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The immune response against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice induced by mannose-modified nanoliposome of excreted/secreted antigens. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2855-2861. [PMID: 34185155 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the immune response against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in BALB/c mice induced by excreted/secreted (E/S) antigens and mannose-modified nanoliposome of E/S antigens. Here, E/S antigens and mannose-modified nanoliposome of E/S antigens were firstly prepared, and then BALB/c female inbred mice were separately immunized. In the next step, anti-E/S antigen antibodies and the relative expression levels of IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. After immunization, mice were intraperitoneally challenged with 102 tachyzoites of T. gondii, and the survival rate was recorded. The ELISA analysis showed significant differences between the levels of anti-E/S antigen antibodies in the mice immunized by E/S antigens and those immunized by mannose-modified nanoliposome of E/S antigens at days 7, 10, 20, 25, and 30 (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of IL-10 was significantly decreased during 20 days. Yet, the relative expression of IL-12 was significantly increased during 20 days (P < 0.05). In T. gondii challenge test, significant differences were found between the survival rates of mice immunized by E/S antigens and mice immunized by mannose-modified nanoliposome with E/S antigens. This project evidenced that mannose-modified nanoliposome of E/S antigens induced a more powerful immune response against T. gondii in BALB/c mice when compared with excreted/secreted antigens alone.
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Mohammadpour N, Saki J, Rafiei A, Khodadadi A, Tavalla M, Cheraghian B. Design of Indigenous ELISA Using Tachyzoites from the RH Strain of Toxoplasma gondii and Comparison with Commercial Kits in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran, 2015. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e36666. [PMID: 27942363 PMCID: PMC5136452 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.36666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common causes of latent infections in humans worldwide. Detecting anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in serum using serological tests is a common method to diagnose toxoplasmosis. OBJECTIVES In the present study, an indigenous ELISA kit was prepared using tachyzoites from the RH strain of T. gondii, and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of commercial kits. METHODS To produce antigens, 0.02 mL of locally isolated T. gondii RH strain parasites along with 109 tachyzoites were injected into the peritoneal cavities of 50 laboratory mice (BALB/C). Parasites were collected after 4 days. After filtering and washing, the concentration of protein in sonicated tachyzoites was calculated using the Lowry protein assay. The dilution of antigen, serum and alkaline phosphatase conjugate was assessed in designing an indigenous ELISA method; then ELISA was performed based on these dilutions, and its sensitivity was determined using 200 serum samples. In addition, the specificity of the assay was evaluated using 40 serum samples from patients with tuberculosis, leukemia or hydatid cyst. RESULTS Indigenous ELISA was used to examine 100 serum samples containing anti-T. gondii IgG, with a sensitivity of 98% (commercial kits: 100%). Another 100 serum samples containing anti-T. gondii IgM were also tested, with a sensitivity of 99% (commercial kits: 100%). When 40 serum samples from patients with leukemia, hydatid cyst or tuberculosis were examined using anti-T. gondii IgG, the specificity was 100%, identical to commercial kits. However, the specificity of a similar test with anti-T. gondii IgM was just 28.6% for serum samples from leukemia patients, 21.4% for hydatid cyst and 16.7% for tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that purified locally isolated soluble crude antigens of the RH strain of T. gondii from the peritoneal cavity of mice may be one of the most promising antigens for detection of human toxoplasmosis in routine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Mohammadpour
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Jasem Saki
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Jasem Saki, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9127166933, E-mail:
| | - Abdollah Rafiei
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Tavalla
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Pishkari S, Shojaee S, Keshavarz H, Salimi M, Mohebali M. Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii soluble, whole and excretory/secretary antigens for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA test. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:289-291. [PMID: 28316427 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to compare the soluble, whole and excretory/secretary antigens of Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA method. Tachyzoites of T. gondii, RH strain were injected in intra-peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice, after 4 days tachyzoites were harvested by peritoneal washing of the mice. For soluble antigen, exudates were centrifuged and sediment sonicated and then centrifuged at 4 °C, 1 h, supernatant collected and density of protein determined by Bradford method. For whole antigen after collecting, washing and centrifuging of peritoneal fluid the tachyzoites sediment was counted. In excretory/secretary antigen 1.5 × 108 tachyzoites were transferred in 1 ml tube of saline and incubated under mild agitation and after centrifuging, supernatant was collected and protein density determined by Bradford method. 176 human serum samples were evaluated for T. gondii IgG antibody with prepared antigens, and finally serum samples were evaluated by commercial ELISA kit (Trinity, USA) which was considered as gold standard method. In this study sensitivity and specificity of prepared antigens compared with commercial kit in ELISA method. Sensitivity and specificity of soluble antigen was 91.4 and 74.5 %, in whole antigen these parameters were 77.1 and 77.3 % and in excretory/secretary antigen were 28.5 and 74.5 % respectively. Soluble antigen had high levels of sensitivity and specificity in ELISA method and the results were rather resemble to commercial kit (Trinity, USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pishkari
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shojaee
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Keshavarz
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Salimi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohebali
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang B, Huang S, Chen Y, Zheng H, Shen J, Lun ZR, Wang Y, Kasper LH, Lu F. Mast cells modulate acute toxoplasmosis in murine models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77327. [PMID: 24146978 PMCID: PMC3797692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells (MCs) in Toxoplasma gondii infection is poorly known. Kunming outbred mice were infected intraperitoneally with RH strain T. gondii, either treated with compound 48/80 (C48/80, MC activator) or disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, MC inhibitor). Compared with infected controls, infected mice treated with C48/80 exhibited significantly increased inflammation in the liver (P < 0.01), spleen (P < 0.05), and mesentery (P < 0.05) tissues, higher parasite burden in the peritoneal lavage fluids (P < 0.01), and increased levels of mRNA transcripts of T. gondii tachyzoite surface antigen 1 (SAG1) gene in the spleen and liver tissues (P < 0.01), accompanied with significantly increased Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and TNF-α) (P < 0.01) and decreased IL-10 (P < 0.01) mRNA expressions in the liver, and increased IFN-γ (P < 0.01) and IL-12p40 (P < 0.01) but decreased TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-4 (P < 0.01) in the spleens of infected mice treated with C48/80 at day 9-10 p.i. Whereas mice treated with DSCG had significantly decreased tissue lesions (P < 0.01), lower parasite burden in the peritoneal lavage fluids (P < 0.01) and decreased SAG1 expressions in the spleen and liver tissues (P < 0.01), accompanied with significantly increased IFN-γ (P < 0.01) and IL-12p40 (P < 0.05) in the liver, and decreased IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and TNF-α (P < 0.01) in the spleens; IL-4 and IL-10 expressions in both the spleen and liver were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the infected mice treated with DSCG. These findings suggest that mediators associated with the MC activation may play an important role in modulating acute inflammatory pathogenesis and parasite clearance during T. gondii infection in this strain of mice. Thus, MC activation/inhibition mechanisms are potential novel targets for the prevention and control of T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanqin Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- The Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Parasitic Organisms, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Conde de Felipe MM, Molina JM, Rodríguez-Ponce E, Ruiz A, González JF. IGM and IGG response to 29-35-kDa Toxoplasma gondii protein fractions in experimentally infected goats. J Parasitol 2007; 93:701-3. [PMID: 17626367 DOI: 10.1645/ge-993r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the humoral responses of IgG and IgM against 29-35-kDa Toxoplasma gondii fractions from experimentally infected goats were studied and compared by ELISA with the use of whole T. gondii soluble extracts and 29-35-kDa electroeluted proteins as antigens. The IgM response to electroeluted proteins was detected from wk 1 to wk 3 postinfection, showing a similar evolution to that observed when T. gondii crude extracts were used as antigens. These results suggest that this group of proteins could be used for a more specific detection of anti-T. gondii IgM. In the same way, the IgG response was equivalent in both cases, although when 29-35-kDa T. gondii fractions were used as antigens, the level of specific IgGs reached a peak 2 wk before than when T. gondii crude extract was used. The detection by ELISA of anti-T. gondii IgM in goats does not seem to be affected by the presence of specific IgG in serum samples when 29-35-kDa protein fractions were used as antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Conde de Felipe
- Parasitic Diseases Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de G. C., Trasmontaria s/n, 35416-Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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