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Priyadarsini S, McKay TB, Sarker-Nag A, Allegood J, Chalfant C, Ma JX, Karamichos D. Complete metabolome and lipidome analysis reveals novel biomarkers in the human diabetic corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 2016; 153:90-100. [PMID: 27742548 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia during diabetes mellitus can cause severe ophthalmic complications affecting both the anterior and posterior ocular segments leading to impaired vision or blindness. Diabetes-induced corneal pathologies are associated with decreased wound healing capacity, corneal edema, and altered epithelial basement membrane. The mechanism by which diabetes modulates structure and function within the corneal stroma are unknown. In our study, we characterized the effects of diabetes on extracellular matrix, lipid transport, and cellular metabolism by defining the entire metabolome and lipidome of Type 1 and Type 2 human diabetic corneal stroma. Significant increases in Collagen I and III were found in diabetic corneas suggesting that diabetes promotes defects in matrix structure leading to scarring. Furthermore, increased lipid content, including sphingosine-1-phosphate and dihydrosphingosine, in diabetic corneas compared to healthy controls were measured suggesting altered lipid retention. Metabolomics analysis identified elevated tryptophan metabolites, independent of glucose metabolism, which correlated with upregulation of the Kynurenine pathway in diabetic corneas. We also found significant upregulation of novel biomarkers aminoadipic acid, D,L-pipecolic acid, and dihydroorotate. Our study links aberrant tryptophan metabolism to end-stage pathologies associated with diabetes indicating the potential of the Kynurenine pathway as a therapeutic target for inhibiting diabetes-associated defects in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrestha Priyadarsini
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tina B McKay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Akhee Sarker-Nag
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; The VCU Johnson Center, Richmond, VA, USA; The VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Charles Chalfant
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; The VCU Johnson Center, Richmond, VA, USA; The VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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