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Hajure M, Alemu SS, Abdu Z, Tesfaye GM, Workneh YA, Dule A, Adem Hussen M, Wedajo LF, Gezimu W. Resilience and mental health among perinatal women: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1373083. [PMID: 39104881 PMCID: PMC11298415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aimed to assess the current evidence on the relationship between resilience and mental health employed in response to the impacts of mental health. Method This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The protocol of this review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023470966). Three authors searched peer-reviewed articles using several electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Psych Info, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from September to October 2023 and included all the studies from any time until November 1, 2023. The review included all eligible quantitative observational and qualitative studies, irrespective of geographical boundaries. Result Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders were found to be the most common, but not the only, mental health disorders during the perinatal period, and higher maternal resilience during perinatal periods was found to reduce mental health disorders. It was also found that pregnant women were more resilient to mental health disorders than postpartum women. Tolerance of uncertainty and a positive cognitive appraisal, women's self-behavior and family functioning, and protective psychosocial resources such as dispositional optimism, parental sense of mastery, self-esteem, gratitude, and forgiveness were found to be the most common mechanisms of resilience among perinatal women. Older age, having an adolescent partner, family income, and distress were found to affect resilience. Conclusion Noting that women's resilience is an important tool to prevent perinatal mental health disorders, maternal healthcare providers need to counsel perinatal women on resilience-boosting mechanisms, such as applying self-behavior and having social support or close family relationships. It is recommended to counsel or provide psychosocial interventions for the woman's companion or partner to give strong support for the woman in each of the perinatal periods. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=470966, identifier CRD42023470966.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zakir Abdu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Aman Dule
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Mustefa Adem Hussen
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Lema Fikadu Wedajo
- Department of Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Wubishet Gezimu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
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Wang Y, Gu J, Zhang F, Xu X. Path analysis of influencing factors for maternal antenatal depression in the third trimester. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4742. [PMID: 38413698 PMCID: PMC10899182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal antenatal depression (AD) is a nonpsychotic depressive episode during pregnancy that can harm both the pregnant woman and the fetus. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic interrelationships between AD and its influencing factors by constructing a path model. This survey-based cross-sectional study included 1071 pregnant women who underwent pregnancy examinations in three hospitals in Nantong City, China, between February and June 2023. General information and information regarding maternal AD, pregnancy stress, prenatal anxiety, social support, marital satisfaction, sleep quality, and resilience were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25.0 was employed to determine the factors influencing pregnancy depression, and Amos25.0 was used to construct a structural equation model. AD incidence was 19.4% (208/1071). The independent risk factors affecting AD in pregnant women have been integrated into the established path analysis model. The model demonstrated a good fit (χ2/DF = 1.238, comparative fit index = 0.999, goodness-of-fit index = 0.998, normed fit index = 0.996, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.990, incremental fit index = 0.999, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.015). While prenatal anxiety (0.230) and hyperthyroidism (0.048) only had direct effects on AD, mental resilience was the biggest factor affecting AD, followed by pregnancy stress, marital satisfaction, prenatal anxiety, sleep quality, social support, and hyperthyroidism. Improved mental resilience, social support, sleep quality, and marital satisfaction; reduced pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety; and effective hyperthyroidism treatment might reduce AD. This study underscored the significance of delivering actionable strategies and tangible assistance to pregnant women to reduce AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchi Wang
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
- Medical School (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xujuan Xu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Sójta K, Margulska A, Plewka M, Płeska K, Strzelecki D, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Resilience and Psychological Well-Being of Polish Women in the Perinatal Period during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6279. [PMID: 37834924 PMCID: PMC10573938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic, with its multidimensional consequences, is the most serious threat of the 21st century affecting the mental health of women in the perinatal period around the world. Resilience, which assumes the flexible use of an individual's resources in facing adversity, is an important, protective factor influencing mental well-being. The presented study aimed to determine to what extent psychological resilience, mitigates the relationship between adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and symptoms of depression and anxiety in women in the perinatal period. METHODS We recruited pregnant women from 17 February to 13 October 2021, using social media, the parenting portal, and the snowball method. To assess mental well-being, we used: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), Self-report Labour Anxiety Questionnaire-LAQ and the self-developed COVID-19 Pandemic Anxiety Questionnaire (CRAQ). Resilience was measured usingthe Resilience Measure Questionnaire (KOP26). Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), an independent t-test, and a Pearson correlation analysis were performed. RESULTS Low resilience was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (r = -0.46; p < 0.05) and anxiety related to childbirth (r = -0.21; p < 0.05). No associations were found for resilience and pandemic-related stress. Very high and high perinatal anxiety along with the lowest level of resilience clustered with EPDS and BDI-2 scores indicating depression. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that lower levels of resilience during pregnancy may be a significant predictor of increased severity of depressive symptoms and higher levels of anxiety related to childbirth among the perinatal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sójta
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Margulska
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maksymilian Plewka
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, al. Kosciuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Kacper Płeska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, al. Kosciuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka Street 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.S.)
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Andrei AM, Webb R, Enea V. Health anxiety, death anxiety and coronaphobia: Predictors of postpartum depression symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Midwifery 2023; 124:103747. [PMID: 37276749 PMCID: PMC10229209 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine levels of postpartum depression symptoms and possible relevant predictors, such as death anxiety, health anxiety, and coronavirus-related anxiety. DESIGN Cross-sectional web-based survey using quantitative methods. SETTING Exclusively online recruiting via social media and unpaid cross-posting conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. PARTICIPANTS Women were eligible to take part in the study if they were mothers over the age of 18 and had a baby aged between 4 weeks - 12 months of age; 1024 women were included in the final sample. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS Health anxiety, death anxiety, coronavirus-related anxiety, and postpartum depression symptoms were measured using validated instruments. Current depression symptomatology was 67.6%, 26.7% scored above the cut-off for high health anxiety, 1% for coronavirus-related anxiety, and 62.7% for death anxiety. Significant predictors for depressive symptomatology were breastfeeding, history of depression, family income, number of children, health anxiety, death anxiety, and coronavirus anxiety. Further, hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that death anxiety, health anxiety, and coronavirus anxiety predicted postpartum depression symptoms over and above socio-demographic factors. KEY CONCLUSIONS Supported by previous studies, our results suggest that postpartum depression symptomatology levels during the COVID-19 pandemic are high and that they are predicted by health and death anxiety, which are also increased during the pandemic. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE The findings provide information to identify the risk for depression symptoms in postpartum mothers during acute public health situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Andrei
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | | | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania.
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Abuhammad S, Hamaideh S, Gharaibeh M, Assaf EA, Al-Qasem H, Eldeirawi K. Depression among Jordanian women during pregnancy in COVID-19: Role of social support. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
<b>Aims:</b> To describe the level of depression and social support experienced by pregnant Jordanian women and assess the role of support and other factors on depression level among a sample of Jordanian women during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br />
<b>Method</b>: The study invitation and link to an online survey were shared during November 2021 via social media and through word of mouth. A convenience sample of 434 pregnant women completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on their COVID-19 status, demographics, depression, and social. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D).<br />
<b>Results</b>: The prevalence of depression among women during pregnancy was 28.3%. The mean of depression score among women during pregnancy was 24.3±4.4. The prevalence of social support among women during pregnancy were (63%). The mean social support score among the participants was 39.3±9.1. Factors associated with a higher depression score included not get influenza vaccination, not having insurance, described life as poor, having pressure, and not having social support.<br />
<b>Conclusion:</b> This is a national study among women during pregnancy in Jordan. The study found that people who took influenza vaccination, having insurance, described life as poor, and having pressure, they experience more depression than other people. Moreover, our study found as social support increased, the depression decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JORDAN
| | - Shaher Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, JORDAN
| | - Muntaha Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JORDAN
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JORDAN
| | - Enas A Assaf
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JORDAN
| | | | - Kamal Eldeirawi
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Meng T, Zhang Y, Lv J, Zhu C, Lan L, Zhang T. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on women's fertility intentions and its policy implications for China and the rest of the world: a perspective essay. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2023; 68:87-100. [PMID: 37309161 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2023.2221842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its social, economic, and health implications have generally reduced women's fertility intentions in different countries. In this article, we aimed to review studies of the impact of COVID-19 infection on women's fertility intentions and interventions to provide a theoretical basis and practical benchmark for the development of effective intervention strategies in China, which lifted its zero COVID system in early December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chunle Zhu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Lan
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on women's perinatal mental health: a systematic review. Women Birth 2023; 36:47-55. [PMID: 35798661 PMCID: PMC9212959 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for poor maternal perinatal mental health include a previous mental health diagnosis, reduced access to perinatal services, economic concerns and decreased levels of social support. Adverse maternal perinatal mental health can negatively influence the psychological wellbeing of infants. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic presented an additional stressor. While literature on the impact of COVID-19 on perinatal mental health exists, no systematic review has focused specifically on maternal perinatal mental health during periods of COVID-19 lockdown. AIMS This systematic review explores how periods of COVID-19 lockdown impacted women's perinatal mental health. METHODS Searches of CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were conducted for literature from 1st January 2020-25th May 2021. Quantitative, peer-reviewed, cross-sectional studies published in English with perinatal women as participants, and data collected during a period of lockdown, were included. Data was assessed for quality and narratively synthesized. FINDINGS Sixteen articles from nine countries met the inclusion criteria. COVID-19 lockdowns negatively impacted perinatal mental health. Risk factors for negative perinatal mental health noted in previous literature were confirmed. In addition, resilience, educational attainment, trimester, and ethnicity were identified as other variables which may influence mental health during perinatal periods experienced during lockdown. Understanding nuance in experience and harnessing intra and interpersonal support could advance options for intervention. CONCLUSION Developing resources for perinatal women that integrate informal sources of support may aid them when normal routine is challenged, and may mediate potential long-term impacts of poor perinatal maternal health on infants.
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Delanerolle G, McCauley M, Hirsch M, Zeng Y, Cong X, Cavalini H, Sajid S, Shetty A, Rathod S, Shi JQ, Hapangama DK, Phiri P. The prevalence of mental ill-health in women during pregnancy and after childbirth during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36709255 PMCID: PMC9883834 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aims to explore the prevalence of the impact of the COVID-19, MERS, and SARS pandemics on the mental health of pregnant women. METHODS All COVID-19, SARS and MERS studies that evaluated the mental health of pregnant women with/without gynaecological conditions that were reported in English between December 2000 - July 2021 were included. The search criteria were developed based upon the research question using PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. A wide search criterion was used to ensure the inclusion of all pregnant women with existing gynaecological conditions. The Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale was used to assess the risk of bias for all included studies. Random effects model with restricted maximum-likelihood estimation method was applied for the meta-analysis and I-square statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity across studies. The pooled prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, stress, and sleep disorders with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed. RESULTS This systematic review identified 217 studies which included 638,889 pregnant women or women who had just given birth. There were no studies reporting the mental health impact due to MERS and SARS. Results showed that women who were pregnant or had just given birth displayed various symptoms of poor mental health including those relating to depression (24.9%), anxiety (32.8%), stress (29.44%), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (27.93%), and sleep disorders (24.38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION It is important to note that studies included in this review used a range of outcome measures which does not allow for direct comparisons between findings. Most studies reported self-reported measure of symptoms without clinical diagnoses so conclusions can be made for symptom prevalence rather than of mental illness. The importance of managing mental health during pregnancy and after-delivery improves the quality of life and wellbeing of mothers hence developing an evidence-based approached as part of pandemic preparedness would improve mental health during challenging times. OTHER The work presented in this manuscript was not funded by any specific grants. A study protocol was developed and published in PROSPERO (CRD42021235356) to explore several key objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Delanerolle
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Uuniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Mary McCauley
- Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin Hirsch
- University College London, London, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Yutian Zeng
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heitor Cavalini
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Sana Sajid
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Ashish Shetty
- University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shanaya Rathod
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK
| | - Jian Qing Shi
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- National Center for Applied Mathematics, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Peter Phiri
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation Department, Clinical Trials Facility, Tom Rudd Unit Moorgreen Hospital, Botley Road, West End, Southampton, SO30 3JB, UK.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Manaka M, Sasano N, Chikazawa S, Sasaki A. Review of the Depression Rate among Pregnant Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health (London) 2023. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2023.151003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Daugherty JC, Bueso-Izquierdo N, Lara-Cinisomo S, Lozano-Ruiz A, Caparros-Gonzalez RA. Partner relationship quality, social support and maternal stress during pregnancy and the first COVID-19 lockdown. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:563-573. [PMID: 35867716 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2022.2101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy has been associated with diminished maternal mental health and a deterioration in partner relationship quality. The recent COVID-19 quarantine measures have created additional stressors for pregnant women due to isolation and a surge in partner conflict.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess how partner relationship conflict and social support may mediate mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 152 pregnant women using psychological measures, (i.e. Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-R, Duke-UNC-11 Functional Social Support Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale). Demographic characteristics, obstetrics history, and partner relationship conflict were assessed using questionnaires.Results: While there were few reports of physical violence in this sample, between 18% and 59% of women reported partner relationship conflict on the psychological subscale (e.g. afraid of one's partner or screamed at by one's partner). Further, the psychological subscale was significantly associated with symptoms of psychopathology. There was a significant negative association between social support and pregnancy-specific stress (p = .005), and perceived stress (p= .038).Conclusions: These findings suggest that partner relationship conflict and social support may act as important buffers for prenatal mental health in childbearing women during vulnerable situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Daugherty
- Faculty of Education. Psychology Department, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Natalia Bueso-Izquierdo
- Faculty of Education & Psychology. Psychology & Anthropology Department, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael A Caparros-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Jeamjitvibool T, Duangchan C, Mousa A, Mahikul W. The Association between Resilience and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14854. [PMID: 36429573 PMCID: PMC9690093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Nursing and Allied Health databases. Included articles examined healthcare workers (e.g., physicians and nurses), the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies of exposure to other infectious diseases related to epidemics or pandemics (e.g., SARS and MERS) were excluded. This study was performed following the Cooper matrix review method and PRISMA guidelines, followed by a meta-analysis of study results using R version 4.1.2. A random effect model was used for the pooled analysis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42021261429). Based on the meta-analysis, we found a moderate negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress (r = -0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.45 to -0.38, p < 0.001). For the subgroup analysis, a moderately significant negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress was found among healthcare workers (r = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.33, p < 0.001), which was weaker than in the general population (r = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.39, p < 0.001) and in patients (r = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.33; p < 0.001). This association was robust, although the heterogeneity among individual effect sizes was substantial (I2 = 94%, 99%, and 74%, respectively). This study revealed a moderate negative relationship between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients. For all these populations, interventions and resources are needed to improve individuals' resilience and ability to cope with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakrit Jeamjitvibool
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cherdsak Duangchan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andria Mousa
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Tuxunjiang X, Li L, Wumaier G, Zhang W, Sailike B, Jiang T. The mediating effect of resilience on pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety in pregnant women. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:961689. [PMID: 36311519 PMCID: PMC9614225 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.961689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety in pregnant women in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and the mediating effect of mental resilience level on the relationship between pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety. Method The investigation involved 750 pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Urumqi, and included a questionnaire eliciting general demographic information, a pregnancy stress scale (Pregnancy Pressure Scale, PPS), generalized anxiety disorder scale (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), and a mental resilience scale (Connor-Davidson resilience scale, CD-RISC). The Bootstrap mediation effect test was used to test the effect relationship between variables, and Amos was used to establish the structural equation model. Results Among the 750 participants, 122 (16.2%) had moderate or greater pregnancy stress (PPS > 1), 372 (49.6%) had mild or greater anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 > 5), and 241 (32.1%) had good or higher mental resilience score. Pregnancy stress negatively affected resilience (β = -0.37, p < 0.01), and resilience also negatively affected prenatal anxiety (β = -0.12, p < 0.01). The mediating effect value of resilience was 8.3%. Conclusion Pregnancy stress, mental resilience, and prenatal anxiety were significantly correlated, and mental resilience played a partial mediating role in the influence of pregnancy stress on prenatal anxiety. It is recommended that pregnant women exercise their mental resilience to reduce the incidence of prenatal anxiety and promote physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Li
- Obstetrics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bahedana Sailike
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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13
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Depression in pregnant and postpartum women during COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:287-302. [PMID: 35754363 PMCID: PMC9304439 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic in March 2020 and caused a big crisis, especially the health crisis. Pregnant and postpartum women experienced significant physical, social, and mental changes that put them at higher risk for several conditions during the pandemic. This study aimed to report the prevalence of depression in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligible studies were identified using several databases. Prevalence analysis was conducted using MedCalc ver. 19.5.1. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO on July 12, 2021 with registration number CRD42021266976. We included 54 studies with 95.326 participants. The overall prevalence of depression was 32.60% among pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate was higher among pregnant women (31.49%) compared to postpartum women (27.64%). The prevalence of depression among pregnant and postpartum women increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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14
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Puertas-Gonzalez JA, Mariño-Narvaez C, Romero-Gonzalez B, Vilar-López R, Peralta-Ramirez MI. Resilience, stress and anxiety in pregnancy before and throughout the pandemic: a structural equation modelling approach. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35698485 PMCID: PMC9178340 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored and compared the link between resilience and pregnancy-related stress, perceived stress, and anxiety, employing two structural equation models. One model focused on pregnant women before the outbreak of the pandemic, and the other on pregnancies throughout the pandemic. For this purpose, a total sample of 690 women during their pregnancy were collected: the Pre-Pandemic Group (P-PG) was composed of 341 pregnant women evaluated prior to the pandemic; and 349 pregnant women assessed at the time of the pandemic constituted the Pandemic Group (PG). The resilience, pregnancy-related stress, perceived stress, and anxiety symptomatology of the women were assessed. For both samples, resilience was found to lower levels of pregnancy-specific stress, as well as general perceived stress, and anxiety symptomatology. Furthermore, pregnancy-specific stress and perceived stress showed a covariance relationship and, that these, in turn, increased the anxiety. Moreover, the PG showed greater levels of pregnancy-specific stress, anxiety, somatisations, and obsessions-compulsions, while the P-PG presented higher perceived stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Puertas-Gonzalez
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Borja Romero-Gonzalez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, Soria, Spain
| | - Raquel Vilar-López
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Factors associated with prenatal stress and anxiety in pregnant women during COVID-19 in Spain. ENFERMERIA CLINICA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 32 Suppl 1:S5-S13. [PMID: 35183488 PMCID: PMC8824223 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To describe prenatal stress and state anxiety levels in pregnant women living in Spain during the lockdown of the first wave of COVID-19 and its relation with obstetric factors, perception of health care, and concerns about the socio-sanitary situation. METHODS The present study is an observational, correlational, and cross-sectional quantitative study. The participants in the study were pregnant women recruited through non-probabilistic convenience and snowball sampling during the lockdown. A web link was provided to an online questionnaire designed for this research, which collected socio-demographic and obstetric variables, perceptions of health care received during the pandemic and preoccupations associated with COVID-19. It also included the Prenatal Stress Questionnaire (PDQ) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). RESULTS Based on the responses of 695 pregnant women, the results showed a mean of 16.98 (SD = 25.20) of prenatal stress and elevated levels of anxiety (M = 25.20/SD = 11.07) in the first wave of the pandemic. Risk factors for prenatal stress and anxiety were the level of preoccupation associated with COVID-19 and previous mental health issues. A specific risk factor for anxiety was having more than one child and a protective factor were perceiving accessibility and availability of health care, with clear and consistent pregnancy care and follow-up protocols. CONCLUSIONS The lockdown period for COVID-19 was a stressful experience for pregnant women, highlighting the need to address their psychological well-being through clear and coherent protocols in terms of maternal-foetal health control and follow-up.
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16
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Awad-Sirhan N, Simó-Teufel S, Molina-Muñoz Y, Cajiao-Nieto J, Izquierdo-Puchol MT. [Factors associated with prenatal stress and anxiety in pregnant women during COVID-19 in Spain]. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2022; 32:S5-S13. [PMID: 34697530 PMCID: PMC8529258 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study To describe prenatal stress and state anxiety levels in pregnant women living in Spain during the lockdown of the first wave of COVID-19 and its relation with obstetric factors, perception of health care, and concerns about the socio-sanitary situation. Methods The present study is an observational, correlational, and cross-sectional quantitative study. The participants in the study were pregnant women recruited through non-probabilistic convenience and snowball sampling during the lockdown. A web link was provided to an online questionnaire designed for this research, which collected socio-demographic and obstetric variables, perceptions of health care received during the pandemic and preoccupations associated with COVID-19. It also included the Prenatal Stress Questionnaire (PDQ) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). Results Based on the responses of 695 pregnant women, the results showed a mean of 16.98 (SD = 25.20) of prenatal stress and elevated levels of anxiety (M = 25.20/SD = 11.07) in the first wave of the pandemic. Risk factors for prenatal stress and anxiety were the level of preoccupation associated with COVID-19 and previous mental health issues. A specific risk factor for anxiety was having more than one child and a protective factor were perceiving accessibility and availability of health care, with clear and consistent pregnancy care and follow-up protocols. Conclusions The lockdown period for COVID-19 was a stressful experience for pregnant women, highlighting the need to address their psychological well-being through clear and coherent protocols in terms of maternal-foetal health control and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Awad-Sirhan
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Juanita Cajiao-Nieto
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigación en Salud, Fundación Universitaria CAFAM, Bogotá, Colombia
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17
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Waschmann M, Rosen K, Gievers L, Hildebrand A, Laird A, Khaki S. Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Postpartum Depression. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:772-778. [PMID: 35394366 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies examining the impact of natural disasters noted that in the setting of stable rates of depression, postpartum depression (PPD) increased in vulnerable subgroups. COVID-19 may similarly impact maternal health. This study aimed to characterize the effect of COVID-19 on the incidence of PPD and to identify vulnerable subgroups. Methods: Retrospective chart review of maternal-newborn dyads was conducted over two epochs: pre-COVID-19 (January 1-June 1, 2019) and during-COVID-19 (January 1-June 1, 2020). PPD was defined as an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of ≧ 10 at any postnatal appointment. Prevalence of depression and anxiety was recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and t-tests. Results: Among 1061 dyads (557 in the 2019 epoch, 504 in the 2020 epoch), the epochs had similar clinical and demographic characteristics. Incidence proportion of PPD was similar (16.9% to 18.1%, p = 0.67). In subgroup analyses, this outcome was also similar among primiparous mothers (17.4% to 22.2%, p = 0.22) and publicly insured mothers (23.9% to 25.9%, p = 0.78). The 2020 epoch exhibited higher prevalence of current depression (9.9% to 14.3%, p = 0.03) and anxiety (10.1% to 18.7%, p < 0.001). However, incidence proportion of PPD decreased among women with current mental health diagnoses (41.5% to 31.3%, p = 0.19). Conclusions: A stable PPD incidence despite increased prevalence of current mood disorders highlights the complexity of the biopsychosocial milieu contributing to PPD. Further study of psychiatric care access and treatment is an important next step in understanding relationships between current mood disorders and PPD during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Waschmann
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kate Rosen
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ladawna Gievers
- Division of Neonatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea Hildebrand
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amy Laird
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sheevaun Khaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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18
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Mei X, Mei R, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen Q, Lei Y, Ye Z. Associations among fear of childbirth, resilience and psychological distress in pregnant women: A response surface analysis and moderated mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1091042. [PMID: 36590638 PMCID: PMC9797834 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1091042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal psychological distress is prevalent during pregnancy. This study aimed to estimate the associations among fear of childbirth, resilience and psychological distress. METHODS A total of 1,060 Chinese pregnant women were enrolled from Be Resilient to Postpartum Depression (ChiCTR2100048465) and the following instruments were administered to them: Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Adverse Childhood Experience scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A dominance, a response surface analysis and a moderated mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS In terms of psychological distress, resilience and fear of childbirth could explain 41.6% (0.148/0.356) and 33.1% (0.118/0.356), respectively. Pregnant women with high resilience-low fear of childbirth had significantly lower levels of psychological distress than those with low resilience-high fear of childbirth. The indirect effects of fear of childbirth on psychological distress through resilience was significantly (B = 0.054, 95% CI 0.038 to 0.070). The interactions between fear of childbirth and adverse childhood experiences (β = 0.114, 95% CI -0.002 to 0.231, p = 0.054) and between resilience and adverse childhood experiences (β = -0.118, 95% CI -0.222 to -0.012, p < 0.05) were significant. CONCLUSION Resilience, fear of childbirth and adverse childhood experiences may be three important factors to psychological distress in Chinese pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Mei
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ranran Mei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinqin Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjin Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengjie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Lakshmi KP, Chandra S, Menon B, Radhamany K, Rajana P, Suresh P. Psychological distress in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_174_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Bellomo A, Severo M, Petito A, Nappi L, Iuso S, Altamura M, Marconcini A, Giannaccari E, Maruotti G, Palma GL, Vicino M, Perrone A, Tufariello AM, Sannicandro V, Milano E, Arcidiacono G, Di Salvatore M, Caroli A, Di Pinto I, Ventriglio A. Perinatal depression screening and prevention: Descriptive findings from a multicentric program in the South of Italy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:962948. [PMID: 35990082 PMCID: PMC9389401 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal depression (PD) is a cluster of clinical depressive symptoms occurring globally during pregnancy or after childbirth, with a prevalence of 11.9%. Risk factors for PD among pregnant women may include personality traits of neuroticism, low personal resilience, higher anxiety, avoidance in close relationships, as well as dysfunctional coping strategies. METHODS We report on descriptive findings of a screening/prevention program aimed to detect depressive symptoms and associated risk factors in a large sample of women (N = 1,664) accessing the gynecological departments of the Regione Puglia (South of Italy) from July to November 2020. Pregnant women were assessed in their third trimester of pregnancy (T0), after childbirth (T1), and those at risk for PD within 1 year from delivery (T2-T4); The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been employed for the screening of PD over time as well as other standardized measures for neuroticism, resilience, coping strategies, and quality of life. RESULTS Of 1,664, n = 1,541 were tested at T1, and 131 scored ≥ 12 at EPDS (14.6 ± 2.95), showing a higher risk for PD. They were followed over time at 1, 6, and 12 months after childbirth (T2-T4), and 15 of them scored ≥ 12 (EPDS) at T4. Women with a higher risk of PD also reported higher levels of neuroticism, lower levels of personal resilience, more anxiety and avoidance in close relationships, higher employment of dysfunctional coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-blame, etc.), and lower quality of life (0.0008 < all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study confirmed the benefit of screening programs for the early detection of PD among pregnant women. We may suggest a set of risk factors to be considered in the clinical assessment of PD risk as well as the promotion of similar programs to improve depressive outcomes and pathways to care for PD on the basis of a more accurate assessment and referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Melania Severo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Nappi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Maruotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Vicino
- Unit of Gynecology, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Tufariello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valeria Sannicandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Milano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Arcidiacono
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Melanie Di Salvatore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Di Pinto
- Dipartimento Promozione Della Salute e del Benessere Animale, Regione Puglia, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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21
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González-Mesa E, Jiménez-López JS, Blasco-Alonso M, Anderica-Herrero JR, Lubián-López D. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Spanish Ob-Gyn Specialists-A Nationwide Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5899. [PMID: 34945195 PMCID: PMC8709490 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that frontline health professionals have suffered from an increased rate of mental disorders as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of Spanish specialists in the obstetrics and gynecology fields after the fifth Spanish COVID-19 wave. METHODS Psychometric screening of the professionals was performed using a nationwide online survey designed by the Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology taskforce. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and general anxiety disorder were screened. RESULTS We found high scores for PTSD, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder. Up to 12.4% of specialists met the PTSD criteria, 12.8% showed complex PTSD, 37% showed depression, and up to 37% had a positive screening for generalized anxiety disorder. Our results showed that the pandemic has particularly affected the group of female Ob-Gyn specialists, with significant higher scores in depression and anxiety scales. CONCLUSIONS As a lesson learned for the future in case of new health emergencies, it would be very important to provide professionals with adequate psychological support, ensuring enough human and material resources, flexible work shifts, and facilities to reconcile work and family-life, especially in the case of female specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto González-Mesa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (M.B.-A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSPA Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Malaga, Spain;
- Spanish Section of Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesus Salvador Jiménez-López
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (M.B.-A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSPA Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Malaga, Spain;
- Spanish Section of Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Blasco-Alonso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (M.B.-A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSPA Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Malaga, Spain;
- Spanish Section of Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose Ramon Anderica-Herrero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SSPA Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29011 Malaga, Spain;
- Spanish Section of Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Lubián-López
- Spanish Section of Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology, 28036 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, 11407 Cadiz, Spain
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22
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Yirmiya K, Yakirevich-Amir N, Preis H, Lotan A, Atzil S, Reuveni I. Women's Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4298. [PMID: 33919564 PMCID: PMC8072624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has multiple ramifications for pregnant women. Untreated depression during pregnancy may have long-term effects on the mother and offspring. Therefore, delineating the effects of pregnancy on the mental health of reproductive-age women is crucial. This study aims to determine the risk for depressive symptoms in pregnant and non-pregnant women during COVID-19, and to identify its bio-psycho-social contributors. A total of 1114 pregnant and 256 non-pregnant women were recruited via social media in May 2020 to complete an online survey that included depression and anxiety questionnaires, as well as demographic, obstetric and COVID-19-related questionnaires. Pregnant women also completed the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Pregnant women reported fewer depressive symptoms and were less concerned that they had COVID-19 than non-pregnant women. Among pregnant women, risk factors for depression included lower income, fewer children, unemployment, thinking that one has COVID-19, high-risk pregnancy, earlier gestational age, and increased pregnancy-related stress. Protective factors included increased partner support, healthy behaviors, and positive appraisal of the pregnancy. Thus, being pregnant is associated with reduced risk for depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Increased social support, engaging in health behaviors and positive appraisal may enhance resilience. Future studies of pregnant versus non-pregnant women could clarify the role of pregnancy during stressful events, and clarify aspects of susceptibility and resilience during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
- Interdisciplinary Center, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Herzlia 4610101, Israel
| | - Noa Yakirevich-Amir
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (N.Y.-A.); (A.L.)
| | - Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Amit Lotan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (N.Y.-A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Shir Atzil
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (N.Y.-A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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