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Leszczynski PJ, Lashkari S, Kruczek B. Revisiting the Effect of the Resistance to Gas Accumulation in Constant Volume Systems on the Membrane Time Lag. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:167. [PMID: 39195419 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14080167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The time-lag method is commonly used to determine membrane permeability, diffusivity and solubility in a single gas permeation experiment in a constant volume system. An unwritten assumption on which this method relies is that there is no resistance to gas accumulation in the downstream receiver of the system. However, this is not the case, even with the specially designed receiver used in this study when, in addition to tubing, the receiver utilizes an additional accumulation tank. The resistance to gas accumulation originates from a finite diffusivity (Knudsen diffusion) of gases in tubing, which are magnified by "resistance-free" accumulation tank(s). As a result of the resistance to gas accumulation, the time lag of the membrane is underestimated, which leads to an overestimation of gas diffusivity in the membrane. The experimentally predicted resistances in different configurations of the receiver, expressed by the difference in the time lag at two different receiver locations, were several times greater than the theoretically predicted values. A high molecular PPO membrane was used to demonstrate this effect. The time lags measured at different locations differed by as much as 30%. The diffusivity of nitrogen in a PPO of 4.04 × 10-12 m2/s determined at the optimum configuration of the receiver is at least 50% lower than the literature-reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jr Leszczynski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Boguslaw Kruczek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Jakubski Ł, Dudek G, Turczyn R. Applicability of Composite Magnetic Membranes in Separation Processes of Gaseous and Liquid Mixtures-A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:384. [PMID: 37103811 PMCID: PMC10142046 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have shown a growing interest in the application of membranes exhibiting magnetic properties in various separation processes. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of magnetic membranes that can be successfully applied for gas separation, pervaporation, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, adsorption, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. Based on the comparison of the efficiency of these separation processes using magnetic and non-magnetic membranes, it has been shown that magnetic particles used as fillers in polymer composite membranes can significantly improve the efficiency of separation of both gaseous and liquid mixtures. This observed separation enhancement is due to the variation of magnetic susceptibility of different molecules and distinct interactions with dispersed magnetic fillers. For gas separation, the most effective magnetic membrane consists of polyimide filled with MQFP-B particles, for which the separation factor (αrat O2/N2) increased by 211% when compared to the non-magnetic membrane. The same MQFP powder used as a filler in alginate membranes significantly improves water/ethanol separation via pervaporation, reaching a separation factor of 12,271.0. For other separation methods, poly(ethersulfone) nanofiltration membranes filled with ZnFe2O4@SiO2 demonstrated a more than four times increase in water flux when compared to the non-magnetic membranes for water desalination. The information gathered in this article can be used to further improve the separation efficiency of individual processes and to expand the application of magnetic membranes to other branches of industry. Furthermore, this review also highlights the need for further development and theoretical explanation of the role of magnetic forces in separation processes, as well as the potential for extending the concept of magnetic channels to other separation methods, such as pervaporation and ultrafiltration. This article provides valuable insights into the application of magnetic membranes and lays the groundwork for future research and development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jakubski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Dudek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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3
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On the limitation of the time-lag method for characterizing mixed-matrix membranes embedding filler particles of different permeability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Novel magnetic iron-nickel/poly(ethersulfone) mixed matrix membranes for oxygen separation potential without applying an external magnetic field. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13675. [PMID: 35953625 PMCID: PMC9372052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents novel magnetic mixed matrix poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes that combine the advantages of low-cost common PES polymer and low-cost iron–nickel magnetic alloys. Moreover, the presented magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes were fabricated and used without applying an external magnetic field during either the membrane casting or the separating process. The fabricated magnetic membranes were prepared using the phase inversion technique and N-methylpyrrolidone and N,N‐Dimethylformamide solvents mixture with volumetric ratio 1:9 and Lithium chloride as an additive. The used iron–nickel magnetic alloys were prepared by a simple chemical reduction method with unique morphologies (Fe10Ni90; starfish-like and Fe20Ni80; necklace-like). The fabricated membranes were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) imaging, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, static water contact angle, membrane thickness, surface roughness, membrane porosity, membrane tensile strength as well as Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis and oxygen transition rate (OTR) were determined. Moreover, the effect of alloy concentration and using Lithium chloride as an additive on the properties of the fabricated blank PES and magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes were studied. The presented novel magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes have high coercivity up to 106 (emu/g) with 3.61 × 10–5 cm3/cm2·s OTR compared to non-oxygen permeable blank PES membranes. The presented novel magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes have good potential in (oxygen) gas separation.
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Nikpour N, Montazer AH, Khayatian A. Magnetic field-induced improvement in O2/N2 gas separation applications of simultaneously co-casted superparamagnetic mixed matrix membranes. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effects of an Alternating Magnetic Field towards Dispersion of α-Fe 2O 3/TiO 2 Magnetic Filler in PPO dm Polymer for CO 2/CH 4 Gas Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080641. [PMID: 34436404 PMCID: PMC8401501 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic-field-induced dispersion of magnetic fillers has been proven to improve the gas separation performance of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). However, the magnetic field induced is usually in a horizontal or vertical direction. Limited study has been conducted on the effects of alternating magnetic field (AMF) direction towards the dispersion of particles. Thus, this work focuses on the incorporation and dispersion of ferromagnetic iron oxide-titanium (IV) dioxide (αFe2O3/TiO2) particles in a poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) oxide (PPOdm) membrane via an AMF to investigate its effect on the magnetic filler dispersion and correlation towards gas separation performance. The fillers were incorporated into PPOdm polymer via a spin-coating method at a 1, 3, and 5 wt% filler loading. The MMM with the 3 wt% loading showed the best performance in terms of particle dispersion and gas separation performance. The three MMMs were refabricated in an alternating magnetic field, and the MMM with the 3 wt% loading presented the best performance. The results display an increment in selectivity by 100% and a decrement in CO2 permeability by 97% to an unmagnetized MMM for the 3 wt% loading. The degree of filler dispersion was quantified and measured using Area Disorder of Delaunay Triangulation mapped onto the filler on binarized MMM images. The results indicate that the magnetized MMM presents a greater degree of dispersion than the unmagnetized MMM.
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Raveshiyan S, Karimi-Sabet J, Hosseini SS. Influence of Particle Size on the Performance of Polysulfone Magnetic Membranes for O
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Separation. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Raveshiyan
- Tarbiat Modares University Membrane Science and Technology Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering Jalal-Ale-Ahmad 14115-111 Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Karimi-Sabet
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI) Material and Nuclear Fuel Research School (MNFRS) North kargar 14155-1339 Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Saeid Hosseini
- Tarbiat Modares University Membrane Science and Technology Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering Jalal-Ale-Ahmad 14115-111 Tehran Iran
- University of South Africa Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit College of Science, Engineering and Technology 1709 Johannesburg South Africa
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Enhanced selectivity of O2/N2 gases in co-casted mixed matrix membranes filled with BaFe12O19 nanoparticles. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tyan NS, Polotskaya GA, Meleshko TK, Yakimansky AV, Pientka Z. Influence of the Molecular Polyimide Brush on the Gas Separation Properties of Polyphenylene Oxide. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427219030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Riasat Harami H, Riazi Fini F, Rezakazemi M, Shirazian S. Sorption in mixed matrix membranes: Experimental and molecular dynamic simulation and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dudek G, Krasowska M, Turczyn R, Strzelewicz A, Djurado D, Pouget S. Clustering analysis for pervaporation performance assessment of alginate hybrid membranes in dehydration of ethanol. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Modeling of Gas Permeation through Mixed-Matrix Membranes Using Novel Computer Application MOT. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The following article proposes a modern computer application MOT (Membrane Optimization Tool) for modeling of gas transport processes through mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). The current version of the application is based on the Maxwell model, which can be successfully used to model gas transport through the simplest types of hybrid membranes without any defects. The application has been verified on the example of four types of hybrid membranes, consisting of various types of polymer matrix, such as: poly (vinyl acetate), 2, 2′-BAPB + BPADA, Ultem, hyperbranched polyimide (ODPA-MTA) and zeolite 4A. The average absolute relative error (AARE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were calculated in order to compare the theoretical MOT-predicted results with the experimental results. It was found that the AARE ranges from 29% to 36%, while the RMSE is in the range of 10% to 29%. The article presents also the comparison of MOT-predicted data obtained with Maxwell and Bruggeman models. To obtain more accurate reproduction of experimental results, further versions of the proposed application will be extended with next-generation permeation models (Lewis–Nielsen, Pal, modified Maxwell or Felske models), allowing for the description of transport in more complex systems with the possibility of taking into account possible defects.
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Upadhyaya L, Semsarilar M, Quémener D, Fernández-Pacheco R, Martinez G, Mallada R, Coelhoso IM, Portugal CA, Crespo JG. Block copolymer based novel magnetic mixed matrix membranes-magnetic modulation of water permeation by irreversible structural changes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gholami M, Mohammadi T, Mosleh S, Hemmati M. CO2/CH4 separation using mixed matrix membrane-based polyurethane incorporated with ZIF-8 nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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