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Oliveira AC, Fascineli ML, de Oliveira PM, Gelfuso GM, Villacis RAR, Grisolia CK. Multi-level toxicity assessment of the antidepressant venlafaxine in embryos/larvae and adults of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220377. [PMID: 37695571 PMCID: PMC10494572 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of venlafaxine (VLX) on aquatic organisms have already been verified and therefore are a proven matter of concern. Herein, we evaluated zebrafish embryos/adults after acute exposure to VLX. Embryos/larvae were exposed to different concentrations of VLX (100-1000 mg/L; 1.33 as a dilution factor), to evaluate mortality/developmental changos and to analyze biomarkers (0.002-100 mg/L). For adults, mortality, genotoxicity, and biomarkers were assessed in five different concentrations of VLX (1-100 mg/L). The median lethal concentration (LC50-168h) was 274.1 mg/L for embryos/larvae, and >100 mg/L for adults (LC50-96h). VLX decreased the heart rate frequency and caused premature hatching and lack of equilibrium in embryos/larvae exposed to different concentrations ranging from 100 to 562.5 mg/L. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was inhibited in larvae exposed to 1, 25 and 100 mg/L. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was reduced in both larvae and adults after exposure to different concentrations, mainly at 25 mg/L. For both larvae and adults, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased after 100 mg/L of VLX exposure. No DNA damage was observed in peripheral erythrocytes. Exposure to VLX may cause adverse effects on zebrafish in their early and adult life stages, interfering with embryo-larval development, and can induce physiological disturbances in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Oliveira
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Fascineli
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Departamento de Morfologia (DMORF), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Paula Martins de Oliveira
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,
Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Alimentos e Cosméticos (LTMAC), Brasília,
DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,
Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Alimentos e Cosméticos (LTMAC), Brasília,
DF, Brazil
| | - Rolando André Rios Villacis
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Kević Dešić S, Viljetić B, Wagner J. Assessment of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Turpentine in Painters. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020530. [PMID: 36836885 PMCID: PMC9966049 DOI: 10.3390/life13020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Turpentine is a fluid used mainly as a solvent for thinning oil-based paints, obtained by distilling the resin of coniferous trees. Fine art painters use turpentine on a daily basis. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect of turpentine and to determine the lymphocyte proliferation index in the peripheral blood of individuals occupationally exposed to turpentine. For this purpose, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used to determine the total number of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), and nuclear buds (NBUD), as well as the cell proliferation index (CBPI) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the subjects. Twenty-two subjects exposed to turpentine daily through their work participated in the study and were compared to twenty subjects in the control group. The results showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei and other genotoxicity parameters, as well as significant cytotoxicity based on CBPI values. In addition, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of turpentine were found to be time-dependent, i.e., the deleterious effects of turpentine on genetic material increase with prolonged exposure. These results strongly suggest that exposure to turpentine vapors may affect genome stability and that occupational safety measures should be taken when using turpentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kević Dešić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Barbara Viljetić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (B.V.); (J.W.)
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (B.V.); (J.W.)
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Balali E, Davatgaran S, Sheikhi M, Shahab S, Kaviani S. Adsorption of doxepin drug on the surface of B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters: DFT and TD-DFT perspectives. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of Doxepin (DOX) drug on the surfaces of B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters was studied by using DFT and TD-DFT calculations at the B3PW91 method and 6–31 + G* basis set in the solvent (water). The adsorption effect of the DOX drug on the bond lengths, electronic properties, and dipole moment of the B12N12 and Al12N12 nanoclusters was studied. The change in λmax was assessed by an investigation of calculated UV spectra. NBO analysis displayed a charge transfer between DOX and two nanoclusters. The LOL and ELF values of the B–N bond are the greater than B–O, Al–O, and Al–N bonds, confirming stronger interaction between the boron atom of B12N12 nanocluster and the nitrogen atom of the DOX drug. It is found that the B12N12 nanocluster can be suitable as a drug carrier system for the delivery of DOX drug. The results of our study can be used to design a suitable carrier for the DOX drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Balali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Davatgaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Siyamak Shahab
- Belarusian State University, ISEI BSU, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
| | - Sadegh Kaviani
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Modeling and Computational Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Cobanoglu H. Assessment of genetic damage induced by gadolinium-based radiocontrast agents. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126914. [PMID: 34953388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, although gadolinium based contrast agents have been frequently used in the field of medicine, there is limited data available whether gadolinium based agents affect the genome. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of gadoteric acid and gadoversetamide used as gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was applied to human peripheral blood lymphocytes to assess the genotoxicity measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPBs) and nuclear bud (NBUDs) frequencies. Furthermore, cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) was calculated to determine cytostasis. Lymphocytes were treated with gadoteric acid at concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 25 mM and with gadoversetamide at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM for 48 h. RESULTS Gadoteric acid did not cause significant increase in MN, NBPs and NBUDs frequencies and CBPI values at any concentration. Gadoversetamide induced significantly increase MN formation at concentration of 2.5 mM, NBP formation at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.5 mM, and NBUD formation at concentrations of 0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 mM. Additionally, gadoversetamide exposure resulted in statistically significant decrease in CBPI values compared to the control at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM. In addition, CBPI levels in response to concentrations of gadoversetamide was negatively and significantly associated with concentration. CONCLUSION These findings show that gadoteric acid does not have genotoxic or cytotoxic potential, while gadoversetamide might have both genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. As a comparison, gadoversetamide was found more genotoxic and cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Cobanoglu
- Vocational College of Health Services, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Durnev AD, Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Kolik LG. [Genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs in experimental and clinical studies]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-16. [PMID: 36279223 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221221017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of experimental data on the study of the genotoxic activity of psychotropic drugs published over the past 25 years has been carried out. It has been shown that the information describing the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs is characterized by fragmentation, contradictions, and the conditions for their experimental production often do not meet modern requirements. Conclusions about the presence or absence of genotoxic properties can be made only for 9.6% 94 examined drugs. The need for a large-scale systematic reassessment of the genotoxicity of psychotropic drugs, especially drugs of the first generation, on the basis of modern methodology, including studies of mutagen-modifying activity, has been proven. The expediency of monitoring the genotoxic status of patients receiving psychotropic drugs is emphasized, which should contribute to an adequate assessment of the genotoxic risk of their use and objectification of approaches when choosing a drug for the safe therapy. The urgency of conducting research to determine the role of primary DNA damage in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses has been substantiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Durnev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Eremina
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L G Kolik
- Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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Çobanoğlu H, Belivermiş M, Sıkdokur E, Kılıç Ö, Çayır A. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129805. [PMID: 35534956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we need emerging initial data regarding how plastic exposures affect cellular and molecular components and how such interactions will be crucial for human health. We aimed to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of microplastic (MPs,10-45 μm, polyethylene) on human peripheral lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay, which is a comprehensive method to reveal a range of mechanisms, not only diseases but also response to environmental exposures. We measured micronucleation (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge formation (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also measured the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) to calculate cytostasis, which indicates cytotoxicity in lymphocytes treated with five different MPs concentrations for 48 h. Even lower concentrations of MPs increased the level of genomic instability. We found that the in vitro MP exposure significantly increased MN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies. Since we investigated the effect of larger particles relative to the lymphocytes, mechanic interaction of MPs with cells, the release of monomer and additives from MPs could be suggested as possible mechanisms accounting for increasing genomic instabilities. We did not observe a decrease in the cell proliferation index, indicating a lack of MPs' cytotoxic potential. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to identify MPs' genotoxic potential in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We suggested further studies to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of smaller plastics and the chronic effect of MP on the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Ahmadimanesh M, Abbaszadegan MR, Hedayati N, Yazdian-Robati R, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. A Systematic Review on the Genotoxic Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:115-124. [PMID: 33725349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder and a major public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a common disorder that has been associated with several medical comorbidities often linked with aging, such as dementia, type II diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as metabolic syndrome. There are a variety of medications available for depression treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the antidepressant drug classes that are most widely used to treat depressive disorders and depressive symptoms in other diseases. Due to many contradictory findings on the adverse effects and toxicities of SSRIs (especially genotoxicities), we reviewed the genotoxic effects of these drugs. Based on the guidelines proposed in the PRISMA statement, we performed a systematic review by searching international electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to find the published documents on SSRIs and their genotoxic effects from January 1990 to November 2019. After the removal of 203 duplicate articles, 385 articles were screened and 167 articles met the inclusion criteria and qualified for evaluation of their full texts. After this, 26 articles were appropriate for final review. This revealed that the proportion of genotoxicities was highest for citalopram and fluoxetine, with a smaller proportion for sertraline. Limited documentations showed genotoxic and partial genotoxic effects for paroxetine and escitalopram, respectively. Although a number of studies have found genotoxic effects of SSRIs, there are also some factors including doses, duration of exposure, model of experiments, and the type of technique assay that may affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Food and Drug Vice Presidency, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Hedayati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Mashhad, Iran.
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Solek P, Koszla O, Mytych J, Badura J, Chelminiak Z, Cuprys M, Fraczek J, Tabecka-Lonczynska A, Koziorowski M. Neuronal life or death linked to depression treatment: the interplay between drugs and their stress-related outcomes relate to single or combined drug therapies. Apoptosis 2020; 24:773-784. [PMID: 31278507 PMCID: PMC6711955 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious medical condition, typically treated by antidepressants. Conventional monotherapy can be effective only in 60–80% of patients, thus modern psychiatry deals with the challenge of new methods development. At the same moment, interactions between antidepressants and the occurrence of potential side effects raise serious concerns, which are even more exacerbated by the lack of relevant data on exact molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the aims of the study were to provide up-to-date information on the relative mechanisms of action of single antidepressants and their combinations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of single and combined antidepressants administration on mouse hippocampal neurons after 48 and 96 h in terms of cellular and biochemical features in vitro. We show for the first time that co-treatment with amitriptyline/imipramine + fluoxetine initiates in cells adaptation mechanisms which allow cells to adjust to stress and finally exerts less toxic events than in cells treated with single antidepressants. Antidepressants treatment induces in neuronal cells oxidative and nitrosative stress, which leads to micronuclei and double-strand DNA brakes formation. At this point, two different mechanistic events are initiated in cells treated with single and combined antidepressants. Single antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine or fluoxetine) activate cell cycle arrest resulting in proliferation inhibition. On the other hand, treatment with combined antidepressants (amitriptyline/imipramine + fluoxetine) initiates p16-dependent cell cycle arrest, overexpression of telomere maintenance proteins and finally restoration of proliferation. In conclusion, our findings may pave the way to better understanding of the stress-related effects on neurons associated with mono- and combined therapy with antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Solek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Oliwia Koszla
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.,Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Joanna Badura
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Zaneta Chelminiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cuprys
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Anna Tabecka-Lonczynska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
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In vitro genotoxicity assessment of monopotassium glutamate and magnesium diglutamate. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104780. [PMID: 31978514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food additives are approved chemicals used for various purposes in foods; to provide nutritional safety, increase flavor, extend shelf life, reduce nutrient losses etc. In this study, the in vitro genotoxic effects of flavor enhancers, Monopotassium glutamate (MPG) and Magnesium diglutamate (MDG) were investigated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by using chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt), and comet assays. Four concentrations of MPG (125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) and MDG (93.75, 187.5, 375, and 750 μg/mL) were used. Both food additives significantly reduced mitotic index and increased the frequency of CAs at high concentrations. MPG and MDG (except 93.75 μg/mL) significantly increased SCEs/Cell in concentration-dependent manner. In the CBMN-Cyt test, both MPG and MDG increased the formation of micronucleus, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. However, these increases were statistically significant at higher concentrations. MPG (at 500 and 1000 μg/mL) and MDG (except 93.75 μg/mL) significantly increased DNA damages observed by comet assay. It is concluded from these results that MPG and MDG have clastogenic, mutagenic, aneugenic, and cytotoxic effects, particularly at high concentrations in human lymphocytes in vitro.
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Ayabaktı S, Yavuz Kocaman A. Cytogenotoxic effects of venlafaxine hydrochloride on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:192-199. [PMID: 30025480 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1486410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential genotoxic effect of venlafaxine hydrochloride (venlafaxine), an antidepressant drug-active ingredient, was investigated by using in vitro chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Mitotic index (MI) and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxicity of this active drug. For this aim, the human PBLs were treated with 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml venlafaxine for 24 h and 48 h. The results of this study showed that venlafaxine significantly induced the formation of structural CA and MN for all concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) and treatment periods (24 h and 48 h) when compared with the negative and the solvent control (except 25 µg/ml at 48 h for MN). In addition, the increases in the percentage of structural CA and MN were concentration-dependent for both treatment times. With regard to cell cycle kinetics, venlafaxine significantly decreased the MI at all concentrations, and also CBPI at the higher concentrations for both treatment times as compared to the control groups. The present results indicate for the first time that venlafaxine had significant clastogenic and cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) in the human PBLs, in vitro; therefore, its excessive and careless use may pose a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ayabaktı
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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