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Yang Z, Zheng Y, Liu S, Xie T, Wang Q, Wang Z, Li S, Wang W. Rumen metagenome reveals the mechanism of mitigation methane emissions by unsaturated fatty acid while maintaining the performance of dairy cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:296-308. [PMID: 39281050 PMCID: PMC11402312 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fat content can reduce the methane production of dairy cows; however, the relevance fatty acid (FA) composition has towards this inhibitory effect is debatable. Furthermore, in-depth studies elucidating the effects of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on rumen function and the mechanism of reducing methane (CH4) production are lacking. This study exposed 10 Holstein cows with the same parity, similar milk yield to two total mixed rations: low unsaturated FA (LUFA) and high unsaturated FA (HUFA) with similar fat content. The LUFA group mainly added fat powder (C16:0 > 90%), and the HUFA group mainly replaced fat powder with extruded flaxseed. The experiment lasted 26 d, the last 5 d of which, gas exchange in respiratory chambers was conducted to measure gas emissions. We found that an increase in the UFA in diet did not affect milk production (P > 0.05) and could align the profile of milk FAs more closely with modern human nutritional requirements. Furthermore, we found that increasing the UFA content in the diet lead to a decrease in the abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the rumen (|linear discriminant analysis [LDA] score| > 2 and P < 0.05), which resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of multiple enzymes (EC:1.2.7.12, EC:2.3.1.101, EC:3.5.4.27, EC:1.5.98.1, EC:1.5.98.2, EC:6.2.1.1, EC:2.1.1.86 and EC:2.8.4.1) during methanogenesis (P < 0.05). Compared with the LUFA group, the pathway of CH4 metabolism was inhibited in the HUFA group (|LDA| > 2 and P < 0.05), which ultimately decreased CH4 production (P < 0.05). Our results illustrated the mechanism involving decreased CH4 production when fed a UFA diet in dairy cows. We believe that our study provides new evidence to explore CH4 emission reduction measures for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Maigaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Hellwing ALF, Larsen M, Andersen FB, Lund P. The acute effects of rumen pulse-dosing of hydrogen acceptors during methane inhibition with nitrate or 3-nitrooxypropanol in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5681-5698. [PMID: 38608947 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Dietary methane (CH4) mitigation is in some cases associated with an increased hydrogen (H2) emission. The objective of the present study was to investigate the acute and short-term effects of acceptors for H2 (fumaric acid, acrylic acid, or phloroglucinol) supplemented via pulse-dosing to dairy cows fed CH4 mitigating diets (using nitrate or 3-nitrooxypropanol), on gas exchange, rumen gas, and VFA composition. For this purpose, 2 individual 4 × 4 Latin square experiments were conducted with 4 periods of 3 d (nitrate supplementation) and 7 d (3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation), respectively. In each study, 4 rumen-cannulated Danish Holstein cows were used. Each additive for CH4 mitigation was included in the ad libitum-fed diet within the 2 experiments (exp. 1 and exp. 2), to which the cows were adapted for at least 14 d. Acceptors for H2 were administered twice daily in equal portions through the rumen fistula immediately after feeding of the individual cow. In exp. 1 (nitrate), the treatments were CON-1 (no H2-acceptor), FUM-1 (fumaric acid), ACR-1 (acrylic acid), and FUM+ACR-1 (50% FUM-1 + 50% ACR-1). In exp. 2 (3-nitrooxypropanol), the 3 treatments, CON-2, FUM-2, and ACR-2, were similar to CON-1, FUM-1 and ACR-1 treatments, however the fourth treatment was PHL-2 (phloroglucinol). Gas exchanges were measured in respiration chambers, and samples of rumen liquid and headspace gas were taken in time series relative to feeding and dosing on specific days. Headspace gas was analyzed for gas composition, and rumen liquid was analyzed for VFA composition and dissolved gas concentrations. Headspace gas composition and dissolved gas concentration were only measured in exp. 2. Dry matter intake was reduced upon acrylic acid supplementation. There were no significant effects of any treatments in any experiments on H2 emission, except for a decrease in hourly H2 emission rate (g/h) at 1 h after feeding in both experiments. In exp. 2, H2 headspace proportions increased with ACR-2 supplementation, whereas dissolved concentrations were unaffected. In exp. 1, cows on ACR-1 increased propionate proportion at 1 h after feeding. In exp. 2, both FUM-2 and ACR-2 increased rumen propionate proportion in the hours after feeding and dosing. There was no effect on rumen acetate for cows on PHL-2. There was a strong positive correlation between rumen dissolved CH4 and headspace CH4 (r = 0.84), whereas the equivalent correlation was weaker for H2 (r = 0.41). For the relationship between dissolved concentrations and emissions of CH4 and H2, there was a moderate positive correlation for CH4 (r = 0.54), whereas it was weak for H2 (r = 0.28) with zero slope. In conclusion, the results suggested that fumaric acid and acrylic acid to some extent was reduced to propionate without associative effects on measures for H2 redirection. Furthermore, phloroglucinol seemed not to be metabolized in the rumen in the present study, because no effects on rumen acetate or measures of H2 were observed. Changes in H2 headspace and emission may be a poor proxy for actual changes in the rumen fluid concentration of H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Maigaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Freja Bylling Andersen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
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Suriyapha C, Phupaboon S, Dagaew G, Sommai S, Matra M, Prachumchai R, Haitook T, Wanapat M. In vitro fermentation end-products and rumen microbiome as influenced by microencapsulated phytonutrient pellets (LEDRAGON) supplementation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14425. [PMID: 38910145 PMCID: PMC11194279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulated bioactive compounds from lemongrass mixed dragon fruit peel pellet (MiEn-LEDRAGON) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradability, methane production, and the microbial diversity using in vitro gas production technique. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five levels of MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 3 or 4% DM resulted in increased (p < 0.05) cumulative gas production at 96 hours (h) of incubation time, reaching up to 84.842 ml/ 0.5 g DM. Furthermore, supplementation with 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON resulted in higher in vitro nutrient degradability and ammonia-nitrogen concentration at 24 h of the incubation time when compared to the control group (without supplementation) by 5.401% and 11.268%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet led to an increase in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes at 24 h and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens at 12 h, while decreasing the population of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Methanobacteriales (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 2 to 4% DM resulted in a higher total volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 24 h, reaching up to 73.021 mmol/L (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increased proportion of propionic acid (C3) and butyric acid (C4) at 12 h (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid (C2) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (C2:C3), along with a reduction of methane (CH4) production by 11.694% when comparing to the 0% and 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing MiEn-LEDRAGON at 3% of total DM substrate could be used as a feed additive rich in phytonutrients for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaichana Suriyapha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Gamonmas Dagaew
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, 12130, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Theerachai Haitook
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Shinkai T, Takizawa S, Enishi O, Higuchi K, Ohmori H, Mitsumori M. Characteristics of rumen microbiota and Prevotella isolates found in high propionate and low methane-producing dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404991. [PMID: 38887715 PMCID: PMC11180796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminal methane production is the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated during rumen fermentation, and is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Individual ruminants exhibit varying methane production efficiency; therefore, understanding the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals could offer opportunities for mitigating enteric methane. Here, we investigated the association between rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota, focusing on methane production, and elucidated the physiological characteristics of bacteria found in low methane-producing cows. Thirteen Holstein cows in the late lactation stage were fed a corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR), and feed digestion, milk production, rumen fermentation products, methane production, and rumen microbial composition were examined. Cows were classified into two ruminal fermentation groups using Principal component analysis: low and high methane-producing cows (36.9 vs. 43.2 L/DMI digested) with different ruminal short chain fatty acid ratio [(C2+C4)/C3] (3.54 vs. 5.03) and dry matter (DM) digestibility (67.7% vs. 65.3%). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production between both groups. Additionally, there were differences in the abundance of OTUs assigned to uncultured Prevotella sp., Succinivibrio, and other 12 bacterial phylotypes between both groups. Specifically, a previously uncultured novel Prevotella sp. with lactate-producing phenotype was detected, with higher abundance in low methane-producing cows. These findings provide evidence that Prevotella may be associated with low methane and high propionate production. However, further research is required to improve the understanding of microbial relationships and metabolic processes involved in the mitigation of enteric methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shinkai
- Division of Dairy Cattle Feeding and Breeding Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Niu X, Xing Y, Wang J, Bai L, Xie Y, Zhu S, Sun M, Yang J, Li D, Liu Y. Effects of Caragana korshinskii tannin on fermentation, methane emission, community of methanogens, and metabolome of rumen in sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334045. [PMID: 38426060 PMCID: PMC10902071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of Caragana korshinskii tannin (CKT) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, methanogen community and metabolome in rumen of sheep. A total of 15 crossbred sheep of the Dumont breed with similar body conditions, were divided into three groups (n = 5), which were fed with CKT addition at 0, 2 and 4%/kg DM. The study spanned a total of 74 days, with a 14-day period dedicated to adaptation and a subsequent 60-day period for conducting treatments. The results indicated that the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and acetate were reduced (p < 0.05) in rumen sheep fed with 2 and 4% CKT; The crude protein (CP) digestibility of sheep in 2 and 4% CKT groups was decreased(p < 0.05); while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was increased (p < 0.05) in 4% CKT group. Furthermore, the supplementation of CKT resulted in a decrease (p < 0.05) in daily CH4 emissions from sheep by reducing the richness and diversity of ruminal methanogens community, meanwhile decreasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of tyramine that contribute to methane synthesis and increasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of N-methy-L-glutamic acid that do not contribute to CH4 synthesis. However, CH4 production of DMI, OMI, NDFI and metabolic weight did not differ significantly across the various treatments. To sum up, the addition of 4% CKT appeared to be a viable approach for reducing CH4 emissions from sheep without no negative effects. These findings suggest that CKT hold promise in mitigating methane emissions of ruminant. Further investigation is required to evaluate it effectiveness in practical feeding strategies for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyaun Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shouqian Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dabiao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Park T. - Invited Review - Ruminal ciliates as modulators of the rumen microbiome. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:385-395. [PMID: 38186255 PMCID: PMC10838670 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminal ciliates are a fundamental constituent within the rumen microbiome of ruminant animals. The complex interactions between ruminal ciliates and other microbial guilds within the rumen ecosystems are of paramount importance for facilitating the digestion and fermentation processes of ingested feed components. This review underscores the significance of ruminal ciliates by exploring their impact on key factors, such as methane production, nitrogen utilization efficiency, feed efficiency, and other animal performance measurements. Various methods are employed in the study of ruminal ciliates including culture techniques and molecular approaches. This review highlights the pressing need for further investigations to discern the distinct roles of various ciliate species, particularly relating to methane mitigation and the enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency. The promotion of establishing robust reference databases tailored specifically to ruminal ciliates is encouraged, alongside the utilization of genomics and transcriptomics that can highlight their functional contributions to the rumen microbiome. Collectively, the progressive advancement in knowledge concerning ruminal ciliates and their inherent biological significance will be helpful in the pursuit of optimizing rumen functionality and refining animal production outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Matra M, Phupaboon S, Totakul P, Prommachart R, Shah AA, Shah AM, Wanapat M. Microencapsulation of Mitragyna leaf extracts to be used as a bioactive compound source to enhance in vitro fermentation characteristics and microbial dynamics. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:74-83. [PMID: 37946435 PMCID: PMC10766463 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitragyna speciosa Korth is traditionally used in Thailand. They have a high level of antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds, the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and decrease methane production. The aim of the study was to investigate the different levels of microencapsulated-Mitragyna leaves extracts (MMLE) supplementation on nutrient degradability, rumen ecology, microbial dynamics, and methane production in an in vitro study. METHODS A completely randomized design was used to assign the experimental treatments, MMLE was supplemented at 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. RESULTS The addition of MMLE significantly increased in vitro dry matter degradability both at 12, 24, and 48 h, while ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was improved with MMLE supplementation. The MMLE had the greatest propionate and total volatile fatty acid production when added with 6% of total DM substrate, while decreased the methane production (12, 24, and 48 h). Furthermore, the microbial population of cellulolytic bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were increased, whilst Methanobacteriales was decreased with MMLE feeding. CONCLUSION The results indicated that MMLE could be a potential alternative plant-based bioactive compound supplement to be used as ruminant feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Pajaree Totakul
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130,
Thailand
| | - Ronnachai Prommachart
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology, Tawan-Ok 20110,
Thailand
| | - Assar Ali Shah
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Livestock Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sakrand 67210, Sindh,
Pakistan
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
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Alayón-Gamboa JA, Albores-Moreno S, Jiménez-Ferrer G, Alarcón-Zúñiga B, Miranda-Romero LA, Pérez-Luna EJ, Canul-Solís J. Tropical tree foliage supplementation in ruminants improves rumen fermentation and the bacterial profile and decreases methane production. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4510-4522. [PMID: 36639141 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of tropical tree foliage in ruminant diets on the in vitro fermentation, bacterial population, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and enteric CH4 production. Seven experimental diets were evaluated: a control treatment of Pennisetum purpureum (T7) and six treatments of P. purpureum supplemented (30%) with the foliage of Neomillspaughia emargiata (T1), Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia (T2), Caesalpinia gaumeri (T3), Piscidia piscipula (T4), Leucaena leucocephala (T5), and Havardia albicans (T6). The T2, T7, and T5 treatments had the highest (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter. Overall, supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of propionic and butyric acid and decreased acetic acid. Methanogenic bacteria decreased (p < 0.05) in T1, T2, T5, and T6. Ruminococcus albus decreased in T1, T2, T3, and T5 and Selenomonas ruminiantum increased in T3. Fibrobacter succinogenes increased, except in T5. Methane production decreased (p < 0.05) in T1, T4, T5, and T6. The supplementation with Leucaena leucocephala, Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia, Neomillspaughia emargiata, Piscidia piscipula, Havardia albicans, and Caesalpinia gaumeri is a potential alternative nutritional strategy for ruminants that results in positive changes in VFAs profile, a decrease on CH4 production and methanogenic bacteria, and changes on fibrolytic and non-fibrolytic bacteria composition.HIGHLIGHTSTropical tree foliage supplementation increased propionic and butyric acid and decreased acetic acid concentrations.Fibrolytic, non-fibrolytic, and Methanogenic bacteria were selectively modulated with the supplementation of tropical tree foliage.The enteric methane (CH4) production decreased with the supplementation of tree foliage.The supplementation of Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia and Leucaena leucocephala had the highest digestibility and is a potential alternative nutritional strategy for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Alarcón-Zúñiga
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - L A Miranda-Romero
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - E J Pérez-Luna
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences C-V, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J Canul-Solís
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological Institute of Tizimín, Tizimín, Mexico
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Thorsteinsson M, Maigaard M, Lund P, Weisbjerg M, Nielsen M. Effect of fumaric acid in combination with Asparagopsis taxiformis or nitrate on in vitro gas production, pH, and redox potential. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:335-339. [PMID: 37727239 PMCID: PMC10505769 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in enteric methane (CH4) emissions from cattle can be achieved through use of feed additives, which often results in increased emission of hydrogen (H2). The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of a known hydrogen sink, fumaric acid, in combination with either of 2 methane inhibitors, the macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis or nitrate, on CH4 and H2 production, feed degradability, pH, and redox potential. A corn silage (0.5 g; control) was incubated in buffered rumen fluid with the addition of 0.025 g of nitrate (Nit), 0.025 g of dried A. taxiformis (Asp), 0.025 g of nitrate + 0.025 g of fumaric acid (Nit+Fum), or 0.025 g of dried A. taxiformis + 0.025 g of fumaric acid (Asp+Fum). Accumulated gas production was determined using the AnkomRF system equipped with airtight gasbags. There were 9 replicates per treatment with 3 replicates per treatment stopped after 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. The amount of undegraded feed was determined by filtration. Gas composition was determined by gas chromatography. Degradable dry matter, degradable organic matter, pH, redox potential, and gas production data were analyzed using a mixed model. Asp and Asp+Fum reduced CH4 production by 98% or greater at all incubation times, whereas Nit and Nit+Fum reduced CH4 production (mL of CH4/g of dry matter) by 52% to 63% compared with the control. Hydrogen was only detectable in gas from Asp and Asp+Fum treatments, with no difference in H2 production between the 2 treatments. The treatments had only minor effects on redox potential in the fermented rumen fluid, and pH was lowest for treatments including A. taxiformis. In conclusion, both A. taxiformis and nitrate reduced CH4 production. Fumaric acid in combination with A. taxiformis did not reduce H2 production, and treatments including nitrate did not result in any detectable levels of H2. Future dose-response in vitro studies will contribute to investigating the potential of fumaric acid as a hydrogen sink during CH4 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg–Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M.R. Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg–Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M.O. Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg–Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Fu Y, Yao S, Wang T, Lu Y, Han H, Liu X, Lv D, Ma X, Guan S, Yao Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Li S, Yang N, Liu G. Effects of melatonin on rumen microorganisms and methane production in dairy cow: results from in vitro and in vivo studies. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:196. [PMID: 37644507 PMCID: PMC10463863 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane (CH4) is a major greenhouse gas, and ruminants are one of the sources of CH4 which is produced by the rumen microbiota. Modification of the rumen microbiota compositions will impact the CH4 production. In this study, the effects of melatonin on methane production in cows were investigated both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly reduced methane production in both studies. The cows treated with melatonin reduced methane emission from their respiration by approximately 50%. The potential mechanisms are multiple. First, melatonin lowers the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production in rumen and reduces the raw material for CH4 synthesis. Second, melatonin not only reduces the abundance of Methanobacterium which are responsible for generating methane but also inhibits the populations of protozoa to break the symbiotic relationship between Methanobacterium and protozoa in rumen to further lowers the CH4 production. The reduced VFA production is not associated with food intake, and it seems also not to jeopardize the nutritional status of the cows. This was reflected by the increased milk lipid and protein contents in melatonin treated compared to the control cows. It is likely that the energy used to synthesize methane is saved to compensate the reduced VFA production. CONCLUSION This study enlightens the potential mechanisms by which melatonin reduces rumen methane production in dairy cows. Considering the greenhouse effects of methane on global warming, these findings provide valuable information using different approaches to achieve low carbon dairy farming to reduce the methane emission. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Huigang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Hu H, Zhu H, Yang H, Yao W, Zheng W. In vitro fermentation properties of magnesium hydride and related modulation effects on broiler cecal microbiome and metabolome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175858. [PMID: 37621394 PMCID: PMC10445219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium hydride (MGH), a highly promising hydrogen-producing substance/additive for hydrogen production through its hydrolysis reaction, has the potential to enhance broiler production. However, before incorporating MGH as a hydrogen-producing additive in broiler feed, it is crucial to fully understand its impact on microbiota and metabolites. In vitro fermentation models provide a fast, reproducible, and direct assessment tool for microbiota metabolism and composition. This study aims to investigate the effects of MGH and coated-magnesium hydride (CMG) on fermentation characteristics, as well as the microbiota and metabolome in the culture of in vitro fermentation using cecal inocula from broilers. After 48 h of incubation, it was observed that the presence of MGH had a significant impact on various factors. Specifically, the content of N-NH3 decreased, while the total hydrogen gas and total SCFAs increased. Furthermore, the presence of MGH promoted the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Blautia, Coprobacillus, and Dysgonomonas. On the other hand, the presence of CMG led to an increase in the concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, and valeric acid. Additionally, CMG affected the diversity of microbiota in the culture, resulting in an enrichment of the relative abundance of Firmicutes, as well as genera of Lactobacillus, Coprococcus, and Eubacterium. Conversely, the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and pathogenic bacteria Shigella decreased. Metabolome analysis revealed that MGH and CMG treatment caused significant changes in 21 co-regulated metabolites, primarily associated with lipid, amino acid, benzenoids, and organooxygen compounds. Importantly, joint correlation analysis revealed that MGH or CMG treatments had a direct impact on the microbiota, which in turn indirectly influenced metabolites in the culture. In summary, the results of this study suggested that both MGH and coated-MGH have similar yet distinct positive effects on the microbiota and metabolites of the broiler cecal in an in vitro fermentation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Li Z, Qiu H, Lan X, Wang Z, Shen W, Wan F, Xiao D, He J. Appropriate particle size of rice straw promoted rumen fermentation and regulated bacterial microbiota in a rumen simulation technique system. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1185191. [PMID: 37377951 PMCID: PMC10291129 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of different particle sizes of rice straw on the rumen protozoa count, nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microbial community in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. In this experiment, a single-factor random trial design was adopted. According to the different particle sizes of rice straw, there were three treatments with three replies in each treatment. Three kinds of goat total mixed ration (TMR), with the same nutrients were used to carry out a 10 days in vitro fermentation experiment using the rumen simulation system developed by Hunan Agricultural University, including 6 days the pretrial period and 4 days formal period. This study found that the organic matter disappearance rate, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetate, propionate, and iso-butyrate were greatest in the 4 mm group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity, among the three groups (p > 0.05). The relative abundance of Treponema and Ruminococcus of the 2 mm group increased; the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio and Prevotella in samples increased in the 4 mm group. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that Prevotella and Ruminococcus was positively correlated with butyrate, ammonia-N, dOM and d ADF (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with valerate (p < 0.05); Oscillospira was positively correlated with valerate (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with propionate, butyrate, ammonia-N, dOM and dADF (p < 0.05). The present results imply that compared to the other groups, rice straw particle size of 4 mm may improve the disappearance rate of nutrients and promote the production of volatile fatty acids by regulating ruminal microorganisms.
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13
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Romero P, Huang R, Jiménez E, Palma-Hidalgo JM, Ungerfeld EM, Popova M, Morgavi DP, Belanche A, Yáñez-Ruiz DR. Evaluating the effect of phenolic compounds as hydrogen acceptors when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited in vitro – Part 2. Dairy goats. Animal 2023; 17:100789. [PMID: 37087998 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production in the rumen induce an excess of rumen dihydrogen (H2) that is expelled and consequently not redirected to the synthesis of metabolites that can be utilised by the ruminant. We hypothesised that phenolic compounds can be potential H2 acceptors when added to the diet, as they can be degraded to compounds that may be beneficial for the animal, using part of the H2 available when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited. We performed four in vitro incubation experiments using rumen inoculum from Murciano-Granadina adult goats: Experiment 1 examined the inhibitory potential of Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of the substrate on a DM basis) in 24 h incubations; Experiment 2 investigated the effect of a wide range of phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, gallic acid and formic acid) at different doses (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) on rumen fermentation for 24 h; Experiment 3 evaluated the combined effect of each phenolic compound at 6 mM with AT at 2% DM in sequential batch cultures for 5 days; and Experiment 4 examined the dose-response effect of phloroglucinol at different concentrations (0, 6, 16, 26 and 36 mM) combined with AT in sequential batch cultures for 5 days. Results from Experiment 1 confirmed that AT at 2% DM substantially inhibited CH4 production while significantly increasing H2 accumulation and decreasing the acetate:propionate ratio. Results from Experiment 2 showed that phenolic compounds did not negatively affect rumen fermentation at any dose. In Experiment 3, each phenolic compound at 6 mM combined with AT at 2% DM inhibited CH4 production. Phloroglucinol numerically decreased H2 accumulation and significantly increased total gas production (TGP), volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and the acetate:propionate ratio. In Experiment 4, phloroglucinol at increasing doses supplemented with AT at 2% DM significantly decreased H2 accumulation and the abundances of archaea, protozoa and fungi abundances, and increased TGP, total VFA production and the acetate:propionate ratio in a dose-dependent way. In conclusion, combined treatment with AT and phloroglucinol was successful to mitigate CH4 production while preventing the accumulation of H2, leading to an increase in acetate and total VFA production and therefore an improvement in rumen fermentation in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Romero
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - R Huang
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - E Jiménez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J M Palma-Hidalgo
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile
| | - M Popova
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - D P Morgavi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - A Belanche
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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14
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Wang K, Xiong B, Zhao X. Could propionate formation be used to reduce enteric methane emission in ruminants? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158867. [PMID: 36122712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for meat and milk, the livestock industry has to increase its production. Without improving its efficiency, increased livestock, especially ruminant animals, will worsen the environmental damage, mainly from enteric CH4 emission. Enteric CH4 emission from ruminants not only exacerbates the global greenhouse effect but also reduces feed energy efficiency for the animals. The rumen disposes of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) primarily through methanogenesis and propionate formation. Theoretically, redirecting [H] from methanogenesis to propionate formation to reduce CH4 production could be a promising method for reducing greenhouse gas emission from ruminants, and may also increase animal productivity. However, the feasibility of such a shifting has never been synthetically discussed. Thus, the objectives of this review are to provide a brief overview of the biochemical pathways for disposal of H2 in the rumen, to analyze current feeding strategies that potentially promote propionate formation and their effects on methanogenesis, and to deliberate the challenge and opportunity associated with propionate formation as a sink to store the [H] shifting from enteric CH4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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15
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Yamada K, Iwamae K, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Batch culture analysis to identify potent organic acids for suppressing ruminal methane production. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13873. [PMID: 37721187 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
We performed an in vitro rumen batch culture study to screen 11 commercially available organic acids for methane-suppressing ability and analyzed the rumen microbiota to determine the mode of action of the acids that showed potent methane-suppressing activity. Nine of the 11 acids showed methane-suppressing activity. Maleic anhydride, itaconate, citrate, and fumarate, which showed the highest activity, were further examined. These four acids showed methane-suppressing activity irrespective of the hay-to-concentrate ratios of the substrate. Maleic anhydride and itaconate decreased total gas and short-chain fatty acid production. Maleic anhydride and fumarate increased propionate production, while itaconate increased butyrate production. Maleic anhydride, itaconate, and citrate increased lactate production. Fumarate increased the abundance of bacteria involved in propionate production. Maleic anhydride, itaconate, and citrate increased the abundance of bacteria involved in lactate production. Thus, the results indicate that maleic anhydride, itaconate, and citrate may decrease methane in part by stimulating the acrylate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyouko Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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16
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Abd’quadri-Abojukoro AN, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Nsahlai IV. Phytochemical composition and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of some selected plants. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2119979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanah M. Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Ignatius V. Nsahlai
- Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
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17
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Sun X, Wang Y, Ma X, Li S, Wang W. Producing natural functional and low-carbon milk by regulating the diet of the cattle-The fatty acid associated rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation, and microorganism response. Front Nutr 2022; 9:955846. [PMID: 36337624 PMCID: PMC9626764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.955846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has drawn significant attention in the last two decades for its various potent beneficial effects on human health, such as anticarcinogenic and antidiabetic properties. CLA could be generally found in ruminant products, such as milk. The amount of CLA in ruminant products mainly depends on the diet of the animals. In general, the fat content in the ruminant diet is low, and dietary fat supplementation can be provided to improve rumen activity and the fatty acid (FA) profile of meat and milk. Especially, dietary 18-carbon polyunsaturated FA (C18 PUFA), the dominant fat source for ruminants, can modify the milk FA profile and other components by regulating the ruminal microbial ecosystem. In particular, it can improve the CLA in milk, intensify the competition for metabolic hydrogen for propionate producing pathways and decrease methane formation in the rumen. Therefore, lipid supplementation appears to be a promising strategy to naturally increase the additional nutritional value of milk and contribute to lower methane emissions. Meanwhile, it is equally important to reveal the effects of dietary fat supplementation on rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation (BH) process, feed digestion, and microorganisms. Moreover, several bacterial species and strains have been considered to be affected by C18 PUFA or being involved in the process of lipolysis, BH, CLA, or methane emissions. However, no review so far has thoroughly summarized the effects of C18 PUFA supplementation on milk CLA concentration and methane emission from dairy cows and meanwhile taken into consideration the processes such as the microorganisms, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and BH of dairy cattle. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of existing knowledge of how dietary fat affects rumen microbiota and several metabolic processes, such as fermentation and BH, and therefore contributes to functional and low-carbon milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Dhakal R, Ronquillo MG, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Hansen HH. Effect of Autochthonous Nepalese Fruits on Nutrient Degradation, Fermentation Kinetics, Total Gas Production, and Methane Production in In-Vitro Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172199. [PMID: 36077918 PMCID: PMC9454832 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of autochthonous Nepalese fruits on nutrient degradation, fermentation kinetics, total gas production, and methane production in in-vitro rumen fermentation. The fruits of Terminalia chebula (HA), Terminalia bellirica (BA), and Triphala churna (TC), a commercial mixture with equal parts (33.3% DM basis) of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, and Terminalia chebula, were used. These were tested at three inclusion levels of 20% 40% and 100% of the total sample (as dry matter) in maize silage (MS). MS was used as a control (0% additive). These 10 treatments were tested for two 48-h incubations with quadruplicate samples using rumen fluid from 2 heifers. Total gas production (TGP: mL at standard temperature and pressure (STP)/g DM), methane production (expressed as % and mL/g DM), and volatile fatty acids were determined. After incubations, the filtrate was used to measure pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA), while the residue was used to measure degraded dry matter (dDM) and calculate the partitioning factor (PF48) and theoretical short-chain fatty acid concentration (tVFA). Rumen fluid pH linearly (p < 0.01) decreased in all treatments with increasing dose during fermentation. The CH4% was less in all three treatments with 100% autochthonous plants than in control, but there were no significant linear or quadratic effects for increasing BA, HA, and TC doses. The PF48 increased for all treatments with a significant linear and quadratic effect (p < 0.05) of increasing dose. Compared to MS, the inclusion of autochthonous plants increased the total volatile fatty acids, with no significant dose effects. The tVFA linearly decreased (p > 0.05) with an increasing dose of BA and HA. All treatments showed quadratic effects on tVFA (p < 0.05) with increasing dose. Increasing TC dose linearly (p < 0.05) and quadratically (p < 0.05) increased total VFA, while increasing HA dose had only a quadratic (p < 0.05) effect on total VFA. All treatments reduced total gas production (TGP) and methane concentration (CH4%) when compared to MS. The tested autochthonous fruits can be used as additives with a basal feed diet to reduce enteric methane emissions. The most effective anti-methanogenic treatment was 40% HA, which resulted in 18% methane reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Dhakal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto Literario 100, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Reading, P.O. Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Hanne Helene Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Brice RM, Dele PA, Ike KA, Shaw YA, Olagunju LK, Orimaye OE, Subedi K, Anele UY. Effects of Essential Oil Blends on In Vitro Apparent and Truly Degradable Dry Matter, Efficiency of Microbial Production, Total Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Two Dairy Cow Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172185. [PMID: 36077909 PMCID: PMC9454440 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated nine essential oil blends (EOBs) for their effects on ruminal in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), efficiency of microbial production, total short-chain fatty acid concentration (SCFA), total gas, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using two dietary substrates (high forage and high concentrate). The study was arranged as a 2 × 2 × 9 + 1 factorial design to evaluate the effects of the nine EOBs on the two dietary substrates at two time points (6 and 24 h). The inclusion levels of the EOBs were 0 µL (control) and 100 µL with three laboratory replicates. Substrate × EOBs × time interactions were not significant (p > 0.05) for total gas and greenhouse gas emissions. The inclusion of EOBs in the diets resulted in a reduction (p < 0.001) in GHG emissions, except for EOB1 and EOB8 in the high concentrate diet at 6 h and for EOB8 in the high forage diet at 24 h of incubation. Diet type had no effect on apparent IVDMD (IVADMD) whereas the inclusion of EOBs reduced (p < 0.05) IVADMD with higher values noted for the control treatment. The efficiency of microbial production was greater (p < 0.001) for EOB treatments except for EOB1 inclusion in the high forage diet. The inclusion of EOBs affected (p < 0.001) the total and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid concentrations. Overall, the inclusion of the EOBs modified the rumen function resulting in improved efficiency of microbial production. Both the apparent and truly degraded DM was reduced in the EOB treatments. The inclusion of EOBs also resulted in reduced GHG emissions in both diets, except for EOB8 in the high forage diet which was slightly higher than the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta M. Brice
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Peter A. Dele
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Kelechi A. Ike
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Yasmine A. Shaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Lydia K. Olagunju
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Oluteru E. Orimaye
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Kiran Subedi
- Analytical Services Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Uchenna Y. Anele
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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The Effect of Phytonutrients in Terminalia chebula Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162022. [PMID: 36009612 PMCID: PMC9404407 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula meal (TCM) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and protozoal population in goats. Eight goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 13 ± 3.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive different levels of TCM supplementation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. The goats were fed with concentrate diets at 13 g/kg BW, while rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. The results revealed that the feed intake and the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (CP) digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when supplemented with TCM at 24 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05). The addition of TCM did not change the ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas the concentration of NH3-N at 4 h post feeding was reduced with the inclusion of TCM at 16 and 24 g/kg of total DM intake. The total numbers of bacteria were enhanced by the addition of TCM, while the protozoal population, in both entodiniomorph and holotrich, was reduced (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TCM did not change the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid, or butyric acid, while the propionic acid concentration at 4-h post feeding increased significantly, especially when supplemented at 16 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05. In addition, urinary nitrogen (N) excretion decreased, while fecal N excretion, N absorption, N retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake increased with the inclusion of TCM at all levels. In summary, the inclusion of TCM could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and N balance without having an adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen ecology; however, the protozoal population decreased. Therefore, this study suggests that TCM (16 g/kg of total DM intake) could be used as a plant source for rumen enhancement in goats fed a diet based on rice straw without having an adverse effect on feed intake or nutrient digestion. However, further studies on the production of types of meat and milk that have a long-term feeding trial should be carried out.
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Altering Methane Emission, Fatty Acid Composition, and Microbial Profile during In Vitro Ruminant Fermentation by Manipulating Dietary Fatty Acid Ratios. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on in vitro ruminant fermentation. Methane production, fatty acid composition, and microbial profiles were compared after the in vitro fermentation of rumen fluid collected from cows that had been fed isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets at three different n-6/n-3 ratios: 3.04 (HN6, high n-6 source), 2.03 (MN6, medium n-6 source), and 0.8 (LN6, low n-6 source). The fermented rumen fluid pH and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the HN6 group as compared with those in the MN6 and LN6 groups. Additionally, the HN6 group produced a significantly lower (p < 0.05) proportion of methane than the MN6 group during in vitro fermentation. The MN6 and LN6 groups had significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 in the fermented rumen fluid, respectively, as compared with the HN6 group. The Chao 1 diversity index value was lower (p < 0.05) in the HN6 group than in the MN6 and LN6 groups. The observed species richness was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the HN6 group than in the MN6 group. The reduced relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 and Selenomonas in the HN6 group resulted in lower pH and VFA levels (i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA) during in vitro fermentation. Furthermore, n-6 and n-3 PUFAs were toxic to Butyrivibrio_2 growth, resulting in high levels of incomplete biohydrogenation. Taken together, the study findings suggest that supplementation of high-forage diets with high levels of n-6 PUFAs could reduce methane emissions, whereas both VFA concentration and pH are reduced.
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Savin KW, Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Bath C, Hemsworth J, Wang J, Ram D, Zawadzki J, Rochfort S, Cocks BG. Dietary wheat and reduced methane yield are linked to rumen microbiome changes in dairy cows. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268157. [PMID: 35587477 PMCID: PMC9119556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of pasture grasses and grains in the rumen of dairy cows and other ruminants produces methane as a by-product, wasting energy and contributing to the atmospheric load of greenhouse gasses. Many feeding trials in farmed ruminants have tested the impact of dietary components on feed efficiency, productivity and methane yield (MeY). Such diets remodel the rumen microbiome, altering bacterial, archaeal, fungal and protozoan populations, with an altered fermentation outcome. In dairy cows, some dietary grains can reduce enteric methane production. This is especially true of wheat, in comparison to corn or barley. Using a feeding trial of cows fed rolled wheat, corn or barley grain, in combination with hay and canola, we identified wheat-associated changes in the ruminal microbiome. Ruminal methane production, pH and VFA concentration data together with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences were used to compare ruminal bacterial and archaeal populations across diets. Differential abundance analysis of clustered sequences (OTU) identified members of the bacterial families Lachnospiraceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, Selenomonadaceae, Anaerovoracaceae and Fibrobacteraceae having a strong preference for growth in wheat-fed cows. Within the methanogenic archaea, (at >99% 16S rRNA sequence identity) the growth of Methanobrevibacter millerae was favoured by the non-wheat diets, while Methanobrevibacter olleyae was unaffected. From the wheat-preferring bacteria, correlation analysis found OTU strongly linked to reduced MeY, reduced pH and raised propionic acid levels. OTU from the genera Shuttleworthia and Prevotella_7 and especially Selenomonadaceae had high anti-methane correlations. An OTU likely representing (100% sequence identity) the fumarate-reducing, hydrogen-utilising, rumen bacterium Mitsuokella jalaludinii, had an especially high negative correlation coefficient (-0.83) versus MeY and moderate correlation (-0.6) with rumen pH, strongly suggesting much of the MeY suppression is due to reduced hydrogen availablity. Other OTU, representing as yet unknown species from the Selenomonadaceae family and the genera Prevotella_7, Fibrobacter and Syntrophococcus also had high to moderate negative MeY correlations, but low correlation with pH. These latter likely represent bacterial species able to reduce MeY without causing greater ruminal acidity, making them excellent candidates, provided they can be isolated, for development as anti-methane probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Savin
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Peter J. Moate
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Carolyn Bath
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Hemsworth
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianghui Wang
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Doris Ram
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jody Zawadzki
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin G. Cocks
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Wu D, Du S, Liu N, Li Z, Yao J, Jia Y, Qi J, Xu M. No interactions among three methane inhibitors on in vitro methane production. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2076684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- Youran Dairy. Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jia
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- Youran Dairy. Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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Fouts JQ, Honan MC, Roque BM, Tricarico JM, Kebreab E. Board Invited Review: Enteric methane mitigation interventions. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac041. [PMID: 35529040 PMCID: PMC9071062 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigation of enteric methane (CH4) presents a feasible approach to curbing agriculture’s contribution to climate change. One intervention for reduction is dietary reformulation, which manipulates the composition of feedstuffs in ruminant diets to redirect fermentation processes toward low CH4 emissions. Examples include reducing the relative proportion of forages to concentrates, determining the rate of digestibility and passage rate from the rumen, and dietary lipid inclusion. Feed additives present another intervention for CH4 abatement and are classified based on their mode of action. Through inhibition of key enzymes, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and halogenated compounds directly target the methanogenesis pathway. Rumen environment modifiers, including nitrates, essential oils, and tannins, act on the conditions that affect methanogens and remove the accessibility of fermentation products needed for CH4 formation. Low CH4-emitting animals can also be directly or indirectly selected through breeding interventions, and genome-wide association studies are expected to provide efficient selection decisions. Overall, dietary reformulation and feed additive inclusion provide immediate and reversible effects, while selective breeding produces lasting, cumulative CH4 emission reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Q Fouts
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Mallory C Honan
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Breanna M Roque
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- FutureFeed Pty Ltd Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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25
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Smith P, Reay D, Smith J. Agricultural methane emissions and the potential formitigation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200451. [PMID: 34565225 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the largest anthropogenic source of methane (CH4), emitting 145 Tg CH4 y-1 to the atmosphere in 2017. The main sources are enteric fermentation, manure management, rice cultivation and residue burning. There is significant potential to reduce CH4 from these sources, with bottom-up mitigation potentials of approximately 10.6, 10, 2 and 1 Tg CH4 y-1 from rice management, enteric fermentation, manure management and residue burning. Other system-wide studies have assumed even higher potentials of 4.8-47.2 Tg CH4 y-1 from reduced enteric fermentation, and 4-36 Tg CH4 y-1 from improved rice management. Biogas (a methane-rich gas mixture generated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and used for energy) also has the potential to reduce unabated CH4 emissions from animal manures and human waste. In addition to these supply side measures, interventions on the demand-side (shift to a plant-based diet and a reduction in total food loss and waste by 2050) would also significantly reduce methane emissions, perhaps in the order of greater than 50 Tg CH4 y-1. While there is a pressing need to reduce emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O) due to their persistence in the atmosphere, despite CH4 being a short-lived greenhouse gas, the urgency of reducing warming means we must reduce any GHG emissions we can as soon as possible. Because of this, mitigation actions should focus on reducing emissions of all the three main anthropogenic greenhouse gases, including CH4. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Dave Reay
- School of Geosciences and Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Innovation, University of Edinburgh, High School Yards, Edinburgh EH1 1LZ, UK
| | - Jo Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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Astragalus membranaceus Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113236. [PMID: 34827968 PMCID: PMC8614378 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Astragalus membranaceus is a widely used traditional Chinese herb that has been used by humans for hundreds of years. The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) is regarded as one of the remaining ‘Green’ places in the world. With the fast-developing intensive livestock production, sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices are required urgently on the QTP. In the current study, Tibetan sheep were supplemented with the root of Astragalus membranaceus (AMT) to reduce the use of chemical veterinary drugs and antibiotics, and to examine the effect on rumen bacteria, the antioxidant capacities and immunity indices of small intestinal mucosa and meat tissue, and the liver metabolome responses. Abstract Natural, non-toxic feed additives can potentially replace chemical medications and antibiotics that are offered sheep to improve performance. In the present study, Tibetan sheep were supplemented with the root of Astragalus membranaceus (AMT), a traditional herb used widely in China. Twenty-four male Tibetan sheep (31 ± 1.4 kg; 9-month-old) were assigned randomly to one of four levels of supplementary AMT: 0 g/kg (A0), 20 g/kg (A20), 50 g/kg (A50) and 80 g/kg (A80) dry matter intake (DMI). The A50 and A80 groups increased the diversity of rumen bacteria on d 14 and the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria. Supplementary AMT upregulated the metabolism of vitamins, nucleotides, amino acids and glycan, and downregulated the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. In addition, supplementary AMT enriched rumen bacteria for drug resistance, and reduced bacteria incurring cell motility. In general, AMT supplementation increased the concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucosa and CAT and SOD in meat tissue. The liver tissue metabolome response showed that AMT in the A80 lambs compared to the A0 lambs upregulated the metabolites for energy synthesis. It was concluded that supplementary A. membranaceus increased the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria and improved the antioxidant capacities and immunity indices of small intestinal mucosa and meat tissue in Tibetan sheep.
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Khonkhaeng B, Cherdthong A, Chantaprasarn N, Harvatine KJ, Foiklang S, Chanjula P, Wanapat M, So S, Polyorach S. Comparative effect of Volvariella volvacea-treated rice straw and purple corn stover fed at different levels on predicted methane production and milk fatty acid profiles in tropical dairy cows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kelln B, Penner G, Acharya S, McAllister T, Lardner H. Impact of condensed tannin-containing legumes on ruminal fermentation, nutrition, and performance in ruminants: a review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Legume forages, such as sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), can increase the forage quality and quantity of Western Canadian pastures, thus increasing producer profitability due to increased gains in grazing ruminants, while also reducing risk of bloat in legume pastures due to the presence of proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins (CT) are secondary plant polyphenol compounds that have been regarded as anti-nutritional due to their ability to bind protein in feeds, enzymes, and microbial cells, therefore disrupting microbial digestion and slowing ruminal protein and dry matter (DM) digestion. Research has shown that at high concentrations (>50 g·kg−1 DM), CT can disrupt microbial digestion. However, at low dietary inclusion rates (5–10 g·kg−1 DM), they reduce bloat risk, increase ruminal undegradable protein, reduce enteric methane production, and benefit anthelmintic activity. Yet, research gaps still exist regarding grazing persistence and forage yield of novel CT-containing forages and their biological activity due to their vast differences in CT stereochemistry, polymer size, and intermolecular linkages. The objectives of this review are to summarize information regarding the impact of CT on ruminal fermentation, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and the potential to identify and select for forages that contain CT for ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.M. Kelln
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G.B. Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - S.N. Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - H.A. Lardner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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Pittaluga AM, Yu S, Li W, McCann JC. Effect of exogenous glucoamylase inclusion on in vitro fermentation and growth performance of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn-based diet. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab082. [PMID: 34159297 PMCID: PMC8212169 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding an exogenous glucoamylase (GA) enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei on in vitro fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn (DRC)-based diet. Experiment 1 evaluated three levels of added enzyme (0, 0.24, and 0.72 GA enzyme units) and two corn particle sizes (CPS; 2 and 4 mm) in a factorial arrangement using a 7 h in vitro batch culture fermentation. Addition of GA increased (P < 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance by 13% and decreased final pH (P < 0.01). Molar proportion of propionate increased with GA inclusion (P < 0.01). A smaller CPS increased (P < 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance and total volatile fatty acid and decreased final pH (P < 0.01). A smaller CPS also decreased (P < 0.01) the molar proportion of acetate and increased (P < 0.01) the molar proportion of butyrate. In experiment 2, Angus × Simmental steers (n = 105; initial body weight [BW] = 329 ± 38 kg) were used to evaluate the inclusion of an exogenous GA on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a basal diet consisting of 60% DRC, 17.5% modified distillers grains with solubles, 12.5% corn silage, and 10% dry supplement on a dry matter basis for 136 d. Steers were blocked by weight and allotted to pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (5 pens/treatment): diet with no GA (CON), low inclusion of GA (122 enzyme units/kg dry matter [DM]; LGA), or high inclusion of GA (183 enzyme units/kg DM; HGA). Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.23) final BW, dry matter intake (DMI), or average daily gain (ADG) for the 136-d feeding period. Feed conversion was affected (P = 0.02) by treatment with steers fed HGA having ~8% greater G:F compared with LGA and CON. Treatment did not affect (P = 0.32) fecal starch. Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) carcass traits including hot carcass weight, 12th rib fat thickness, yield grade, longissimus muscle area, or marbling score. Overall, results suggest inclusion of exogenous GA enzyme increased in vitro dry matter disappearance in batch culture and improved feed conversion in steers fed 183 enzyme units/kg DM during the finishing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shukun Yu
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences ApS, IFF, Brabrand 8220, Denmark
| | - Wenting Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Josh C McCann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Zhang XM, Smith ML, Gruninger RJ, Kung L, Vyas D, McGinn SM, Kindermann M, Wang M, Tan ZL, Beauchemin KA. Combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil supplementation on methane emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract digestibility in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab081. [PMID: 33755112 PMCID: PMC8051842 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual and combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and canola oil (OIL) supplementation on enteric methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract nutrient digestibility were investigated in beef cattle. Eight beef heifers (mean body weight ± SD, 732 ± 43 kg) with ruminal fistulas were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 (with and without 3-NOP) × 2 (with and without OIL) arrangement of treatments and 28-d periods (13 d adaption and 15 d measurements). The four treatments were: control (no 3-NOP, no OIL), 3-NOP (200 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), OIL (50 g/kg DM), and 3-NOP (200 mg/kg DM) plus OIL (50 g/kg DM). Animals were fed restrictively (7.6 kg DM/d) a basal diet of 900 g/kg DM barley silage and 100 g/kg DM supplement. 3-NOP and OIL decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 yield (g/kg DM intake) by 31.6% and 27.4%, respectively, with no 3-NOP × OIL interaction (P = 0.85). Feeding 3-NOP plus OIL decreased CH4 yield by 51% compared with control. There was a 3-NOP × OIL interaction (P = 0.02) for H2 yield (g/kg DM intake); the increase in H2 yield (P < 0.01) due to 3-NOP was less when it was combined with OIL. There were 3-NOP × OIL interactions for molar percentages of acetate and propionate (P < 0.01); individually, 3-NOP and OIL decreased acetate and increased propionate percentages with no further effect when supplemented together. 3-NOP slightly increased crude protein (P = 0.02) and starch (P = 0.01) digestibilities, while OIL decreased the digestibilities of DM (P < 0.01) and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.01) with no interactions (P = 0.15 and 0.10, respectively). 3-NOP and OIL increased (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) saturated fatty acid concentration in rumen fluid, with no interaction effect. Interactions for ruminal trans-monounsaturated fatty acids (t-MUFA) concentration and percentage were observed (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01); 3-NOP had no effect on t-MUFA concentration and percentage, while OIL increased the concentration (P < 0.01) and percentage (P < 0.01) of t-MUFA but to a lesser extent when combined with 3-NOP. In conclusion, the CH4-mitigating effects of 3-NOP and OIL were independent and incremental. Supplementing ruminant diets with a combination of 3-NOP and OIL may help mitigate CH4 emissions, but the decrease in total tract digestibility due to OIL may decrease animal performance and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Min Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Megan L Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert J Gruninger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Limin Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Diwakar Vyas
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Sean M McGinn
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | | | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Zhi Liang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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El-Zaiat H, Kholif A, Moharam M, Attia M, Abdalla A, Sallam S. The ability of tanniniferous legumes to reduce methane production and enhance feed utilization in Barki rams: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Guo X, Bai J, Li F, Xu D, Zhang Y, Bu D, Zhao L. Effects of malate, citrate, succinate and fumarate on fermentation, chemical composition, aerobic stability and digestibility of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Choi YY, Kim SH, Lee YG, Lee SS. Metabolomics Comparison of Hanwoo ( Bos taurus coreanae) Biofluids Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2020; 10:E333. [PMID: 32824041 PMCID: PMC7465992 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic profiles of rumen fluid, serum, and urine from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. In all, 189, 110, and 188 metabolites were identified in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, and 107, 49, and 99 were quantified, respectively. Organic acids, carbohydrates, and aliphatic acyclic compound metabolites were present at the highest concentrations in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In addition, acetate, glucose, and urea were the most highly concentrated individual metabolites in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In all, 77 metabolites were commonly identified, and 19 were quantified across three biofluids. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the common quantified metabolites could provide relevant information about three main metabolic pathways, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; caffeine metabolism; and histidine metabolism. These results can be useful as reference values for future metabolomic research on Hanwoo biofluids in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
| | - Sang Ho Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonrabuk-do, Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.G.L.)
| | - Yoo Gyung Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonrabuk-do, Jeonju-si 55365, Korea; (S.H.K.); (Y.G.L.)
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
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Ungerfeld EM. Metabolic Hydrogen Flows in Rumen Fermentation: Principles and Possibilities of Interventions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:589. [PMID: 32351469 PMCID: PMC7174568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen fermentation affects ruminants productivity and the environmental impact of ruminant production. The release to the atmosphere of methane produced in the rumen is a loss of energy and a cause of climate change, and the profile of volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen affects the post-absorptive metabolism of the host animal. Rumen fermentation is shaped by intracellular and intercellular flows of metabolic hydrogen centered on the production, interspecies transfer, and incorporation of dihydrogen into competing pathways. Factors that affect the growth of methanogens and the rate of feed fermentation impact dihydrogen concentration in the rumen, which in turn controls the balance between pathways that produce and incorporate metabolic hydrogen, determining methane production and the profile of volatile fatty acids. A basic kinetic model of competition for dihydrogen is presented, and possibilities for intervention to redirect metabolic hydrogen from methanogenesis toward alternative useful electron sinks are discussed. The flows of metabolic hydrogen toward nutritionally beneficial sinks could be enhanced by adding to the rumen fermentation electron acceptors or direct fed microbials. It is proposed to screen hydrogenotrophs for dihydrogen thresholds and affinities, as well as identifying and studying microorganisms that produce and utilize intercellular electron carriers other than dihydrogen. These approaches can allow identifying potential microbial additives to compete with methanogens for metabolic hydrogen. The combination of adequate microbial additives or electron acceptors with inhibitors of methanogenesis can be effective approaches to decrease methane production and simultaneously redirect metabolic hydrogen toward end products of fermentation with a nutritional value for the host animal. The design of strategies to redirect metabolic hydrogen from methane to other sinks should be based on knowledge of the physicochemical control of rumen fermentation pathways. The application of new –omics techniques together with classical biochemistry methods and mechanistic modeling can lead to exciting developments in the understanding and manipulation of the flows of metabolic hydrogen in rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Ungerfeld
- Laboratorio de Fermentación Ruminal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro Regional Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
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Ghanbari Maman L, Palizban F, Fallah Atanaki F, Elmi Ghiasi N, Ariaeenejad S, Ghaffari MR, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Kavousi K. Co-abundance analysis reveals hidden players associated with high methane yield phenotype in sheep rumen microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4995. [PMID: 32193482 PMCID: PMC7081230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbial environment hosts a variety of microorganisms that interact with each other to carry out the feed digestion and generation of several by-products especially methane, which plays an essential role in global warming as a greenhouse gas. However, due to its multi-factorial nature, the exact cause of methane production in the rumen has not yet been fully determined. The current study is an attempt to use system modeling to analyze the relationship between interacting components of rumen microbiome and its role in methane production. Metagenomic data of sheep rumen, with equal numbers of high methane yield (HMY) and low methane yield (LMY) samples, were used. As a well-known approach for the systematic comparative study of complex traits, the co-abundance networks were constructed in both operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and gene levels. A gene-catalog of 1,444 different rumen microbial strains was developed as a reference to measure gene abundances. The results from both types of co-abundance networks showed that methanogens, which are the main ruminal source for methanogenesis, need other microbial species to accomplish the task of methane production through producing the main precursor molecules like H2 and acetate for methanogenesis pathway as their byproducts. KEGG Orthology(KO) analysis of the current study shows that the metabolism and growth rate of methanogens will be increased due to the higher rate of the metabolism and carbohydrate/fiber digestion pathways in the hidden elements. This finding proposes that any ruminant methane yield alteration strategy should consider complex interactions of rumen microbiome components as one tightly integrated unit rather than several separate parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghanbari Maman
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Palizban
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Fallah Atanaki
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Elmi Ghiasi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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du Toit CJL, van Niekerk WA, Meissner HH, Erasmus LJ, Coertze RJ. Methane emissions from sheep fed Eragrostis curvula hay substituted with Lespedeza cuneata. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases from livestock production systems is a global research priority. Forages that contain condensed tannins, such as the perennial legume Lespedeza cuneata, may help to reduce ruminant methane (CH4) emissions.
Aims
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of L. cuneata hay on feed intake and enteric CH4 emissions of sheep fed a basal diet of subtropical Eragrostis curvula hay.
Methods
Four adult ruminally cannulated Dohne Merino wethers with initial bodyweight of 65.5 ± 3.5 kg were used in the experiment in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four experimental treatments were E. curvula hay substituted with 0%, 30%, 60% and 90% L. cuneata hay. Each of four experimental periods lasted 27 days, which consisted of a 14-day adaptation period, a 7-day digestibility trial, and a 6-day CH4-measurement period. During the 6-day CH4-measurement period, CH4 emissions were measured continuously over a 24-h period by using an open circuit respiration system.
Key results
Dry matter intake (DMI, g/kg W0.75) was higher (P < 0.05) for sheep receiving 60% and 90% L. cuneata than 0% and 30% L. cuneata (77.33 and 84.67 g/kg W0.75 vs 62.96 and 62.71 g/kg W0.75). The increase in DMI corresponded with a linear increase in DM digestibility of the experimental treatments from 38% to 45% as the level of L. cuneata substitution increased. Methane yield was not influenced (P > 0.05) by 30% inclusion of L. cuneata (17.6 g CH4/kg DMI) but decreased (P < 0.05) as the inclusion level increased to 60% and 90% (13.8 and 14.3 g CH4/kg DMI).
Conclusions
Inclusion of L. cuneata hay in a diet based on E. curvula hay improved diet digestibility, and led to increased concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrates. Substituting E. curvula hay with 60% L. cuneata on a DM basis resulted in the greatest reduction in CH4 yield of 21.4% compared with a diet of 100% E. curvula.
Implications
The results suggest that L. cuneata has the potential to reduce CH4 yield and possibly increase production from sheep by improving diet DM digestibility and through improved DMI.
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Khonkhaeng B, Cherdthong A. Pleurotus Ostreatus and Volvariella Volvacea Can Enhance the Quality of Purple Field Corn Stover and Modulate Ruminal Fermentation and Feed Utilization in Tropical Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1084. [PMID: 31817269 PMCID: PMC6941118 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This objective is to elucidate the effect of purple field corn stover treated with Pleurotus ostreatus and Volvarialla volvacea on feed utilization, ruminal ecology, and CH4 synthesis in tropical beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle (100 ± 30 kg of body weight (BW) were assigned randomly as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A (roughage sources) was rice straw and purple field corn stover and factor B was species of white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus and V. volvacea). After fermentation, crude protein (CP) was increased in rice straw and purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. The unfermented purple field corn stover contained 11.8% dry matter (DM) of monomeric anthocyanin (MAC), whereas the MAC concentration decreased when purple field corn stover was fermented with white rot fungi. There were no changes (p > 0.05) in DM intake of body weight (BW) kg/d and g/kg BW0.75 among the four treatments. The organic matter (OM), CP, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake were different between rice straw and purple field corn stover and were the greatest in the purple field corn stover group. Moreover, the current study showed that neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF digestion was higher in purple field corn stover than in rice straw, but there were no significant differences between P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. There were significant effects of roughage sources on ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) at 4 h after feeding. Bacterial population was changed by feeding with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. On the other hand, the number of protozoa was reduced by approximately 33% at 4 h after feeding with purple field corn stover (p < 0.01). Propionic acid concentration was different between roughage sources (p < 0.01) enhanced with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. In addition, methane production decreased by 15% with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea compared to rice straw. There were significant differences on all nitrogen balances parameters (p < 0.05), except the fecal N excretion (p > 0.05) were not changed. Furthermore, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial N synthesis were enhanced when purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea was fed compared to rice straw group. Base on this study, it could be summarized that P. ostreatus or V. volvacea can enhance the quality of purple field corn stover and modulate rumen fermentation and feed digestion in Thai native beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resource Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture, KKU, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
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Marcos CN, Carro MD, Fernández Yepes JE, Haro A, Romero-Huelva M, Molina-Alcaide E. Effects of agroindustrial by-product supplementation on dairy goat milk characteristics, nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and methane production. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1472-1483. [PMID: 31759599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of agroindustrial by-products, such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and dried citrus pulp (DCP), has been widely investigated in dairy cows, but information on their effects in dairy goats is limited. The influence of feeding olive cake (a by-product of olive oil production) to dairy goats has been assessed in some studies, but exhausted olive cake (EOC) has been much less investigated. Twelve Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a crossover design trial with 2 periods to assess the effects of including agroindustrial by-products on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, methane production, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, and milk yield and composition. In each period, 6 goats received daily a control diet comprising 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1 kg of high-cereal concentrate, and another 6 goats received a diet (BYP) comprising 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1 kg of a concentrate including corn DDGS, DCP, and EOC in proportions of 180, 180, and 80 g/kg of concentrate (as-fed basis), respectively. Diet had no effect on total dry matter intake, but intake of alfalfa hay, CP, and fat was greater for the BYP group than for the control group. There were no differences between diets in nutrient apparent digestibility, with the exception of fat, which was greater for the BYP diet compared with the control diet. Although fecal N tended to be greater for the BYP diet, there were no differences in N utilization. Compared with the control diet, milk yield tended to be greater and daily production of milk CP, fat, whey protein, and TS as well as milk gross energy were greater for the BYP diet. The concentration of C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 fatty acids (FA) was or tended to be lower and the concentration of polyunsaturated FA was greater in the milk of BYP-fed goats compared with goats fed the control diet. Diet had no effect on ruminal parameters (pH, volatile FA, and NH3-N concentrations) and methane emissions, but urinary excretion of total purine derivatives tended to be lower in BYP-fed goats than in those fed the control diet. A mixture of corn DDGS (180 g), DCP (180 g), and EOC (80 g) could replace 44% of cereal grains and protein feeds in the concentrate for dairy goats without compromising nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, or milk yield and led to a more unsaturated FA profile in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Marcos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J E Fernández Yepes
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - A Haro
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Romero-Huelva
- Nutrofar SL, Parque Empresarial Los Llanos, Calle Galicia, nº 270, 41909 Salteras, Spain
| | - E Molina-Alcaide
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Natel AS, Abdalla AL, de Araujo RC, McManus C, Paim TDP, de Abdalla Filho AL, Louvandini P, Nazato C. Encapsulated nitrate replacing soybean meal changes in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production in diets differing in concentrate to forage ratio. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1350-1361. [PMID: 31393669 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using encapsulated nitrate product (ENP) replacing soybean meal in diets differing in concentrate to forage ratio on ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro using a semi-automatic gas production technique. Eight treatments were used in a randomized complete design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two diet (20C:80F and 80C:20F concentrate to forage ratio) and four levels of ENP addition (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% of DM) replacing soybean meal. There was a diet × ENP interaction (p = 0.02) for methane production. According to ENP addition, diets with 80C:20F showed more intense reduction on methane production that 20C:80F. A negative linear effect was observed for propionate production with ENP addition in diet with 80C:20F and to the relative abundance of methanogens Archaea, in both diet. The replacement of soybean meal by ENP in levels up to 3% of DM inhibited methane production due to a reduction in the methanogens community without affecting the organic matter degradability. However, ENP at 4.5% of DM level affected fiber degradability, abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, and propionic acid production, indicating that this level of inclusion is not recommended for ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Santanna Natel
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Concepta McManus
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Adibe Luiz de Abdalla Filho
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Nazato
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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El-Zaiat HM, Abdalla AL. Potentials of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on ruminal methanogenesis, feed degradability, and enzyme activities in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30220-30228. [PMID: 31422537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of patchouli essential oil (PEO) as an alternative to antibiotics on ruminal methanogenesis, feed degradability, and enzyme activities were evaluated. The basal substrate was incubated without additives (control, CTL) and with monensin (MON, 6 μM/g DM) or patchouli essential oil (PEO, 90 μg/g DM) for 24 h. In three different runs, the gas production (GP) was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation using a semi-automatic system. The results revealed that MON had decreased (P < 0.05) the net GP and CH4 production and digestible and metabolizable energy relative to PEO supplementation. The in vitro truly degraded organic matter was not influenced by PEO application, while was reduced (P = 0.027) with MON. Both PEO and MON had similar reducing effect on the activity of carboxymethylcellulase (P = 0.030), in vitro truly degraded neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.010), NH3-N concentrations (P = 0.012), acetate proportion (C2, P = 0.046), C2 to C3 ratio (P = 0.023), and total protozoal count (P = 0.017). Both additives recorded similar elevating potential on the α-amylase activity (P = 0.012), propionate (C3) proportion (P = 0.011), and microbial protein (P = 0.034) compared with CTL. Effects of MON and PEO on ruminal feed degradability, microbial enzyme activities, and total protozoa counts may be responsible for modifying rumen fermentation ecology. Addition of PEO may act as a desirable alternative rumen modifier for MON in ruminant diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M El-Zaiat
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Aflaton St., El-Shatby, P.O Box 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
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Cherdthong A, Prachumchai R, Wanapat M, Foiklang S, Chanjula P. Effects of Supplementation with Royal Poinciana Seed Meal ( Delonix regia) on Ruminal Fermentation Pattern, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Blood Metabolites and Mitigation of Methane Emissions in Native Thai Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090625. [PMID: 31470582 PMCID: PMC6770115 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Strategic feeding of ruminants with pellets containing phytochemical compounds is one approach that could enhance rumen fermentation and decrease greenhouse gases. It was found that feeding with the pellets containing royal poinciana seed meal at 150 g/d might be an alternative to improve rumen fermentation efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of ruminants. Abstract The object of this present work was to determine the effects of supplementation with pellets containing royal poinciana seed meal (PEREM) on feed use, ruminal fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites and mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions in cattle. The animals used in this experiment were four male Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with initial body weights (BWs) of 125 ± 5.0 kg. Each of the animals were randomly assigned to receive PEREM doses at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d, respectively, according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Concentrates were fed at 0.5% BW daily, and rice straw was fed ad libitum. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) on intakes of rice straw, concentrate and total diet. The intake of nutrients did not change among the levels of PEREM supplementation (p > 0.05), except for an intake of crude protein, which was linearly enhanced when increasing the dose of PEREM (p < 0.05). The inclusion of different doses of PEREM did not adversely affect the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p > 0.05). Adding various doses of PEREM did not alter ruminal pH and ruminal temperature, while concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen were significantly increased with an increased dose of PEREM supplementation (p < 0.01). The increasing doses of PEREM linearly reduced protozoal numbers (p < 0.01), with the lowest concentration when PEREM was added at 150 g. PEREM supplementation did not change (p > 0.05) the concentration of acetic acid or butyric acid or the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. Nevertheless, the total volatile fatty acid and propionic acid content were changed among PEREM levels (p < 0.05), which were linearly increased with an increasing dose of PEREM. At 4 h post feeding, the CH4 concentrations in the rumen of the animal were linearly reduced when the dose of pellets was increased (p < 0.01). In addition, the inclusion of PEREM did not adversely affect other blood metabolites, namely total protein, creatinine and albumin (p > 0.05). Furthermore, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial N synthesis were linearly enhanced when increasing levels of PEREM were added. The feeding of PEREM at 150 g/d might be an alternative with the potential to improve rumen fermentation efficiency and reduce the environmental effects produced by ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suban Foiklang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiangmai 50290, Thailand
| | - Pin Chanjula
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Islam M, Lee SS. Advanced estimation and mitigation strategies: a cumulative approach to enteric methane abatement from ruminants. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:122-137. [PMID: 31333869 PMCID: PMC6582924 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methane, one of the important greenhouse gas, has a higher global warming
potential than that of carbon dioxide. Agriculture, especially livestock, is
considered as the biggest sector in producing anthropogenic methane. Among
livestock, ruminants are the highest emitters of enteric methane.
Methanogenesis, a continuous process in the rumen, carried out by archaea either
with a hydrogenotrophic pathway that converts hydrogen and carbon dioxide to
methane or with methylotrophic pathway, which the substrate for methanogenesis
is methyl groups. For accurate estimation of methane from ruminants, three
methods have been successfully used in various experiments under different
environmental conditions such as respiration chamber, sulfur hexafluoride tracer
technique, and the automated head-chamber or GreenFeed system. Methane
production and emission from ruminants are increasing day by day with an
increase of ruminants which help to meet up the nutrient demands of the
increasing human population throughout the world. Several mitigation strategies
have been taken separately for methane abatement from ruminant productions such
as animal intervention, diet selection, dietary feed additives, probiotics,
defaunation, supplementation of fats, oils, organic acids, plant secondary
metabolites, etc. However, sustainable mitigation strategies are not established
yet. A cumulative approach of accurate enteric methane measurement and existing
mitigation strategies with more focusing on the biological reduction of methane
emission by direct-fed microbials could be the sustainable methane mitigation
approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Albores-Moreno S, Alayón-Gamboa JA, Miranda-Romero LA, Alarcón-Zúñiga B, Jiménez-Ferrer G, Ku-Vera JC, Piñeiro-Vázquez AT. Effect of tree foliage supplementation of tropical grass diet on in vitro digestibility and fermentation, microbial biomass synthesis and enteric methane production in ruminants. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:893-904. [PMID: 30554366 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of tree foliage species supplemented in ruminant diets based on Pennisetum purpureum on the in vitro digestibility and fermentation, microbial biomass synthesis and enteric methane production. Seven experimental diets were evaluated, including a control treatment based on P. purpureum (PT) grass, and six additional treatments supplemented with 30.0% foliage from Neomillspaughia emargiata (NE), Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia (TA), Caesalpinia gaumeri (CG), Piscidia piscipula (PP), Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Havardia albicans (HA). A randomised complete block design repeated in two periods (block) was used. The highest gas production (P < 0.05) was recorded in treatments TA and PT (237 and 228 mL g-1, respectively). The highest in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) (P < 0.05) was recorded in the control treatment PT (57.9% and 66.1%, respectively). Treatments LL, NE, TA and PP promoted greater microbial biomass synthesis (290, 223, 220 and 213 mg g-1, respectively) (P < 0.05). The proportion of propionic acid also increased in these latter treatments and in treatments CG and HA (P < 0.05). Additionally, treatments LL, PP, NE and TA decreased methane production (25.8, 29.5, 30.6 and 31.8 L kg-1 of digested dry matter, respectively). In conclusion, supplementation with L. leucocephala, P. piscipula, N. emargiata and T. amygdalifolia in ruminant diets based on P. purpureum is one feed alternative that can promote greater efficiency and synthesis of microbial biomass, increase the proportions of propionic and butyric acid and decrease the production of enteric methane by 15.6 to 31.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Albores-Moreno
- Southern Frontier College, Avenida Rancho, Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - J A Alayón-Gamboa
- Southern Frontier College, Avenida Rancho, Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - L A Miranda-Romero
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, 56230, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - B Alarcón-Zúñiga
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, 56230, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - G Jiménez-Ferrer
- Southern Frontier College, Avenida Rancho, Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - J C Ku-Vera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of Yucatan, 97300, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - A T Piñeiro-Vázquez
- Technological Institute of Conkal, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, 97345, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
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Lan W, Yang C. Ruminal methane production: Associated microorganisms and the potential of applying hydrogen-utilizing bacteria for mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1270-1283. [PMID: 30841400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Methane emission from ruminants not only causes serious environmental problems, but also represents a significant source of energy loss to animals. The increasing demand for sustainable animal production is driving researchers to explore proper strategies to mitigate ruminal methanogenesis. Since hydrogen is the primary substrate of ruminal methanogenesis, hydrogen metabolism and its associated microbiome in the rumen may closely relate to low- and high-methane phenotypes. Using candidate microbes that can compete with methanogens and redirect hydrogen away from methanogenesis as ruminal methane mitigants are promising avenues for methane mitigation, which can both prevent the adverse effects deriving from chemical additives such as toxicity and resistance, and increase the retention of feed energy. This review describes the ruminal microbial ecosystem and its association with methane production, as well as the effects of interspecies hydrogen transfer on methanogenesis. It provides a scientific perspective on using bacteria that are involved in hydrogen utilization as ruminal modifiers to decrease methanogenesis. This information will be helpful in better understanding the key role of ruminal microbiomes and their relationship with methane production and, therefore, will form the basis of valuable and eco-friendly methane mitigation methods while improving animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lan
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, China.
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Haque MN. Dietary manipulation: a sustainable way to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 60:15. [PMID: 29946475 PMCID: PMC6004689 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-018-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Methane emission from the enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and a major concern for global warming. Methane emission is also associated with dietary energy lose; hence, reduce feed efficiency. Due to the negative environmental impacts, methane mitigation has come forward in last few decades. To date numerous efforts were made in order to reduce methane emission from ruminants. No table mitigation approaches are rumen manipulation, alteration of rumen fermentation, modification of rumen microbial biodiversity by different means and rarely by animal manipulations. However, a comprehensive exploration for a sustainable methane mitigation approach is still lacking. Dietary modification is directly linked to changes in the rumen fermentation pattern and types of end products. Studies showed that changing fermentation pattern is one of the most effective ways of methane abatement. Desirable dietary changes provide two fold benefits i.e. improve production and reduce GHG emissions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss biology of methane emission from ruminants and its mitigation through dietary manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Najmul Haque
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
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Baraz H, Jahani-Azizabadi H, Azizi O. Simultaneous use of thyme essential oil and disodium fumarate can improve in vitro ruminal microbial fermentation characteristics. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2018; 9:193-198. [PMID: 30065809 PMCID: PMC6047581 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.30828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of disodium fumarate (DSF; 0.00, 8.00, 10.00 and 12.00 mM) and thyme essential oil (TEO; 0.00, 100.00, 200.00, 300.00 and 400.00 µL L-1) solely and simultaneously (10.00 mM DSF along with 100.00, 200.00, 300.00 and 400 µL L-1 TEO) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a 50:50 alfalfa hay to concentrate diet. The DSF and TEO did not affect crude protein disappearance, gas production, microbial crude protein synthesis and hydrogen recovery. The DSF addition linearly increased partitioning factor (PF) and molar proportion of propionate and decreased acetate: propionate ratio and methane production. Moreover, 100.00 µL L-1 of TEO decreased ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids concentration and methane production and increased PF compared to the control. Results of the present study demonstrated that simultaneous use of DSF and TEO can cause a further decrease in methane production and linearly increase in the molar proportion of propionate and efficiency of feed use compared to DSF and TEO solely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Baraz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Osman Azizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Martinez-Fernandez G, Denman SE, Cheung J, McSweeney CS. Phloroglucinol Degradation in the Rumen Promotes the Capture of Excess Hydrogen Generated from Methanogenesis Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1871. [PMID: 29051749 PMCID: PMC5633678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to manage metabolic hydrogen ([H]) in the rumen should be considered when reducing ruminant methane (CH4) emissions. However, little is known about the use of dietary treatments to stimulate rumen microorganisms capable of capturing the [H] available when CH4 is inhibited in vivo. The effects of the phenolic compound phloroglucinol on CH4 production, [H] flows and subsequent responses in rumen fermentation and microbial community composition when methanogenesis is inhibited were investigated in cattle. Eight rumen fistulated Brahman steers were randomly allocated in two groups receiving chloroform as an antimethanogenic compound for 21 days. Following that period one group received chloroform + phloroglucinol for another 16 days, whilst the other group received only chloroform during the same period. The chloroform treatment resulted in a decrease in CH4 production and an increase in H2 expelled with a shift in rumen fermentation toward higher levels of propionate and formate and lower levels of acetate at day 21 of treatment. Bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Prevotella were promoted whilst Archaea and Synergistetes OTUs were decreased with the chloroform treatment as expected. The shift toward formate coincided with increases in Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium species. The addition of chloroform + phloroglucinol in the rumen resulted in a decrease of H2 expelled (g) per kg of DMI and moles of H2 expelled per mol of CH4 decreased compared with the chloroform only treated animals. A shift toward acetate and a decrease in formate were observed for the chloroform + phloroglucinol-treated animals at day 37. These changes in the rumen fermentation profile were accompanied by a relative increase of OTUs assigned to Coprococcus spp., which could suggest this genus is a significant contributor to the metabolism of this phenolic compound in the rumen. This study demonstrates for the first time in vivo that under methanogenesis inhibition, H2 gas accumulation can be decreased by redirecting [H] toward alternative sinks through the nutritional stimulation of specific microbial groups. This results in the generation of metabolites of value for the host while also helping to maintain a low H2 partial pressure in the methane-inhibited rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martinez-Fernandez
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart E Denman
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Cheung
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher S McSweeney
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Arco-Pérez A, Ramos-Morales E, Yáñez-Ruiz D, Abecia L, Martín-García A. Nutritive evaluation and milk quality of including of tomato or olive by-products silages with sunflower oil in the diet of dairy goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Supapong C, Cherdthong A, Seankamsorn A, Khonkhaeng B, Wanapat M, Gunun N, Gunun P, Chanjula P, Polyorach S. Effect of Delonix regia seed meal supplementation in Thai native beef cattle on feed intake, rumen fermentation characteristics and methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Oh S, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Effect of ginkgo extract supplementation onin vitrorumen fermentation and bacterial profiles under different dietary conditions. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1737-1743. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Oh
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita Sapporo Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita Sapporo Japan
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