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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor - 794 CATT 5-8 microsatellite polymorphism and susceptibility of tuberculosis. Infection 2021; 49:457-461. [PMID: 33385298 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genetic determinants associated with tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge, considering the divergent frequencies among populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 polymorphism and susceptibility to TB. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years, with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years. MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were genotyped using sequencing of PCR and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS 126 patients and 119 controls were included. The genotype 5/5 was more frequent among cases (15.1%) than in controls (5.9%) (p = 0.019). Cases had more frequently the allele 5 (29.4%) as compared with controls (19.3%) (p = 0.010). Prevalence of 7/X + 8/X genotypes was not different between cases and controls (p = 0.821). There was no difference between patients with alleles 7 and 8 and those with alleles 5 and 6 (p = 0.608). CONCLUSIONS The genotype 5/5 and the allele 5 of MIF - 794 CATT 5-8 were more frequent among TB patients than in controls.
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Gehlen M, Costa ERD, Rossetti MLR, Silva DR. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism and its association with active pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234565. [PMID: 32525926 PMCID: PMC7289423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The establishment of candidate genes associated with susceptibility to TB is a challenge especially due to divergent frequencies among different populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to pulmonary TB in a population of southern Brazil. METHODS Case-control study. Patients > 18 years old, diagnosed with pulmonary TB were included. The control group consisted of blood donors and household contacts, not relatives, healthy and > 18 years old. MIF -173 G>C SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. RESULTS 174 patients and 166 controls were included. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls regarding genotype prevalence (p>0.05). Comparing patients with normal genotype (GG) with those with at least one C allele, there was also no statistically significant difference (p = 0.135). Also, there was no statistically significant difference comparing the homozygous for the mutation (CC) with the other patients (GG and CG) (p = 0.864). CONCLUSIONS We did not find association between MIF -173 G>C polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elis Regina Dalla Costa
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/SES), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada a Saúde (Biosaude), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Rossato Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Cai L, Li Z, Guan X, Cai K, Wang L, Liu J, Tong Y. The Research Progress of Host Genes and Tuberculosis Susceptibility. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9273056. [PMID: 31485302 PMCID: PMC6710736 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9273056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nucleotide diversity may affect the immune regulation of tuberculosis (TB) patients, leading to the individual susceptibility to TB. In recent years, there are a lot of researches on the association of host genetic factors and TB susceptibility which has attracted increasing attention, and the in-depth study of its mechanism is gradually clear. MATERIALS We made a minireview on the association of many candidate genes with TB based on recent research studies systematically, such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, the solute carrier family 11 member 1 (SLC11A1) gene system, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) gene, the nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A) gene, the speckled 110 (SP110) gene, and the P2X7 receptor (P2X7) gene. The discovery of these candidate genes could reveal the pathogenesis of TB comprehensively and is crucial to provide scientific evidence for formulating the related measures of prevention and cure. DISCUSSION The host genes play important roles in the development of TB, and the host genes may become new targets for the prevention and treatment of TB. Effective regulation of host genes may help prevent or even treat TB. CONCLUSION This minireview focuses on the association of host genes with the development of TB, which may supply some clues for future therapies and novel drug targets for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430015, China
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhan Li
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, China
| | - Jiafa Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, China
| | - Yeqing Tong
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 430079, China
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
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C-type lectin receptors in tuberculosis: what we know. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:513-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Aketi L, Kashongwe Z, Kinsiona C, Fueza SB, Kokolomami J, Bolie G, Lumbala P, Diayisu JS. Childhood Tuberculosis in a Sub-Saharan Tertiary Facility: Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153914. [PMID: 27101146 PMCID: PMC4839557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a diagnostic challenge in developing countries, and patient outcome can be influenced by certain factors. We report the disease course, clinical profile and factors associated with treatment outcome in a tertiary facility of Kinshasa. Documentary and analytical studies were conducted using clinical and exploratory data for children aged up to 15 years who were admitted to the University Clinics of Kinshasa for TB. Data are presented as frequencies and averages, and binary and logistic regression analyses were performed. Of 283 children with TB, 82 (29.0%) had smear-negative TB, 40 (14.1%) had smear-positive TB, 159 (56.1%) had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), 2 (0.7%) had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 167 (59.0%) completed treatment, 30 (10.6%) were cured, 7 (2.5%) failed treatment, 4 (1.4%) died, 55 (19.4%) were transferred to health centers nearest their home, and 20 (7.0%) were defaulters. In the binary analysis, reported TB contacts (p = 0.048), type of TB (p = 0.000), HIV status (p = 0.050), Ziehl-Nielsen test result (p = 0.000), Lowenstein culture (p = 0.004) and chest X-ray (p = 0.057) were associated with outcome. In the logistic regression, none of these factors was a significant predictor of outcome. Tertiary level care facilities must improve the diagnosis and care of patients with childhood TB, which justifies the development of alternative diagnostic techniques and the assessment of other factors that potentially affect outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Aketi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- * E-mail:
| | - Zacharie Kashongwe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Christian Kinsiona
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Serge Bisuta Fueza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- National Tuberculosis Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jack Kokolomami
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Public Health School at the University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Grace Bolie
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Paul Lumbala
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Joseph Shiku Diayisu
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Kuai SG, Ou QF, You DH, Shang ZB, Wang J, Liu J, Zhou XK, Pei H, Huang LH. Functional polymorphisms in the gene encoding macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 48:222-8. [PMID: 26542751 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1107188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) was assessed in tuberculosis. This case-control study investigated whether commonly occurring functional MIF polymorphisms are associated with active tuberculosis as well as with serum levels of MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α. METHODS Two MIF promoter polymorphisms, a functional -794 CATT5-8 microsatellite repeat (rs5844572) and a -173G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622), were analysed by PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively, in 47 patients and 50 healthy subjects. The mRNA level of MIF was performed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS A significant increase of MIF mRNA expression and MIF protein level were found in patients compared to healthy controls. Meanwhile, the increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels were confirmed. According to the profile of genetic model, a significant association was found of genotypes carrying the -794 CATT 7 or 8 and -173 C risk alleles with susceptibility to active tuberculosis and with a significant increase of MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested a distinct genetic and immunopathogenic basis for tuberculosis at the MIF locus. Serum MIF, IFN-γ and TNF-α profiles distinguish tuberculosis from the more inflammatory phenotype and may play a role in pathogenesis and as biomarkers of active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Gang Kuai
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Qin-Fang Ou
- b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - De-Hong You
- c Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Eighth People's Hospital , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Zhong-Bo Shang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Xi-Ke Zhou
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Hao Pei
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- b Department of Respiratory Medicine , Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
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Xu DD, Wang C, Jiang F, Wei LL, Shi LY, Yu XM, Liu CM, Liu XH, Feng XM, Ping ZP, Jiang TT, Chen ZL, Li ZJ, Li JC. Association of the FCN2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138356. [PMID: 26379154 PMCID: PMC4574923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolin-2 (FCN2) is an innate immune pattern recognition molecule that can activate the complement pathway, opsonophagocytosis, and elimination of the pathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the FCN2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A total of seven SNPs in exon 8 (+6359 C>T and +6424 G>T) and in the promoter region (-986 G>A, -602 G>A, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and -4 A>G) of the FCN2 gene were genotyped using the PCR amplification and DNA sequencing methods in the healthy controls group (n = 254) and the pulmonary TB group (n = 282). The correlation between SNPs and pulmonary TB was analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic frequencies of seven SNPs between the pulmonary TB group and the healthy controls group. However, the frequency of the variant homozygous genotype (P = 0.037, -557 A>G; P = 0.038, -64 A>C; P = 0.024, +6424 G>T) in the TB group was significantly lower than the control group. After adjustment for age and gender, these variant homozygous genotypes were found to be recessive models in association with pulmonary TB. In addition, -64 A>C (P = 0.047) and +6424 G>T (P = 0.03) were found to be codominant models in association with pulmonary TB. There was strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.80, P < 0.0001) between 7 SNPs except the -602 G>A site. Therefore, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and +6424 G>T SNPs of the FCN2 gene were correlated with pulmonary TB, and may be protective factors for TB. This study provides a novel idea for the prevention and control of TB transmission from a genetics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Liu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Min Feng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Peng Ping
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Wu L, Deng H, Zheng Y, Mansjö M, Zheng X, Hu Y, Xu B. An association study of NRAMP1, VDR, MBL and their interaction with the susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Chinese population. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 38:129-35. [PMID: 26261060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), mannose-binding lectin (MBL), vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and their interaction with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in PTB (n=151), age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HCs) (n=453). Genetic polymorphisms of NRAMP1 (INT4, D543NA and 3'UTR), MBL (HL, PQ, XY and AB) and VDR (FokI and Taq) were analyzed by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR- single- strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) techniques. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was carried out to assess the effects of the interaction between SNPs. RESULTS The distribution of NRAMP1- 3'UTR (TGTG/del), MBL- HL (H/L) and FokI (F/f) were significantly different between PTB patients and HCs (p<0.05). HPYA (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.22-2.91), LPXA (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.69- 5.96), LQYA (OR: 3.52; 95%CI: 1.50-8.23) and LPYB (OR: 12.37; 95%CI: 3.75- 40.85) of MBL were risk haplotypes for PTB. The TGTG- H- f (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.10-2.62) and del- H-f (OR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.45-8.37) of 3'UTR- HL- FokI were also high-risk haplotypes associated with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that genotypes of many polymorphic genes are associated with TB, it is necessary to further explore the mechanism of genotypes and gene-gene interaction in susceptibility to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yihui Zheng
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mikael Mansjö
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden (former Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control), Solna, Sweden
| | - Xubin Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Chang JJ, Strauss JF, Deshazo JP, Rigby FB, Chelmow DP, Macones GA. Reassessing the impact of smoking on preeclampsia/eclampsia: are there age and racial differences? PLoS One 2014; 9:e106446. [PMID: 25337852 PMCID: PMC4206265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between cigarette use during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia/eclampsia (PIH) by maternal race/ethnicity and age. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was based on the U.S. 2010 natality data. Our study sample included U.S. women who delivered singleton pregnancies between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation without major fetal anomalies in 2010 (n = 3,113,164). Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We observed that the association between maternal smoking and PIH varied by maternal race/ethnicity and age. Compared with non-smokers, reduced odds of PIH among pregnant smokers was only evident for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic American Indian women aged less than 35 years. Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander women who smoked during pregnancy had increased odds of PIH regardless of maternal age. Non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black women 35 years or older who smoked during pregnancy also had increased odds of PIH. CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest important differences by maternal race/ethnicity and age in the association between cigarette use during pregnancy and PIH. More research is needed to establish the biologic and social mechanisms that might explain the variations with maternal age and race/ethnicity that were observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Jen Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jerome F. Strauss
- VCU Medical Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jon P. Deshazo
- Department of Health Administration, School of Allied Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fidelma B. Rigby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David P. Chelmow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - George A. Macones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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11
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Shi J, Xie M, Wang JM, Xu YJ, Xiong WN, Liu XS. Mannose-binding lectin two gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:166-171. [PMID: 23592124 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been done to explore the association between mannose-binding lectin two (MBL2) gene polymorphisms and the risk of tuberculosis (TB). However, the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene were associated with TB risk. Databases including PubMed, Medline, Chinese Biomedicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database were searched to find relevant articles published up to 2 October, 2012. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the strength of association. All statistical tests were performed by using Revman 5.1 software and STATA 11.0 software. Six case-control studies including 1106 cases and 1190 controls were accepted in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that individuals carrying the MBL2 codon 54 B allele may have an increased risk of TB as compared with AA homozygotes (BB+AB vs. AA: OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.22-1.88), whereas MBL2 +4 P/Q was possibly not associated with TB susceptibility in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Miao Wang
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong-Jian Xu
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei-Ning Xiong
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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12
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Li Y, Zeng Z, Deng S. Study of the relationship between human MIF level, MIF-794CATT5-8 microsatellite polymorphism, and susceptibility of tuberculosis in Southwest China. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 16:383-6. [PMID: 22846129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the human migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level in tuberculosis (TB) patients, and the relationship between MIF-794CATT microsatellite polymorphism and susceptibility of TB in Southwest China. METHODS TB patients (n=151) and healthy unrelated controls (n=149) were recruited for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted, and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MIF-794CATT(5-8) microsatellite polymorphism was genotyped by DNA sequencing. MIF level was detected by ELISA. RESULTS In the TB group, the repeat number of 7/7 and 7/8 (17.89%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.05%), and the serum MIF level was also much higher than that of the healthy controls (705.21 ± 67.98 vs. 355.31 ± 57.29 pg/mL, p<0.01). CONCLUSION The appearance of MIF-794CATT 7/7 and 7/8 is associated with susceptibility to TB, and may play an important role in the occurrence and development of TB in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, China
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da Cruz HLA, da Silva RC, Segat L, de Carvalho MSZDMG, Brandão LAC, Guimarães RL, Santos FCF, de Lira LAS, Montenegro LML, Schindler HC, Crovella S. MBL2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in a northeastern Brazilian population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:323-9. [PMID: 23524205 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the first line of host defense against pathogens. Genetics factors regulating the immune responses play a role in the susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). We analyzed MBL2 promoter and exon 1 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a group of 155TB patients and 148 healthy controls in order to evaluate their influence on the onset of infection and TB development. There was no association between MBL2 -550 HL promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop TB, but heterozygous -221 Y/X genotype was significantly more frequent in pulmonary TB patients than controls. Moreover, MBL2 exon 1 O allele, was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB development in general (p=0.023, OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.05-2.49) and pulmonary TB (p=0.0008, OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.35-3.46); C allele at codon 57, as well as A/C genotype, were significantly more frequent in TB patients than in controls. Our results indicate that MBL2 polymorphisms, especially at codon 57, could be considered as risk factors for TB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Lacerda Alves da Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center-CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n°, CEP 50.670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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14
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Mannose-binding lectin promoter polymorphisms and gene variants in pulmonary tuberculosis patients from cantabria (northern Spain). Pulm Med 2012; 2012:469128. [PMID: 23304495 PMCID: PMC3529500 DOI: 10.1155/2012/469128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin is a central molecule of the innate immune system. Mannose-binding lectin 2 promoter polymorphisms and structural variants have been associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. However, contradictory results among different populations have been reported, resulting in no convincing evidence of association between mannose-binding lectin 2 and susceptibility to tuberculosis. For this reason, we conducted a study in a well genetically conserved Spanish population in order to shed light on this controversial association. We analysed the six promoter and structural mannose-binding lectin 2 gene variants in 107 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 441 healthy controls. Only D variant and HYPD haplotype were significantly more frequents in controls which would indicate that this allele could confer protection against pulmonary tuberculosis, but this difference disappeared after statistical correction. Neither the rest of alleles nor the haplotypes were significantly associated with the disease. These results would indicate that mannose-binding lectin promoter polymorphisms and gene variants would not be associated with an increased risk to pulmonary tuberculosis. Despite the slight trend of the D allele and HYPD haplotype in conferring protection against pulmonary tuberculosis, susceptibility to this disease would probably be due to other genetic factors, at least in our population.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause worldwide of human mortality attributable to a single infectious agent. Recent studies targeting candidate genes and "case-control" association have revealed numerous polymorphisms implicated in host susceptibility to TB. Here, we review current progress in the understanding of causative polymorphisms in host innate immune genes associated with TB pathogenesis. We discuss genes encoding several types of proteins: macrophage receptors, such as the mannose receptor (MR, CD206), dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, CD209), Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18), nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and NOD2, CD14, P2X7, and the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR); soluble C-type lectins, such as surfactant protein-A (SP-A), SP-D, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL); phagocyte cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18; chemokines, such as IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES, and CXCL10; and other important innate immune molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and solute carrier protein 11A1 (SLC11A1). Polymorphisms in these genes have been variably associated with susceptibility to TB among different populations. This apparent variability is probably accounted for by evolutionary selection pressure as a result of long-term host-pathogen interactions in certain regions or populations and, in part, by lack of proper study design and limited knowledge of molecular and functional effects of the implicated genetic variants. Finally, we discuss genomic technologies that hold promise for resolving questions regarding the evolutionary paths of the human genome, functional effects of polymorphisms, and corollary impacts of adaptation on human health, ultimately leading to novel approaches to controlling TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K. Azad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Program in Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
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Li Y, Yuan T, Lu W, Chen M, Cheng X, Deng S. Association of tuberculosis and polymorphisms in the promoter region of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in a Southwestern China Han population. Cytokine 2012; 60:64-7. [PMID: 22742858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune diseases. High levels of MIF have been detected in the sera of patients with tuberculosis (TB), and it has been proposed that MIF gene polymorphisms may influence the risk of developing TB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between functional polymorphisms of MIF and TB in a Han population from Southwestern China. TB patients (n=215) and healthy unrelated controls (n=245) were recruited for this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from all the participants. The MIF-173 G/C SNP was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The MIF-794 CATT(5-8) microsatellite was evaluated by direct sequencing of the subsequent PCR products. Association analysis of the two polymorphisms showed that the frequency of -173 (GC+CC) in TB patients and controls was 49.3% and 31.4%, respectively, which was statistically significant (OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.45-3.10, P<0.001); the frequencies of -794 (7/X+8/X) were 56.7% and 45.3%, respectively, also statistically significant between the TB and healthy controls (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.10-2.29, P=0.015). In summary, Genetic variation in the MIF gene is closely associated with tuberculosis. Both the 173 (GC+CC) SNP and -794 (7/X+8/X) microsatellite increased the risk of Chinese Han developing TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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17
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Singla N, Gupta D, Joshi A, Batra N, Singh J, Birbian N. Association of mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism with tuberculosis susceptibility and sputum conversion time. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 39:10-4. [PMID: 22050925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2011.01047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in innate immunity. The effect of low MBL levels producing variants of MBL2 gene on tuberculosis (TB) has been controversial with some studies reporting it to confer protection against the disease, whereas others estimating a susceptibility relation. Other than conducting a case-control study to evaluate the role of MBL A/B polymorphism on TB, we conducted a longitudinal study to check whether this MBL variant can influence the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A total of 357 TB patients (286 pulmonary TB, 71 extrapulmonary (EP) TB) and 392 healthy controls belonging to same ethnicity were included in the study. We found the mutant allele 'B' allele confers a protective role against TB in our study population. This effect was absent in EP patients. On stratification on the basis of sex, the protective role of the 'B' allele was found to be limited to females only and males reported no significant difference. No effect of MBL A/B polymorphism on sputum conversion time was reported. We conclude that MBL 'B' allele is associated with protection against TB, but no influence was found on sputum conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singla
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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18
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Thye T, Niemann S, Walter K, Homolka S, Intemann CD, Chinbuah MA, Enimil A, Gyapong J, Osei I, Owusu-Dabo E, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Horstmann RD, Ehlers S, Meyer CG. Variant G57E of mannose binding lectin associated with protection against tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium africanum but not by M. tuberculosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20908. [PMID: 21695215 PMCID: PMC3112207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants of the Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) cause quantitative and qualitative functional deficiencies, which are associated with various patterns of susceptibility to infectious diseases and other disorders. We determined genetic MBL variants in 2010 Ghanaian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 2346 controls and characterized the mycobacterial isolates of the patients. Assuming a recessive mode of inheritance, we found a protective association between TB and the MBL2 G57E variant (odds ratio 0.60, confidence interval 0.4–0.9, P 0.008) and the corresponding LYQC haplotype (Pcorrected 0.007) which applied, however, only to TB caused by M. africanum but not to TB caused by M. tuberculosis. In vitro, M. africanum isolates bound recombinant human MBL more efficiently than did isolates of M. tuberculosis. We conclude that MBL binding may facilitate the uptake of M. africanum by macrophages, thereby promoting infection and that selection by TB may have favoured the spread of functional MBL deficiencies in regions endemic for M. africanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Thye
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Sheng A, Lan J, Wu H, Lu J, Wang Y, Chu Q, Jia Z, Song M, Liu L, Wang W. A clinical case-control study on the association between mannose-binding lectin and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection among northern Han Chinese population. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 37:445-54. [PMID: 20618520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key molecule of the innate immune system and a competent to bind carbohydrates of a variety of microorganisms, resulting in complement activation and opsonophagocytosis against various pathogens. However, there is no systemic investigation on the MBL's role in innate immune responses against HIV-1 infection among northern Han Chinese. This study investigated the association between MBL and HIV-1 infection susceptibility among northern Han Chinese. A total of 91 HIV-1 infected patients and 91 HIV-1 seronegative healthy individuals were recruited. Six polymorphisms of MBL2 gene were genotyped by pyrosequencing. The quantitative measurement of serum MBL concentration and MBL complex activity were performed by ELISA. The CD4+ T-cell counts were determined by flow cytometry. The plasma viral loads of 91 HIV-1 infected patients were determined by bDNA method. The results show that there is an association between MBL and HIV-1 infection susceptibility among northern Han Chinese. The individuals with B variant, low serum MBL concentration and low MBL complex activity are more susceptible to HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheng
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Infections of people with complement deficiencies and patients who have undergone splenectomy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:740-80. [PMID: 20930072 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00048-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system comprises several fluid-phase and membrane-associated proteins. Under physiological conditions, activation of the fluid-phase components of complement is maintained under tight control and complement activation occurs primarily on surfaces recognized as "nonself" in an attempt to minimize damage to bystander host cells. Membrane complement components act to limit complement activation on host cells or to facilitate uptake of antigens or microbes "tagged" with complement fragments. While this review focuses on the role of complement in infectious diseases, work over the past couple of decades has defined several important functions of complement distinct from that of combating infections. Activation of complement in the fluid phase can occur through the classical, lectin, or alternative pathway. Deficiencies of components of the classical pathway lead to the development of autoimmune disorders and predispose individuals to recurrent respiratory infections and infections caused by encapsulated organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. While no individual with complete mannan-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency has been identified, low MBL levels have been linked to predisposition to, or severity of, several diseases. It appears that MBL may play an important role in children, who have a relatively immature adaptive immune response. C3 is the point at which all complement pathways converge, and complete deficiency of C3 invariably leads to severe infections, including those caused by meningococci and pneumococci. Deficiencies of the alternative and terminal complement pathways result in an almost exclusive predisposition to invasive meningococcal disease. The spleen plays an important role in antigen processing and the production of antibodies. Splenic macrophages are critical in clearing opsonized encapsulated bacteria (such as pneumococci, meningococci, and Escherichia coli) and intraerythrocytic parasites such as those causing malaria and babesiosis, which explains the fulminant nature of these infections in persons with anatomic or functional asplenia. Paramount to the management of patients with complement deficiencies and asplenia is educating patients about their predisposition to infection and the importance of preventive immunizations and seeking prompt medical attention.
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21
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Denholm JT, McBryde ES, Eisen DP. Mannose-binding lectin and susceptibility to tuberculosis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:84-90. [PMID: 20636396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels may impact upon host susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) infection; however, evidence to date has been conflicting. We performed a literature review and meta-analysis of 17 human trials considering the effect of MBL2 genotype and/or MBL levels and TB infection. No significant association was demonstrated between MBL2 genotype and pulmonary TB infection. However, the majority of studies did not report MBL2 haplotype inclusive of promoter polymorphisms. Serum MBL levels were shown to be consistently elevated in the setting of TB infection. While this may indicate that high MBL levels protect against infection with TB, the increase was also of a degree consistent with the acute-phase reaction. This analysis suggests that the relatively poorly characterized MBL2 genotypes reported are not associated significantly with susceptibility to pulmonary TB infection, but high MBL serum levels may be.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Denholm
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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22
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Grasso DL, Segat L, Zocconi E, Radillo O, Trevisiol C, Crovella S. MBL expression in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73:1550-3. [PMID: 19716183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated mannose binding lectin (MBL) protein production and histological localization, MBL2 gene expression and genotypes distribution in patients characterized by recurrent tonsillitis, with the aim of verifying the innate immune response to the infection and inflammation occurring in the tonsils. METHODS MBL2 exon 1 and promoter polymorphims were detected by PCR amplification and subsequent direct sequencing of the amplicons. Monoclonal antibodies to MBL were used on frozen sections of tonsils for the immunohistochemical localization of MBL protein. MBL Oligomer ELISA kit was used to quantify the level of MBL in the serum of the 30 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Quantitative RT PCR for the evaluation of MBL2 expression of MBL high producers (HP), low producers (LP) and deficient producers (DP) was performed using the Hs00175093 gene-expression Assay on Demand. RESULTS The distribution of the MBL2 combined genotypes was as follows: 21 HP (70%; 15 HYA/HYA, 6 HYA/LXA), 6 LP (20%; 5 HYA/0, 1 LXA/LXA) and 3 DP (10%, all 0/0). MBL levels were directly correlated to the MBL2 combined genotypes: HP patients showed higher mean MBL concentration of 4044 ng/mL, LP patients were characterized by a mean of 905 ng/mL whereas those with DP combined genotype presented extremely low levels of MBL (mean value of 74 ng/mL) (p=0.0005). Immunohistochemistry performed on tonsils sections demonstrated that MBL was widely distributed throughout the surface of the basal lamina of all the 21 HP subjects. MBL was undetectable in situ in both LP and DP patients. MBL2 expression, although at very low levels, was found for the HP group, the LP and the DP group as well. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the genotype-phenotype correlation of MBL2 gene exon 1 and promoter polymorphisms with the quantitative production of serum MBL, we reported a very low MBL2 expression at local level in tonsils and we determined the in situ localization of MBL in the basal lamina of the tonsils of patients who underwent to tonsillectomy. Our findings suggest an important role of MBL protein in the innate immune response of the tonsil to pathogens, as in recurrent infection and inflammation.
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23
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Serpa JA, Teeter LD, Musser JM, Graviss EA. Tuberculosis disparity between US-born blacks and whites, Houston, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:899-904. [PMID: 19523288 PMCID: PMC2727328 DOI: 10.3201/eid1506.081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusually high proportion of cases in Houston are caused by active transmission of endemic strains among US-born non-Hispanic blacks. Tuberculosis (TB) rates in the United States are disproportionately high for certain ethnic minorities. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we compared data for 1,318 US-born blacks with 565 US-born non-Hispanic whites who participated in the Houston TB Initiative (1995–2004). All available Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates underwent susceptibility and genotype testing (insertion sequence 6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism, spoligotyping, and genetic grouping). TB in blacks was associated with younger age, inner city residence, HIV seropositivity, and drug resistance. TB cases clustered in 82% and 77% of blacks and whites, respectively (p = 0.46). Three clusters had >100 patients each, including 1 cluster with a predominance of blacks. Size of TB clusters was unexpectedly large, underscoring the ongoing transmission of TB in Houston, particularly among blacks.
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24
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Möller M, de Wit E, Hoal EG. Past, present and future directions in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:3-26. [PMID: 19780822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The historical impression that tuberculosis was an inherited disorder has come full circle and substantial evidence now exists of the human genetic contribution to susceptibility to tuberculosis. This evidence has come from several whole-genome linkage scans, and numerous case-control association studies where the candidate genes were derived from the genome screens, animal models and hypotheses pertaining to the disease pathways. Although many of the associated genes have not been validated in all studies, the list of those that have been is growing, and includes NRAMP1, IFNG, NOS2A, MBL, VDR and some TLR. Certain of these genes have consistently been associated with tuberculosis in diverse populations. The future investigation of susceptibility to tuberculosis is almost certain to include genome-wide association studies, admixture mapping and the search for rare variants and epigenetic mechanisms. The genetic identification of more vulnerable individuals is expected to inform personalized treatment and perhaps vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and the DST/NRF Centre for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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25
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Low levels of mannose-binding lectin confers protection against tuberculosis in Turkish children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:1165-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Wang X, Ohtsuka Y, Kimura K, Kaji H, Saito J, Tanino Y, Ishida T, Munakata M. Mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms and the development of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Japan. Am J Ind Med 2008; 51:548-53. [PMID: 18496832 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection, immunity and genetic factors play roles in the development of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). We investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), one of the key molecules of innate immunity, is associated with the susceptibility to CWP. METHOD MBL2 polymorphisms (codon54, promoter -221, and -550) were assessed for 197 patients with CWP (119 with nodular CWP and 78 with PMF) and 153 unexposed regional controls. Serum MBL concentrations were measured in 119 CWP patients. RESULTS Three polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium for all study populations. The MBL2 genotype and haplotypes were associated with lower serum MBL levels. The frequency of such MBL2 genotype and haplotypes were significantly higher in patients with CWP compared to controls, whereas these distributions were not different between patients with nodular CWP and those with PMF. CONCLUSION MBL2 polymorphisms and haplotypes may be one of the genetic determinants for the susceptibility of CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a leading cause of death in low-income and middle-income countries, especially those of sub-Saharan Africa where tuberculosis is an epidemic because of the increased susceptibility conferred by HIV infection. The effectiveness of the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine is partial, and that of treatment of latent tuberculosis is unclear in high-incidence settings. The routine diagnostic methods that are used in many parts of the world are still very similar to those used 100 years ago. Multidrug treatment, within the context of structured, directly observed therapy, is a cost-effective control strategy. Nevertheless, the duration of treatment needed reduces its effectiveness, as does the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant disease; the latter has recently become widespread. The rapid expansion of basic, clinical, and operational research, in addition to increasing knowledge of tuberculosis, is providing new diagnostic, treatment, and preventive measures. The challenge is to apply these advances to the populations most at risk. The development of a comprehensive worldwide plan to stop tuberculosis might facilitate this process by coordinating the work of health agencies. However, massive effort, political will, and resources are needed for this plan to succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa.
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28
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Takahashi K, Ezekowitz RAB. The role of the mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 41 Suppl 7:S440-4. [PMID: 16237644 DOI: 10.1086/431987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system, which includes mannose-binding lectin (MBL), recognizes a broad range of molecular patterns on a broad range of infectious agents and is able to distinguish them from self. MBL is a liver-derived serum protein and is secreted into the serum, where it can activate an immune response before the induction of antigen-specific immunity. Circumstantial evidence in human populations suggests that low serum levels of MBL predispose to infection. To analyze the role of MBL in vivo, we created MBL-null mice and challenged these mice with infection under various conditions. Our results suggest that MBL plays an important role as a first-line host defense against certain infectious agents. In addition, it is likely that MBL is a key regulator of inflammation beyond expected roles in the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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29
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Grasso DL, Guerci VI, Zocconi E, Milanese M, Segat L, Crovella S. MBL2 genetic polymorphisms in Italian children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71:1013-6. [PMID: 17482281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of the polymorphisms in the first exon of MBL2 gene in the susceptibility to recurrent tonsillitis in a selected group of Italian children and healthy controls. Significant difference has been observed in MBL2 genotype and allelic frequencies between children with recurrent tonsillitis and healthy controls matched for sex and age. Children characterized by a "low MBL" producer genotype, namely 00, are more prone to recurrent tonsillitis when compared to the healthy controls. To our knowledge this is the first report on the role of MBL2 polymorphisms in adenotonsillar hypertrophy and our results shown that presence of MBL2 00 genotype could be used as a prognostic marker in subjects with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Leonardo Grasso
- ENT Department, IRCCS Burlo-Garofolo Children Hospital, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
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30
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Association of polymorphisms in the first exon of mannose binding lectin gene (MBL2) in Brazilian patients with HCV infection. Clin Immunol 2007; 124:13-7. [PMID: 17513174 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In our study we investigated the role of the polymorphisms in the first exon of MBL2 gene in the susceptibility to HCV infection and disease progression in a Northeastern Brazilian population. One hundred and eleven patients seen at the Gastroenterology Service of the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital of the University of Pernambuco were included in this study. A total of 165 unexposed, uninfected individuals matched for place of origin were employed as healthy controls. MBL2 genotyping was performed by using a melting temperature assay. The 0 allele was significantly more frequent in the HCV positive group than the healthy controls (34% vs. 20%, p<0.01, respectively) and was associated to an increased risk of HCV-1 infection (O.R.=2.1; C.I. 1.41-3.19). Also genotypes frequencies were significantly different in HCV positive subjects when compared to healthy controls with the 00 and A0 genotypes being significantly overrepresented in HCV infected subject (15% and 37%, respectively) as compared to healthy subjects (6% and 27%, respectively, p<0.01 ) Allele and genotypes frequencies were also evaluated in HCV infected subjects according to their response to pegylated-INFalpha/riboviron therapy. There was a trend for HCV positive responders vs. non-responders to be 0 allele positive and a similar trend was observed for the MBL2 A0 and 00 genotypes, but neither of these reached statistical significance. Our findings indicate that MBL might represent an important antiviral molecule having a protective role in the first stages of HCV infection, as shown by the increased frequency of wild-type alleles in control population as compared to the infected group.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to kill more than 2 million people globally each year. Annual TB case notification rates have risen up to fourfold since the mid-1980s, with the highest rate of 1000/100,000 around Cape Town, South Africa. There is an urgent need for novel diagnostic methods and preventive vaccines to control this epidemic. The rising incidence of TB has been attributed to HIV co-infection especially in developing countries. The threat of drug resistance arising from ineffective TB treatment programmes is looming and could potentially lead to loss of any gains made in controlling the disease globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Meya
- Infectious Disease Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Kaur S, Gupta VK, Thiel S, Sarma PU, Madan T. Protective role of mannan-binding lectin in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 148:382-9. [PMID: 17335555 PMCID: PMC1868875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune molecules such as lung collectins and serum pentraxins have evolved as important host defence proteins against Aspergillus fumigatus, a medically important opportunistic fungal pathogen. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), an opsonin and lectin complement pathway activator, constitutes another vital player of innate immunity against several pathogenic organisms in the serum. Studies have reported significant binding of MBL to A. fumigatus; however, the protective role of MBL against A. fumigatus-mediated invasive disease remains elusive. Henceforth, we investigated the contribution of externally administered recombinant human (rh) MBL towards anti-fungal defence in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) by in vivo and in vitro studies. In murine models of IPA with corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression, rhMBL-treated mice showed 80% survival compared to untreated IPA mice with no survivors. Treated IPA mice also showed a marked increase in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1alpha and a significant decrease in pulmonary fungal hyphae and IL-10. In vitro, rhMBL-bound A. fumigatus conidia showed a dose-dependent increase in the deposition of C4b, the first product of the lectin pathway. There was an enhanced uptake of A. fumigatus conidia by the polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the presence of rhMBL that increased further in the presence of MBL supplemented with MBL-deficient serum. However, an increase in the oxidative burst of PMNs and A. fumigatus killing were observed only when MBL was supplemented with MBL-deficient serum. The study suggests a therapeutic role of ex vivo-administered MBL in host defence against aspergillosis, possibly through MBL-mediated complement activation and other protective mechanisms aimed both directly at the pathogen, and indirectly through modulation of the host inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaur
- Molecular Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Caughey AB, Stotland NE, Washington AE, Escobar GJ. Maternal ethnicity, paternal ethnicity, and parental ethnic discordance: predictors of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:156-61. [PMID: 15994632 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000164478.91731.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal and paternal ethnicity as well as parental ethnic discordance with preeclampsia. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of all low-risk women delivered from 1995 to 1999 within a mature managed care organization. Rates of preeclampsia were calculated for maternal, paternal, and combined ethnicity using both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Among the 127,544 low-risk women, when examining maternal ethnicity in a multivariate model controlling for maternal age, parity, education, and gestational age, we found that the rates of preeclampsia were higher among African American (5.2%; odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-1.62) women and lower among Latina (4.0%; OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97) and Asian women (3.5%; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72-0.88), with all results being statistically significant as compared with white women. When paternal ethnicity was controlled for separately, however, the difference in the rate of preeclampsia among Asian women disappeared, the effect of African-American maternal ethnicity increased slightly (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.33-1.72), and Asian paternity was found to be associated with the lowest rate of preeclampsia (3.2%; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.85). Further, parental ethnic discordance was associated with an increase in the rate of preeclampsia (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.26). CONCLUSION We found that rates of preeclampsia were lower with Asian paternal ethnicity. We also found that having a differing paternal and maternal ethnicity was associated with increased rates of preeclampsia. For every 1,000 pregnancies, there would be approximately 10 fewer cases of preeclampsia in the setting of Asian paternity and 5 more cases of preeclampsia in the setting of parental ethnic discordance. These differences may be useful in further investigation of the cause of preeclampsia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Caughey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Host genetic factors are important in determining susceptibility and resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The etiology of tuberculosis is complex, and several host genes have been shown to contribute to the development of clinical disease. The success of the strategies used to investigate host genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial infections can serve as a model for the investigation of host susceptibility to other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bellamy
- James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
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Ottenhoff THM, Verreck FAW, Hoeve MA, van de Vosse E. Control of human host immunity to mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2004; 85:53-64. [PMID: 15687028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2004.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in disease in 5-10% of exposed individuals, whereas the remainder controls infection effectively. Similar inter-individual differences in disease susceptibility are characteristic features of leprosy, typhoid fever, leishmaniasis and other chronic infectious diseases, including viral infections. Although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors, it is clear that genetic host factors play an important role in controlling disease susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. Knowledge of the genes involved and their downstream cellular pathways will provide new insights for the design of improved and rationalized strategies to enhance host-resistance, e.g. by vaccination. In addition, this knowledge will aid in identifying better biomarkers of protection and disease, which are essential tools for the monitoring of vaccination and other intervention trials. The recent identification of patients with deleterious mutations in genes that encode major proteins in the type-1 cytokine (IL-12/IL23-IFN-gamma) axis, that suffered from severe infections due to otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria (non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)) or Salmonella species has revealed the major role of this system in innate and adaptive immunity to mycobacteria and salmonellae. Clinical tuberculosis has now been described in a number of patients with IL-12/IL23-IFN-gamma system defects. Moreover, unusual mycobacterial infections were reported in several patients with genetic defects in NEMO, a key regulatory molecule in the NFkappaB pathway. These new findings will be discussed since they provide further insights into the role of type-1 cytokines in immunity to mycobacteria, including M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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