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Geng X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yan W, Xu Z, Chen J, Zhao L. Theoretical Investigation on the Reversible Photoswitch Mechanism of Benzylidene-Oxazolone System. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400250. [PMID: 38820005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The design and application of molecular photoswitches have attracted much attention. Herein, we performed a detailed computational study on the photoswitch benzylidene-oxazolone system based on static electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly excited-state dynamic simulations. For the Z and E isomer, we located six and four minimum energy conical intersections (MECIs) between the first excited state (S1) and the ground state (S0), respectively. Among them, the relaxation pathway driven by ring-puckering motion is the most competitive channel with the photoisomeization process, leading to the low photoisomerization quantum yield. In the dynamic simulations, about 88 % and 66 % trajectories decay from S1 to S0 for Z and E isomer, respectively, within the total simulation time of ~2 ps. The photoisomeization quantum yields obtained in our study (0.20 for Z→E and 0.12 for E→Z) agree well with the experimental measured values (0.25 and 0.11), even though the number of trajectories is limited to 50. Our study sheds light on the complexity of the benzylidene-oxazolone system 's deactivation process and the competitive mechanisms among different reaction channels, which provides theoretical guidance for further design and development of benzylidene-oxazolone based molecular photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Geng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, KøbenhavnØ, Denmark
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
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2
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Medhi B, Nath U, Sarma M. Revisiting fulgide photochromism: Mechanistic decoding and electron transport from computational exploration. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154308. [PMID: 38634497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The photochromic behavior of the fulgide molecule relies on ring-closure and ring-opening processes involving conical intersections during excited state transformation between isomers. The precise location and topography of these conical intersections significantly shape the decay process and fluorescence phenomena inherent to the molecule. This work combines electronic structure theory calculations using the density functional theory and wavefunction methods, as well as surface hopping simulation to analyze the photochemical behavior of an experimentally synthesized fulgide molecule, (E)-p-methylacetophenylisopropylidenesuccinic anhydride (1E). Our study reveals the conical intersection between the first excited state (S1) and the ground electronic state (S0), which emerges beyond the S1 minimum of 1E to the ring-closing side. The distinctive topography of this conical intersection appears to be sloped. These findings suggest a reduced quantum yield for the formation of the closed isomer, indicating a higher likelihood of reformation of the open isomer(s). The surface hopping simulation further supports this observation, revealing a mere ∼8% quantum yield for the formation of the closed isomer. In addition, the photoisomerization of the fulgide molecule initiates a cascade of conduction switching and holds great potential for applications in molecular electronics. Delving into the realm of molecular electronics, we have further examined the electron transport properties, disclosing the higher conductivity of the closed isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Upasana Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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3
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Reichenauer T, Böckmann M, Ziegler K, Kumar V, Ravoo BJ, Doltsinis NL, Schlücker S. Photoswitching of arylazopyrazoles upon S 1 (nπ*) excitation studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10832-10840. [PMID: 38525498 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) are an important class of molecular photoswitches with high photostationary states (PSS) and long thermal lifetimes. The ultrafast photoisomerization of four water-soluble arylazopyrazoles, all of them featuring an ortho-dimethylated pyrazole ring, is studied by narrowband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Upon S1 (nπ*) photoexcitation of the planar E-isomers (E-AAPs), excited-state bi-exponential decays with time constants τ1 in the 220-440 fs range and τ2 in the 1.4-1.8 ps range are observed, comparable to those reported for azobenzene (AB). This is indicative of the same photoisomerization mechanism as has been reported for ABs. In contrast to the planar E-AAPs, a twisted E-AAP with two methyl groups in ortho-position of the phenyl ring displays faster initial photoswitching with τ1 = 170 ± 10 fs and τ2 = 1.6 ± 0.1 ps. Our static DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of E-AAPs on the S0 and S1 potential energy surfaces suggest that twisted E-isomer azo photoswitches exhibit faster initial photoisomerization dynamics out of the Franck-Condon region due to a weaker π-coordination of the central CNNC unit to the aromatic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Reichenauer
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute of Solid-State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Katharina Ziegler
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Universität Münster, 48148 Münster, Germany.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Universität Münster, 48148 Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute of Solid-State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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4
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Hu X, Liu J, Gong X, Xu J, Yao J, Li K, Liu H. Photochromic biomaterials: Synthesis and fluorescence properties of spiroxanthenes-grafted alginate derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121664. [PMID: 38171681 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a general and green synthetic strategy for photochromic functional alginate derivatives grafting with isoindolinone spiroxanthenes. Under mild condition, diverse 2-aminoalkyl isoindolinone spiroxanthene derivatives have been prepared from organic photochromic isobenzofuranone spiroxanthenes (including rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G and fluorescein), and grafted on alginate chains through amidation reaction using diamine as a linkage with water as a green solvent at room temperature. The photochromic properties of the fluorophores-modified polymers and the effect of pH value have been explored. Under acid conditions, the spiroisoindolinone rings of alginate derivatives are opened resulting in showing absorption bands and fluorescence with orange to green emission, while the alginate derivatives turned to colourless under basic conditions which is reversibly. In addition to biodegradability and biocompatibility, the polymers exhibit good film-forming properties simultaneously. The films and fibers produced from the alginate derivatives also project good fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaole Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiuyong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.
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5
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Pang X, He H, Zhao K, Zhang N, Zhong Q. Ultrafast nonadiabatic photoisomerization dynamics study of molecular motor based on the synthetic indanylidene-ppyrrolinium frameworks. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Kochman MA, Gryber T, Durbeej B, Kubas A. Simulation and analysis of the relaxation dynamics of a photochromic furylfulgide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18103-18118. [PMID: 35880631 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Furylfulgides, a class of photochromic organic compounds, show a complex system of photoinduced reactions. In the present study, the excited-state dynamics of the Eα and Eβ isomers of a representative furylfulgide is modelled with the use of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, a pattern recognition algorithm is employed in order to automatically identify relaxation pathways, and to quantify the photoproduct distributions. The simulation results indicate that, despite differing only in the orientation of the furyl group, the two isomers show markedly different photochemical behaviour. The predominant Eα isomer undergoes photocyclisation with a quantum yield (QY) of 0.27 ± 0.10. For this isomer, the undesired E → Z photoisomerisation around the central double bond represents a minor side reaction, with a QY of 0.09 ± 0.07. In contrast, the minority Eβ isomer, which is incapable of photocyclisation, undergoes efficient E → Z photoisomerisation, with a QY as high as 0.56 ± 0.14. The relaxation kinetics and the photoproduct distributions are interpreted in the light of the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Gryber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Jiao F, Wei M, Leng J, Song Z, Hu W, Zhang Y. Theoretical Investigation of Switch Effect on the Efficiency and Adaptivity of Molecular Optoelectronic Conversion Devices. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200463. [PMID: 35723224 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitch can effectively regulate charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR) in donor-acceptor (D-A) systems. However, deformation of the donor-switch-acceptor (D-S-A) systems caused by the switch isomerization will destroy the geometrical stability of the battery. Here we take the planar platinum(II) terpyridyl complex of [Pt(t Bu3 tpy)(-C≡C-Ph)n ]+ as the typical D-A model, designed six D-S-A systems using different photoswitches (dimethyldihydropyrene, fulgimide, arylazopyrazole, N-salicylideneaniline, spiropyran, and dithienylethene, denoted as D-S-A 1-6 hereafter). Our investigations show that the D-S-A 1-6 can absorb visible light of 799 nm, 673 nm, 527 nm, 568 nm, 616 nm, and 629 nm, facilitating electrons transfer from the donor and the switch to the acceptor through the Switch-on channel. Then cationic character of the photoswitch can undergo much more rapid isomerization than the neutral form due to the lower energy barrier. The Switch-off isomer breaks the conjugation of the D-S-A system, effectively turning off the CT channel and forming the CS state. Based on the evaluated conjugated backbone twist (CBT) angle, we found that D-S-A 1, 2, 4, 6 exhibit little configurational change and can be good candidates as the organic solar cell. The proposed D-S-A design controlled by the molecular switch may help to develop a solution for solar-harvesting practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology-Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Wei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology-Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jiancai Leng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering (Department of Physics), Qilu University of Technology-Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology-Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering (Department of Physics), Qilu University of Technology-Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, P. R. China
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8
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Abstract
This article outlines the general structures and photochromism characteristic of fulgide dyes and their most important related analogues. It provides an overview of synthetic routes to such derivatives in addition to exemplifying how typical structural variations influence photochromic behavior. A brief survey then follows, giving a flavor of the applications that have been – and continue to be – sought for them in the capacity of functional dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Towns
- Technical , Lambson Ltd , Clifford House, York Road , Wetherby , West Yorkshire LS22 7NS, United Kingdom
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10
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Padgaonkar S, Eckdahl CT, Sowa JK, López-Arteaga R, Westmoreland DE, Woods EF, Irgen-Gioro S, Nagasing B, Seideman T, Hersam MC, Kalow JA, Weiss EA. Light-Triggered Switching of Quantum Dot Photoluminescence through Excited-State Electron Transfer to Surface-Bound Photochromic Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:854-860. [PMID: 33395307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes reversible "on-off" switching of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CdSe quantum dots (QDs), mediated by photochromic furylfulgide carboxylate (FFC) molecules chemisorbed to the surfaces of the QDs. Repeated cycles of UV and visible illumination switch the FFC between "closed" and "open" isomers. Reversible switching of the QDs' PL intensity by >80% is enabled by different rates and yields of PL-quenching photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the QDs to the respective isomers. This difference is consistent with cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional calculations of the isomers' frontier orbital energies. This work demonstrates fatigue-resistant modulation of the PL of a QD-molecule complex through remote control of PET. Such control potentially enables applications, such as all-optical memory, sensing, and imaging, that benefit from a fast, tunable, and reversible response to light stimuli.
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11
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Tang S, Xue D, Guo J, Ma L, Tian Y, Luo J. Macroscale Light-Controlled Lubrication Enabled by Introducing Diarylethene Molecules in a Nanoconfinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5820-5828. [PMID: 32366102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reversible friction regulation is of long-standing great interest in the fields of both industry and scientific research, so some materials and theories have been developed aiming to solve this problem. Light-sensitive materials are promising because of the easy controllable switching of the properties and structures. Here, a reversible light-controlled macrolubrication was realized by regulating the performance of nanoscale light-sensitive molecules adsorbed on contact surfaces. In this work, symmetric diarylethene and asymmetric diarylethene had been designed and synthesized as functional materials. The friction forces were found to be obviously increased upon exposure to ultraviolet light and decayed to the initial value under visible light. In addition, the friction coefficient changed alternately with ultraviolet and visible illumination. According to the results of experiments and simulation of material properties, the behavior was suggested to be attributed to the difference in shear stiffness of the nanoscale diarylethene molecule adsorption layer triggered by two wavelength lights. This work not only provides a new lubrication regulation technology but also develops intelligent engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dandan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Wang S, Schatz S, Stuhldreier MC, Böhnke H, Wiese J, Schröder C, Raeker T, Hartke B, Keppler JK, Schwarz K, Renth F, Temps F. Ultrafast dynamics of UV-excited trans- and cis-ferulic acid in aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:30683-30694. [PMID: 29119980 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast UV-induced processes of the neutral, anionic and dianionic forms of trans- and cis-ferulic acid (FA) in aqueous solution were studied by static and femtosecond time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. In all cases, initial excitation populates the first 1ππ* state. For the dianionic cis-isomer cFA2-, electronic deactivation takes place with a time constant of only 1.4 ps, whereas in all other cases, excited-state deactivation happens more than ten times slower, on a time scale of ≈20 ps. The data suggest sequential de-excitation pathways, where initial sub-picosecond solvent rearrangement and structural changes are followed by internal conversion to an intermediate excited electronic state from which deactivation to the ground state proceeds. Considering the time scales, barrierless excited-state pathways are suggested only in the case of cFA2-, where the observed formation of the isomerisation photoproduct tFA2- provides clear evidence for a cis ⇄ trans isomerisation coordinate. In the other cases, pathways with an excited-state energy barrier, presumably along the same coordinate, are likely, given the longer excited-state lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Wang
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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13
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Ritchie C, Vamvounis G, Soleimaninejad H, Smith TA, Bieske EJ, Dryza V. Photochrome-doped organic films for photonic keypad locks and multi-state fluorescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19984-19991. [PMID: 28722049 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer films doped with two kinds of photochromic molecular switches are investigated. A green-fluorescent sulfonyl diarylethene (P1) is combined with either a non-fluorescent diarylethene (P2) or red-fluorescent spiropyran (P3). Photoswitching between the colorless and colored isomers (P1: o-BTFO4 ↔ c-BTFO4, P2: o-DTE ↔ c-DTE, P3: SP ↔ MC) enables the P1 + P2 and P1 + P3 films to be cycled through three distinct states. From the initial state (o-BTFO4 + o-DTE/SP), irradiation with UV light generates the second state (c-BTFO4 + c-DTE/MC), where c-BTFO4 → c-DTE/MC energy transfer is established. Irradiation with green light then generates the third state (c-BTFO4 + o-DTE/SP), where the energy transfer acceptor is no longer present. Finally, irradiation with blue light regenerates the initial state. For the P1 + P2 film, only one state is fluorescent, with the irradiation inputs required to be entered in the correct order to access this state, acting as a keypad lock. For the P1 + P3 film, the states emit either no fluorescence, red fluorescence, or green fluorescence, all using a common excitation wavelength. Additionally, once the fluorescence is activated with UV light, it undergoes a time-dependent color transition from red to green, due to the pairing of P-type and T-type photochromes. These multi-photochromic systems may be useful for security ink or imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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14
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Kumpulainen T, Lang B, Rosspeintner A, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Elementary Photochemical Processes of Organic Molecules in Liquid Solution. Chem Rev 2016; 117:10826-10939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Lang
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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15
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Slavov C, Boumrifak C, Hammer CA, Trojanowski P, Chen X, Lees WJ, Wachtveitl J, Braun M. The ultrafast reactions in the photochromic cycle of water-soluble fulgimide photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10289-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High polarity and protic nature of the solvent strongly influence the reaction dynamics of a photochromic water-soluble indolylfulgimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
| | - C. Boumrifak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
| | - C. A. Hammer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
| | - P. Trojanowski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
| | - X. Chen
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute
- School of Integrated Sciences and Humanities and Department of Chemistry and Bio-chemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - W. J. Lees
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute
- School of Integrated Sciences and Humanities and Department of Chemistry and Bio-chemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - J. Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
| | - M. Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt/Main
- Germany
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16
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Tseng HW, Shen JY, Kuo TY, Tu TS, Chen YA, Demchenko AP, Chou PT. Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer reaction demonstrating anti-Kasha behavior. Chem Sci 2015; 7:655-665. [PMID: 29896352 PMCID: PMC5952995 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
When excited with high energy quanta, specially designed 3-hydroxychromone derivatives demonstrate dramatic enhancement of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction in obvious violation of Kasha's rule.
We report unusual photophysical properties observed on two newly designed 3-hydroxychromone derivatives exhibiting the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. The efficiency of ESIPT reaction is greatly enhanced upon excitation with high energy quanta to Sn (n > 1) levels in low-polarity solvents. Based on detailed analyses of excitation and emission spectra as well as time-resolved emission kinetics we derive that conditions, in which this phenomenon contradicting Kasha's rule is observed, are quite different from that for observation of anti-Kasha emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Wei Tseng
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , 10617 Taiwan , Republic of China . ;
| | - Jiun-Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , 10617 Taiwan , Republic of China . ;
| | - Ting-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , 10617 Taiwan , Republic of China . ;
| | - Ting-Syun Tu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , 10617 Taiwan , Republic of China . ;
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , 10617 Taiwan , Republic of China . ;
| | - Alexander P Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kiev 01030 , Ukraine
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , 10617 Taiwan , Republic of China . ;
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17
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Murdock D, Harris SJ, Clark IP, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Orr-Ewing AJ, Ashfold MNR. UV-induced isomerization dynamics of N-methyl-2-pyridone in solution. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:88-94. [PMID: 25469643 DOI: 10.1021/jp511818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The photoisomerization dynamics of N-methyl-2-pyridone (NMP) dissolved in CH3CN have been interrogated by time-resolved electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopy. Irradiation at two different wavelengths (330 or 267 nm) prepares NMP(S1) molecules with very different levels of vibrational excitation, which rapidly relax to low vibrational levels of the S1 state. Internal conversion with an associated time constant of 110(4) ps, leading to reformation of NMP(S0) molecules, is identified as the dominant (>90%) decay pathway. Much of the remaining fraction undergoes a photoinitiated rearrangement to yield two ketenes (revealed by their characteristic antisymmetric C═C═O stretching modes at 2110 and 2120 cm(-1)), which are in equilibrium. The rate of ketene formation is found to be pump-wavelength dependent, consistent with ab initio electronic structure calculations which predict a barrier on the S1 potential energy surface en route to a prefulvenic conical intersection, by which isomerization is deduced to occur. Two kinetic models-differentiated by whether product branching occurs in the S1 or S0 electronic states-are presented and used with equal success in the analysis of the experimental data, highlighting the difficulties associated with deducing unambiguous mechanistic information from kinetic data alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Murdock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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18
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Arruda BC, Sension RJ. Ultrafast polyene dynamics: the ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4439-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Renth F, Siewertsen R, Strübe F, Mattay J, Temps F. Ultrafast Z → E photoisomerisation of structurally modified furylfulgides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19556-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01739k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of Z-fulgides with selected structural motifs revealed fast and direct excited-state dynamics independent of chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Renth
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
- D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ron Siewertsen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
- D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Strübe
- Organische Chemie I
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- Organische Chemie I
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Friedrich Temps
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
- D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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21
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Belfon KA, Gough JD. Theoretical analysis of an all-photonic multifunctional molecular logic device: Using TD-DFT//DFT to assess photochromic activity of multimeric photochrome. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Schönborn JB, Hartke B. Importance of a low-lying nπ*-state in the photo-isomerisation reaction of Z-methylfurylfulgide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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