Reactivity of 5-phenyl-3-[(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene] furan-2(3H)-one towards hydrazine and benzylamine: A comparative study

Synthesis, insecticidal Activity, and molecular docking analysis of some benzo[h]quinoline derivatives against Culex pipiens L. Larvae

Some heterocycles bearing a benzo[h]quinoline moiety were synthesized through treating a 3-((2-chlorobenzo[h]quinolin-3-yl)methylene)-5-(p-tolyl)furan-2(3H)-one with four nitrogen nucleophiles comprising ammonium acetate, benzylamine, dodecan-1-amine, and 1,2-diaminoethane. Also, thiation reactions of furanone and pyrrolinone derivatives were investigated. The insecticidal activity of these compounds against mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens L.) was evaluated. All tested compounds exhibited significant larvicidal activity, surpassing that of the conventional insecticide chlorpyrifos. In silico docking analysis revealed that these compounds may act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, potentially explaining their larvicidal effect. Additionally, interactions with other neuroreceptors, such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and sodium channel voltage-gated alpha subunit were also predicted. The results obtained from this study reflected the potential of benzo[h]quinoline derivatives as promising candidates for developing more effective and sustainable mosquito control strategies. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analyses displayed their desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability properties.

Synthesis and in silico studies of certain benzo[f]quinoline-based heterocycles as antitumor agents

A series of benzoquinoline-employing heterocycles was synthesized by treating 3-chlorobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with N-phenyl-3-methylpyrazolone, 4-aminoacetophenone, 1,2-diaminoethane, and 2-cyanoethanohydrazide. Also, pyridine, chromene, α,β-unsaturated nitrile, thiosemicarbazone, and 1,2-bis-aryl hydrazine derivatives were prepared from the cyanoethanohydrazone obtained. The DFT calculations and experiment outcomes were consistent. In vitro screening of their antiproliferative efficacy was examined against HCT116 and MCF7 cancer cell lines. The pyrazolone 2 and cyanoethanohydrazone 5 derivatives exhibited the most potency, which was demonstrated by their molecular docking towards the CDK-5 enzyme. The binding energies of compounds 2 and 5 were - 6.6320 kcal/mol (with RMSD of 0.9477 Å) and - 6.5696 kcal/mol (with RMSD of 1.4889 Å), respectively, which were near to that of co-crystallized ligand (EFP). This implies a notably strong binding affinity towards the CDK-5 enzyme. Thus, pyrazolone derivative 2 would be considered a promising candidate for further optimization to develop new chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analyses displayed its desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability properties.

Some pyrimidohexahydroquinoline candidates: synthesis, DFT, cytotoxic activity evaluation, molecular docking, and in silico studies

Some hexahydroquinoline candidates were prepared by reacting 2-amino-3-cyano-1-cyclohexylhexahydroquinoline with oxalyl chloride and triethyl orthoformate. The computational chemical approach agreed with the product-testing results. The produced substances were examined in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against liver carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), prostate cancer (PC3), and colon cancer (HCT116) cell lines. The highest potency against the four cell lines was exhibited by hydrazide, thiosemicarbazide, and thiazolidinone derivatives. The best docking score was presented by thiosemicarbazide and thiazolidinone derivatives as they showed the highest binding to the Mcl-1 enzyme with binding energies of -8.97 and -8.90 kcal mol-1, respectively, which were higher than that of the co-crystallized ligand (LC3) with a binding energy of -8.74 kcal mol-1. Besides, the modeling pharmacokinetics disclosed their desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability characteristics.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of thiophene-based heterocycles derived from thiophene-2-carbohydrazide

Aim: Thiophene-based heterocycles were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans strains. Methods: Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method. Results: Spiro-indoline-oxadiazole 17 displayed the highest activity against C. difficile while having no effects against other bacterial strains. Compounds 8 and 16 displayed strong effects against TolC, an outer membrane protein, mutant E. coli. The results of computational chemical study and outcomes of experiments were in good agreement. A molecular docking study was conducted using a molecular operating environment to simulate the binding energies of the potent compounds with D-alanine ligase protein. Conclusion: This study suggests that spiro-indoline-oxadiazole 17 could be a good anticlostridial agent.

Synthesis, computational chemical study, antiproliferative activity screening, and molecular docking of some thiophene-based oxadiazole, triazole, and thiazolidinone derivatives

Thiophene-2-carbohydrazide was used in this study to produce some thiophene-containing oxadiazole, triazole, and thiazolidinone derivatives through reactions with various carbon-centered electrophiles. Besides, the hydrazone obtained was allowed to react with mercaptoacetic acid and acetic anhydride to construct thiazolidinone and oxadiazole derivatives. The results of computational chemical study and outcomes of the experiments were in good agreement. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the produced compounds was examined against two human cell lines namely, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon cancer (HCT116) cell lines using doxorubicin as a reference anticancer agent. The produced hydrazones and spiro-indolin-oxadiazole derivatives were the most potent against the two cancer cell lines. The molecular docking was conducted to demonstrate the binding energies of produced substances toward human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) protein. The binding energies of these ligands were near to that of the co-crystallized ligand (9FK). Compound 11b exhibits a binding energy of -5.5817 kcal mol-1, indicating tight binding to some key nucleobases and amino acids of CA IX protein, while compound 11a displays a higher binding energy compared to the reference ligand (9FK). This suggests that compounds 11b and 11a display a notably strong binding affinity towards the human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) protein. ADME profiles of the potent compounds including physicochemical characteristics, lipophilicity, and drug-likeness were predicted.

One-pot synthesis, computational chemical study, molecular docking, biological study, and in silico prediction ADME/pharmacokinetics properties of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives

An efficient synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles was successfully achieved through one-pot multi-component condensation reactions of some aromatic aldehydes or indolin-2,3-dione with malononitrile and sodium azide using diverse reaction conditions to obtain considerable product yields. Furthermore, it has been achieved for the first time to construct desired products under neat condition. Molecular docking studies with CSNK2A1 receptor disclosed the lowest binding energy displayed by the dimethoxyphenyl derivative 4c with - 6.8687 kcal/mol. The synthesized tetrazoles were screened for their in-vitro cytotoxic activity against epidermoid cancer cell line (A431) and colon cancer line (HCT116) with respect to normal skin fibroblast cell line (BJ-1) using MTT assay, and antimicrobial activity against the bacteria: K. pneumonia, S. aureus, and the fungi: Candida albicans, as well as their antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. In addition, the toxicity of tetrazole derivative was assessed by determination of their approximate lethal dose fifty (LD50), calculated via an oral administration to rats, through measurement of ALT and bilirubin levels in serum. The antitumor results can suggest that the potent tetrazole derivative namely, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile (4c) could be a potential drug against epidermoid carcinoma. The antioxidant results indicated to tetrazoles exhibited great antioxidant properties even at very low doses. A molecular dynamics simulation was performed for the synthesized compounds (ligands) to investigate their tendency for binding with the active sites of protein.

Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Some Benzoquinoline-Based Heterocycles Derived from 2-((3-Chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide

A new series of benzoquinoline-based heterocycles was synthesized utilizing the building block synthon, 2-((3-chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide via the condensation of 3-chlorobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with thiosemicarbazide. The titled thiosemicarbazone scaffold was conducted with some carbon-centered electrophilic reagents such as acetic anhydride, chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetic acid, 2-bromo-1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-one, 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide, and dimethyl but-2-ynedioate to achieve triazolethione, imidazolone, thiazolidinone, and thiazole derivatives. In turn, the hydrazinolysis of this substrate did not proceed as expected but it afforded the azine derivative. The antioxidant activity screening of the produced compounds revealed that thiazole and triazolethione derivatives were the most potent.

Synthesis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity of some pyrazole-based heterocycles using a 2(3H)-furanone derivative

Some pyrazole-based heterocycles such as pyrrolone, pyridazinone, and imidazole derivatives were synthesized utilizing the pyrazolyl-2(3H )-furanone derivative 3 , which was obtained in a good yield via Perkin condensation of 5-chloro-4-formyl-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole with 3-(4-methylbenzoyl)propionic acid in the presence of cyclo-dehydrating agent (sodium acetate and acetic anhydride). Also, the acid hydrazide obtained was reacted with some carbonyl reagents such as acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 1,3-diphenyl-4-formylpyrazole, aiming to achieve new pyrrolone derivatives. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity screening of some synthesized compounds demonstrated that some of them offered strong potencies. An experimental trial was undertaken to explore the effect of different substances and applied against avian influenza HPAI-H5N1 (AIV) to evaluate the antiviral replication in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos. All the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities, and most of tested compounds showed potent inhibition growth activity toward Haemophilus (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), and Candida albicans fungus. Upon antimicrobial screening, it was observed that the majority of the compounds were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus , Haemophilus , and Candida albicans as compared to standard drugs. This experiment shows the potential usage of these compounds as antiviral agents and can be considered as a viable means to control the economically important avian influenza of poultry. These compounds can thus be recommended for their antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal property and can very well be used as immunostimulants.

Synthesis, SAR studies, and insecticidal activities of certain N-heterocycles derived from 3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one against Culex pipiens L. larvae

An acid hydrazide derivative was synthesized and transformed into a variety of valuable N-heterocycles such as pyridazinone, oxadiazole, triazolopyridazinone, and triazole derivatives via reactions with certain carbon electrophiles such as 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, indole-3-carbaldehyde, pentan-2,4-dione, and carbon disulfide. The chemical structures of all prepared compounds were verified via their analytical and spectroscopic data. The insecticidal activity of the N-heterocycles was evaluated against field and lab strains of the third larval instar of Culex pipiens. All tested compounds exhibited higher larvicidal activity against the lab strains compared to the field strains, with dissimilar ratios. The obtained results demonstrate that the high toxicity achieved by oxadiazole followed the order of furanone, pyridazinone and hydrazide, with lower LC₅₀ values of the hydrazone and N-acetylpyridazinone derivatives compared to that of imidacloprid. Interestingly, these compounds are promising agents for insect pest control, especially since they are insoluble in water and can overcome the disadvantages of neonicotinoid applications in pest management programs.

A new series of N-heterocycles including pyridazinone, oxadiazole, triazolopyridazinone, and triazole derivatives were synthesized from the acid hydrazide via its reaction with certain carbon electrophiles.

Synthesis, DFT, and eco-friendly insecticidal activity of some N-heterocycles derived from 4-((2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one

A new series of nitrogen heterocycles encompassing a quinoline scaffold such as imidazolone, benzimidazole, triazinone, triazole, and thiazole derivatives was synthesized utilizing the readily obtainable building block synthon, 4-((2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one (3). It was interesting that the fused heterocycle, pyranoquinoline derivative 15 was successfully synthesized by different routes of reactions. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity and compounds 6, 17, and 20 were the most potent against both Mythimna separata and Nilaparvata lugens. The DFT study was performed for the most potent compounds.