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Jolly RD, Dittmer KE, Jones BR, Worth AJ, Thompson KG, Johnstone AC, Palmer DN, Van de Water NS, Hemsley KM, Garrick DJ, Winchester BG, Walkley SU. Animal medical genetics: a historical perspective on more than 50 years of research into genetic disorders of animals at Massey University. N Z Vet J 2021; 69:255-266. [PMID: 33969809 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1928564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, there have been major advances in knowledge and technology regarding genetic diseases, and the subsequent ability to control them in a cost-effective manner. This review traces these advances through research into genetic diseases of animals at Massey University (Palmerston North, NZ), and briefly discusses the disorders investigated during that time, with additional detail for disorders of major importance such as bovine α-mannosidosis, ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis, canine mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA and feline hyperchylomicronaemia. The overall research has made a significant contribution to veterinary medicine, has provided new biological knowledge and advanced our understanding of similar disorders in human patients, including testing various specific therapies prior to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Jolly
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K E Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B R Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A J Worth
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K G Thompson
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A C Johnstone
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D N Palmer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - N S Van de Water
- Department of Diagnostic Genetics, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D J Garrick
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Al Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - B G Winchester
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - S U Walkley
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Hurst EA, Homer NZ, Mellanby RJ. Vitamin D Metabolism and Profiling in Veterinary Species. Metabolites 2020; 10:E371. [PMID: 32942601 PMCID: PMC7569877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for vitamin D analysis in veterinary species is increasing with the growing knowledge of the extra-skeletal role vitamin D plays in health and disease. The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) metabolite is used to assess vitamin D status, and the benefits of analysing other metabolites in the complex vitamin D pathway are being discovered in humans. Profiling of the vitamin D pathway by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) facilitates simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites in a single sample and over wide dynamic ranges, and this method is now considered the gold-standard for quantifying vitamin D metabolites. However, very few studies report using LC-MS/MS for the analysis of vitamin D metabolites in veterinary species. Given the complexity of the vitamin D pathway and the similarities in the roles of vitamin D in health and disease between humans and companion animals, there is a clear need to establish a comprehensive, reliable method for veterinary analysis that is comparable to that used in human clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the differences in vitamin D metabolism between veterinary species and the benefits of measuring vitamin D metabolites beyond 25(OH)D. Finally, we discuss the analytical challenges in profiling vitamin D in veterinary species with a focus on LC-MS/MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Hurst
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Natalie Z. Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK;
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Normal vitamin D receptor function with increased expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase in Corriedale sheep with inherited rickets. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhao X, Dittmer KE, Blair HT, Thompson KG, Rothschild MF, Garrick DJ. A novel nonsense mutation in the DMP1 gene identified by a genome-wide association study is responsible for inherited rickets in Corriedale sheep. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21739. [PMID: 21747952 PMCID: PMC3128599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited rickets of Corriedale sheep is characterized by decreased growth rate, thoracic lordosis and angular limb deformities. Previous outcross and backcross studies implicate inheritance as a simple autosomal recessive disorder. A genome wide association study was conducted using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip on 20 related sheep comprising 17 affected and 3 carriers. A homozygous region of 125 consecutive single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci was identified in all affected sheep, covering a region of 6 Mb on ovine chromosome 6. Among 35 candidate genes in this region, the dentin matrix protein 1 gene (DMP1) was sequenced to reveal a nonsense mutation 250C/T on exon 6. This mutation introduced a stop codon (R145X) and could truncate C-terminal amino acids. Genotyping by PCR-RFLP for this mutation showed all 17 affected sheep were "T T" genotypes; the 3 carriers were "C T"; 24 phenotypically normal related sheep were either "C T" or "C C"; and 46 unrelated normal control sheep from other breeds were all "C C". The other SNPs in DMP1 were not concordant with the disease and can all be ruled out as candidates. Previous research has shown that mutations in the DMP1 gene are responsible for autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets in humans. Dmp1_knockout mice exhibit rickets phenotypes. We believe the R145X mutation to be responsible for the inherited rickets found in Corriedale sheep. A simple diagnostic test can be designed to identify carriers with the defective "T" allele. Affected sheep could be used as animal models for this form of human rickets, and for further investigation of the role of DMP1 in phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keith G. Thompson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Max F. Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dorian J. Garrick
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Dittmer KE, Firth EC, Thompson KG, Marshall JC, Blair HT. Changes in bone structure of Corriedale sheep with inherited rickets: A peripheral quantitative computed tomography assessment. Vet J 2011; 187:369-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dittmer KE, Thompson KG. Vitamin D metabolism and rickets in domestic animals: a review. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:389-407. [PMID: 20634407 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810375240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rickets and osteomalacia are increasing in prevalence in people because of cultural practices, breast-feeding, decreased sun exposure, and increased sunscreen usage. Several hereditary forms of rickets owing to either renal phosphate wasting or defects in vitamin D metabolism are also reported in people. Rickets is well recognized in domestic animals, but published reports are not always supported by microscopic findings, and diagnoses based on clinical signs and radiology are unreliable. Most cases in domestic animals are caused by dietary deficiency of either vitamin D or phosphorus, but occasional inherited forms are reported in pigs, sheep, cats, and dogs. There is variation between species in susceptibility to dietary vitamin D and phosphorus deficiency and in the ability to manufacture vitamin D in their skin. A number of mouse models have been discovered or created to study human skeletal diseases and skeletal homeostasis. With the discovery that vitamin D is involved in not only calcium and phosphorus homeostasis but also in the immune system and cancer, there is great potential for new and existing animal models to generate valuable information about vitamin D and its many functions. This review presents an overview of vitamin D metabolism and rickets in domestic and laboratory animals and makes comparisons where appropriate with the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Dittmer
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Dittmer K, Thompson K, Blair H. Pathology of Inherited Rickets in Corriedale Sheep. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Braun U, Ohlerth S, Liesegang A, Forster E, Gorber U, Tschuor A, Bearth G, Muntwyler J, Wiederkehr D, Ossent P. Osteoporosis in goats associated with phosphorus and calcium deficiency. Vet Rec 2009; 164:211-3. [PMID: 19218593 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.7.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Muntwyler
- Extension and Health Service for Small Ruminants ESSR; CH-3360 Herzogenbuchsee Switzerland
| | - D. Wiederkehr
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. Ossent
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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Thompson KG, Piripi SA, Dittmer KE. Inherited abnormalities of skeletal development in sheep. Vet J 2008; 177:324-33. [PMID: 17910925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inherited diseases of the skeleton are reported less often in sheep than in most other domestic animal species but are likely to occur more frequently than the veterinary literature would suggest. Although most are lethal or semi-lethal, the gene frequency for some of these diseases has reached surprisingly high levels in defined populations, presumably due either to the founder effect or the presence of a selective advantage of heterozygous individuals. This article reviews the clinical characteristics, pathology, mode of inheritance and molecular basis of skeletal diseases known to have a genetic aetiology in sheep. Inherited skeletal diseases of sheep are potential models for studying the treatment of similar diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Thompson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, P.O. Box 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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