1
|
Senchukova MA, Nikitenko NV, Tomchuk ON, Zaitsev NV, Stadnikov AA. Different types of tumor vessels in breast cancer: morphology and clinical value. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:512. [PMID: 26405632 PMCID: PMC4573747 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key factor of tumor progression. Considering, that the tumor vessels are heterogeneous and differ in morphology and clinical significance, the purpose of this research was to study of the morphological features of tumor vessels and their relationship with the clinical characteristics and morphological features of breast cancer (BC). In this pilot study the tumor samples received from 59 patients with T1–T2 stages of ductal invasive carcinomas were included. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically using antibodies to CD34. The morphological features and the number of different types of tumor vessels were assessed microscopically and were compared with grade, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptors, HER2/neu status and with the presence of tumor emboli in vessels (lymphovascular invasion). We identified the following types of tumor vessels in BC: the normal microvessels, the dilated capillaries of peritumoral stroma, the atypical dilated capillaries and the “cavitary” structures (CS) type-1 and type-2 relating to the “cavitary” type of angiogenesis that was described by us earlier. The number of dilated capillaries correlated with CS type-1 (p = 0.003), CS type-2 (p = 0.002), atypical dilated capillaries (p = 0.0008) and with lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.005); the presence of atypical dilated capillaries—with CS type-1 (p < 0.00001), CS type-2 (p = 0.00004), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.0002) and with the tumor grade (p = 0.003); the number of CS type-1—with estrogen receptor (p = 0.002) and progesterone receptor (p = 0.002) status and with lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.004); the presence of CS type-2—with positive Her2/new status (p = 0.0002) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.01). The density of normal microvessels was not associated with other types of tumor vessels and with clinical characteristics of BC. These data indicate that varied types of tumor vessels are associated with different morphological characteristics of BC, such as hormone receptors and HER2/neu status, lymphovascular invasion. We believe that the atypical dilated capillaries are related to the “cavitary” type of angiogenesis. The strong correlations of lymphovascular invasion with CS type-1 and atypical dilated capillaries testify that the “cavitary” type of angiogenesis may play a significant role in the formation of tumor emboli in the vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olesia N Tomchuk
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Nikon V Zaitsev
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A Stadnikov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moghadam SA, Abadi AM, Mokhtari S. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD34 expression in salivary gland tumors. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:30-3. [PMID: 26097303 PMCID: PMC4451663 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.157197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor growth depends on angiogenesis which is assessed by measuring the tumor microvessel density (MVD) through CD34 immunostaining. The present study was performed to evaluate the situation of angiogenic activity in salivary gland neoplasms. The possible role of CD34 in progression and invasion of salivary gland tumors is also investigated. Materials and Methods: Tissue specimens of 15 pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and 15 malignant salivary gland tumors including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) were immunostained for CD34 protein. The most vascularized areas at low power magnification (hotspots) were selected for vessel counting at ×400 magnification. Then, the mean number of microvessels in three fields within the tumor mass was calculated. Results: MVD in PA and malignant salivary gland tumors were 10.93 ± 5.95 and 26.46 ± 7.32, respectively. Tumor angiogenesis in PA was much lower than other lesions (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between malignant tumors (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Salivary gland carcinomas demonstrated higher vascular density than benign PA despite of cell types and architecture. The reason for this higher angiogenic activity could be related to metabolic characteristics of malignant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saede Atarbashi Moghadam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Mohammad Abadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mokhtari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mikalsen LTG, Dhakal HP, Bruland ØS, Naume B, Borgen E, Nesland JM, Olsen DR. The clinical impact of mean vessel size and solidity in breast carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75954. [PMID: 24146798 PMCID: PMC3795733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis quantification, through vessel counting or area estimation in the most vascular part of the tumour, has been found to be of prognostic value across a range of carcinomas, breast cancer included. We have applied computer image analysis to quantify vascular properties pertaining to size, shape and spatial distributions in photographed fields of CD34 stained sections. Aided by a pilot (98 cases), seven parameters were selected and validated on a separate set from 293 breast cancer patients. Two new prognostic markers were identified through continuous cox regression with endpoints breast cancer specific survival and distant disease free survival: The average size of the vessels as measured by their perimeter (p = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively), and the average complexity of the vessel shapes measured by their solidity (p = 0.004 and 0.004). The Hazard ratios for the corresponding median-dichotomized markers were 2.28 (p = 0.005) and 1.89 (p = 0.016) for the mean perimeter and 1.80 (p = 0.041) and 1.55 (p = 0.095) for the shape complexity. The markers were associated with poor histologic type, high grade, necrosis, HR negativity, inflammation, and p53 expression (vessel size only). Both markers were found to strongly influence the prognostic properties of vascular invasion (VI) and disseminated tumour cells in the bone marrow. The latter being prognostic only in cases with large vessels (p = 0.004 and 0.043) or low complexity (p = 0.018 and 0.024), but not in the small or complex vessel groups (p>0.47). VI was significant in all groups, but showed greater hazard ratios for small and low complexity vessels (6.54-11.2) versus large and high complexity vessels (2.64-3.06). We find that not only the overall amount of produced vasculature in angiogenic hot-spots is of prognostic significance, but also the morphological appearance of the generated vessels, i.e. the size and shape of vessels in the studied hot spots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jahn M. Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Rune Olsen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dhanuthai K, Sappayatosok K, Yodsanga S, Rojanawatsirivej S, Pausch NC, Pitak-Arnnop P. An analysis of microvessel density in salivary gland tumours: a single centre study. Surgeon 2012; 11:147-52. [PMID: 22878098 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Microvessel density (MVD) can be used for determining neoplastic neovascularisation. Tumour angiogenesis correlates with prognosis of cancers in many organs. The aims of this study were to evaluate MVD as demonstrated by CD31 and CD105 in salivary gland tumours (SGTs), and to correlate the MVD results with clinicopathological characteristics of the tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a retrospective cohort study design, we enrolled SGTs patients at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, over the 22-year period. The predictor variables included demographic, anatomic and histopathological parameters. The outcome measure was average CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD counted by the "hot spot" method. Descriptive, uni- and bivariate statistics were computed, and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 43 subjects with a mean age of 39.6 ± 17.8 years (range, 9-82), including 26 females (60.5%), diagnosed with SGTs. In this cohort, 58.1% of the cases were benign, and 83.7% were minor SGTs. There was a significant correlation between CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD (r = 0.8, P < 0.001), but mean CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD were 17.7 ± 9.3 and 12.8 ± 7.4, respectively (P = 0.009). Age, gender and tumour site were not individually associated with significant differences between CD31-MVD and CD105-MVD. Tumours with myoepithelial cells had lower MVD than those without myoepithelial cells (P = 0.04 for CD31; P = 0.03 for CD105). Only CD105-MVD showed statistical difference between benign and malignant SGTs (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MVD in SGTs can be demonstrated by CD31 and CD105. Despite a strong correlation, CD31-MVD is always higher than CD105-MVD and cannot differentiate between benign and malignant SGTs. The presence of myoepithelial cells within SGTs affects the MVD analysis using either CD31 or CD105, while age, gender and tumour location do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Dhanuthai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schwarz S, Zenk J, Müller M, Ettl T, Wünsch PH, Hartmann A, Agaimy A. The many faces of acinic cell carcinomas of the salivary glands: a study of 40 cases relating histological and immunohistological subtypes to clinical parameters and prognosis. Histopathology 2012; 61:395-408. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Williams LJ, Akerman S, Kanthou C, Tozer GM. An automatic algorithm for the segmentation and morphological analysis of microvessels in immunostained histological tumour sections. J Microsc 2010; 242:262-78. [PMID: 21118252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A fully automatic segmentation and morphological analysis algorithm for the analysis of microvessels from CD31 immunostained histological tumour sections is presented. Development of the algorithm exploited the distinctive hues of stained vascular endothelial cells, cell nuclei and background, to provide the seeds for a 'region-growing' method for object segmentation in the 3D hue, saturation, value (HSV) colour model. The segmented objects, identified as microvessels by CD31 immunostaining, were post-processed with three morphological tasks: joining separate objects that were likely to belong to a single vessel, closing objects that had a narrow gap around their periphery, and splitting objects with multiple lumina into individual vessels. The automatic segmentation was validated against a hand-segmented set of 44 images from three different SW1222 human colorectal carcinomas xenografted into mice. 96.3 ± 0.9% of pixels were found to be correctly classified. Automated segmentation was carried out on a further 53 images from three histologically distinct mouse fibrosarcomas (MFs) for morphological comparison with the SW1222 tumours. Four morphometric measurements were calculated for each segmented vessel: vascular area (VA), ratio of lumen area to vascular area (lu/VA), eccentricity (e), and roundness (ro). In addition, the total vascular area relative to tumour tissue area (rVA) was calculated. lu/VA, e and ro were found to be significantly smaller in MF tumours than in SW1222 tumours (p < 0.05; unpaired t-test). The algorithm is available through the website http://www.caiman.org.uk where images can be uploaded, processed and sent back to users. The output from CAIMAN consists of the original image with boundaries of segmented vessels overlaid, the calculated parameters and a Matlab file, which contains the segmentation that the user can use to derive further results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Reyes-Aldasoro
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK Tumour Microcirculation Group, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mete M, Hennings L, Spencer HJ, Topaloglu U. Automatic identification of angiogenesis in double stained images of liver tissue. BMC Bioinformatics 2009; 10 Suppl 11:S13. [PMID: 19811678 PMCID: PMC3226185 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-s11-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To grow beyond certain size and reach oxygen and other essential nutrients, solid tumors trigger angiogenesis (neovascularization) by secreting various growth factors. Based on this fact, several researches proposed that density of newly formed vessels correlate with tumor malignancy. Vessel density is known as a true prognostic indicator for several types of cancer. However, automated quantification of angiogenesis is still in its primitive stage, and deserves more intelligent methods by taking advantages accruing from novel computer algorithms. RESULTS The newly introduced characteristics of subimages performed well in identification of region-of-angiogenesis. The proposed technique was tested on 522 samples collected from two high-resolution tissues. Having 0.90 overall f-measure, the results obtained with Support Vector Machines show significant agreement between automated framework and manual assessment of microvessels. CONCLUSION This study introduces a new framework to identify angiogenesis to measure microvessel density (MVD) in digitalized images of liver cancer tissues. The objective is to recognize all subimages having new vessel formations. In addition to region based characteristics, a set of morphological features are proposed to differentiate positive and negative incidences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Mete
- Information Technology Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Leah Hennings
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Horace J Spencer
- Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Umit Topaloglu
- Information Technology Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luukkaa H, Laitakari J, Vahlberg T, Klemi P, Stenbäck F, Grénman R. Morphometric analysis of CD34-positive vessels in salivary gland adenoid cystic and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:695-700. [PMID: 19674249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinomas of the salivary glands are uncommon and morphologically a diverse group of malignancies. To evaluate the prognostic value of CD34 immunostaining of the vessels in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), an automated image analysis method was used. METHOD In a nationwide study, covering salivary gland cancer (SGC) patients in Finland 1991-1996, 37 AdCC and 18 MEC patients (M 25, F 30, age 25-90, mean 63) were included. In addition to clinical characteristics the size, shape, staining intensity and vessel density in CD34 immunostained histologic samples were measured. RESULTS Altogether 4433 vessels were measured from AdCC and 2615 from MEC tumor. Of the total tumor vessels measured, 2651 were from patients who deceased with disease (Group I) and 4397 were from specimens derived from those who did not die of disease (Group II) during the 10-year follow-up. The staining intensity was significantly higher in MEC than in AdCC tumor (P = 0.0005). In MEC, the Group I patients had a higher staining intensity among high-grade patients compared with patients with low grade disease, whereas the tumors in Group II had a lower staining intensity among the high-grade compared with the low grade tumors (P = 0.018). A higher vessel density was found in patients with MEC in group II compared with group I (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The staining intensity of CD34 positive vessels in MEC was higher than in AdCC. In MEC, higher staining intensity of vessels in high-grade tumors and lower vessel density in all MEC patients, predicted poor survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Luukkaa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|