring to a highly stable cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence can influence a multitude of biological processes-both physiologically and pathologically. While phenotypically diverse, characteristics of senescence include the expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, cell cycle arrest factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, morphogenesis, and chromatin remodelling. Persistent senescence is associated with pathologies such as aging, while transient senescence is associated with beneficial programmes, such as limb patterning. With these implications, senescence-based translational studies, namely senotherapy and pro-senescence therapy, are well underway to find the cure to complicated diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Being a subject of major interest only in the recent decades, much remains to be studied, such as regarding the identification of unique biomarkers of senescent cells. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse literature on senescence, and discuss the knowledge we have on senescence thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Lin Yeo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Siaw Wen Wong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore;
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
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13
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Cai Q, Gan C, Tang C, Wu H, Gao J. Mechanism and Therapeutic Opportunities of Histone Modifications in Chronic Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:784591. [PMID: 34887768 PMCID: PMC8650224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.784591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) represents a global health problem, accounting for the heavy burden of disability and increased health care utilization. Epigenome alterations play an important role in the occurrence and progression of CLD. Histone modifications, which include acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, represent an essential part of epigenetic modifications that affect the transcriptional activity of genes. Different from genetic mutations, histone modifications are plastic and reversible. They can be modulated pharmacologically without changing the DNA sequence. Thus, there might be chances to establish interventional solutions by targeting histone modifications to reverse CLD. Here we summarized the roles of histone modifications in the context of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. The potential targets of histone modifications for translation into therapeutics were also investigated. In prospect, high efficacy and low toxicity drugs that are selectively targeting histone modifications are required to completely reverse CLD and prevent the development of liver cirrhosis and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Cai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Gan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Jalan-Sakrikar N, De Assuncao TM, Navarro-Corcuera A, Hamdan FH, Loarca L, Kirkeby LA, Resch ZT, O'Hara SP, Juran BD, Lazaridis KN, Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Taner T, Shah VH, LaRusso NF, Huebert RC. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From Subjects With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Develop a Senescence Phenotype Following Biliary Differentiation. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:345-360. [PMID: 34519176 PMCID: PMC8793999 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic fibroinflammatory disease of the biliary tract characterized by cellular senescence and periportal fibrogenesis. Specific disease features that are cell intrinsic and either genetically or epigenetically mediated remain unclear due in part to a lack of appropriate, patient-specific, in vitro models. Recently, our group developed systems to create induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cholangiocytes (iDCs) and biliary epithelial organoids (cholangioids). We use these models to investigate whether PSC cholangiocytes are intrinsically predisposed to cellular senescence. Skin fibroblasts from healthy controls and subjects with PSC were reprogrammed to pluripotency, differentiated to cholangiocytes, and subsequently grown in three-dimensional matrigel-based culture to induce formation of cholangioids. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on iDCs showed significant differences in gene expression patterns, including enrichment of pathways associated with cell cycle, senescence, and hepatic fibrosis, that correlate with PSC. These pathways also overlapped with RNA-seq analysis on isolated cholangiocytes from subjects with PSC. Exome sequencing on the subjects with PSC revealed genetic variants of unknown significance in the genes identified in these pathways. Three-dimensional culture revealed smaller size, lack of a central lumen, and increased cellular senescence in PSC-derived cholangioids. Congruent with this, PSC-derived iDCs showed increased secretion of the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin as well as the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. Conditioned media (CM) from PSC-derived iDCs more potently activated hepatic stellate cells compared to control CM. Conclusion: We demonstrated efficient generation of iDCs and cholangioids from patients with PSC that show disease-specific features. PSC cholangiocytes are intrinsically predisposed to cellular senescence. These features are unmasked following biliary differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and have functional consequences in epithelial organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thiago M De Assuncao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amaia Navarro-Corcuera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lorena Loarca
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lindsey A Kirkeby
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary T Resch
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven P O'Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian D Juran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Konstantinos N Lazaridis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Charles B Rosen
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie K Heimbach
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timucin Taner
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert C Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.,William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
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15
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferase (PRMT) Inhibitors-AMI-1 and SAH Are Effective in Attenuating Rhabdomyosarcoma Growth and Proliferation in Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158023. [PMID: 34360791 PMCID: PMC8348967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue cancer that develops mostly in children and young adults. With regard to histopathology, four rhabdomyosarcoma types are distinguishable: embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and spindle/sclerosing. Currently, increased amounts of evidence indicate that not only gene mutations, but also epigenetic modifications may be involved in the development of RMS. Epigenomic changes regulate the chromatin architecture and affect the interaction between DNA strands, histones and chromatin binding proteins, thus, are able to control gene expression. The main aim of the study was to assess the role of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) in the cellular biology of rhabdomyosarcoma. In the study we used two pan-inhibitors of PRMT, called AMI-1 and SAH, and evaluated their effects on proliferation and apoptosis of RMS cells. We observed that AMI-1 and SAH reduce the invasive phenotype of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by decreasing their proliferation rate, cell viability and ability to form cell colonies. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that these inhibitors attenuate the activity of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and affect expression of genes related to it.
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16
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Baiocchi L, Glaser S, Francis H, Kennedy L, Felli E, Alpini G, Gracia-Sancho J. Impact of Aging on Liver Cells and Liver Disease: Focus on the Biliary and Vascular Compartments. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1125-1137. [PMID: 34278165 PMCID: PMC8279468 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is represented by the time-dependent decay in physiologic functions of living beings. Major interest has been focused in recent years on the determinants of this progressive condition due to its correlative relationship with the onset of diseases. Several hallmark features have been observed in aging, such as genetic alterations, mitochondrial impairment, and telomere shortening. At the cellular level, a senescent phenotype has been identified in response to aging that is characterized by a flat appearance, proliferative arrest, and production of specific molecules. The net effect of these cells in the course of diseases is an argument of debate. In fact, while the onset of a senescent phenotype may prevent tumor spreading, these cells appear to support pathological processes in some conditions. Several studies are now focused on clarifying the specific molecular pathways of aging/senescence in different cells, tissues, or organs. Biliary and vascular components, within the liver, have emerged as important determinants of some form of liver disease. In this review we summarize the most recent achievements on aging/senescence, focusing on the biliary and vascular liver system. Conclusion: Several findings, in both preclinical animal models and on human liver specimens, converge in supporting the presence of specific aging hallmarks in the diseases involving these hepatic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baiocchi
- Hepatology UnitDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Medical PhysiologyTexas A&M College of MedicineBryanTXUSA
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Eric Felli
- HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchInselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisINUSA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular BiologyIDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute and CIBEREHDBarcelonaSpain.,HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchInselspitalBernSwitzerland
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17
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Zhao Y, Yi W, Lu Y, Li W, Wang H. Lipopolysaccharide induces BV2 microglial cell migration via a decrease in SET8 expression. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:667-675. [PMID: 33108739 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessively activated microglia exhibit increased migration, resulting in tissue damage and chronic inflammation. Src was confirmed to play an important role in regulation of cell motility following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. SET8 plays an important part in multiple cellular signal pathways. In this study, we speculated that SET8 is involved in LPS-induced microglial migration via regulation of Src expression. Our study showed that LPS promoted cell migration via augmentation of Src expression in BV2 cells. Moreover, LPS treatment decreased SET8 expression and upregulated the expression of the transcription factor ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1). Overexpression of both SET8 and small interfering ETS1 reversed LPS-induced Src expression and cell migration. The effects of short hairpin SET8 (shSET8) and ETS1 overexpression are the same as the effects of LPS treatment. Decrease of Src expression reversed the shSET8-induced and ETS1 overexpression-induced migration of BV2 cells. Furthermore, SET8 was observed to associate with ETS1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated H4K20me1, a downstream target of SET8, in addition to ETS1, was enriched at the Src promoter region. Furthermore, shSET8 increased Src promoter activity and also increased the positive effect of ETS1 overexpression on Src promoter activity. This study shows that SET8 associates with ETS1 to regulate Src expression, which is involved in LPS-induced BV2 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhao
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjing Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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18
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Chen W, Zhu J, Lin F, Xu Y, Feng B, Feng X, Sheng X, Shi X, Pan Q, Yang J, Yu J, Li L, Cao H. Human placenta mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delay H 2O 2-induced aging in mouse cholangioids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:201. [PMID: 33752720 PMCID: PMC7983269 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocyte senescence is an important pathological process in diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Stem cell/induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes have shown anti-senescence effects in various diseases. We applied novel organoid culture technology to establish and characterize cholangiocyte organoids (cholangioids) with oxidative stress-induced senescence and then investigated whether human placenta mesenchymal stem cell (hPMSC)-derived exosomes exerted a protective effect in senescent cholangioids. Methods We identified the growth characteristics of cholangioids by light microscopy and confocal microscopy. Exosomes were introduced concurrently with H2O2 into the cholangioids. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining analyses, we assessed the expression patterns of the senescence markers p16INK4a, p21WAF1/Cip1, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and then characterized the mRNA and protein expression levels of chemokines and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. Results Well-established cholangioids expressed cholangiocyte-specific markers. Oxidative stress-induced senescence enhanced the expression of the senescence-associated proteins p16INK4a, p21WAF1/Cip1, and SA-β-gal in senescent cholangioids compared with the control group. Treatment with hPMSC-derived exosomes delayed the cholangioid aging progress and reduced the levels of SASP components (i.e., interleukin-6 and chemokine CC ligand 2). Conclusions Senescent organoids are a potential novel model for better understanding senescence progression in cholangiocytes. hPMSC-derived exosomes exert protective effects against senescent cholangioids under oxidative stress-induced injury by delaying aging and reducing SASP components, which might have therapeutic potential for PSC or PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Feiyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
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19
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Rodrigo-Torres D, Gadd VL, Forbes SJ. Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:50-66. [PMID: 33764485 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
Aging increases the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD), worsens its prognosis, and represents the predominant risk factor for its development at all different stages. The hepatic sinusoid, which is fundamental for maintaining liver homeostasis, is composed by hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic macrophages. During CLD progression, hepatic cells suffer deregulations in their phenotype, which ultimately lead to disease development. The effects of aging on the hepatic sinusoid phenotype and function are not well understood, nevertheless, studies performed in experimental models of liver diseases and aging demonstrate alterations in all hepatic sinusoidal cells. This review provides an updated description of age-related changes in the hepatic sinusoid and discusses the implications for CLD development and treatment. Lastly, we propose aging as a novel therapeutic target to treat liver diseases and summarize the most promising therapies to prevent or improve CLD and extend healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Carpenter VJ, Patel BB, Autorino R, Smith SC, Gewirtz DA, Saleh T. Senescence and castration resistance in prostate cancer: A review of experimental evidence and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188424. [PMID: 32956765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) remains a major challenge in the treatment of this disease. While Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) can result in tumor shrinkage, a primary response of Prostate Cancer (PCa) cells to ADT is a senescent growth arrest. As a response to cancer therapies, senescence has often been considered as a beneficial outcome due to its association with stable growth abrogation, as well as the potential for immune system activation via the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). However, there is increasing evidence that not only can senescent cells regain proliferative capacity, but that senescence contributes to deleterious effects of cancer chemotherapy, including disease recurrence. Notably, the preponderance of work investigating the consequences of therapy-induced senescence on tumor progression has been performed in non-PCa models. Here, we summarize the evidence that ADT promotes a senescent response in PCa and postulate mechanisms by which senescence may contribute to the development of castration-resistance. Primarily, we suggest that ADT-induced senescence may support CRPC development via escape from senescence, by cell autonomous-reprogramming, and by the formation of a pro-tumorigenic SASP. However, due to the scarcity of direct evidence from PCa models, the consequences of ADT-induced senescence outlined here remain speculative until the relationship between senescence and CRPC can be experimentally defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bhaumik B Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, VCU Health, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, VCU Health, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tareq Saleh
- The Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
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22
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Guicciardi ME, Trussoni CE, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ. The Spectrum of Reactive Cholangiocytes in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:741-748. [PMID: 31833071 PMCID: PMC7012677 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes are the target of a group of chronic liver diseases termed the "cholangiopathies," in which cholangiocytes react to exogenous and endogenous insults, leading to disease initiation and progression. In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the focus of this review, the cholangiocyte response to genetic or environmental insults can lead to a heterogeneous response; that is, a subpopulation acquires a ductular reactive and proliferative phenotype, while another subpopulation undergoes senescence and growth arrest. Both ductular reactive cholangiocytes and senescent cholangiocytes can modify the periductal microenvironment through their ability to secrete various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, initiating and perpetuating inflammatory and profibrotic responses. This review discusses the similarities and differences, the interrelationships, and the potential pathogenic roles of these reactive proliferative and senescent cholangiocyte subpopulations in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory J. Gores
- Corresponding author: Gregory J. Gores, MD., Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, Tel: (507) 284-0686; Fax: (507) 284 0762;
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