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Dehelean A, Cristea G, Feher I, Hategan AR, Magdas DA. Differentiation of Transylvanian fruit distillates using supervised statistical tools based on isotopic and elemental fingerprint. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1454-1463. [PMID: 36168887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spirit drinks industry is one of the largest in the world. Fruit distillates require adequate analysis methods combined with statistical tools to build differentiation models, according to distinct criteria (geographical and botanical origin, producer's fingerprint, respectively). Over time a database of alcoholic beverage fingerprints can be generated, being very important for product safety and authenticity control. RESULTS To control the distillates' geographical origin, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed that the cross-validation classification was correct for 88.2% of samples, but partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was slightly better suited for this purpose, with a correct classification rate of 91.2%. LDA effectiveness was proven for the trademark fingerprint differentiation, which was achieved at 93.5%, compared to 89.1% for PLS-DA. The principal predictors obtained by LDA were the same both for geographical origin and producer differentiation: B, δ13 C, Na, Cu, Ca and Be; highlighting the fact that in the production process of distillates each producer used fruits coming from the respective specific region. Through PLS-DA, some of the discrimination markers were the same for geographical origin and producer's identification, but others were completely specific: the rare earth elements Eu and Er only for geographical origin differentiation, and Cu solely as predictor for producer's identification. Regarding distillates' fruit variety, the correct discrimination rates of plum spirits from the rest were 84.2% for PLS-DA and 63% for LDA. CONCLUSION LDA and PLS-DA were suitable for differentiation models development of fruits spirits according to geographical region, producer and fruit variety based on isotopic and elemental fingerprint. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Dehelean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Cristea
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Feher
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ariana Raluca Hategan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Alina Magdas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cristea G, Voica C, Feher I, Puscas R, Magdas DA. Isotopic and elemental characterization of Romanian pork meat in corroboration with advanced chemometric methods: A first exploratory study. Meat Sci 2022; 189:108825. [PMID: 35461107 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study 93 pork meat samples (tenderloin) were analyzed via isotope ratios mass spectrometry (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C) and inductively coupled plasma - Mass spectrometry (55 elements). The meat samples are coming from Romania and abroad. Those from Romania are originating from conventional farms and yard rearing system. The analytical results in conjunction with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to assess: The geographical origin, and animal diet. The most powerful markers which could differentiate pork meat samples concerning the geographical origin were δ18O, terbium, and tin. The results of chemometric models showed that, along with 13C signature, rubidium concentration, and a few rare earth-elements (lanthanum, and cerium) were efficient to discriminate animal diet in a percent of 97.8% (initial classification) and 94.6% (cross-validation), respectively. Some of predictors for feeding regime differentiation by using LDA were identified also to be the best markers to distinguish corn-based diet by using ANNs (δ13C, Rb, La).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cristea
- National Institute for Research, Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research, Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Feher
- National Institute for Research, Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Romulus Puscas
- National Institute for Research, Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Alina Magdas
- National Institute for Research, Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Hategan AR, David M, Dehelean A, Cristea G, Puscas R, Molnar AJ, Magdas DA. Impact of Pre-Processing Methods for the Identification of the Botanical Origin of Honey Based Upon Isotopic and Elemental Profiles. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2044347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Hategan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M. David
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. Dehelean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G. Cristea
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - R. Puscas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. J. Molnar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D. A. Magdas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Liu X, Liu Z, Qian Q, Song W, Rogers KM, Rao Q, Wang S, Zhang Q, Shao S, Tian M, Song W, Yuan Y. Isotope chemometrics determines farming methods and geographical origin of vegetables from Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Food Chem 2020; 342:128379. [PMID: 33097333 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Shanghai city has encountered possible food fraud regarding the geographical mislabeling of vegetables for economic gain. A combination of δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O values and partial least squares discrimination analysis and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used for the first time to assess farming methods and determine the origin of vegetables from Shanghai city, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. The results showed that 65.8% of Shanghai vegetables, 38.2% of Anhui vegetables and 23.6% of Zhejiang vegetables appeared to be grown using green or organic farming methods. The optimal discriminant model was obtained using SVM with a predictive accuracy of 100% for Shanghai vegetables. Zhejiang vegetables had a predictive accuracy of 91.7%, while it was difficult to distinguish Anhui vegetables from Shanghai or Zhejiang vegetables. Therefore, this study provided a useful method to identify vegetable farming methods and discriminate vegetables from Shanghai and Zhejiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310021, China; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qunli Qian
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310021, China; National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shengzhi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310021, China; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Minglu Tian
- Information Research Institute of Science and Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; Shanghai Service Platform of Agro-products Quality and Safety Evaluation Technology, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310021, China; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Magdas DA, Guyon F, Puscas R, Vigouroux A, Gaillard L, Dehelean A, Feher I, Cristea G. Applications of emerging stable isotopes and elemental markers for geographical and varietal recognition of Romanian and French honeys. Food Chem 2020; 334:127599. [PMID: 32711278 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The research towards the identification of new authenticity markers is crucial to fight against fraudulent activities on honey, one of the top ten most falsified food commodities. This work proposes an association of stable isotopes and elemental content as markers for honey authentication, with respect to its floral and geographical origin. Emerging markers like isotopic signature of honey water alongside with carbon and hydrogen isotopic ratios of ethanol obtained from honey fermentation and Rare Earth Elements, were used to develop new recognition models. Thus, the efficiency of the discrimination potential of these emerging markers was discussed individually and in association. This approach proved its effectiveness for geographical differentiation (>98%) and the role of the emerging markers in these classifications was an essential one, especially of: (D/H)I, δ2H, δ18O, La, Ce and Pr. Floral recognition was realized in a lower percentage revealing the suitability of these markers mainly for geographical classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Alina Magdas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Francois Guyon
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France.
| | - Romulus Puscas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Audrey Vigouroux
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France
| | - Laetitia Gaillard
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, 3 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France
| | - Adriana Dehelean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Feher
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Cristea
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Floare-Avram CV, Covaciu F, Voica C, Puscas R, Feher I, Marincas O, Magdas DA. Differentiation of tomatoes based on isotopic, elemental and organic markers. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:2222-2232. [PMID: 32431348 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 41 tomato samples were investigated by means of stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O and δ2H), elemental content, phenolic compounds and pesticides in order to classify them, according to growing conditions and geographical origin. Using investigated parameters, stepwise linear discriminant analysis was applied and the differences that occurred between tomato samples grown in greenhouses compared to those grown on field, and also between Romanian and abroad purchased samples were pointed out. It was shown that Ti, Ga, Te, δ2H and δ13C content were able to differentiate Romanian tomato samples from foreign samples, whereas Al, Sc, Se, Dy, Pb, δ18O, 4,4'-DDT could be used as markers for growing regime (open field vs. greenhouse). For the discrimination of different tomato varieties (six cherry samples and fourteen common sorts) grown in greenhouse, phenolic compounds of 20 samples were determined. In this regard, dihydroquercetin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin and naringin were the major phenolic compounds detected in our samples. The phenolic profile showed significant differences between cherry tomato and common tomato. The contents of the chlorogenic acid and rutin were significantly higher in the cherry samples (90.27-243.00 µg/g DW and 160.60-433.99 µg/g DW respectively) as compared to common tomatoes (21.30-88.72 µg/g DW and 24.84-110.99 µg/g DW respectively). The identification of dihydroquercetin is of particular interest, as it had not been reported previously in tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Veronica Floare-Avram
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Covaciu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romulus Puscas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Feher
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivian Marincas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Alina Magdas
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Francois G, Fabrice V, Didier M. Traceability of fruits and vegetables. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112291. [PMID: 32106013 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Food safety and traceability are nowadays a constant concern for consumers, and indeed for all actors in the food chain, including those involved in the fruit and vegetable sector. For the EU, the principles and legal requirements of traceability are set out in Regulation 178/2002. Currently however the regulation does not describe any analytical traceability tools. Furthermore, traceability systems for fruits and vegetables face increasing competition due to market globalization. The current challenge for actors in this sector is therefore to be sufficiently competitive in terms of price, traceability, quality and safety to avoid scandal and fraud. For all these reasons, new, flexible, cheap and efficient traceability tools, as isotopic analysis, DNA fingerprinting and metabolomic profiling coupled with chemometrics are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyon Francois
- Service Commun des Laboratoires, Laboratoire de Bordeaux/Pessac, 3 Avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Vaillant Fabrice
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France; AGROSAVIA (Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research), C.I. La Selva, Km 7 via las Palmas, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Montet Didier
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d'Avignon, Univ de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Cristea G, Dehelean A, Voica C, Feher I, Puscas R, Magdas DA. Isotopic and Elemental Analysis of Apple and Orange Juice by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1743717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cristea
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Feher
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romulus Puscas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Alina Magdas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Applied Physics National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cluster Agro-Food-Ind Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cristea G, Feher I, Voica C, Radu S, Magdas DA. Isotopic and elemental profiling alongside with chemometric methods for vegetable differentiation. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2020; 56:69-82. [PMID: 32098526 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1720672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three chemometric models for vegetables growing system (field versus greenhouse), geographical origin and species attribution using stable isotope (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) and elemental fingerprints of 101 samples (54 squashes and 47 radishes) commercialized on Romanian market were developed. These models were constructed and validated through linear discriminant analysis. Initial validations of 94.4% and 83% were obtained for squash and radish growing systems, respectively, such that one squash and four radish samples declared to be grown in the field were attributed to the greenhouse group. For this purpose, the most powerful differentiation markers appeared to be Sn and δ13C for radishes, and Sn, Cu for squashes. Regarding the vegetable origin, four samples, initially considered to originate from Romania (95% for initial classification) were attributed to the foreign group in the cross-validation procedure (93.1%). Romanian radishes and squashes were characterized by a higher content of Na and Cu, respectively, compared with foreign samples, while the mean values for Zn, Sr, Zr and Co concentrations were found to be higher for the vegetables from abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cristea
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Ion Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Feher
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Ion Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Ion Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stelian Radu
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Ion Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Alina Magdas
- Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Ion Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bontempo L, van Leeuwen KA, Paolini M, Holst Laursen K, Micheloni C, Prenzler PD, Ryan D, Camin F. Bulk and compound-specific stable isotope ratio analysis for authenticity testing of organically grown tomatoes. Food Chem 2020; 318:126426. [PMID: 32135420 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Until now, there has been a lack of analytical methods that can reliably verify the authenticity of organically grown plants and derived organic food products. In this study, stable isotope ratio analysis of hydrogen (H, δ2H), carbon (C, δ13C), nitrogen (N, δ15N), oxygen (O, δ18O) and sulfur (S, δ34S) was conducted along the tomato passata production process using organic and conventionally grown tomatoes from two Italian regions over two years. A gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) based method was developed and applied for analysis of C and N isotope ratios in amino acids derived from tomatoes. Of the bulk isotope ratios, δ15N was the most significant parameter for discriminating organic from conventional products. The classification power was improved significantly by compound-specific isotope analysis regardless of the production years and regions. We conclude that isotope analysis of amino acids is a novel analytical tool for complementing existing certification and control procedures in the organic tomato sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Bontempo
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy.
| | - Katryna A van Leeuwen
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy; School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Stuart University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Mauro Paolini
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Kristian Holst Laursen
- Plant Nutrients and Food Quality Research Group, Plant and Soil Science Section and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Cristina Micheloni
- AIAB - Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica, largo D. Frisullo, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paul D Prenzler
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Stuart University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Danielle Ryan
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Stuart University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Federica Camin
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
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