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Zhu B, Qiu H, Ma C, Chen S, Zhu J, Tong S. Recent progress on chiral extractants for enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464389. [PMID: 37741223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for enantiopure compounds increases, chiral separation has become increasingly important in many fields. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is an up-and-coming technology for enantiomeric separation because it is highly efficient and easy to be scaled up. The key factor for enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is the development of novel chiral extractants with high enantiorecognition performance. With successful studies on catalytically active metal complexes as chiral extractants, novel chiral extractants can be screened and designed from the field of asymmetric catalysis. Chiral ionic liquids, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrins bonded magnetic nanoparticles and 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,1'-spirobi[indene]-7,7'-diol (SPINOL) based phosphoric acid host show unique potential ability in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and they deserve further study. Brief principles, extraction equipment and solvent systems in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction are presented in the present paper, and recent progress in development of new chiral extractants in the past decade is mainly reviewed, including metal complexes, cyclodextrins, ionic liquids, tartrate acids and crown ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Chenlei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China.
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2
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A Neglected Issue: Stationary Phase Retention Determination of Classic High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Solvent Systems. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining an ideal solvent system for target compounds is still an obstacle to the wide application of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The partition coefficient and retention of the stationary phase are two key parameters for solvent system selection. The retention of the stationary phase of the solvent system is roughly judged by settling time using a test tube, which is subjective and inaccurate. In this study, we demonstrated that high-resolution separation of HSCCC is tightly connected with the retention of the stationary phase. Notably, unlike the in vitro test of settling time, we investigated the retention of the stationary phase of classical biphasic solvent systems by a TBE300C HSCCC apparatus. Our results revealed that settling time is not always inversely proportional to the retention of the stationary phase. The n-hexane–ethylacetate–methanol–water solvent systems showed the highest correlation coefficient of settling time and retention of the stationary phase (r = −0.91, n = 16). N-heptane–n-butanol–acetonitrile–water solvent system showed the lowest correlation coefficient (r = −0.26, n = 7). These results may be helpful for HSCCC solvent system selection and accelerate the application of this technique.
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Recent Advances on Chiral Mobile Phase Additives: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun W, Bao H, Qian J, Tong S. Enantioseparation of ondansetron by countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:922-930. [PMID: 33284511 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ondansetron, a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, was successfully enantioseparated by recycling countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. Important factors for the enantioseparation were optimized, including different organic solvent, type of substituted β-cyclodextrin, pH of aqueous phase, concentration of chiral selector, and separation temperature. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane: n-butyl acetate: 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution pH 9.2 with 50 mmol/L of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (2.5:7.5:10, v/v/v) was selected. Under optimized separation conditions, 5 mg of ondansetron was enantioseparated using recycling countercurrent chromatography, yielding 1.2 and 1.5 mg of ondansetron enantiomers with 97.5 and 95.8% purity and the recovery reached 48-60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Wang X, Liu C, Ma QY, Tian ZH, Jiang HQ, Lv QT, Rong R. A rapid and practical prediction method for the Arizona solvent system family used in high speed countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461426. [PMID: 32858452 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selecting the appropriate solvent system is the key to the successful separation of samples by using countercurrent chromatography. Although high-speed countercurrent chromatography has been widely used in the separation and preparation of natural products, the selection of a solvent system has always been a stumbling block to the application of high-speed countercurrent chromatography. In order to explore a rapid and practical prediction method to select countercurrent chromatography solvent system, five linear prediction models of the Arizona solvent system family (HEMW) was established by using fourteen compounds with different structures and five HPLC columns of different brands. And two different solvent system selection methods (The partition coefficient K of the target compound in the solvent system was in the range of 0.25 < K < 2.5) were proposed for targeted separation of compounds and multi-component separation in a complex sample respectively. The appropriate HSCCC solvent system of five known compounds was determined by a HPLC analysis and a shake flask test and the appropriate HSCCC solvent system of two Chinese herbal extracts was determined by a HPLC analysis to verify the prediction method. In this study, solid-liquid partition chromatography (HPLC) and liquid-liquid partition chromatography (HSCCC) were linked by polarity to simplify the screening process of solvent system. This method reduced the difficulty and workload of solvent system selection, which provided methods and ideas for more solvent system prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Qing-Yun Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Tian
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Jiang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Qing-Tao Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China.
| | - Rong Rong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China.
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Duan WD, Huang XY, Di DL. Chiral counter-current chromatography: A survey of its instrument, mechanism, procedure, and applications. Chirality 2020; 32:1264-1283. [PMID: 32692440 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation by counter-current chromatography has made great progress in the past three decades. It has become increasingly popular in the field of chiral separation, and many applications have been introduced during the last years. This review mainly focuses on the current topics, applications, and trends in chiral separation by counter-current chromatography. It contains the development of modern counter-current chromatography apparatus, theory of counter-current chromatography, overview of applications of chiral counter-current chromatography enantioseparation, its current situation, and challenges. At last, some conclusions and perspectives also have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Pinto MM, Fernandes C, Tiritan ME. Chiral Separations in Preparative Scale: A Medicinal Chemistry Point of View. Molecules 2020; 25:E1931. [PMID: 32326326 PMCID: PMC7221958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation is a key step in the development of a new chiral drug. Preparative liquid chromatography (LC) continues to be the technique of choice either during the drug discovery process, to achieve a few milligrams, or to a scale-up during the clinical trial, needing kilograms of material. However, in the last few years, instrumental and technical developments allowed an exponential increase of preparative enantioseparation using other techniques. Besides LC, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and counter-current chromatography (CCC) have aroused interest for preparative chiral separation. This overview will highlight the importance to scale-up chiral separations in Medicinal Chemistry, especially in the early stages of the pipeline of drugs discovery and development. Few examples within different methodologies will be selected, emphasizing the trends in chiral preparative separation. The advantages and drawbacks will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena M.M. Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria E. Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Qiu X, Sun W, Wang C, Yan J, Tong S. Enantioseparation of acetyltropic acid by countercurrent chromatography with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:681-688. [PMID: 31714009 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetyltropic acid is an important synthetic intermediate for preparation of tropane alkaloid derivatives, which can be used as anticholinergic drugs, deliriants, and stimulants. In the present work, acetyltropic acid was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-butyl acetate/n-hexane/0.1 mol/L citrate buffer at pH = 2.2 containing 0.1 mol/L of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (7:3:10, v/v) was selected, which produced a suitable distribution ratio DS = 1.14, DR = 2.31 and a high enantioseparation factor α = 2.03. Baseline separation was achieved for preparative enantioseparation of 50 mg of racemic acetyltropic acid. A method for chiral analysis of acetyltropic acid by conventional reverse phase liquid chromatography with hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive was established, and formation constants of inclusion complex were determined. It was found that different substituted β-cyclodextrin should be selected for enantioseparation of acetyltropic acid by countercurrent chromatography and reverse phase liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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9
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Wu D, Pan F, Tan W, Gao L, Tao Y, Kong Y. Recent progress of enantioseparation under scale production (2014–2019). J Sep Sci 2019; 43:337-347. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Tan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Large Plastic Parts Intelligence ManufacturingChangzhou College of Information Technology Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and TechnologySchool of Petrochemical EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou P. R. China
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