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Zullig KJ, Valois RF, Hobbs GR, Kerr JC, Romer D, Carey MP, Brown LK, DiClemente RJ, Vanable PA. Can a Multilevel STI/HIV Prevention Strategy for High Risk African American Adolescents Improve Life Satisfaction? JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2020; 21:417-436. [PMID: 33828410 PMCID: PMC8023228 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Addressing adolescent sexual risk behaviors in the STI/HIV prevention literature is well documented; however, impacts from interventions on life satisfaction are relatively unexplored. This study examined data (n = 1658) from a randomized, multi-site, multi-level STI/HIV prevention intervention trial (Project iMPAACS) to determine whether increased protective and reduced sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with STI/HIV would also improve self-reported life satisfaction. Taking into account the nested study design and controlling for confounders, a mixed model ANOVA was performed where Total mean life satisfaction scores were analyzed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-recruitment. Significance levels of 0.05 were used to determine significance and η 2 was used to assess effect size. We hypothesized that as intervention participants engaged in the intentional activity associated with increasing protective behaviors and reducing sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with STI/HIV, life satisfaction reports would also improve over the course of the intervention. A significant main effect for sex was detected (F = 5.19, p = .02, η 2 = .03), along with three interactions: between experimental condition and media intervention (F = 7.96, p = .005, η 2= .04); experimental condition, sex, and media intervention (F = 6.51, p = .01, η 2 = .04); and experimental condition, sex, assessment point, and media intervention (F = 3.23, p = .01, η 2 = .02). With the exception of the control condition, female life satisfaction reports improved from baseline assessments to 18-months post-recruitment, whereas male reports decreased. Project iMPPACS was not designed with the intent on improving participants' life satisfaction. However, study results suggest incorporating strategies to address subjective well-being into future adolescent STI/HIV risk-reduction interventions is beneficial for females and additional research is necessary for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Zullig
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9190-26506, USA
| | - Robert F Valois
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gerald R Hobbs
- Department of Statistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jelani C Kerr
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Public Policy Center, Annenberg School for Communication, Adolescent Communication Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- The Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Larry K Brown
- The Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Peter A Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Valois RF, Kerr JC, Hennessy M, DiClemente RJ, Brown LK, Carey MP, Vanable PA, Farber NB, Salazar LF, Romer D. Perceived Difficulty of Performing Selected HIV/AIDS Preventive Behaviors and Life Satisfaction: Is there a Relationship for African American Adolescents? AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1288-97. [PMID: 25227680 PMCID: PMC4363292 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between adolescent health risk behaviors, sexual risk behaviors in particular, and perceived life satisfaction is emerging. Some researchers suggest that life satisfaction has been a neglected component of adolescent health research. African American adolescents aged 13-18 (n = 1,658) from four matched, mid-sized cities in the northeastern and southeastern USA, completed a self-report questionnaire via Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview. Analyses were conducted to examine relationships between perceived difficulty in performing HIV/AIDS preventive behavior and perceived life satisfaction, while controlling for socioeconomic status. Results suggest that perceived life satisfaction is related to perceived difficulty in performing HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors, for both males and females, with variability in the magnitude of associations by gender. Further research is necessary to identify the particular characteristics of youth and specific aspects of adolescent life satisfaction associated with perceived difficulty in performing HIV/AIDS preventive behavior to develop gender-appropriate and culturally-sensitive quality of life/health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Valois
- Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Family & Preventive Medicine, Schools of Public, Health and Medicine, University of South Carolina, 915 Green Street, Discovery 1 Building, Room 534, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA,
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Woody JD, Russel R, D'Souza HJ, Woody JK. Adolescent Non-Coital Sexual Activity: Comparisons of Virgins and Non-Virgins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01614576.2000.11074359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Valois RF, Zullig KJ, Young M, Kammermann SK. Changing Health Behavior in Youth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2010.10598854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Valois
- a Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC
| | - Keith J. Zullig
- b Department of Community Medicine School of Medicine , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV
| | - Michael Young
- c Department of Health Science, College of Health & Social Sciences , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces , NM
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Stulhofer A, Graham C, Bozicević I, Kufrin K, Ajduković D. An assessment of HIV/STI vulnerability and related sexual risk-taking in a nationally representative sample of young Croatian adults. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2009; 38:209-225. [PMID: 17922182 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-007-9234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent increase in the number of HIV infections in Central and Eastern Europe, patterns of sexual behavior have not been extensively researched, particularly among young people. The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of HIV/AIDS-related vulnerability and sexual risk-taking among young adults in Croatia. Data were collected in 2005 using a nationally representative, multi-stage stratified probability sample (n = 1,093) of women and men aged 18-24 years. The focus in this article was on predictors of sexual risk-taking measured by a composite risky sexual behaviors scale. Using hierarchical regression models, we analyzed gendered effects of community, family, peer group, and individual level factors. For both men and women, peer pressure, sensation seeking, personal risk-assessment, behavioral intention, condom use at first sexual intercourse, and sexual victimization were significant predictors of sexual risk-taking behaviors. A number of predictors were gender-specific: sexual assertiveness and condom self-efficacy for women and parental monitoring, traditional morality, HIV knowledge, and talking about sex with partner for men. Documenting substantial prevalence of potentially risky sexual behaviors among young people in Croatia, the findings call for prevention and intervention efforts that should focus on individual capacity building for responsible sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stulhofer
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, University of Zagreb, I. Lucića 3, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
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Merrill LL, Guimond JM, Thomsen CJ, Milner JS. Child Sexual Abuse and Number of Sexual Partners in Young Women: The Role of Abuse Severity, Coping Style, and Sexual Functioning. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71:987-96. [PMID: 14622074 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.71.6.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors proposed and tested a model describing distinct pathways through which childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may lead to relatively low or high numbers of sexual partners in adulthood. Path analyses were conducted on survey responses of young female US Navy recruits who reported CSA (N=547). Use of avoidant strategies to cope with CSA was expected to produce higher levels of sexual problems and fewer heterosexual sex partners, whereas use of self-destructive coping strategies was expected to result in more dysfunctional sexual behavior and more heterosexual sex partners. As predicted, the effect of CSA on number of sex partners was largely mediated by coping strategies and dysfunctional sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex L Merrill
- Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 92186-5122, USA.
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Rostosky SS, Regnerus MD, Wright MLC. Coital debut: the role of religiosity and sex attitudes in the Add Health Survey. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2003; 40:358-367. [PMID: 14735410 DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent reviews suggest that religiosity is associated with the delay of adolescent coital debut (Rostosky, Wilcox, Wright, Randall, in press; Wilcox, Rostosky, Randall, Wright, 2001). Few studies, however, have examined this association using longitudinal data to test theoretically driven models. We analyzed data from 3,691 adolescents (ages 15-21), testing the hypothesis that adolescent religiosity and sex attitudes (at Wave 1) predict later coital debut (at Wave 2) and that these predictive relationships vary by gender. Findings indicated that beyond demographic factors and number of romantic partners, religiosity reduced the likelihood of coital debut for both males and females. After accounting for the effects of religiosity, anticipation of negative emotions after coital debut (sex attitude factor 1) further reduced its likelihood for females and males. Finally, adolescent girls - but not boys - who anticipated positive emotions following sexual intercourse (sex attitude factor 2) were more likely to debut. While virginity pledge status was associated with coital debut for boys and girls, more conservative beliefs about sex appeared to mediate its effect. Finally, a significant interaction between race and religiosity indicated that African American adolescent males who had either signed a virginity pledge or were more religious were significantly more likely to debut than both White non-Hispanic males and African American males who were less religious and/or who had not signed a pledge. The implications of these results for adolescent pregnancy prevention programming are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Scales Rostosky
- Department of Counseling Psychology, 245 Dickey Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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