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Gössinger E. Chemistry of the Secondary Metabolites of Termites. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 109:1-384. [PMID: 31637529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12858-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and biochemistry of the low-molecular-weight compounds of the secretion of exocrine glands of termites are described, with an emphasis on pheromones and defensive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Gössinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- , Mistelbach, Austria.
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Lorber K, Zeh G, Regler J, Buettner A. Structure-Odor Relationships of ( Z)-3-Alken-1-ols, ( Z)-3-Alkenals, and ( Z)-3-Alkenoic Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2334-2343. [PMID: 28006903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
( Z)-3-Unsaturated volatile acids, alcohols, and aldehydes are commonly found in foods and other natural sources, playing a vital role in the attractiveness of foods but also as compounds with chemocommunicative function in entomology. However, a systematic investigation of their smell properties, especially regarding humans, has not been carried out until today. To close this gap, the odor thresholds in air and odor qualities of homologous series of ( Z)-3-alken-1-ols, ( Z)-3-alkenals, and ( Z)-3-alkenoic acids were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry. It was found that the odor qualities in the series of the ( Z)-3-alken-1-ols and ( Z)-3-alkenals changed, with increasing chain length, from grassy, green to an overall fatty and citrus-like, soapy character. On the other hand, the odor qualities of the ( Z)-3-alkenoic acids changed successively from cheesy, sweaty via plastic-like, to waxy in their homologous series. With regard to their odor potencies, the lowest thresholds in air were found for ( Z)-3-hexenal, ( Z)-3-octenoic acid, and ( Z)-3-octenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lorber
- Professorship of Aroma Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Henkestrasse 9 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Sensory Analytics , Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) , Giggenhauser Strasse 35 , 85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Gina Zeh
- Professorship of Aroma Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Henkestrasse 9 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Johanna Regler
- Professorship of Aroma Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Henkestrasse 9 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Professorship of Aroma Research, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Henkestrasse 9 , 91054 Erlangen , Germany
- Department of Sensory Analytics , Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) , Giggenhauser Strasse 35 , 85354 Freising , Germany
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Tamai H, Imamura A, Ogawa J, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M. First Total Synthesis of Ganglioside GAA-7 from StarfishAsterias amurensis versicolor. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gold(I)-catalysed synthesis of cyclic sulfamidates: current scope, stereochemistry and competing ene-allene cycloisomerisation. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Saran RK, Millar JG, Rust MK. Role of (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrien-1-ol in trail following, feeding, and mating behavior of Reticulitermes hesperus. J Chem Ecol 2007; 33:369-89. [PMID: 17200889 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trail pheromones mediate communication among western subterranean termites, Reticulitermes hesperus Banks. Repetitive passages of >or=28 termites were required to establish a pheromone trail and trails needed to be reinforced because they lasted <48 hr. The minimal threshold concentration for inducing responses from termite workers and secondary reproductives was between 0.01 and 0.1 fg/cm of (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrien-1-ol (henceforth, dodecatrienol). Workers showed optimal trail-following behavior to dodecatrienol at a concentration of 10 fg/cm. Trails with concentrations >10 pg/cm were repellent to workers. Workers did not detect pheromone gradients, responding equally to increasing or decreasing gradients of dodecatrienol, and termite workers were not able to differentiate between different concentrations of dodecatrienol. Termites preferred dodecatrienol trails to 2-phenoxyethanol trails. Antennae played a key role in trail pheromone perception. Dodecatrienol acted as an arrestant for worker termites (10 fg/cm2) and male alates (5 ng/cm2), whereas sternal gland extracts from females attracted male alates. Workers and alates, upon contact with filter paper disks treated with higher doses (10 fg/cm2 and 5 ng/cm2, respectively) of dodecatrienol, were highly excited (increased antennation and palpation) and repeatedly returned to the treated disks. Dodecatrienol did not act as a phagostimulant when offered on a paper towel disk. Reticulitermes hesperus is highly responsive to dodecatrienol, and it may play an important role in orientation of workers and alates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Saran
- Department of Entomology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Sureda T, Quero C, Bosch MP, Avilés R, Coll F, Renou M, Guerrero A. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of a Cuban Population of the Sweet Potato Weevil to its Sex Pheromone. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:2177-90. [PMID: 16977491 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The sex pheromone of feral sweet potato weevils Cylas formicarius elegantulus from Cuba was found, via solid-phase microextraction analysis, to be identical to (Z)-3-dodecenyl (E)-2-butenoate, a previously reported compound. Females emitted 20 pg pheromone d(-1). In scanning electron microscopy studies carried out on the male antenna, we identified several types of sensilla: sensilla trichoidea of type 1 (ST1) as long hairs (100-150 microm), sensilla trichoidea of type 2 as short hairs (50-60 microm), sensilla basiconica of type 1 as thick pegs (20-25 microm), sensilla basiconica of type 2 as curved pegs (10-15 microm), and sensilla basiconica of type 3 as thin and straight short pegs (15-20 microm). The same types were observed in female antennae but ST1 were far less abundant than in males. Sensilla chaetica were also found on the flagellum subsegments in both sexes. In electrophysiological tests, the crotonate function in the pheromone structure proved to be critical for activity since regular depolarizations (0.6-0.8 mV) were obtained with puffs on 1 microg of the attractant, but not with puffs of the formate, acetate, propionate, or butyrate analogue of the pheromone. In a double dual-choice olfactometer, males showed maximum activity between the 4th and the 8th hr of scotophase at a dose of 50-1000 ng of pheromone. In field tests, a correlation between the contents of the Z,E isomer in the pheromone formulation with activity was noticed, and baits containing this isomer of stereomeric purity >94% showed the highest attractivity. The presence of 5% of the Z,Z isomer in the lure did not induce any synergistic or inhibitory effect, and the alcohol precursor of the pheromone was inactive. The results show that use of a stereomerically pure pheromone may not be necessary in pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sureda
- Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Selective synthesis of natural and unnatural 5,6-disubstituted 2(2H)-pyranones via iodolactonization of 5-substituted (Z)-2-en-4-ynoic acids. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Barrett AGM, Bennett AJ, Menzer S, Smith ML, White AJP, Williams DJ. Applications of Crotonyldiisopinocampheylboranes in Synthesis: Total Synthesis of Restrictinol. J Org Chem 1999; 64:162-171. [PMID: 11674099 DOI: 10.1021/jo9815305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of restrictinol, the hydrolysis product of the antifungal natural product restricticin, starting from commercially available methyl (S)-(+)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate is described. Key stages in the strategy involved (i) the use of Brown's allylboration chemistry to construct an acyclic intermediate bearing three of the four stereogenic centers of the natural product, (ii) formation of a C-glycosidic vinyl iodide, and (iii) introduction of the triene side chain via a Suzuki coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, England
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Bellina F, Carpita A, Corradi C, Rossi R. Candidate Trail Attractants of Reticultermes lucifugus: Stereoselective Syntheses of (3 Z, 6 E, B E)-(3 Z, 6 E, 8 Z)-and (3 Z, 6 Z, 8 Z)-3,6,8 -Dodecatrien-1-OL 1. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608004640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vasil'ev AA, Vlasyuk AL, Gamalevich GD, Serebryakov EP. A versatile and convenient protocol for the stereocontrolled synthesis of olefinic insect pheromones. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:389-400. [PMID: 8733617 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A combination of the Horner-Emmons synthesis of alkyl 2,4-dienoates with their hydrogenation over complex L.Cr(CO)3 catalysts (L = 3CO or arene) provides a versatile, stereocontrolled and operationally simple approach to the (Z)-disubstituted, (Z)-trisubstituted, (E)-trisubstituted alkenes and skipped (Z,Z)-disubstituted diolefins with a homoallylic type of functionally. This protocol, sometimes supplemented by an enzymatic hydrolysis, was successfully applied to the synthesis of configurationally pure (gp > or = 98%) pheromones of the furniture carpet beetle, dry bean beetle, rusty grain beetle, square-necked grain beetle and a trail-following pheromone mimic for subterranean termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Vasil'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Argenti L, Bellina F, Carpita A, Rossi R. Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Enantiomerically Enriched (S)(-)-β-Bisabolene. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508011421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rossi R, Carpita A, Bellina F. PALLADIUM- AND/OR COPPER-MEDIATED CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS BETWEEN 1-ALKYNES AND VINYL, ARYL, 1-ALKYNYL, 1,2-PROPADIENYL, PROPARGYL AND ALLYLIC HALIDES OR RELATED COMPOUNDS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949509458449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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