1
|
Hu Q, Yin F, Yang L, Li B, Lei G, Wang C, Yin Y, Liu D. Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the carcass traits, organ indices, and blood biomarker profiles in broilers under the isocaloric diets administration. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102061. [PMID: 36055018 PMCID: PMC9449853 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of dietary tributyrin (TB) intervention on carcass traits, visceral and immune organ indices, and blood biomarker profiles in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers under the isocaloric diets administration. A total of 432-day-old healthy AA broiler chickens were assigned to 4 treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment and 9 birds per cage, for 42 d. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with a TB product (Eucalorie) at doses of 0.50 g/kg (TB1), 1.0 g/kg (TB2), and 2.0 g/kg (TB3). The results showed that dietary TB treatment quadratically improved the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in the second (22–42 d) and overall (0–42 d) feeding periods (P < 0.05) while decreasing the feed conversion ratio in the second feeding period (P < 0.05). Dietary TB treatment improved the carcass traits, as evidenced by a higher eviscerated carcass rate and lower abdominal fat yield than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The breast meat yield rate was quadratically improved in response to dietary TB administration (P < 0.05). Dietary TB treatment improved the kidney, spleen, thymus, and bursa indices (P < 0.05) and reduced the lung indices compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). In particular, the spleen and thymus indices were improved quadratically in response to dietary TB administration (P < 0.05). Dietary TB treatment improved the white and red blood cell counts, platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit at d 21, and platelet count at d 42 (P < 0.05), with those in the TB3 group being most affected. Dietary TB administration quadratically decreased the plasma content of uric acid at both d 21 and d 42 as well as that of creatine kinase at d 42 (P < 0.05), while it quadratically increased the plasma albumin/globulin ratio at both d 21 and d 42 (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that dietary TB intervention improved the growth performance, carcass traits, selected visceral and immune organ indices, and some blood biochemical markers under the isocaloric diets administration, which may facilitate better economic profit returns in poultry industry application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunbing Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410125, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Fugui Yin
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Baocheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Gang Lei
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410125, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Establishment of normal reference intervals in serum biochemical parameters of domestic sows in Korea. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
3
|
Sońta M, Batorska M, Więcek J, Rekiel A. Performance Results and Concentrations of Biochemical Indices and Mineral Elements in Blood Serum of Fatteners Fed Diets Containing Mixtures of Raw Seeds of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) or Blue Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E858. [PMID: 32429140 PMCID: PMC7278428 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted with fatteners (♀ (Landrace × Yorkshire) × ♂ duroc), 50 animals each (10 pigs per group). The fatteners from the control group (C) were administered feed mixtures with genetically modified soybean meal (SBM-GM) used as the only protein source; whereas these from experimental groups (E1-E4) received feed mixtures in which the SBM-GM was replaced with increasing amounts of raw seeds of pea (Experiment I) or blue lupin (Experiment II): E1-5.0%, E2-10.0%, E3-15.0%, and E4-17.5%. Once the fattening period was completed, production results were determined, and selected blood serum indices were assayed to establish the effect of the nutritional factor on body homeostasis and health status of the animals. Pigs from all groups revealed a similar growth rate and meatiness (p > 0.05). In Experiment I serum analyses showed lower (p < 0.001) concentrations of: cholesterol in E1, E3 and E4; creatinine in E1 and E4 and urea in E3 and E4, compared to the C. In Experiment II, lower (p < 0.001) concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, total protein, and Mg were determined in the serum of fatteners from E1-E4 compared to the C. Even though values of all analyzed blood markers differed among the groups, in most cases they fitted within reference values for the species, which indicates the maintenance of body homeostasis. Study results show that there are no contraindications to the use of pea and blue lupin seeds as alternative feed materials to SBM-GM in pig fattening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Batorska
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (J.W.); (A.R.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Tributyrin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Insulin, Blood Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040726. [PMID: 32331306 PMCID: PMC7222802 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In animal farming, alternatives to antibiotics are required due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance. In this contest, tributyrin showed the ability to promote gut health, to modulate gut microbiota and to improve protein digestibility, leading also to higher growth performance. However, although the mode of action of tributyrin on the intestinal epithelial cells has been partially explained, its effects on lipid and protein metabolism needs to be investigated. This paper provides information about the influence of tributyrin on production traits, blood parameters, faecal microbiota and faecal protein excretion in weaned piglets. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation on the production traits, the main metabolic parameters and gut microbiota in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets (Large White × Landrace) were randomly divided into two experimental groups (six pens each; 10 piglets per pen): the control group (CTRL), that received a basal diet, and the tributyrin group (TRIB) that received the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% tributyrin. The experimental period lasted 40 days. Production traits were measured at days 14, 28 and 40. A subset composed of 48 animals (n = 4 for each pen; n = 24 per group) was considered for the evaluation of serum metabolic parameters and hair cortisol by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and faecal microbiota by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that the treatment significantly increased body weight (BW) at day 28 and day 40 (p = 0.0279 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and average daily gain (ADG) from day 28 to day 40 (p = 0.046). Gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly higher throughout the experimental period (p = 0.049). Even if the serum parameters were in the physiological range, albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, glucose and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) fraction were significantly higher in the TRIB group. On the contrary, tributyrin significantly decreased the urea blood concentration (p = 0.0026), which was correlated with lean gain and feed efficiency. Moreover, serum insulin concentration, which has a regulatory effect on protein and lipid metabolism, was significantly higher in the TRIB group (p = 0.0187). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that tributyrin can be considered as a valid feed additive for weaned piglets.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhattarai S, Framstad T, Nielsen JP. Iron treatment of pregnant sows in a Danish herd without iron deficiency anemia did not improve sow and piglet hematology or stillbirth rate. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:60. [PMID: 31818315 PMCID: PMC6902466 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia characterized by low hemoglobin concentration (HbC) is common in indoor housed pregnant sows. Iron is essential for hemoglobin synthesis and a number of metabolic processes including DNA synthesis and regulation of enzyme systems. In sows, anemia has been linked to lower HbC in piglets and increased occurrence of stillbirths. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron injection on hematology of pregnant sows and their offspring. Other objectives were to evaluate the effect of this injection on the probability of stillbirths and to study the tolerability of injected iron. Results A sow herd with bi-weekly batch farrowing was selected for the study and 100 sows at mid-gestation were randomly assigned to either a treatment (FeT) or a control (FeC) group. At the time of recruitment to the study (baseline), 46% of the sows in the herd were anemic with a HbC less than 103 g/L. However, none of the anemic sows had iron deficiency anemia on erythrocyte characterization. HbC decreased numerically during gestation in both the FeT (− 2.48 g/L) and FeC (− 2.99 g/L) groups but the decrease was insignificant between the groups (P = 0.79). Likewise, the change from baseline to farrowing and from baseline to post-farrowing in other hematologic variables was similar for both groups. The percentage of transferrin saturation was not statistically different between groups (P = 0.14). There was a batch effect (week of breeding) in most of the hematologic variables. The probability of stillbirth in the two groups did not differ (P = 0.94). None of the hematologic variables in piglets was significantly different between the two groups. The sows tolerated the iron injection well. Conclusions Intramuscular injection of two doses of 2500 mg iron 2 weeks apart at mid-gestation did neither change hematologic variables in sows nor in the piglets at farrowing. Similarly, iron treatment did not reduce the probability of stillbirths among the offspring. The sows recruited in this study tolerated the iron injections well. Further characterization of erythrocytes did not support that sows had iron deficiency anemia at baseline. Therefore, further studies on animals with well-defined anemia and with focus on the iron regulating hormone hepcidin are recommended.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mercado-Shekhar KP, Su H, Kalaikadal DS, Lorenz JN, Manglik RM, Holland CK, Redington AN, Haworth KJ. Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:114-124. [PMID: 31101245 PMCID: PMC6659737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been shown to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a fluid. The goals of this study were three-fold: 1) to determine the ADV pressure amplitude threshold in fluids that had physiologically relevant values for surface tension, protein concentration, and viscosity; 2) to assess whether these parameters and fluid mixing affect ADV-mediated PO2 reduction; and 3) to assess the feasibility of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in plasma and whole blood. In vitro ADV experiments were conducted using perfluoropentane droplets (number density: 5 × 106 ± 0.2 × 106/mL) dispersed in fluids (saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions, porcine plasma, or porcine whole blood) that had a physiological range of surface tensions (62-68 mN/m), protein concentrations (0 and 68.7 mg/mL), and viscosities (0.7-4 cP). Droplets were exposed to pulsed ultrasound (5 MHz, 4.25 MPa peak negative pressure) while passing through a 37 °C flow system with inline PO2 sensors. In select experiments, the fluid also passed through mixing channels after ultrasound exposure. Our results revealed that the ADV pressure thresholds were the same for all fluids. Surface tension and protein concentration had no effect on PO2 reduction. Increasing viscosity attenuated PO2 reduction. However, the attenuated effect was absent after fluid mixing. Furthermore, ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in whole blood (30.8 ± 3.2 mmHg) was less than that in a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (40.2 ± 2.1 mmHg) with equal viscosity. These findings should be considered when planning clinical studies of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction and other biomedical applications of ADV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haili Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Deepak S Kalaikadal
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raj M Manglik
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stader C, Judas M, Jira W. A rapid UHPLC-MS/MS screening method for the detection of the addition of porcine blood plasma to emulsion-type pork sausages. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6697-6709. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Čížková J, Erbanová M, Sochor J, Jindrová A, Strnadová K, Horák V. Relationship between haematological profile and progression or spontaneous regression of melanoma in the Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs. Vet J 2019; 249:1-9. [PMID: 31239158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Haematological parameters, plasma iron concentration, and bodyweight were monitored in Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs (MeLiM) from 5 to 18 weeks old. Animals with melanoma progression (P group) and spontaneous regression (SR group) were compared. The P group showed the lowest median values of red blood cell counts (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), and bodyweight, whereas the control white (tumour-free) pigs (C group) revealed the highest mean values of these parameters. The mean values of pigs with SR fell between the P and C groups. In addition, a stable concentration of plasma iron was found in the C group, while iron deficiency that increases with age was observed in the MeLiM groups. These results indicate that MeLiM are affected by cancer-related microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The lowest values of HGB, RBC, and HCT, together with the highest number of platelets (PLT) in the P group correspond to melanoma progression. Higher values of these parameters and lower PLT in the MeLiM pigs with SR reflected health improvement due to the destruction of melanoma cells during spontaneous regression. Monitoring of these haematological parameters can help distinguish MeLiM piglets with progression and spontaneous regression of melanoma in the early stages of postnatal development. The findings of this study correspond to findings in human patients in which cancer-related anaemia, thrombocytosis, and iron deficiency are often diagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Čížková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics,v.v.i., Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, and Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Rumburska 89, CZ-277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Kamycka 129, CZ-165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Erbanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics,v.v.i., Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, and Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Rumburska 89, CZ-277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - J Sochor
- Mendel University in Brno, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Valticka 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Jindrová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Statistics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Strnadová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics,v.v.i., Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, and Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Rumburska 89, CZ-277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Kamycka 129, CZ-165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Horák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics,v.v.i., Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses, and Laboratory of Tumour Biology, Rumburska 89, CZ-277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dalmau A, Borges TD, de Mercado E, González J, Juan AMS, Huerta-Jiménez M, Gómez-Izquierdo E, Lizardo R, Pallisera J, Borrisser-Pairó F, Esteve-Garcia E, Panella-Riera N, Ovejero I. Effect of environmental temperature, floor type and breed on skatole and indole concentrations in fat of females, immuno-castrated and entire males. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Abeni F, Petrera F, Dal Prà A, Rapetti L, Crovetto GM, Galassi G. Blood parameters in fattening pigs from two genetic types fed diet with three different protein concentrations. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 2:372-382. [PMID: 32704720 PMCID: PMC7200405 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate possible differences between two genetic groups (GG) of pigs, fed diets varying in dietary CP level, in hematological and biochemical plasma profiles. The study was carried out in an experimental farm and involved 36 barrows (average BW 129 ± 11 kg) from two GG: group A (18 Italian Duroc boars × Italian Large White sows) and group D (18 DanBred Duroc), fed three experimental diets: a conventional diet and two low-protein diets (LP1 and LP2). A digestibility/balances trial was carried out on 12 pigs A and 12 pigs D that were housed individually in metabolic cages during four digestibility/balances periods. The experimental design was a factorial design, with 3 diets × 2 GG × 4 periods. The experiment lasted 56 d. Blood was sampled from jugular vein in the morning before feed distribution from all barrows in pens at the start and the end of the experimental period; a supplementary blood sample was collected from the 24 pigs at the end of the four digestibility periods (six pigs per period). Blood was analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters and serum protein profile using automated analyzers. The GG D showed lower white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte, and monocyte counts than A group. The GG affected several plasma metabolite concentrations: triglycerides, creatinine, Cl, Fe, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities were higher in D groups, while urea, albumin, Ca, Na, total bilirubin, and albumin as percentage of total protein were lower than A group. On the contrary, the dietary protein level neither affects WBC nor their populations; only a trend was reported for erythrocytes (red blood cell) and platelets. The diet affected only plasma urea and total bilirubin concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Abeni
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Lodi, Italy
- Corresponding author:
| | - Francesca Petrera
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Lodi, Italy
| | - Aldo Dal Prà
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Rapetti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni Matteo Crovetto
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pawlowsky K, Ernst L, Steitz J, Stopinski T, Kögel B, Henger A, Kluge R, Tolba R. The Aachen Minipig: Phenotype, Genotype, Hematological and Biochemical Characterization, and Comparison to the Göttingen Minipig. Eur Surg Res 2017; 58:193-203. [PMID: 28433992 DOI: 10.1159/000471483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pig is one of the most frequently used large animal models for biomedical research, especially in the field of translational research and surgical models. While standard livestock breeds are used in short-term and acute studies, minipig breeds are the preferred breeds in long-term and chronic studies due to their limited growth and body weight. OBJECTIVE In consideration of the 3R principle (refinement, reduction, replacement) and the increasing demand, the aim of this study was to generate a new, robust, non-specific-pathogen-free minipig breed, the Aachen minipig. METHODS Phenotype, genotype, and hematological as well as clinical chemistry parameters were characterized, and reference values of the Aachen minipig were generated and compared to the values in the commonly used Göttingen minipig. Organ weights of the heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and brain were determined using a laboratory balance. Blood samples were collected for hematology and clinical chemistry. Assessment of genetic diversity was performed by microsatellite markers. Nasal swabs were collected from 11 individual minipigs representing 6 races for DNA extraction. DNA was quantified and the identity and origin of the Aachen minipigs at the genomic level was determined by microsatellites. RESULTS The Aachen minipig established here is based on the Mini-LEWE breed and consists of the Vietnamese potbelly pig, the Schwäbisch Hällisch Landpig, the German Landrace, and the Minnesota minipig. Relative organ weights (lung, heart, kidneys, brain), hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils), and clinical chemistry parameters (sodium, calcium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, creatine kinase) of the Aachen minipigs and the Göttingen minipigs were not significantly different. Significant differences where only seen in relative organ weights (liver, spleen), hematology (red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cell count, banded neutrophils, monocytes), and clinical chemistry parameters (inorganic phosphorus, potassium, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, amylase). CONCLUSION The Aachen minipig is a suitable model for research due to its similarity to other minipig breeds, especially the Göttingen minipig. The reference values established in this study may be used for the comparison of scientific data and encourage the use of the Aachen minipig as an animal model for biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Pawlowsky
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sutherland MA, Erlandson K, Connor JF, Salak-Johnson JL, Matzat P, Smith JF, McGlone JJ. Health of non-ambulatory, non-injured pigs at processing. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Banga-Mboko H, Tamboura H, Maes D, Traoré H, Youssao I, Sangild PT, El Amiri B, Bayala B, Remy B, Beckers JF. Survey of gastric lesions and blood pepsinogen levels in pigs in Burkina Faso. Vet Res Commun 2004; 27:595-602. [PMID: 14672448 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027368311808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of gastric lesions and to provide diagnostic values for serum pepsinogen in non-infected pigs and in pigs with gastric disease. In an abattoir survey, the pepsinogen concentrations were measured in the serum from 62 non-infected pigs, 33 pigs with gastric lesions and 17 pigs infected with Hyostrongylus rubidus, using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mean (+/- SE) pepsinogen concentrations in the serum of non-infected pigs, in pigs with gastric ulcers, and in pigs with a heavy H. rubidus infection were 630.8 +/- 39.2 ng/ml, 1084.5 +/- 166.2 ng/ml and 1095.2 +/- 102.3 ng/ml, respectively (p<0.05). Because of the higher concentrations of pepsinogen in the blood of pigs with gastric ulcers or parasitic infections, it is suggested that the measurement of serum pepsinogen by RIA may be an effective biochemical approach to the diagnosis of chronic gastric disorders in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Banga-Mboko
- Department of Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Bd de Colonster. no. 20 B41, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elbers AR, van Rossem H, Schukken YH, Martin SW, van Exsel AC, Friendship RM, Tielen MJ. Return to oestrus after first insemination in sow herds (incidence, seasonality, and association with reproductivity and some blood parameters). Vet Q 1994; 16:100-9. [PMID: 7985351 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1994.9694428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As no systematic study has been done to get an accurate estimate of the incidence of return to oestrus after first insemination in sows in the Netherlands, the objectives of this investigation were: 1) to obtain an estimate of the incidence of return to oestrus after insemination at the herd level; 2) to investigate the association between incidence of return to oestrus after first insemination and reproduction characteristics in order to get an impression of the economic importance of reproductive failure. These objectives were investigated by using the reproduction results of 240 swine breeding herds in the Southern Netherlands in 1987. This information was obtained from CBK plus computerized herd management records. The average incidence rate of return to oestrus after first insemination at a herd level was 16.9 per 100 first inseminations. The occurrence of return to oestrus after first insemination was distinctly higher in the insemination months July and August compared to the rest of the year. An increased incidence, with 10 returns per 100 first inseminations corrected for confounders in a multiple linear regression model, was associated with a decrease of approximately 0.3 live born piglets/sow/year. A prospective longitudinal study was started in 1988 and 1989 in 37 sow herds. Individual sows were monitored from weaning to first insemination, to the occurrence of return to oestrus, or not, after first insemination, and to farrowing. The investigation focused in particular on the relationship between return to oestrus after first insemination and seroconversion against porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (L. bratislava).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Elbers
- Animal Health Service in the Southern Netherlands, Boxtel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|