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Ciuti S, Carella A, Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Barbon A, Di Valentin M. Insights into the phototautomerism of free-base 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00413-5. [PMID: 37038020 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Phototautomerism in the excited states of free-base 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H2TPPS4-) has been investigated combining, for the first time, advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) with fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Triplet EPR spectroscopy, performed in protic and deuterated solvents and in the presence of photoselection, confirms the occurrence of phototautomerization and additionally suggests the formation of the cis tautomer as a minor component. The zero-field splitting parameters and triplet sublevel populations indicate that the process is slow in the triplet state. The results obtained by EPR combined with photoselection and fluorescence anisotropy have been interpreted within a model which accounts for a fast trans-trans tautomerization promoted by a spin-vibronic coupling mechanism for intersystem crossing, with an even distribution of the two trans tautomers at liquid nitrogen temperatures for H2TPPS4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Barbon A, Dal Farra MG, Ciuti S, Albertini M, Bolzonello L, Orian L, Di Valentin M. Comprehensive investigation of the triplet state electronic structure of free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin by a combined advanced EPR and theoretical approach. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034201. [PMID: 31968969 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the photoexcited triplet state of free-base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS4-) has been investigated by advanced Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques combined with quantum chemical calculations. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters, D and E, the orientation of the transition dipole moment in the ZFS tensor frame, and the proton hyperfine couplings have been determined by magnetophotoselection-EPR and pulse electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. Both time-resolved and pulse experiments exploit the electron spin polarization of the photoexcited triplet state. Comparison of the magnetic observables with computational results, including CASSCF calculations of the ZFS interaction tensor, provides an accurate picture of the triplet-state electronic structure. The theoretical investigation has been integrated with a systematic analysis on the parent free-base porphyrin molecule to assess the effect of the sulfonatophenyl substituents on the magnetic tensors. Additionally, the magnetophotoselection effects are discussed in terms of tautomerization in the excited singlet state of H2TPPS4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Dal Farra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Susanna Ciuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Tautomerization in porphycenes, constitutional isomers of porphyrins, is strongly entangled with spectral and photophysical parameters. The intramolecular double hydrogen transfer occurring in the ground and electronically excited states leads to uncommon spectroscopic characteristics, such as depolarized emission, viscosity-dependent radiationless depopulation, and vibrational-mode-specific tunneling splittings. This review starts with documentation of the electronic spectra of porphycenes: Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism are discussed, together with their analysis based on the perimeter model. Next, photophysical characteristics are presented, setting the stage for the final part, which discusses the developments in research on tautomerism. Porphycenes have been studied in different experimental regimes: molecules in condensed phases, isolated in supersonic jets and helium nanodroplets, and, recently also on the level of single molecules investigated by optical and scanning probe microscopies. Because of the rich and detailed information obtained from these diverse investigations, porphycenes emerge as very good models for studying the complex, multidimensional phenomena involved in the process of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw, Kasprzaka 44/52, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University , Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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Ciąćka P, Fita P, Listkowski A, Kijak M, Nonell S, Kuzuhara D, Yamada H, Radzewicz C, Waluk J. Tautomerism in Porphycenes: Analysis of Rate-Affecting Factors. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2292-301. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ciąćka
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Fita
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kijak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Santi Nonell
- Molecular
Engineering Group, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate
School of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Material Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Czesław Radzewicz
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
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Di Valentin M, Salvadori E, Barone V, Carbonera D. Unravelling electronic and structural requisites of triplet–triplet energy transfer by advanced electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.807368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fita P, Pszona M, Orzanowska G, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Vauthey E, Waluk J. Tautomerization in 2,7,12,17-Tetraphenylporphycene and 9-Amino-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene: Influence of Asymmetry on the Direction of the Transition Moment. Chemistry 2012; 18:13160-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Czerski I, Listkowski A, Nawrocki J, Urbańska N, Piwoński H, Sokołowski A, Pietraszkiewicz O, Pietraszkiewicz M, Waluk J. The long and winding road to new porphycenes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe attempts — not always successful — made over the years to improve the efficiency of porphycene synthesis and to produce novel compounds, custom-designed for specific purposes. New porphycenes are reported, some of them obtained rather unexpectedly as by-products of the planned reactions. Structure and energy computations of possible tautomeric forms in porphycenes substituted by one, two, three, and four tert-butyl groups lead to predictions regarding the kinetics and mechanisms of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer. The occurrence of tautomerization in single molecules of tert-butylsubstituted porphycenes is demonstrated by using fluorescence polarization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Czerski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Listkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
| | - Jan Nawrocki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Natalia Urbańska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Hubert Piwoński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Adam Sokołowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, Warsaw 01-815, Poland
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Pulse ENDOR and density functional theory on the peridinin triplet state involved in the photo-protective mechanism in the peridinin–chlorophyll a–protein from Amphidinium carterae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:295-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Loboda O, Tunell I, Minaev B, Ågren H. Theoretical study of triplet state properties of free-base porphin. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kay CWM, Conti F, Fuhs M, Plato M, Weber S, Bordignon E, Carbonera D, Robinson BC, Renner MW, Fajer J. Magnetic Resonance Studies and Molecular Orbital Calculations on the Doublet and Triplet States of Bacteriopurpurin: a Potential Second-Generation Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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