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Markoulli M, Fricke TR, Arvind A, Frick KD, Hart KM, Joshi MR, Kandel H, Filipe Macedo A, Makrynioti D, Retallic N, Garcia-Porta N, Shrestha G, Wolffsohn JS. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102157. [PMID: 38594155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional' presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health. Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Timothy R Fricke
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Melbourne, Australia; National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anitha Arvind
- Department of Optometry, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, India
| | - Kevin D Frick
- Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Departments of International Health and Health Policy and Management, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Kerryn M Hart
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia; Member Support and Optometry Advancement, Optometry Australia, Australia
| | - Mahesh R Joshi
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Himal Kandel
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia
| | - Antonio Filipe Macedo
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Sweden; Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Neil Retallic
- Specsavers Optical Group, La Villiaze, St. Andrew's, Guernsey, United Kingdom; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Nery Garcia-Porta
- Applied Physics Department, Optics and Optometry Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS) of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gauri Shrestha
- Optometry Department, BPK Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Nepal
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Martínez-Angulo P, Rich-Ruiz M, Jiménez-Mérida MR, López-Quero S. Active listening, shared decision-making and participation in care among older women and primary care nurses: a critical discourse analysis approach from a gender perspective. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:401. [PMID: 38886702 PMCID: PMC11181639 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing care for older women represent a challenge worldwide due to its characteristics. When communication is impaired between primary care nurses and older women living alone, an imbalance in power relations occurs. The main objective of this study is to analyse the power relations between older women and primary care nurses in situations of active listening, shared decision-making and participation in care. METHODS We developed a qualitative study in southern Spain using a discursive and gender approach. We used purposeful sampling to interview older women who lived alone and received home nursing care. Simultaneously, we conducted focus groups with primary care nurses who provided home care to older women. A linguistic analysis of the transcripts was carried out. RESULTS Nine semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with older women who lived alone and two face-to-face focus groups with four primary care nurses in each. The discourse of the participants demonstrated an imbalance in power relations. Influenced by work overload, active listening was considered a privilege in primary care nurses´ discourse. Regarding shared decision-making, older women´s discourses revealed "mirages" of real situations where they thought they were deciding. Participation in care was difficult since older women saw themselves as a nuisance in nurses´ presence, and primary care nurses did not facilitate older women's engagement. Older women weren´t considered when organising home visits and had interiorised a subordinated feeling. Similarly, a strict sense of identity made primary care nurses feel powerful in their relationships with older women. CONCLUSIONS The discourse of older women represented them as victims of a hostile panorama whilst they were sometimes satisfied with the deficient care received. The discourse of primary care nurses used more discursive strategies to represent themselves as professionals committed to caring. However, it also revealed deficiencies in care, discriminatory elements, and feelings of being limited by their working conditions. Active listening to older women and engagement in decision-making readjust empower the older women. Attending to the needs and concerns of primary care nurses could recalibrate the power imbalance between them and healthcare organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Angulo
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Edificio Servicios Múltiples. 1St Floor. Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Edificio Servicios Múltiples. 1St Floor. Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain.
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Ciber Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-Isciii), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Rocío Jiménez-Mérida
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology, and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba (UCO), Edificio Servicios Múltiples. 1St Floor. Avda. Menéndez Pidal S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Salvador López-Quero
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Discourse Analysis (HUM380), University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
- Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Córdoba (UCO), 14003, Córdoba, Spain
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Burns A, Leavey G, Lawlor B, Golden J, Reilly D, O’Sullivan R. Attributions of Loneliness-Life Story Interviews with Older Mental Health Service Users. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1133. [PMID: 38891208 PMCID: PMC11171849 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence on the prevalence and impact of loneliness, particularly among older people. However, much less is known about the personal origins of loneliness and how it persists, or not, over an individual's life course. This study aimed to increase understanding of the personal experiences of loneliness among older adults across the life course. Central to this study was giving voice to the participants and allowing them to define loneliness, what it meant to them, and how it affected them throughout their lives. This qualitative study employed 18 life story interviews with older adults attending a mental health service. We explored their personal experiences of loneliness and the situations and factors associated with loneliness across the life course. We identified three distinct typologies of loneliness: those who experienced (1) chronic loneliness since childhood, (2) chronic loneliness after a life-changing event in midlife, and (3) loneliness which remained situational/transitional, never becoming chronic. This study found the seeds of chronic life course loneliness are often determined in childhood. Early detection and intervention may prevent situational loneliness from becoming chronic. More research is needed from a life course approach to help understand and address the causes and consequences of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Burns
- Institute of Public Health, D08 NH90 Dublin, Ireland
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeannette Golden
- Martha Whiteway Day Hospital, Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, D08 KC95 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Reilly
- Martha Whiteway Day Hospital, Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, D08 KC95 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roger O’Sullivan
- Institute of Public Health, D08 NH90 Dublin, Ireland
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health & Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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Carr S. A gradual separation from the world: commentary on a qualitative exploration of existential loneliness in old age. Br J Community Nurs 2023; 28:586-590. [PMID: 38032719 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.12.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Loneliness is a prevalent and significant issue. It has been identified as a particularly important physical and mental health risk for older people. This article critically explores and discusses a recent study that sought to qualitatively explore the lived experiences of existential loneliness in a large sample of older people living in retirement community contexts. FINDINGS The data pointed to complex, multilayered challenges, often brought about by ageing, that give rise to unique experiences of existential loneliness for many older people. CONCLUSIONS For clinical practitioners, understanding how older people experience existential loneliness is essential if we are to develop support mechanisms that compassionately and empathically respond to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Carr
- Department of Education and Centre for Death and Society, University of Bath, UK
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5
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McKenna-Plumley PE, Turner RN, Yang K, Groarke JM. Experiences of Loneliness Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2223868. [PMID: 37327403 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2223868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Loneliness is a fundamentally subjective experience that is common at various life stages. Studies have qualitatively explored loneliness, but a comprehensive overview is lacking. This research therefore provides a fine-grained review of studies on loneliness experiences across the lifespan. METHODS A systematic review and thematic synthesis were performed on studies that qualitatively investigated experiences of loneliness in people of any age from non-clinical populations. Sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of lower-quality studies and specific age groups on the findings. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies of 1,321 participants aged between 7 and 103 were included. Fifteen descriptive themes and three overarching analytical themes were developed: (1) Loneliness is both psychological and contextual, (2) Loneliness centres on feelings of meaningful connection and painful disconnection, and (3) Loneliness can exist in a general, pervasive sense or can relate to specific other people or relationship types. Some features were particularly pertinent to children, younger adults, and older adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness involves a primarily aversive psychological experience of perceived disconnection which is linked to physical, personal, and socio-political contexts and can be pervasive or relate to specific relationships or relationship types. An awareness of context, life stage, and personal experiences is essential to understand loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe E McKenna-Plumley
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rhiannon N Turner
- Centre for Identity and Intergroup Relations, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Keming Yang
- Department of Sociology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Jenny M Groarke
- Centre for Improving Health-Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Scrivano L, Tessari A, Marcora SM, Manners DN. Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 11:e1. [PMID: 38390252 PMCID: PMC10882204 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has proven that engaging in active mobility (AM), namely walking and cycling for transportation, significantly enhances physical activity levels, leading to better physical health. It is still unclear whether AM could also offer any mental health benefits. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge on the relationship between AM and mental health, given its crucial role in public health. The authors searched online databases to isolate primary studies written in English involving an adult sample (16 or over). AM was the exposure factor. Many mental health elements were included as outcomes (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy, stress, psychological and subjective well-being, resilience, loneliness and social support, quality of life, mood, life satisfaction and sleep). The results were organised in a narrative summary per each outcome selected, graphical syntheses and an overview of gaps to be further examined. The authors identified a total of 55 papers as relevant. The results show inconsistency in study designs, definition and operationalisation of the variables, approach and methodologies used. A cross-sectional design was the dominant choice, primarily examining data from national public health surveys. Nonetheless, there has been improvement in outcomes of interests, initially mainly the quality of life and affect. Lately, authors have focused on a broader range of mental health-related factors (such as travel satisfaction). The experimental studies showed promising mental health improvements in those who used active modes more than those who used motorised vehicles. It creates a rationale for further research towards implementing a unified theoretical and methodological framework to study the link between AM and mental health. The ultimate goal is to generate solid conclusions that could support building societies and cities through public health promotion and sustainable strategies, like walking and cycling as a means of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Scrivano
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele M Marcora
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David N Manners
- Department of Sciences for the Quality of Life, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kim C, Lee MH, Kang KI. Sources of meaning in life among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7178-7185. [PMID: 37608606 PMCID: PMC10563418 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to explore the sources of meaning in life (MIL) and its impact on South Korean older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. DESIGN This study had a qualitative descriptive study design. METHODS The study participants included 18 older adults. Six focus group interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS The subcategories 'Continued learning and growth', 'Self-transcending practices' and 'Efforts to maintain good health' were extracted under the category 'Sources of MIL for older adults'. Similarly, the subcategories 'Tremendous changes brought about by the virus' and 'Varying patterns of adjustment to the pandemic' were extracted under the category 'Changes in the sources of MIL since the COVID-19 outbreak'. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Our study provides an in-depth understanding of the changed sources of MIL for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings serve as useful guidance for planning interventions for older adults to lead meaningful lives during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhee Kim
- Department of NursingChangwon National UniversityChangwonSouth Korea
| | - Min Hye Lee
- College of NursingDong‐A UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Kyung Im Kang
- College of Nursing, Institute of Medical ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuSouth Korea
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8
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Phillips DM, Finkel D, Petkus AJ, Muñoz E, Pahlen S, Johnson W, Reynolds CA, Pedersen N. Longitudinal analyses indicate bidirectional associations between loneliness and health. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1217-1225. [PMID: 35699236 PMCID: PMC11039305 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2087210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate temporal dynamics between loneliness and both objective and subjective health (i.e. functional impairment and self-rated health) in mid- to late-adulthood. METHOD We applied bivariate dual-change-score models to longitudinal data from 3 Swedish twin studies (N = 1,939) to explore dynamic associations between loneliness and health across 3 age ranges (50-69, 70-81, and 82+ years) to investigate whether associations between loneliness and health change with age due to increasing incidence of chronic health conditions and bereavement. RESULTS Results showed bidirectional associations between loneliness and both objective and subjective health, with adverse impacts of loneliness observed on subsequent subjective and objective health beginning at age 70. Associations between health and subsequent loneliness were observed after age 82 and varied for subjective and objective health, with subjective health associated with less loneliness and objective health associated with greater loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate dynamic associations between loneliness and health with age in mid- to late-adulthood, with earlier impacts of loneliness on health and later impacts of health on loneliness that vary for objective and subjective measures of health. These findings suggest impacts of health on loneliness may arise later in life when worsening health or mobility interfere with social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M Phillips
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, IN, USA
- Institute for Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muñoz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shandell Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh
| | | | - Nancy Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Thompson PsyD MC, Kim PhD AB. Understanding the Experiences of Elderly Bereaved Men and the Bond With Their Pets. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 86:1291-1311. [PMID: 33840274 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the bereaved Older males' experiences with the interaction and ownership of a companion animal after the death of their partner. The primary researcher recruited 13 participants via a criterion-based purposeful sampling method to assure the quality of the information collected. Results revealed six themes: (a) bonds with their pets grew stronger and closer after the loss of their wife; (b) men were able to express their grief to their pets; (c) companion animals helped the men psychologically during grief; (d) pets were influential during times when the wife's presence would have been valuable; (e) companion animals helped men with loneliness and social connection; and (f) companion animals helped men find a new normal by providing a purpose and routine during bereavement. The pets proved to be a source of support for these widowed men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C Thompson PsyD
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Angela B Kim PhD
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, San Diego, California, United States
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Axén A, Taube E, Sanmartin Berglund J, Skär L. Loneliness in Relation to Social Factors and Self-Reported Health Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231198644. [PMID: 37698121 PMCID: PMC10498702 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231198644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is described as a public health problem and can be both a consequence of aging and a cause of ill health. Lonely older adults tend to have difficulties making new social connections, essential in reducing loneliness. Loneliness often varies over time, but established loneliness tends to persist. Maintaining good health is fundamental throughout the life course. Social connections change with aging, which can contribute to loneliness. AIM This study aimed to investigate loneliness in relation to social factors and self-reported health among older adults. METHOD A cross-sectional research design was used based on data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, Blekinge (SNAC-B), from February 2019 to April 2021. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive and inferential analysis. RESULTS Of n = 394 participants, 31.7% (n = 125) stated loneliness. Close emotional connections were necessary for less loneliness. Loneliness was more common among those who did not live with their spouse or partner and met more rarely. Furthermore, seeing grandchildren and neighbors less often increased loneliness, and a more extensive social network decreased loneliness. CONCLUSION This study underlined the importance of social connections and having someone to share a close, emotional connection with to reduce loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Axén
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lisa Skär
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
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Akhter-Khan SC, Hofmann V, Warncke M, Tamimi N, Mayston R, Prina MA. Caregiving, volunteering, and loneliness in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36417922 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2144130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults contribute vast amounts of care to society, yet it remains unclear how unpaid productive activities relate to loneliness. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence for associations between midlife and older people's unpaid productive activities (i.e., spousal and grandparental caregiving, volunteering) and loneliness. METHODS Peer-reviewed observational articles that investigated the association between loneliness and caregiving or volunteering in later life (>50 years) were searched on electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo and Global Health) from inception until July 2021. Studies were analysed using narrative synthesis and assessed for methodological quality applying the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 28 articles from 21 countries with 191,652 participants were included (52.5% women). Results were separately discussed for the type of unpaid productive activity, namely, general caregiving (N = 10), spousal caregiving (N = 7), grandparental caregiving (N = 7), and volunteering (N = 6). Risk of bias assessments revealed a moderate to high quality of included studies. Loneliness was positively associated with spousal caregiving but negatively associated with caregiving to grandchildren and volunteering. CONCLUSIONS Grandparental caregiving and volunteering may be promising avenues for reducing loneliness in older age. Future studies will need to distinguish between different types of caregiving and volunteering and explore more complex longitudinal designs with diverse samples to investigate causal relationships with loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia C Akhter-Khan
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valerie Hofmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martha Warncke
- Medical School, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Tamimi
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosie Mayston
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew A Prina
- Department of Health Service & Population Research, King's College London, London, UK
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Xie J, Zhang B, Yao Z, Zhang W, Wang J, Zhao CN, Huang X. The effect of subjective age on loneliness in the old adults: The chain mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Front Public Health 2022; 10:907934. [PMID: 35983360 PMCID: PMC9379278 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore the effect of subjective age on loneliness in old adults, and the mediating role of resilience and self-esteem in subjective age and loneliness. Methods Approximately 450 old adults from Jiangxi, Hunan, Henan provinces completed the third edition of the Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS III), Age Decade Scale (ADS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Self-Esteem Scale (SES). Results (1) Subjective age was significantly positively correlated with loneliness. (2) Resilience, self-esteem, and loneliness were significantly negatively correlated. (3) Subjective age affected loneliness through the mediating effects of resilience and self-esteem, respectively. (4) Resilience and self-esteem played a chain mediating role between subjective age and loneliness. Conclusion Resilience and self-esteem can directly affect the loneliness of the old adults alone and can also affect the loneliness of the old adults through the chain mediating effect of resilience and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Mental Health Service Center, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
- School of Educational Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of International Education, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Zhendong Yao
- Normal College, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Mental Health Service Center, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Counseling Center of Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Chun-ni Zhao
- School of Marxism, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xinquan Huang
- School of Marxism, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinquan Huang
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13
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Cross-sectional associations of personal efforts and beliefs and depressive symptoms among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13194. [PMID: 35915137 PMCID: PMC9343383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst there is growing evidence on the increased vulnerability of older adults to depression, there is limited research on potentially mitigative factors against symptoms of depression at a population level. This research examined associations of possible protective factors (personal efforts and beliefs) and depressive symptoms among older adults in India. This cross-sectional study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India with 31,464 respondents aged 60 years and above. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable linear regression was used while exploring the associated factors of depressive symptoms. The mean score of depressive symptoms was 2.94 (CI 2.92, 2.96). Older adults who engaged in moderate [aCoef: −0.11, CI −0.18, −0.05], vigorous [aCoef: −0.09, CI −0.16, −0.03], or both types of physical activity [aCoef: −0.10, CI −0.19, −0.02] had lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in comparison to those who were physically inactive. Older adults who participated in social activities were less likely to have depressive symptoms [aCoef: −0.44, CI −0.50, −0.39] compared to their socially inactive counterparts. Further, older adults who perceived religion as very important [aCoef: −0.29, CI −0.41, −0.17], who had high life satisfaction [aCoef: −0.78, CI −0.82, −0.73], who had good self-perceived health [aCoef: −0.29, CI −0.33, −0.25] and those who had high self-perceived social standing [aCoef: −0.39, CI −0.47, −0.31] had lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in comparison to their respective counterparts. Physical activity, social participation, voluntary work and financial contribution to family, religiosity, life satisfaction, self-perceived health and self-perceived social standing are associated with lower likelihood of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in this study. Future longitudinal studies should explore these factors that can guide interventions against depression in old age.
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Abstract
While aging in place is preferred by the vast majority of adults and can bring a host of psychological and physical benefits, older adults require community support in order to age in place safely and with dignity. In this commentary, we review the demographic changes and characteristics of older adults nationally and in Delaware, highlight some of the benefits and challenges to aging in place, and discuss the individual and system-level strategies that are needed to help older adults successfully age in place. Finally, we provide an overview of one creative solution that addresses instrumental and social needs among individuals aging in place with chronic illness.
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15
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Tonui BC, Miller VJ, Adeniji DO. Older immigrant adults experiences with social isolation: a qualitative interpretive meta synthesis. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35521684 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2068131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Older immigrants totaled 7.3 million in 2018, representing 13.9 percent of the population of seniors in the U.S. While this population is found to contribute significantly to society, along with new opportunities comes circumstantial challenges. Of these, one of the most salient issues for foreign-born older adults is social isolation. Additionally, this population may be at an increased risk for social isolation with poor mental health because migrating to a new country might result in resettlement challenges. Despite these concerns, less is known about the consequences of social isolation among older immigrant adults. Hence, this study seeks to explore consequences of social isolation among older immigrants, as well as interventions to combat isolation.Methods: Guided by the Population Interest Context (PICO) framework and the Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis (QIMS) guidelines.Results: The final sample of seven full text articles were published between 2011 and 2021, totaling 286 participants with ages ranging from 61 to 93 years old. Findings from the study indicated that older immigrants are at risk of social isolation and loneliness because they have fewer social connections due to leaving behind their familiar social group in the home country, encounter linguistic challenges that negatively contribute to greater social isolation and poor mental health. Despite these difficulties older immigrants reported various social interventions, access to senior centers, community programs and services to be of greater importance in building social networks.Conclusion: Authors discuss opportunities for future research, such as exploring evidence-based studies on interventions for social isolation and loneliness of older immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty C Tonui
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work and Criminal Justice, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Vivian J Miller
- Social Work, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Dolapo O Adeniji
- Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Moeyersons M, De Vliegher K, Huyghe B, De Groof S, Milisen K, de Casterlé BD. 'Living in a shrinking world'-The experience of loneliness among community-dwelling older people with reduced mobility: a qualitative grounded theory approach. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:285. [PMID: 35387595 PMCID: PMC8984073 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is associated with severe consequences for both the physical and mental health of older people. Research has shown that mobility limitations are an important risk factor for the emergence and maintenance of feelings of loneliness. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of loneliness among community-dwelling older people with reduced mobility and its underlying dynamics. METHODS This study employed a qualitative, descriptive design, inspired by a grounded theory approach. Participants were purposively recruited in collaboration with home health care providers. The main inclusion criteria were as follows: aged 75 years or older, being mobile impaired, experiencing feelings of loneliness, and living at home and being cognitively able to be interviewed. Data analysis of 15 semi-structured, in-depth interviews was conducted based on the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL). RESULTS Loneliness was expressed through all the stories, but it appeared as an elusive, intangible phenomenon. Both indicating the presence of loneliness and describing what this phenomenon means were difficult to express for most participants. Loneliness was experienced as an inherent part of the ageing process characterised by losses, limitations and meaninglessness. Participants described how they have experienced losing grip on the world in which they live and feel isolated in a literally and figuratively shrinking world. Loneliness is described as the feeling that one is unable to address the situation that results in deep sadness and the feeling of no longer being of value to their environment. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that loneliness among community-dwelling older persons with reduced mobility is embedded in experiences of loss related to ageing, among which reduced mobility plays a significant role. The results suggest the existence of a more profound experience of loneliness than might appear at first glance. How to recognise experiences of loneliness and how to support a meaningful existence for community-dwelling older persons should be given priority in health care. The findings of this study can increase professional caregivers' sensitivity to implicit signals of loneliness. Further research is necessary to refine the outcomes and to further explore the role of reduced mobility in the experience of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Moeyersons
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel De Vliegher
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Nursing Departement, Wit-Gele Kruis van Vlaanderen, Frontispiesstraat 8 bus 1.2 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brooke Huyghe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sacha De Groof
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Milisen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d bus, 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Factors Associated With Participation in Physical Leisure Activities in Taiwanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 31:430-439. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was to identify factors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels that relate to physical leisure participation in Taiwanese community-dwelling older adults and to examine their relative importance. We used a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling (N = 160). Physical leisure participation was quantified as the variety, frequency, and duration of participation. Data were analyzed using a series of hierarchical multiple linear regressions. The results showed that higher variety, frequency, or duration of physical leisure participation was associated with older males and with those who reported having better health, fewer depressive symptoms, and greater social support. Intrapersonal- and interpersonal-level factors play a relatively more important role in predicting physical leisure participation than factors at the community level. Understanding factors that relate to these three levels of participation has the potential to inform interventions that are tailored to individual profiles.
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The Missing Measure of Loneliness: A Case for Including Neededness in Loneliness Scales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010429. [PMID: 35010687 PMCID: PMC8744771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prominent tools used to measure loneliness such as the UCLA Scale and DJGS include no items related to being needed, i.e., neededness. More recent scales such as the DLS and SELSA do include items on neededness, but only within their romantic loneliness subscales. This paper proposes that new iterations of loneliness scales should include in all subscales two items on neededness: (a) whether a person feels important to someone else and (b) whether that person has good ways to serve others’ well-being. The paper surveys cognate studies that do not rely on loneliness scales but establish a link between neededness and feelings of social connection. It then highlights ways in which neededness items would improve the ability of loneliness scales to specify the risk profile, to delineate variations in the emotional tone and quality of loneliness, and to propose suitable interventions. The paper outlines a theoretical argument—drawing on moral philosophy—that prosociality and being needed are non-contingent, morally urgent human needs, postulating that the protective benefits of neededness vary according to at least four factors: the significance, persistence, non-instrumentality, and non-fungibility of the ways in which a person is needed. Finally, the paper considers implications for the design of appropriate remedies for loneliness.
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19
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Freed SA, Sprague BN, Stephan AT, Doyle CE, Tian J, Phillips CB, Ross LA. Feasibility and Enjoyment of Exercise Video Games in Older Adults. Front Public Health 2021; 9:751289. [PMID: 34805074 PMCID: PMC8602072 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.751289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several interventions have been developed to enhance social connectedness among older adults. However, little research has demonstrated their performance in a social distancing environment. Exergames are not only beneficial to older adults' physical and cognitive health, but they also allow players to interact with each other at a distance, which can reduce loneliness and increase social connection. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate older adults' perceptions of two commercially available exergames. Methods: Twenty healthy community-dwelling older adults (M age = 73.30, SD = 5.95, range = 65–84 years, 80% women) were recruited in this pilot study between July 2019 and February 2020. They were asked to play two exergames for 10 min each on the Xbox One with Kinect console: Just Dance and Kinect Sports Rivals. After gameplay, they provided both quantitative and qualitative feedback on these games. Results: Participants reported an average rating for exergame enjoyment. Greater enjoyment was significantly related with younger age and greater extraversion but not gender. Participants were highly motivated to do well on the games but reported lower scores for likelihood of playing these games in the future. Greater likelihood of future play was associated with younger age but not gender or extraversion. “Not aerobic or strengthen enough; not enough exertion,” and “slower movements, repetition, clear purpose of doing the exercise” were some factors that would influence their decision to buy and play these games. Discussion: The preliminary results of this pilot study suggest that exergames may help address social isolation and loneliness—particularly during times of social distancing. Before applying exergames as a social isolation or loneliness intervention for older adults, study replication in larger representative studies and future work that examines important design issues related to older adults' experiences with these games is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Freed
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States
| | - Briana N Sprague
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Abigail T Stephan
- Department of Education and Human Development, Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Cassidy E Doyle
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States
| | - Junyan Tian
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, United States
| | - Christine B Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lesley A Ross
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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20
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Wolfe WA. Loneliness: An Overlooked Contributing Factor in Anorexia of Older Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease and Focal Point for Interventions to Enhance Nutritional Status-An Overview of Evidence and Areas of Suggested Research. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:498-502. [PMID: 34772602 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research has shown that loneliness can contribute to anorexia in older non-ESRD (end-stage renal disease) populations, and the benefits of its mitigation with improving appetite, nutrient, and caloric intake, its implications for older patients with ESRD have been overlooked. This article provides an overview of evidence on the potential contributing role of loneliness in anorexia of older patients with ESRD, and loneliness as a focal point for interventions to help improve nutritional status. Areas of needed research are suggested in the course of the analysis. With a 41%-83% projected rise in the prevalence of patients in the United States with ESRD by 2030, and demographic population trends showing that an ever-increasing number will be living alone, there is a long overdue need to better understand the implications of loneliness for this nutritionally vulnerable population. KEYWORDS: Chronic kidney disease; loneliness; anorexia; malnutrition; protein energy wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Wolfe
- Women's Institute for Family Health of Philadelphia, Consultant & University of Pennsylvania, School of Social Policy & Practice, Graduate Student Mentoring.
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21
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The Effect of Social Cohesion on Interest, Usefulness, and Ease of Use of a Driving Assistance System in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111412. [PMID: 34769929 PMCID: PMC8583404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between social cohesion and the perceived interest in, the usefulness of, and the ease of use of an instructor-based driver assistance system in a sample of older adults. With the aging of the population, the use of technologies to support the driving skills of the elderly is expected, and it is necessary to clarify the conditions under which the elderly will be interested in these advanced technologies. Traditionally, social cohesion has been focused on as a function of instrumental and practical support in the lives of the elderly. Since social cohesion reflects the intention to help each other, it could be an opportunity to provide information on advanced driving skill techniques to older people who are becoming more difficult to drive. As an initial exploration, this study examined whether social cohesion was associated with the interest in, the usefulness of, and the ease of use of an instructor-based driver assistance system in 150 elderly people. The results showed that a greater social cohesion was significantly associated with these evaluations, and that a comprehension of the system also contributed. The possession of a license was significantly associated with interest in the program. These findings are an essential step toward the understanding of the roles of social cohesion and positive perception of advanced technology in older adults.
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22
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Lee C, Cho B, Yang Q, Chang SJ, Ryu SI, Noh EY, Park YH. A Psychometric Analysis of the 20-item Revised University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale Among Korean Older Adults Living Alone. Res Gerontol Nurs 2021; 14:306-316. [PMID: 34605734 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20210924-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the factor structure of the Korean version of the Revised University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale for the Korean older adult population. Analyses were based on a cross-sectional cohort of 1,041 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥65 years) living alone in one Korean city. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the underlying structure of the scale, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to ascertain the validity of the outcomes. For reliability, Cronbach's alpha was computed. Based on EFA and CFA results, a two-factor structure was found. The first factor reflected "intimate loneliness" and the second "relational loneliness." Derived factors demonstrated satisfactory reliability (>0.8). The two factors of loneliness identified in this study could be considered when attempting to treat loneliness among older adults. Nevertheless, future studies should confirm the findings of this study and evaluate aspects of validity beyond factorial validity to further support the conceptual separation of the two identified factors. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14(6), 305-316.].
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Heinze N, Hussain SF, Castle CL, Godier-McBard LR, Kempapidis T, Gomes RSM. The Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Loneliness in People Living With Disability and Visual Impairment. Front Public Health 2021; 9:738304. [PMID: 34568266 PMCID: PMC8458570 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.738304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been growing concern about the impact of restrictions put in place to contain the coronavirus pandemic on loneliness, particularly in individuals with disabilities. This study explored the longitudinal impact of the pandemic on loneliness in these individuals, with a focus on those living with visual impairment (VI). Methods: An online survey was conducted in April-2020 and repeated in March 2021 to explore current life circumstances, health-related behaviours, sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and social well-being, including state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Index) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness scale). A convenience sample of 602 participants completed the first survey. Participants who agreed to be re-contacted were invited to take part in the follow-up survey. Results: Data is presented for the 160 participants who completed both timepoints. At both timepoints, median loneliness was significantly higher in participants with disabilities and those with VI than in participants with no disabilities. While there was no significant change in loneliness in any of the three subgroups, participants with VI experienced the largest increase in median loneliness. Loneliness was associated with having a mental health condition and higher levels of state anxiety at both timepoints. Conclusions: Individuals with disabilities such as VI experienced consistently higher levels of loneliness than those with no disabilities throughout the pandemic. While loneliness remained relatively stable in individuals with no disabilities, it increased, albeit to a non-significant level, in those with disabilities and particularly those with VI. Interventions designed to alleviate loneliness may benefit from addressing state anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Heinze
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syeda F. Hussain
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. Castle
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren R. Godier-McBard
- Veterans and Families Institute for Military Social Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Theofilos Kempapidis
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Renata S. M. Gomes
- Research and Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, London, United Kingdom
- BRAVO VICTOR, Research, London, United Kingdom
- Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research, Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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24
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A gradual separation from the world: a qualitative exploration of existential loneliness in old age. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study sought to explore qualitatively experiences of existential loneliness (EL) in 80 older people living in retirement communities across the United Kingdom and Australia. Qualitative semi-structured interviews permitted in-depth exploration of issues such as biographical narrative, close relationships, loss, feelings of loneliness and retirement living. It was our intention to conduct a large-scale, deep-listening exercise that would provide further clues about EL in older people and the circumstances that give rise to such feelings. Data provided rich insight into older people's inner lives. Core themes identified loss of close attachments, lack of physical touch and intimacy, deterioration of health and body, and lack of an emotional language through which to express EL as central to older people's experiences. Furthermore, there was a suggestion that the move to retirement living was for many people inextricably connected to their experience of EL. Our data further support and extend the notion that EL can be thought of as a gradual sense of separation from the world and that ageing intensifies a myriad of social, emotional and physical circumstances that prompt its emergence. This sense of existential isolation need not be thought of as exclusive to those experiencing extreme frailty or who face death imminently – our data pointed to a clear and gradual emergence of EL throughout later life.
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Kharicha K, Manthorpe J, Iliffe S, Chew-Graham CA, Cattan M, Goodman C, Kirby-Barr M, Whitehouse JH, Walters K. Managing loneliness: a qualitative study of older people's views. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1206-1213. [PMID: 32091237 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1729337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Engaging with older people who self-identify as lonely may help professionals in mental health and other services understand how they deal with loneliness. The evidence-base for effective interventions to address loneliness is inconclusive. This study aimed to explore how community-dwelling lonely older people in England manage their experiences of loneliness. Twenty eight community-dwelling older people identifying as lonely, based on responses to two loneliness measures (self-report and a standardised instrument), participated in in-depth interviews between 2013 and 2014. Fifteen lived alone. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews was conducted by a multidisciplinary team including older people.Participants drew on a range of strategies to ameliorate their distress which had been developed over their lives and shaped according to individual coping styles and contexts. Strategies included physical engagement with the world beyond their home, using technologies, planning, and engagement with purpose in an 'outside world', and acceptance, endurance, revealing and hiding, positive attitude and motivation, and distraction within an 'inside world'. Strategies of interests and hobbies, comparative thinking, religion and spirituality and use of alcohol straddled both the inside and outside worlds. Participants conveyed a personal responsibility for managing feelings of loneliness rather than relying on others. This study includes the experiences of those living with loneliness whilst also living with other people. When developing policy and practice responses to loneliness it is important to listen attentively to the views of those who may not be engaging with services designed for 'the lonely' and to consider their own strategies for managing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kharicha
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - J Manthorpe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit on Health and Social Care Workforce, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Iliffe
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - C A Chew-Graham
- School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - M Cattan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Goodman
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - M Kirby-Barr
- Patient and Public Involvement Member, London, UK
| | | | - K Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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Bott A, Saunders G. A scoping review of studies investigating hearing loss, social isolation and/or loneliness in adults. Int J Audiol 2021; 60:30-46. [PMID: 34030565 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1915506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation and loneliness are interrelated but independent constructs that threaten healthy aging and well-being and are thought to be associated with hearing loss. Our aim was to review the empirical studies that have examined the association between hearing loss and social isolation and/or loneliness to highlight future research needs. DESIGN Scoping review. STUDY SAMPLE Three electronic databases were searched combining key terms of "hearing loss", "hearing impairment" and "deaf*" with "social isolation" or "loneliness", yielding an initial result of 939 articles. After removing duplicate articles, abstract screening and full-text review, 57 original articles met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Studies were diverse in terms of methodology with the most common type of study being studies that have explored the relationship between hearing loss and social isolation/loneliness from large population-based datasets. Only eight studies were intervention studies and of these, only one specifically explored the outcomes of hearing aids (HAs) on social isolation/loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Further research is warranted to examine the influence that hearing interventions, in particular HAs, have on social isolation and/or loneliness, with a specific need to include people who identify as being socially isolated and/or lonely at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Saunders
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness (ManCAD), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Bowe M, Gray D, Stevenson C, McNamara N, Wakefield JRH, Kellezi B, Wilson I, Cleveland M, Mair E, Halder M, Costa S. A social cure in the community: A mixed‐method exploration of the role of social identity in the experiences and well‐being of community volunteers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi Bowe
- Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Debra Gray
- Department of Psychology University of Winchester Winchester UK
| | | | - Niamh McNamara
- Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | | | - Blerina Kellezi
- Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Iain Wilson
- Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Mair
- Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Moon Halder
- Department of Psychology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
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Moieni M, Seeman TE, Robles TF, Lieberman MD, Okimoto S, Lengacher C, Irwin MR, Eisenberger NI. Generativity and Social Well-Being in Older Women: Expectations Regarding Aging Matter. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:289-294. [PMID: 32064530 PMCID: PMC7813180 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Beliefs about aging can contribute to health and well-being in older adults. Feeling generative, or that one is caring for and contributing to the well-being of others, can also impact health and well-being. In this study, we hypothesized that those with more positive expectations regarding aging (ERA) in the mental health domain would report greater levels of perceived social support (PSS) and lower levels of loneliness in response to a generativity intervention (vs control condition). METHOD Participants in this study (n = 73, 100% female) were randomly assigned to a 6-week generativity condition, which involved writing about life experiences and sharing advice with others, or to a control condition, which involved writing about neutral topics. Pre- and postintervention, PSS, and feelings of loneliness were measured. RESULTS Those in the generativity condition with more positive ERA in the mental health domain reported greater PSS and lower loneliness postintervention. DISCUSSION These results highlight the importance of psychological factors, such as ERA, in moderating the efficacy of interventions to promote social well-being in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moieni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Teresa E Seeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Stephanie Okimoto
- UCLA Clinical and Translational Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Clara Lengacher
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles
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Pagan R. Gender and Age Differences in Loneliness: Evidence for People without and with Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9176. [PMID: 33302577 PMCID: PMC7763056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the relationships between loneliness, gender, and age for people without and with disabilities (moderate versus severe) in Germany. Using data taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 2013 and 2017 and using the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale, in general we found that males report lower loneliness scores as compared to those for females. Furthermore, we found a strong association between loneliness and the individual's age, but with differences according to gender and disability status. For example, for males with severe disabilities levels of loneliness decrease with age, whereas for females with severe disabilities the opposite result is found. In addition, we found that participation in leisure activities and having a higher frequency of contacts with family, friends, and social online networks (measured by the relational time index) contribute to reducing loneliness for all individuals. From a public policy perspective, it is necessary to undertake the design, promotion, and implementation of instrumental, emotional, and social support measures for people with disabilities (in particular for females that are severely limited in their daily activities), which can contribute to reducing their loneliness scores and increasing their levels of life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pagan
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Lysell E, Wolf A. Patients' experiences of everyday living before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:788-795. [PMID: 32781491 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease in western countries. Unless treated, it is associated with a poor prognosis. Surgical aortic valve replacement, the gold-standard approach, aims to increase survival and improve quality of life. In recent years, though, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the treatment of choice in elderly, high-risk patients who are denied open surgery. To date, however, little is known about their personal psychological experience after undergoing TAVI. AIM This study aimed to explore patients' experiences during everyday life before and after TAVI. METHOD Altogether, 14 elderly Swedish patients (9 women, 5 men), treated with TAVI, were interviewed between 2 and 6 months after the implantation. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the participants' experiences was divided into two domains: before and after, that is, life with AS vs. life after TAVI. From these domains, four categories were derived: (1) adapting to the deteriorating self; (2) feeling disconnected; (3) reconstruction of self; and (4) processing disappointment. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter aortic valve implantation involves not only adding years to life but also adding life to years. The urge to live an autonomous life in a social context with others is an important argument for undergoing a TAVI procedure. Despite severe illness and demanding rehabilitation, elderly TAVI patients have the ability to regain independence and rebuild their lives when they base their decision to undergo TAVI on personal goals. These findings might be helpful when implementing person-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lysell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region VästraGötaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Axel Wolf
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Region VästraGötaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Koskinen C, Nyman G, Nyholm L. Life has given me suffering and desire – A study of older men’s lives after the loss of their life partners. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:163-169. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Koskinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Caring and Ethics University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies Department of Caring Science Åbo Akademi University Vaasa Finland
| | - Gun‐Britt Nyman
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies Department of Caring Science Åbo Akademi University Vaasa Finland
| | - Linda Nyholm
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies Department of Caring Science Åbo Akademi University Vaasa Finland
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Larsson K, Wallroth V, Schröder A. "You Never Get Used to Loneliness" - Older Adults' Experiences of Loneliness When Applying for Going on a Senior Summer Camp. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2019; 62:892-911. [PMID: 31809684 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1687633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was explore why the informants were feeling lonely and considered themselves to be in need of attending a senior summer camp, and how the informants were experiencing loneliness before they went to the senior summer camp. Interviews was made with nineteen older adult people (15 women and 4 men). A phenomenological inspired approach was used for the analysis of the interviews. Eight themes resulted: Hard to make new friends, Other circumstances making it hard to be social, Feel very lonely even if they lead rich social lives, Loss of loved ones, Do not want to do things alone, Friends make a difference, Do not feel lonely but need a change and Loneliness occurs at certain times. Through this analysis, we have gain insights to better understand loneliness as a multifaceted phenomenon that is associated with both personal circumstances and social situations. Many of the informants experienced being very lonely, even if they lead rich social lives. The experience of loneliness was connected to not having anyone they can turn to in confidence or to share experiences with and the need to belong to something or the need of a change in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjerstin Larsson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Veronika Wallroth
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Agneta Schröder
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Care and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjövik, Norway
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Matsuda N, Murata S, Torizawa K, Isa T, Ebina A, Kondo Y, Tsuboi Y, Fukuta A, Okumura M, Shigemoto C, Ono R. Association Between Public Transportation Use and Loneliness Among Urban Elderly People Who Stop Driving. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721419851293. [PMID: 31321253 PMCID: PMC6628514 DOI: 10.1177/2333721419851293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine the association between public transportation use
and loneliness in urban elderly who stop driving. Methods: In this
cross-sectional study, we assessed 31 community-dwelling older adults who had
stopped driving. Public transportation use was assessed by using frequency and
divided into two groups. The users group was participants who used public
transportation more than once a week and the nonusers group was participants who
used public transportation less than once a week. Loneliness was measured using
the Japanese version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 (UCLA.LS.ver3), with
a higher score indicating greater loneliness. The independent t
test was used to compare the UCLA.LS.ver3 scores between users and nonusers
group. A multiple linear regression model was used with the UCLA.LS.ver3 score
as the objective variable and public transportation use as the explanatory
variable. Results: The UCLA.LS.ver3 score was significantly higher
in the nonusers group than in the users group (nonusers group: 12.7 ± 1.9; users
group: 10.1 ± 2.9, p = .017). After adjustments, public
transportation use was significantly associated with lower loneliness (β =
−2.55, p = .029). Conclusion: Public
transportation use might have important role to prevent loneliness in older
adults who stop driving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shunsuke Murata
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yamato Tsuboi
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Rei Ono
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Hwang J, Wang L, Siever J, Medico TD, Jones CA. Loneliness and social isolation among older adults in a community exercise program: a qualitative study. Aging Ment Health 2019. [PMID: 29543517 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1450835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness and social isolation (L&SI) are associated with physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Walk 'n' Talk for your Life (WTL) is a community-based program of socialization, health education, falls prevention exercise and walking for community-dwelling older adults. This qualitative study was done to gain further insight into the experience and impacts of the WTL on seniors' L&SI. METHODS One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen participants who had completed the WTL . Interview questions focused on eliciting a better understanding of how the WTL impacted participants' feelings of L&SI. Content analysis was used to classify the qualitative data . RESULTS This qualitative evaluation helped to obtain a richer understanding of WTL participants' reasons for loneliness and the benefits of the program on participants' experience of L&SI. Participants felt WTL helped motivate them to socialize and reduced their feelings of loneliness by providing a sense of 'belonging' which appeared to be mediated by the group exercise/walking component of the program. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into participants' experiences of L&SI. Further research in a broader population of older adults is mandated to determine the efficacy of community exercise programs in reducing L&SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Hwang
- a Faculty of Medicine, Southern Medical Program , University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- a Faculty of Medicine, Southern Medical Program , University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Jodi Siever
- a Faculty of Medicine, Southern Medical Program , University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Talia Del Medico
- b Faculty of Undergraduate Studies , University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Charlotte A Jones
- a Faculty of Medicine, Southern Medical Program , University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
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Carr DC, Kail BL, Matz-Costa C, Shavit YZ. Does Becoming A Volunteer Attenuate Loneliness Among Recently Widowed Older Adults? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 73:501-510. [PMID: 28977483 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Loneliness is a significant public health concern, particularly for those who have lost a spouse through widowhood. This study examines whether becoming a volunteer at the time of widowhood is associated with reduction of these risks. Method A pooled sample of 5,882 married adults age 51+, drawn from the 2006-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, was used to estimate regression models of the relationship between becoming widowed (relative to staying continuously married) and loneliness, and whether the associated loneliness of having lost a spouse is moderated by starting to volunteer (<2 hr, 2+ hr/week). Results Our results show that for those who become widowed, loneliness is significantly higher than those who stay continuously married. However, starting to volunteer 2+ hr per week is related to attenuated loneliness among the widowed such that widows who volunteer at that intensity have levels of loneliness similar to those of continuously married individuals volunteering at the same intensity. Discussion This study suggests higher intensity volunteering may be a particularly important pathway for alleviating loneliness among older adults who have recently become widowed. Results are discussed in light of theory, future research, and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn C Carr
- Department of Sociology and the Pepper Center on Aging and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | | | - Christina Matz-Costa
- School of Social Work and the Center on Aging and Work, Boston College, Massachusetts
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Yang F, Zhang J, Wang J. Correlates of loneliness in older adults in Shanghai, China: does age matter? BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:300. [PMID: 30509209 PMCID: PMC6278108 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a public health concern with serious health consequences in older adults. Despite a large body of research on the correlates of loneliness, little is known about the age group differences in the correlates. Given that the older adult population is heterogeneous, this study aims to examine the correlates of loneliness in older adults in Shanghai, and to explore how the correlates vary across different age groups. METHODS We used the Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey (SUNS) which was conducted in 2016 and 2017. The total sample size of older adults included in the analysis was 2770. Loneliness was measured using the sum of the 6 items derived from the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Correlates include demographic variables, health conditions, social factors, and new media use. Regression analysis was used to examine the correlates of loneliness first in the whole sample, and then in the young old (60-79 years old) and the old old (80+ years old) separately. RESULTS The mean of loneliness score was 18.48 (SD = 5.77). The old old reported a higher level of loneliness than the young old. Variables, including age, living arrangement, marital status, education, health, family functioning, volunteering, square dancing, and new media use were found to be significant in the whole sample. Most of the significant correlates observed in the young old were identical to the findings reported for the total sample, with an exception for living arrangement. Self-rated health (SRH) and family functioning were two important correlates for the old old. CONCLUSIONS Correlates of loneliness vary for the young old and the old old. The older adults at higher risk of loneliness deserve more attention and concern. Future interventions should be tailored to the young old and the old old to better help older adults alleviate loneliness and enhance their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Junan Zhang
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444 China
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Strategies employed by older people to manage loneliness: systematic review of qualitative studies and model development. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:1767-1781. [PMID: 29798736 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTObjectives:To (i) systematically identify and review strategies employed by community dwelling lonely older people to manage their loneliness and (ii) develop a model for managing loneliness. METHODS A narrative synthesis review of English-language qualitative evidence, following Economic and Social Research Council guidance. Seven electronic databases were searched (1990-January 2017). The narrative synthesis included tabulation, thematic analysis, and conceptual model development. All co-authors assessed eligibility of final papers and reached a consensus on analytic themes. RESULTS From 3,043 records, 11 studies were eligible including a total of 502 older people. Strategies employed to manage loneliness can be described by a model with two overarching dimensions, one related to the context of coping (alone or with/in reference to others), the other related to strategy type (prevention/action or acceptance/endurance of loneliness). The dynamic and subjective nature of loneliness is reflected in the variety of coping mechanisms, drawing on individual coping styles and highlighting considerable efforts in managing time, contacting others, and keeping loneliness hidden. Cognitive strategies were used to re-frame negative feelings, to make them more manageable or to shift the focus from the present or themselves. Few unsuccessful strategies were described. CONCLUSION Strategies to manage loneliness vary from prevention/action through to acceptance and endurance. There are distinct preferences to cope alone or involve others; only those in the latter category are likely to engage with services and social activities. Older people who deal with their loneliness privately may find it difficult to articulate an inability to cope.
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O'Rourke HM, Collins L, Sidani S. Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018. [PMID: 30219034 DOI: 10.1186/s127877-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk for loneliness, and interventions to promote social connectedness are needed to directly address this problem. The nature of interventions aimed to affect the distinct, subjective concepts of loneliness/social connectedness has not been clearly described. The purpose of this review was to map the literature on interventions and strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness for older adults. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception in July 2015, resulting in 5530 unique records. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a set of 44 studies (reported in 54 articles) for further analysis. Data were extracted to describe the interventions and strategies, and the context of the included studies. Analytic techniques included calculating frequencies, manifest content analysis and meta-summary. RESULTS Interventions were described or evaluated in 39 studies, and five studies described strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness of older adults or their caregivers in a qualitative descriptive study. The studies were often conducted in the United States (38.6%) among community dwelling (54.5%), cognitively intact (31.8%), and female-majority (86.4%) samples. Few focused on non-white participants (4.5%). Strategies described most often were engaging in purposeful activity and maintaining contact with one's social network. Of nine intervention types identified, the most frequently described were One-to-One Personal Contact and Group Activity. Authors held divergent views of why the same type of intervention might impact social connectedness, but social contact was the most frequently conceptualized influencing factor targeted, both within and across intervention types. CONCLUSIONS Research to test the divergent theories of why interventions work is needed to advance understanding of intervention mechanisms. Innovative conceptualizations of intervention targets are needed, such as purposeful activity, that move beyond the current focus on the objective social network as a way to promote social connectedness for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Laura Collins
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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O'Rourke HM, Collins L, Sidani S. Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018. [PMID: 30219034 DOI: 10.1186/sl2877-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk for loneliness, and interventions to promote social connectedness are needed to directly address this problem. The nature of interventions aimed to affect the distinct, subjective concepts of loneliness/social connectedness has not been clearly described. The purpose of this review was to map the literature on interventions and strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness for older adults. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception in July 2015, resulting in 5530 unique records. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a set of 44 studies (reported in 54 articles) for further analysis. Data were extracted to describe the interventions and strategies, and the context of the included studies. Analytic techniques included calculating frequencies, manifest content analysis and meta-summary. RESULTS Interventions were described or evaluated in 39 studies, and five studies described strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness of older adults or their caregivers in a qualitative descriptive study. The studies were often conducted in the United States (38.6%) among community dwelling (54.5%), cognitively intact (31.8%), and female-majority (86.4%) samples. Few focused on non-white participants (4.5%). Strategies described most often were engaging in purposeful activity and maintaining contact with one's social network. Of nine intervention types identified, the most frequently described were One-to-One Personal Contact and Group Activity. Authors held divergent views of why the same type of intervention might impact social connectedness, but social contact was the most frequently conceptualized influencing factor targeted, both within and across intervention types. CONCLUSIONS Research to test the divergent theories of why interventions work is needed to advance understanding of intervention mechanisms. Innovative conceptualizations of intervention targets are needed, such as purposeful activity, that move beyond the current focus on the objective social network as a way to promote social connectedness for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Laura Collins
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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40
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O’Rourke HM, Collins L, Sidani S. Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:214. [PMID: 30219034 PMCID: PMC6139173 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at risk for loneliness, and interventions to promote social connectedness are needed to directly address this problem. The nature of interventions aimed to affect the distinct, subjective concepts of loneliness/social connectedness has not been clearly described. The purpose of this review was to map the literature on interventions and strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness for older adults. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched from inception in July 2015, resulting in 5530 unique records. Standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a set of 44 studies (reported in 54 articles) for further analysis. Data were extracted to describe the interventions and strategies, and the context of the included studies. Analytic techniques included calculating frequencies, manifest content analysis and meta-summary. RESULTS Interventions were described or evaluated in 39 studies, and five studies described strategies to affect loneliness/social connectedness of older adults or their caregivers in a qualitative descriptive study. The studies were often conducted in the United States (38.6%) among community dwelling (54.5%), cognitively intact (31.8%), and female-majority (86.4%) samples. Few focused on non-white participants (4.5%). Strategies described most often were engaging in purposeful activity and maintaining contact with one's social network. Of nine intervention types identified, the most frequently described were One-to-One Personal Contact and Group Activity. Authors held divergent views of why the same type of intervention might impact social connectedness, but social contact was the most frequently conceptualized influencing factor targeted, both within and across intervention types. CONCLUSIONS Research to test the divergent theories of why interventions work is needed to advance understanding of intervention mechanisms. Innovative conceptualizations of intervention targets are needed, such as purposeful activity, that move beyond the current focus on the objective social network as a way to promote social connectedness for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. O’Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Laura Collins
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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Ojembe BU, Ebe Kalu M. Describing reasons for loneliness among older people in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2018; 61:640-658. [PMID: 29920168 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1487495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rural-urban migration of family members often leads to a higher probability of older people living alone, and minimizes family/social networks, which increases old age loneliness. In this study, we describe the existence of loneliness among older adults in Nigeria and its factors, aiming to inform the development of interventions for reducing old age loneliness. We adopted a descriptive phenomenological approach to the qualitative design, purposefully selecting and conducting face-to-face interviews with 12 older adults aged 58-88. We analyzed the data using a Thematic Analysis. Results of the analysis revealed three major themes: perception and existence of loneliness, factors for loneliness, and context-dependent coping strategies. We described results based on the theory of interactionist perspectives of loneliness and drew policy implications from this. Participants drew interesting associations between loneliness, decreasing family/social networks, recent family ties structures, disability-associated ageing, and lack of social programs, and suggested context-dependent coping strategies to reduce loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Ugochi Ojembe
- a Centre for Research on Ageing , University of Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ebe Kalu
- b School of Rehabilitation Science , McMasters University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
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Kitzmüller G, Clancy A, Vaismoradi M, Wegener C, Bondas T. "Trapped in an Empty Waiting Room"-The Existential Human Core of Loneliness in Old Age: A Meta-Synthesis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:213-230. [PMID: 29235943 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317735079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness in old age has a negative influence on quality of life, health, and survival. To understand the phenomenon of loneliness in old age, the voices of lonely older adults should be heard. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-synthesis was to synthesize scientific studies of older adults' experiences of loneliness. Eleven qualitative articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and synthesized according to Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnographic approach. The analysis revealed the overriding meaning of the existential human core of loneliness in old age expressed through the metaphor "trapped in an empty waiting room." Four interwoven themes were found: (a) the negative emotions of loneliness, (b) the loss of meaningful interpersonal relationships, (c) the influence of loneliness on self-perception, and (d) the older adults' endeavors to deal with loneliness. The joint contribution of family members, health care providers, and volunteers is necessary to break the vicious circle of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Clancy
- 2 UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
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Kharicha K, Iliffe S, Manthorpe J, Chew‐Graham CA, Cattan M, Goodman C, Kirby‐Barr M, Whitehouse JH, Walters K. What do older people experiencing loneliness think about primary care or community based interventions to reduce loneliness? A qualitative study in England. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:1733-1742. [PMID: 28231615 PMCID: PMC5655770 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness in later life is a common problem with poor health outcomes. However, interventions to prevent or ameliorate loneliness have a weak evidence base. The views of older people experiencing or at risk of loneliness in the community are important in identifying features of potential support, but have been little studied. Twenty-eight community dwelling people, aged 65 and over who reported being 'lonely much of the time' or identified as lonely from the de Jong Gierveld six-item loneliness scale in a larger study, participated in in-depth interviews, between June 2013 and May 2014. Views and experiences on seeking support from primary care and community based one-to-one and group based activities, including social and shared interest groups, were explored. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted by a multidisciplinary team, including older people. Using two different measures of loneliness enabled a spectrum of loneliness experience to be explored. Two-thirds of the participants were the 'younger old' and all were able to leave their homes independently. Older people with characteristics of loneliness were generally knowledgeable about local social and community resources but, for the majority, community and primary care based services for their loneliness were not considered desirable or helpful at this point in their lives. However, group based activities with a shared interest were thought preferable to one-to-one support (befriending) or groups with a social focus. Descriptions of support as being for loneliness and specific to older people discouraged engagement. Older people experiencing or at risk of loneliness did not consider that primary care has a role in alleviating loneliness because it is not an illness. They thought primary care practitioners lack understanding of non-physical problems and that a good relationship was necessary to discuss sensitive issues like loneliness. For many, loneliness was a complex and private matter that they wished to manage without external support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa Kharicha
- Primary Care and Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Department of Primary Care & Population StudiesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Mima Cattan
- School of Health, Community and Education StudiesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Claire Goodman
- CRIPACCFaculty of Health and Human SciencesUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Kate Walters
- Primary Care and Population HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Emerging age asymmetries in the research relationship: challenges of exploring transition to the fourth age. AGEING & SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x17001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis article opens the discussion on age asymmetries within the research relationship between researchers who are young and able-bodied and research participants who are much older and have acquired impairments in later life. Based on the knowledge of age relations, we present our conceptualisation of power imbalances based on age. We see these asymmetries as co-existing with other forms of power imbalances between researchers and participants, and argue that these asymmetries are not the results of the limitations of the older adults but rather the consequences of different constellations of possibilities for researchers and participants. Moreover, we assert that taking these asymmetries into account is a necessary step when conducting research with people with acquired impairment in later life. As researchers, reflecting on age asymmetries helped us to avoid othering our research participants and prevented us from marginalising their life experiences. Drawing upon our own research, we reflect upon the network of cognitive, physical and social asymmetries that emerged in our research relationships and identify the main challenges that we faced. In the presence of some of these age asymmetries, we approach the research relationship through the roles which we played vis-à-vis the participants. We consider reflecting and addressing these asymmetries to be a necessary step in creating and maintaining a research relationship based on equality. Only a reflexive and transparent approach to these power imbalances can ensure that data collection and analysis do not contribute to their reproduction. This article presents some general insights on research practices and contributes to the debate on power imbalances in qualitative research. The article also contributes to gerontology and provides new insights about the lives of those individuals with acquired impairment in later life, a topic that has so far received inadequate research attention.
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Wong A, Chau AKC, Fang Y, Woo J. Illuminating the Psychological Experience of Elderly Loneliness from a Societal Perspective: A Qualitative Study of Alienation between Older People and Society. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070824. [PMID: 28754027 PMCID: PMC5551262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is a common experience among older people that is associated with health risks and negative well-being. As a psychological phenomenon, it has typically been defined in Western research literature as the discrepancy between desired and actual interpersonal relations. In our qualitative study in Hong Kong, we offer insight into ageing and loneliness in an urban environment of the non-Western world and propose to reconceptualise loneliness by exploring older people's experience of alienation at the societal level as an important but often neglected dimension of their loneliness. Thirty-seven community-dwelling, Chinese adults aged 65 and above were interviewed in focus groups and their accounts analysed and interpreted using a phenomenological approach. Findings revealed that focus group participants perceived insufficient care for older people, a growing distance between themselves and society, and their disintegrating identity in society to be primary sources of societal alienation. In response, older people adopted a more passive lifestyle, attributed marginalisation and inequality to old age, and developed negative feelings including unease towards ageing, vulnerability and helplessness, and anger. The emergence of these key components and underlying themes of societal alienation illuminated neglected facets of the psychological phenomenon of loneliness and highlighted new implications for policy, practice, and research from a societal perspective to address older people's loneliness in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wong
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anson K C Chau
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yang Fang
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jean Woo
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Pet ownership has been shown to improve quality of life for older adults. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare older pet owners and older non-pet owners and assess differences between groups. This study was conducted on adults over 50 years of age, who owned either one cat or one dog versus nonowners based on age, race, gender, and education. Matched older pet owners (OPO) versus non-pet owners (NPO) pairs (n = 84), older cat owners (OCO) versus non-cat owners (NCO) (n = 29), and older dog owners (ODO) versus non-dog owners (NDO) pairs (n = 55) were analyzed. No differences were found between OPO and NPO for dietary, activity, or lifestyle, except OPO had fewer health conditions [p < 0.03]. Total OCO had greater body mass indices [BMI] (μ = 29.6 ± 8.2) than ODO (μ = 23.2 ± 5.2) [p < 0.02], less activity [p < 0.02], and shorter duration of activity [p < 0.05] and took fewer supplements [p < 0.003]. OCO and NCO differed on health conditions (μ = 0.8 ± 0.9 versus μ = 1.9 ± 1.3, [p < 0.008]) and ODO versus NDO differed on BMI (μ = 25 ± 4 versus μ = 27 ± 6, [p < 0.04]). Although there are limitations to this study, data may be useful for targeting marketing and health messages to older persons.
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Mulry CM, Papetti C, De Martinis J, Ravinsky M. Facilitating Wellness in Urban-Dwelling, Low-Income Older Adults Through Community Mobility: A Mixed-Methods Study. Am J Occup Ther 2017; 71:7104190030p1-7104190030p7. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2017.025494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Community participation is integral to wellness. This study examined the outcomes of Let’s Go, a program designed to facilitate community participation of urban-dwelling, low-income older adults.
METHOD. Fifty-two older adults participated in a mixed-methods, single-group pretest–posttest study. The Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire, participant surveys, and semistructured interviews were used to evaluate self-reported participation in community-based occupations, confidence, isolation, frequency of community trips, autonomy outdoors, and satisfaction with social life and relationships.
RESULTS. Significant improvement was found in participation, confidence, frequency of community trips, autonomy outdoors, and satisfaction with social life and relationships at 4 wk and 6 mo. Qualitative themes were decreased isolation, importance of peer and community support, increased knowledge of mobility options, and a shift from fear to confidence.
CONCLUSION. Community mobility programming can facilitate the participation of marginalized older adults in community-based occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Mulry
- Claire M. Mulry, OTD, OTR, CAPS, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Kean University, Union, NJ;
| | - Christina Papetti
- Christina Papetti, MSOT, OTR, is Occupational Therapist, Union, NJ. At the time of the study, she was Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Kean University, Union, NJ
| | - Julian De Martinis
- Julian De Martinis, MSOT, OTR, is Occupational Therapist, Children’s Specialized Hospital, Mountainside, NJ. At the time of the study, he was Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Kean University, Union, NJ
| | - Mark Ravinsky
- Mark Ravinsky, MSOT, is Occupational Therapist, Union, NJ. At the time of the study, he was Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, Kean University, Union, NJ
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Tkatch R, Musich S, MacLeod S, Alsgaard K, Hawkins K, Yeh CS. Population Health Management for Older Adults: Review of Interventions for Promoting Successful Aging Across the Health Continuum. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2016; 2:2333721416667877. [PMID: 28680938 PMCID: PMC5486489 DOI: 10.1177/2333721416667877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The older adult population is expanding, living longer, with multiple chronic conditions. Understanding and managing their needs over time is an integral part of defining successful aging. Population health is used to describe the measurement and health outcomes of a population. Objectives: To define population health as applied to older adults, summarize lessons learned from current research, and identify potential interventions designed to promote successful aging and improved health for this population. Method: Online search engines were utilized to identify research on population health and health interventions for older adults. Results: Population health management (PHM) is one strategy to promote the health and well-being of target populations. Interventions promoting health across a continuum tend to be disease, risk, or health behavior specific rather than encompassing a global concept of health. Conclusion: Many existing interventions for older adults are simply research based with limited generalizability; as such, further work in this area is warranted.
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Taube E, Jakobsson U, Midlöv P, Kristensson J. Being in a Bubble: the experience of loneliness among frail older people. J Adv Nurs 2015; 72:631-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Taube
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ulf Jakobsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Patrik Midlöv
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Jimmie Kristensson
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Sweden
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van Steenbergen E, van Dongen JM, Wendel-Vos GCW, Hildebrandt VH, Strijk JE. Insights into the concept of vitality: associations with participation and societal costs. Eur J Public Health 2015; 26:354-9. [PMID: 26578664 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In healthcare, the focus is currently shifting from someone's disabilities to someone's abilities, which is also evident from the increasing focus on vitality. Vitality (here defined as energy, motivation and resilience) is an often used concept, which also aims at someone's capabilities. However, little is known about vitality yet; in particular about its association with participation and societal costs. METHODS Within a cross-sectional design, information regarding vitality, participation and societal costs was collected among 8015 Dutch adults aged 20 years and over. Vitality was measured using the validated Dutch Vitality Questionnaire (Vita-16). Information on economic (i.e. want/able to work, work absenteeism, work performance), societal (i.e. voluntary work, informal care giving) and social participation (i.e. quantity and quality of social contacts) and societal costs (i.e. healthcare and work-related costs) was collected using an internet survey. RESULTS Significant associations were found between vitality and various economic (i.e.sustainable employability:want to work: β = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99-1.43,able to work:β = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.79-2.38;work absenteeism: OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71-0.79;work performance:β = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.46-0.52), societal (i.e.voluntary work, informal care) and social (i.e.quantity and quality of social contacts) participation measures, as well as between vitality and societal costs (i.e.healthcare costs:β = -213.73, 95% CI: €-311.13 to €-107.08),absenteeism costs: β = -338.57, 95% CI: €-465.36 to €-214.14 and presenteeism costs:β = -1293.31, 95% CI: €-1492.69 to €-1088.95). CONCLUSION This study showed significant positive associations between vitality and economic, societal and social participation and negative associations between vitality and societal costs. This may stimulate research on interventions enhancing and maintaining vitality and thereby contributing to improved participation and reduced costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van Steenbergen
- 1 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J M van Dongen
- 2 Department of Health Sciences and EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G C W Wendel-Vos
- 3 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - V H Hildebrandt
- 1 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J E Strijk
- 1 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Expertise Center Life Style, Leiden, The Netherlands
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