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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Jiahengnuer J, Xie Y, Ding L, Bao D, Cui Y. Analysing tie-break performance of professional tennis players at Grand Slam matches. J Sports Sci 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39172868 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2384244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
A tiebreak in tennis is one of the critical moments where players are expected to excel under mental pressure and maintain high level of performance. Despite the importance of tiebreak points, research exploring the performance of male and female players during such match phrase remains limited. This study aimed to investigate i) the overall tiebreak performance of male and female players in relation to the outcome, ii) to examine their point-level performance by considering different contextual variables. A total of 535 tiebreaks comprising 6380 points from the 2016-2021 US Open men's and women's singles matches were collected. The difference in match performance between winning and losing players within the entire tiebreak game was explored. A subsequent decision tree analysis was then used to analyse the effect of the contextual and performance variables on tiebreak point-by-point outcome. The results showed that male and female Winning players outperformed the Losing players in 1st Serve, Serve Width and Net approach performance. The analysis of point-level performance showed that Net point, Score scene, and Point server substantially impacted tennis players' tiebreak outcome. These findings provide valuable insight for coaches and players, informing tiebreak tactics tailoring and training in relevance to different match status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjing Zhou
- School of Sports Engineering (China Sports Big Data Center), Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Jiahengnuer
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixun Xie
- College of Swimming, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Badminton, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiong Cui
- School of Sports Engineering (China Sports Big Data Center), Sport University, Beijing, China
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Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Jiménez-Saiz SL. Game location effect in game-related statistics and pre-shot combination differences between winners and losers during the basketball ACB COVID-19 season. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303908. [PMID: 38995983 PMCID: PMC11244841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess pre-shot combinations and game-location influence, together with the traditional game-related statistics to evaluate their impact in the performance of the teams in the Asociación de Clubs de Baloncesto (ACB) Spanish basketball league. The COVID-19 season was a great opportunity to better analyse the effect of game-location among ACB-teams to evaluate the differences between winners and losers. A retrospective cross-sectional study of the 2019-2020 ACB season (137 games of the regular season and 33 games of the final stage) was carried out. Game-related statistics were gathered from InStat (https://basketball.instatscout.com/). To evaluate the key performance indicators in this context, a discriminant analysis together with a binary logistic regression were run. The main results revealed that specific variables (normalized per minute played), such as points, field-goal percentage, field goals made, defensive rebounds, assists, and contested field goals made, played a crucial role in classifying winners and losers (p<0.05). Defensive rebounds (0.29±0.05 vs 0.24±0.04, p < 0.001), and assists (0.23±0.05 vs 0.19±0.04, p = 0.042), were key performance indicators for home-court winners. Defensive rebounds (0.29±0.05 vs 0.25±0.04, p < 0.001), and field-goal percentage (48.2±5.31 vs 42.7±5.95, p = 0.009) were key performance variables for away-court winners. Neutral-court winners had better isolation efficiency (49.5±31.6 vs 33.3±31.4, p < 0.05) and contested shot percentage (48.2±6.02 vs 44.8±5.34, p < 0.05) in the context of neutral-court tournaments. Uncontested shots and pick-and-roll efficiency seem not to be so important in the ACB when compared to the (National Basketball Association) NBA. Teams should look for players who assist to good shooters, as well as the presence of specialized players proficient in defensive rebounding. In the context of neutral-court tournaments, the importance of isolations and contested-shot performance is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio L Jiménez-Saiz
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Sport Sciences Research Centre, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Tang Z, Shao J, Robertson S, Gómez MÁ, Zhang S. HoopTransformer: Advancing NBA Offensive Play Recognition with Self-Supervised Learning from Player Trajectories. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02030-3. [PMID: 38814566 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Understanding and recognizing basketball offensive set plays, which involve intricate interactions between players, have always been regarded as challenging tasks for untrained humans, not to mention machines. In this study, our objective is to propose an artificial intelligence model that can automatically recognize offensive plays using a novel self-supervised learning approach. METHODS The dataset was collected by SportVU from 632 games during the 2015-2016 season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), with a total of 90,524 possessions. A multi-agent motion prediction pretraining model was built on the basis of axial-attention transformer and trained with different masking strategies: motion prediction (MP), motion reconstruction (MR), and MP + MR joint strategy. A downstream play-level classification task and similarity search were used to evaluate the models' performance. RESULTS The results showed that the MP + MR joint masking strategy maximized the ability of the model compared with individual masking strategies. For the classification task, the joint strategy achieved a top-1 accuracy of 81.5% and top-3 accuracy of 97.5%. In the similarity search evaluation, the joint strategy attained a top-5 accuracy of 76% and top-10 accuracy of 59%. Additionally, with the same MP + MR joint masking strategy, our HoopTransformer model outperformed the two baseline models in the classification task and similarity search. CONCLUSION This study presents a self-supervised learning model and demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of the model in accurately comprehending and capturing player movements and complex interactions during offensive plays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zitian Tang
- Athletic Performance and Data Science Laboratory, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jianchong Shao
- Athletic Performance and Data Science Laboratory, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- Athletic Performance and Data Science Laboratory, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Calonge-Pascual S, Gómez MÁ, Belmonte-Cortés S, Casajús Mallén JA, González-Gross M. Analysis of Madrid Primary Health-Care staff for the implementation of exercise prescription. Aten Primaria 2024; 56:102946. [PMID: 38701691 PMCID: PMC11081781 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the self-perception of nurses and general practitioners (GPs) toward Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) in Madrid Primary Health-Care (PHC). DESIGN A survey-cohort study. SITE: Nurses and GPs of Madrid PHC System. PARTICIPANTS A total of 319 GPs and 285 nurses' responders. MEASUREMENTS Data were analyzed under a classification tree analysis by four predictor variables: (i) Health professional (Nurses/GPs); (ii) Exercise prescription collaboration with all health professionals: physicians, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, sports medicine physicians, sports scientists, nutritionists, and teachers (Yes/No); (iii) PA promotion collaboration with Sports Scientists (Yes/No); and (iv) The stage of change of PHC staff to PA promotion (0-4 Likert scale). RESULTS Regarding the predictor variable (i), responders without PA guidelines knowledge and positive attitude to collaborate with nurses in PA promotion are more GPs of female sex (nurses n=33 and GPs n=175) than male sex (nurses n=3 and GPs n=59) (p<.001). For the predictor variable (ii) only 9.30% of PHC staff with a positive attitude to collaborate with all health professionals in PA promotion and exercise prescription. For the predictor variable (iii) was shown low collaboration with sports physicians and sports scientists under a multidisciplinary PAP approach (26.50% responders). Finally, in the predictor variable (iv) Staff maintaining PAP for at least 6 months, self-considered active, and with PAP knowledge want to collaborate with Sports scientists (Yes=233; No=133). CONCLUSIONS Nurses and GPs are conscious of health-related PA benefits despite the lack of PAP knowledge and lack of willingness to collaborate with other health personnel, exercise professionals, and community resources available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Calonge-Pascual
- ImFINE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; REDAFLED Research Group, Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Universidad, 42004 Soria, Spain.
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Casajús Mallén
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Domingo Miral s/n. 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/ Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sansone P, Conte D, Tessitore A, Rampinini E, Ferioli D. A Systematic Review on the Physical, Physiological, Perceptual, and Technical-Tactical Demands of Official 3 × 3 Basketball Games. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1233-1245. [PMID: 37567576 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the physical, physiological, perceptual, and technical-tactical demands of official 3 × 3 basketball games. METHODS The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies assessing physical, physiological, perceptual, and technical-tactical demands of 3 × 3 games. Data were also coded according to player sex and tournament phase. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. RESULTS Thirteen articles were finally included, with a mean quality of 8.6 (1.1) out of 11. Three-by-three basketball games have an intermittent profile (1:1 work-rest ratio), with a duration of ∼15 minutes, and are characterized by short (6-8 s) ball possessions and considerable physical (17-33 accelerations, 24-44 decelerations, 62-94 changes of directions, and 17-24 jumps per game) and physiological (lactate: ∼6.2 mmol·L-1) demands. Overall, the game performance profile is similar in males and females, with minor changes happening across tournament phases. Several key technical-tactical indicators were identified as discriminating winning and losing teams, such as better shooting and defensive efficiency, low number of turnovers, and implementing tactical actions involving more players, passing first, and ending possessions with shots from outside of the arch from the top of the key. CONCLUSIONS Three-by-three basketball is an intermittent, physically demanding sport characterized by quick plays and specific tactical constraints. This review provides information that should be considered by performance staff to improve training prescription, game tactical plans, and for player selection and talent identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Sansone
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia,Spain
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia,Spain
| | - Daniele Conte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome,Italy
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome,Italy
| | - Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Center, Olgiate Olona, Varese,Italy
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Du S, Hu H, Cheng K, Li H. Exercise makes better mind: a data mining study on effect of physical activity on academic achievement of college students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1271431. [PMID: 37908825 PMCID: PMC10614637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1271431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of physical activity (PA) on academic achievement has long been a hot research issue in physical education, but few studies have been conducted using machine learning methods for analyzing activity behavior. In this paper, we collected the data on both physical activity and academic performance from 2,219 undergraduate students (Mean = 19 years) over a continuous period of 12 weeks within one academic semester. Based on students' behavioral indicators transformed from a running APP interface and the average academic course scores, two models were constructed and processed by CHAID decision tree for regression analysis and significance detection. It was found that first, to attain higher academic performance, it is imperative for students to not only exhibit exceptional activity regularity, but also sustain a reduced average step frequency; second, the students completing running exercise with an average frequency of 1 time/week and the duration of 16-25 min excelled over approximately 88 percentage of other students on academic performance; third, the processing validity and reliability of physical observation data in complex systems can be improved by utilizing decision tree as a leveraging machine learning tool and statistical method. These findings provide insights for educational practitioners and policymakers who will seek to enhance college students' academic performance through physical education programs, combined with data mining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Du
- College of Language Intelligence, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Hu
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiwen Cheng
- College of Language Intelligence, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Chen R, Zhang M, Xu X. Modeling the influence of basketball players' offense roles on team performance. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1256796. [PMID: 37744596 PMCID: PMC10514490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1256796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) use the clustering method to build a classification model based on the play-type data of basketball players, to classify native and foreign players into different offensive roles; (2) use the clustered offensive role model to investigate how different offensive roles influence team performance. The sample was drawn from 20 teams spanning five seasons (2017-2021) in the Chinese Basketball Association, comprising 823 native and 228 foreign players. The clustering results obtained fourteen offensive roles for native players and five for foreign players. Subsequent analyses revealed that the offensive roles of two native player clusters, namely N6 Spot-up Wings who Attack (OR = 3.281, p < 0.05) and N13 Bigs who Cut to the Rim (OR = 4.272, p < 0.05), significantly influenced team performance. Conversely, no significant impact was observed for foreign players. The findings of this study offer novel insights into player dynamics and offer coaches a fresh perspective on team composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Chen
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Athletic Performance College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- College of Physical Education, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Wu Y, Deng D, Xie X, He M, Xu J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wu Y. OBTracker: Visual Analytics of Off-ball Movements in Basketball. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023; 29:929-939. [PMID: 36166529 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In a basketball play, players who are not in possession of the ball (i.e., off-ball players) can still effectively contribute to the team's offense, such as making a sudden move to create scoring opportunities. Analyzing the movements of off-ball players can thus facilitate the development of effective strategies for coaches. However, common basketball statistics (e.g., points and assists) primarily focus on what happens around the ball and are mostly result-oriented, making it challenging to objectively assess and fully understand the contributions of off-ball movements. To address these challenges, we collaborate closely with domain experts and summarize the multi-level requirements for off-ball movement analysis in basketball. We first establish an assessment model to quantitatively evaluate the offensive contribution of an off-ball movement considering both the position of players and the team cooperation. Based on the model, we design and develop a visual analytics system called OBTracker to support the multifaceted analysis of off-ball movements. OBTracker enables users to identify the frequency and effectiveness of off-ball movement patterns and learn the performance of different off-ball players. A tailored visualization based on the Voronoi diagram is proposed to help users interpret the contribution of off-ball movements from a temporal perspective. We conduct two case studies based on the tracking data from NBA games and demonstrate the effectiveness and usability of OBTracker through expert feedback.
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Prieto-Lage I, Vázquez-Estévez C, Paramés-González A, Argibay-González JC, Reguera-López-de-la-Osa X, Gutiérrez-Santiago A. Ball Screens in the Men's 2019 Basketball World Cup. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:59. [PMID: 36612379 PMCID: PMC9820029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this research was to analyse the effectiveness and search for successful patterns in ball screens in the men's 2019 Basketball World Cup. METHODS The sample consisted of 515 ball screens obtained in critical moments. LINCE software was used as a registration instrument by means of an observational instrument designed ad hoc. A descriptive analysis and chi-square tests (χ2) were performed with SPSS 25.0 and a T-patterns analysis with Theme 5 software. RESULTS The results indicate that the criteria that have the most influence on this type of action are the result of the team executing the screen (winning, losing or tying), the type of offense and the defence used on the ball screen. The most representative patterns of success tend to take place between 9-16 s of possession, with the screeners being inside players and the screened players being outside players, and it is performed in the upper areas of the court against an individual type of defence and ending with the screened player advancing towards the basket or passing to an open teammate. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained will enable the coaching staff to train ball screens in accordance with specific game situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Prieto-Lage
- Observational Research Group, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Xoana Reguera-López-de-la-Osa
- Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Group (Gies10-DE3), Galicia Sur Health Research, Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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Vencúrik T, Milanović Z, Lazić A, Li F, Matulaitis K, Rupčić T. Performance factors that negatively influence shooting efficiency in women's basketball. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1042718. [PMID: 36505065 PMCID: PMC9732519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1042718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of selected factors (possession duration, game quarter, defensive pressure, shooting distance from the basket, and heart rate level) on shooting efficiency on Under-19 (U19) and senior level of women's basketball competition (second division). The analysis procedures included five U19 and six senior-level games, containing 224 and 252 shooting attempts, respectively. Binary logistic regression identified the opponent's defensive pressure and shooting distance from the basket as significant predictors of shooting efficiency in both categories. When defensive pressure was high, the chance for the missed shot was 3.5 (95% CI; 1.43-8.52) and 3.19 (95% CI; 1.4-7.26) times more likely than it was under the minimum defensive pressure for U19 and senior category, respectively. Shooting efficiency significantly decreased when the horizontal distance from the basket increased. In U19, a chance for a missed shot was 4.63 (95% CI; 2-10.712) and 5.15 (95% CI; 1.91-13.86) times higher for medium and long-distance (respectively), compared to short-range shooting. In the senior category, the chance for the missed shot was 3.9 (95% CI; 1.83-8.31) and 3.27 (95% CI; 1.43-7.52) times higher for medium and long-distance (respectively) when compared to a short distance. The possession duration, game quarter, and heart rate level were identified as insignificant predictors. Therefore, the aforementioned findings suggest that basketball players and coaches may benefit from designing training sessions where the defender puts pressure on the shooting player as in a real game situation and balanced the frequency of shooting from different distances from the basket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vencúrik
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic,*Correspondence: Tomáš Vencúrik,
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic,Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia,Science and Research Centre of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Anja Lazić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Feng Li
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Kęstutis Matulaitis
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomislav Rupčić
- Laboratory for Sports Games, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Bustamante-Sánchez A, Gomez-Ruano MA, Clemente-Suárez VJ, Jiménez-Sáiz SL. Pre-shot combinations and game-related statistics discriminating between winners and losers depending on the game location during the NBA COVID-19 season. Front Physiol 2022; 13:949445. [PMID: 36117700 PMCID: PMC9472127 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.949445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basketball in performance depends on numerous factors, where a stable trend was identified by winning teams with better performances in shooting effectiveness and rebounding. However, there is a need for a better understanding of pre-shot combinations that lead to these performance trends. This study aimed to analyze NBA teams’ game-related statistics, pre-shooting combinations, and pick-and-roll differences between winning and losing teams (considering the context: playing at home, away, or in a neutral court) during the COVID-19 season. A retrospective cross-sectional study on the 2019–2020 NBA season (906 games) was carried out. Game-related statistics were gathered from the private company InStat (https://basketball.instatscout.com/). The discriminant analysis and binary logistic regression models were run in order to discriminate the most important features of winning teams depending on the game location. The results showed that defensive rebounds and three-point shooting percentage remained the most important variables that best discriminated winners and losers independently of the game location context. The main results showed that winning teams had a better shooting percentage based on three-pointers, catch-and-shot actions, cuts, pick-and-roll efficacy, and uncontested shots based on a better collective behavior after a successful space creation dynamic through a tactical functional unit. At the same time, teams would need players with the ability to clear those possessions in which the opponents force to an isolation or a contested shot. From a practical application perspective, coaches should focus on composing a team with good shooters, skilled players in isolations, and a good game-time pick-and-roll strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel-Angel Gomez-Ruano
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio L. Jiménez-Sáiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Sport Studies, Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sergio L. Jiménez-Sáiz,
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Lazić A, Kocić M, Trajković N, Popa C, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Padulo J. Acute Effects of Caffeine on Overall Performance in Basketball Players—A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091930. [PMID: 35565897 PMCID: PMC9099691 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine supplementation has become increasingly popular among athletes. The benefits of caffeine include delaying the negative effects of fatigue, maintaining a high level of physical and mental performance, and improving certain abilities necessary for sport success. Given the complex nature of basketball, caffeine could be a legal, ergogenic stimulant substance, which will positively affect overall basketball performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize evidence for the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on variables related to the basketball performance. Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases were searched up to February 2021. Studies that measured the acute effect of caffeine on basketball performance were included and analyzed. Eight studies published between 2000 and 2021 were included in the analysis. Pre-exercise caffeine intake increased vertical jump height, running time at 10 and 20 m without the ball, overall basketball performance (number of body impacts, number of free throws, rebounds, and assists) during simulated games, and reduced the time required to perform a basketball-specific agility test. Equivocal results between caffeine and placebo groups were found for aerobic capacity, free throw and three-point accuracy, and dribbling speed. Pre-exercise caffeine ingestion did not affect RPE, but insomnia and urinary excretion were increased. The pre-exercise ingestion of 3 and 6 mg/kg caffeine was found to be effective in increasing several physical performance variables in basketball players during sport-specific testing and simulated matches. However, considering the intermittent nature and complexity of basketball, and individual differences between players, future studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lazić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (A.L.); (M.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Miodrag Kocić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (A.L.); (M.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (A.L.); (M.K.); (N.T.)
| | - Cristian Popa
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | | | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Gómez MA, Jiménez-Saiz SL. Game location effect in the NBA: A comparative analysis of playing at home, away and in a neutral court during the COVID-19 season. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2022.2062178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Gómez
- del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de MadridFacultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y , Madrid, Spain
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Nunes H, Iglesias X, Del Giacco L, Anguera MT. The Pick-and-Roll in Basketball From Deep Interviews of Elite Coaches: A Mixed Method Approach From Polar Coordinate Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:801100. [PMID: 35418925 PMCID: PMC8997293 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.801100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pick-and-roll is the most widespread cooperative action among high-level basketball teams and the most applied strategy by coaches to gain an advantage over the rival team. During pick-and-roll, opposing teams perform antagonistic actions based on goals that are expressed in offensive and defensive tactics. The aim of this study is to examine the approaches of high-level coaches on the offensive and defensive dynamics emerging in matches of a basketball elite team during an entire season of the Spanish Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto (ACB) league. To this end, we used a mixed-methods approach based on systematic observation of verbatim transcripts of interviews conducted with six high-level coaches about the pick-and-roll dynamics that emerged in matches of the Unicaja Málaga team during an entire season of the ACB league. The observational design was nomothetic, punctual, and multidimensional. The choice of this methodology is justified since we developed an ad hoc indirect observation tool to evaluate the coaches’ perspective on this dynamic. Once the intra-observer reliability of the instrument was confirmed, we performed a polar coordinate analysis to identify the significant relationships between the coaches’ evaluations and the offensive and defensive pick-and-roll elements that supported such verbal behaviors. The results highlight the presence of various offensive and defensive aspects of pick-and-roll (n = 2224) emerging in the Unicaja team that were significantly associated with positive and negative evaluations of the coaches. The interview confirms that coach 1 and his staff were less confident in options that pick-and-roll offer, which is also reflected in the record of screens made and simulated, than coach 3. This study shows that the application of mixed methods, by analysis of the polar coordinate of the coding carried out on responses of a systematized interview, has proven to be an effective strategy in obtaining relevant information on the expert knowledge of the elite coaches on the influence of pick-and-roll on tactical actions in basketball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermilo Nunes
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Iglesias
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Del Giacco
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Anguera
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Suzuki K, Nagai S, Iwai K, Furukawa T, Takemura M. How does the situation before a tackle influence a tackler's head placement in rugby union?: application of the decision tree analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000949. [PMID: 33791104 PMCID: PMC7978105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tacklers need to decide where to place their head based on the evasive manoeuvres of the ball-carrier and positional relationship with the ball-carrier before tackle. Therefore, it is difficult for tacklers to improve incorrect head placement at the moment of contact. Moreover, the characteristics prior to tackle have a relationship with the tackler's head placement. However, how situations lead to incorrect head placement remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify pre-contact situations that lead to incorrect head placement by using decision tree analysis. Methods Tackles leading to concussions were used to identify events that provoked injury using the video recordings of matches. Injury-free tackle was used as a control. All tackles were classified according to head placements and coded from seven pre-contact factors configured aspect of both tacklers and ball-carriers. Results Three situations that led to incorrect head placement were identified. Evasive manoeuvres implemented by the ball-carrier significantly contributed to the head placement at the time of contact. Conclusion Our findings suggest that tacklers should keep their heads up to identify the movements of the ball-carrier, which might lead to tackling the head on the correct side at the moment of tackling and decrease the risk of tackler-related concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwai
- Center of Humanities and Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuo Furukawa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takemura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Effect of Ball Screen and One-on-One on the Level of Opposition and Effectiveness of Shots in the ACB. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052676. [PMID: 33799944 PMCID: PMC7967641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In light of the importance of shots on the final result in basketball matches, this research aims to reveal the predictive ability of variables associated with different game actions (ball screen, one-on-one near the basket and one-on-one far away from the basket), shot zone (near to or far from the basket) and players' position (outside or inside) of the success of shots and of the type of shot, defended or not defended, in three seasons (2014 to 2016) of the Copa del Rey in the ACB (Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto) League in Spain. Observational methodology was used, and an ad hoc instrument was created using Lince software. The study was conducted on a total of 7695 game actions, of which an analysis of 877 shots was made using CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) classification trees. The results obtained in this research have led us to the following conclusions: (a) the most important variable in the success of shots is to find "open shots", regardless of the game action, (b) one-on-one actions outside and inside the zone have a clear connection to the finishes of the plays and end up in defended shots, (c) shots by ball screen lead to more open shots than in one-on-one and (d) play with passes may facilitate to find "open shots". These results can be of interest for coaches to prepare their teams in the best possible way, but they must be interpreted with caution as the sample was very specific (Copa del Rey in the ACB League) and, therefore, it is necessary to continue investigating this topic in other competition contexts.
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Ormo-Ribes E, Lavega-Burgués P, Rodríguez-Arregi R, Luchoro-Parrilla R, Rillo-Albert A, Pic M. Playing Ludomotor Activities in Lleida During the Spanish Civil War: An Ethnomotor Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 11:612623. [PMID: 33510689 PMCID: PMC7835208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional ludomotor activities (LA) are recognized by UNESCO as an intangible piece of cultural heritage. The ethnomotricity analyzes LA in its sociocultural context, taking into account the proprieties of rules or motor conditions (internal logic) and the link with local culture (external logic). The aim of this research was to identify and reveal the distinctive ethnomotor features of LA in order to understand the adaptations that occurred in the social scenario of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) in Lleida. The corpus of the research was constituted by 101 LA which were collected from the analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews. An “ad hoc” tool was designed and agreed upon by expert observers. It was comprised of a total of 27 ethnomotor variables related to LA. The experts achieved high reliability [Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 1] when the classification of LA was carried out on two different occasions. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations (Pearson’s chi-squared) effect sizes, and two-step clusters were performed by external and internal logic variables. The presence or absence of motor interaction (X2 = 9.029; df = 1; p < 0.003; ES = 0.298) was enlightening when comparing LA with and without a war connotation. On the other hand, the hierarchy of variables rested primarily on IL-Domain (Psycho-Coop-Oppo-Coop/Oppo) (PI = 1). Among other singularities, while two-step cluster analysis revealed a corresponding ethnomotor silhouette with cluster 1, with the warlike connotation (n = 48; 96.0%), its homologous structure was expressed (Cluster 2) in the absence of the warlike character (n = 26; 50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Ormo-Ribes
- Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), INDEST, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pere Lavega-Burgués
- Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), INDEST, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodríguez-Arregi
- Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), INDEST, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rafael Luchoro-Parrilla
- Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), INDEST, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Aaron Rillo-Albert
- Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), INDEST, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Pic
- Motor Action Research Group (GIAM), Institute of Sport, Tourism, and Service, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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18
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Vencúrik T, Nykodým J, Bokůvka D, Rupčić T, Knjaz D, Dukarić V, Struhár I. Determinants of Dribbling and Passing Skills in Competitive Games of Women's Basketball. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031165. [PMID: 33525670 PMCID: PMC7908611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the influence of selected endogenous (internal load) and exogenous (possession duration, game quarter, and defensive pressure) factors in natural game conditions on the efficiency of dribbling and passing skills. Dribbling and passing skills were assessed during four games of U19 female basketball players and five games of senior (2nd division) female basketball players. In total, 551 dribbling and 914 passing executions were evaluated. Binary logistic regression identified defensive pressure of the opponent as a predictor of dribbling and passing skills effectivity. When the defensive pressure of the opponent was medium, the chances for the ineffective pass were 1.997 times more likely (95% CI; 1.179-3.383), as it is at the minimum defensive pressure. When the defensive pressure of the opponent was high, the chances for ineffective dribbling were 7.45 times more likely (95% CI; 3.672-15.113) and for ineffective pass were 8.419 times more likely (95% CI; 4.6-15.409), as it is at minimum defensive pressure. The game quarter and the internal load were not identified as the predictors influencing the dribbling and passing effectivity. Possession duration was also an insignificant predictor of dribbling and passing skills effectivity. However, the passing skill effectivity decreases when the shot clock is winding down. These findings confirm the importance of transferring game situations into the training process. Coaches should take into account these factors when they want to stimulate determinants of player performance in a balanced and systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vencúrik
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiří Nykodým
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominik Bokůvka
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Tomislav Rupčić
- Laboratory for Sports Games, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.R.); (D.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Damir Knjaz
- Laboratory for Sports Games, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.R.); (D.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Vedran Dukarić
- Laboratory for Sports Games, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.R.); (D.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Ivan Struhár
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Matulaitis K, Bietkis T. Prediction of Offensive Possession Ends in Elite Basketball Teams. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031083. [PMID: 33530475 PMCID: PMC7908613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In basketball, the end of the ball possession has been described as one of the most important determinants of successful offensive play by a team. The present study aimed to: (i) investigate outcomes according to the play types of ends of the ball possession; (ii) find the most efficient ball possessions during the game; (iii) predict most efficient ends of the ball possession by time in an elite basketball competition. The sample was composed of 38,640 situations of ends of the ball possession from 240 games of the 2017-2018 regular season of the men's Euroleague that were quantitatively analyzed. According to the results, the predictive model can be used in modern basketball. The most efficient ends of the ball possession are the 2-point field goals on the fast break (78.2%), cuts (64.8%), pick and roll (P&R) screener (61.5%), and transition and offensive rebound (57.4%) situations. This information allows a better collective understanding of basketball, and it could be a great tool to use for coaches to prove which tactical solutions are to be considered when improving offense and defense strategies. It also contributes to the design of precise practice tasks of the coach that improve the game.
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20
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Gryko K, Mikołajec K, Marszałek J, Adamczyk JG, Molik B, Waśkiewicz Z, Nikolaidis P, Knechtle B. How did basketball teams win EuroBasket 2015? A non-standard analysis of performance based on passes, dribbling and turnovers. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1749013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gryko
- Department of Individual and Team Sports, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Mikołajec
- Department of Basketball, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Marszałek
- Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk
- Department of Sports Theory, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Molik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Institute of Sport Science, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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21
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Remmert H, Lysien M. Analyse der Interaktionen im direkten Block als vorbereitende und abschließende Angriffshandlung in zufällig ausgewählten Hauptrundenspielen der easyCredit Basketball Bundesliga 2017/18. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-020-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer direkte Block (engl. „ball screen“, meist als Pick & Roll mit Abrollen des Blockstellers zum Korb ausgeführt) besitzt seit vielen Jahren einen hohen Stellenwert im Leistungsbasketball und wird in Positions- und Schnellangriffen gegen Mann-Mann- sowie Ball-Raum-Verteidigungsvarianten eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Studie analysiert die Häufigkeiten und Erfolgsquoten direkter Blocks zur Vorbereitung finaler Abschlusshandlungen und als direkte Abschlusshandlung anhand einer Zufallsstichprobe der Hauptrundenspiele der easyCredit Basketball Bundesliga 2017/18. Insgesamt 2555 Angriffssequenzen wurden mit einem an Remmert angelehnten Kategoriensystem mit Hilfe der Spielanalysesoftware utilius vs® detailliert beschrieben und quantitativ ausgewertet. Mit 19,9 % der Abschlusshandlungen und 26,4 % der vorbereitenden Abschlusshandlungen ist der quantitative Anteil der Blocks im Vergleich zu aktuellen internationalen Studien (siehe „Problemstellung“) niedrig. Die Erfolgsquote liegt jedoch mit durchschnittlich 1,22 Punkten pro Angriffsversuch (PPA) höher als die 1,16 PPA der 1‑gegen-1-Abschlüsse. 86,7 % der direkten Blocks zum Angriffsabschluss werden als aktive Blocks gestellt und sind mit 1,25 PPA überdurchschnittlich erfolgreich. Das Über-den-Block-Gehen und Switch sind die häufigsten Verteidigungsvarianten gegen direkte Blocks, erstere ist mit nur 1,08 zugelassenen PPA deutlich erfolgreicher. Die häufigste offensive Lösung im direkten Block ist der Wurf des Ballbesitzers, der mit 1,13 PPA jedoch nur mäßig lukrativ ist. Durchbruch und Abrollen sind mit 1,28 und 1,31 PPA effektiver. Gewinnerteams erzielen durchschnittlich 1,33 PPA aus direkten Blocks zum Angriffsabschluss, Verliererteams nur 1,10 PPA. Sie sind damit deutlich effektiver und verteidigen erfolgreicher.
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Use of Machine Learning to Automate the Identification of Basketball Strategies Using Whole Team Player Tracking Data. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of machine learning to identify and classify offensive and defensive strategies in team sports through spatio-temporal tracking data has received significant interest recently in the literature and the global sport industry. This paper focuses on data-driven defensive strategy learning in basketball. Most research to date on basketball strategy learning has focused on offensive effectiveness and is based on the interaction between the on-ball player and principle on-ball defender, thereby ignoring the contribution of the remaining players. Furthermore, most sports analytical systems that provide play-by-play data is heavily biased towards offensive metrics such as passes, dribbles, and shots. The aim of the current study was to use machine learning to classify the different defensive strategies basketball players adopt when deviating from their initial defensive action. An analytical model was developed to recognise the one-on-one (matched) relationships of the players, which is utilised to automatically identify any change of defensive strategy. A classification model is developed based on a player and ball tracking dataset from National Basketball Association (NBA) game play to classify the adopted defensive strategy against pick-and-roll play. The methodology described is the first to analyse the defensive strategy of all in-game players (both on-ball players and off-ball players). The cross-validation results indicate that the proposed technique for automatic defensive strategy identification can achieve up to 69% accuracy of classification. Machine learning techniques, such as the one adopted here, have the potential to enable a deeper understanding of player decision making and defensive game strategies in basketball and other sports, by leveraging the player and ball tracking data.
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Ibáñez SJ, García-Rubio J, Rodríguez-Serrano D, Feu S. Development of a Knockout Competition in Basketball: A Study of the Spanish Copa del Rey. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2457. [PMID: 31780986 PMCID: PMC6856470 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance in basketball has been widely studied with regard to the results of the game using competition statistics. Few studies have analyzed the play process from a dynamic viewpoint regarding tactical actions and styles of play. The general objective of this research was to analyze the development in the styles of play of the teams participating in the Spanish Copa del Rey by studying the development of ball possessions (from start to finish) and the styles of play (attack and defense phases). The specific aim was to identify the relations between how possessions end and the style of play, as well as the relation between the duration of possession and the action of shooting and efficacy of the possession. All the matches corresponding to the Spanish Copa del Rey in basketball in the seasons 2015/2016, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018 were analyzed, comprising a total of 3,865 possessions. To this end, two groups of variables were characterized, which made it possible to define play, the development of possession (start and finish), and the style of play (attack and defense phase). An exploratory and descriptive analysis of the situational variables, development of possession, and style of play was carried out to characterize the competition. The Chi-squared test and Cramer's V coefficient were used to estimate the association among the categorical variables, interpreting the association among the categories using contingency tables. The results show a greater number of attacks in the final stages of the matches, with short possessions that end in baskets or rebounds, and positional attacks and individual half-court defenses predominating. There were more shots in positional attacks and more fouls in transitions. It also was apparent that the competition is developing from 1 year to another. The Spanish Copa del Rey competition changes from season to season, revealing slight modifications in the teams' styles of play, although there is stability in the fundamental play parameters, like the predominance of man-to-man defense, the duration of the attacks, and the use of screens. The style of play conditions the finalization of the possession.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier García-Rubio
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Sebastián Feu
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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24
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Ibáñez SJ, Martinez-Fernández S, Gonzalez-Espinosa S, García-Rubio J, Feu S. Designing and Validating a Basketball Learning and Performance Assessment Instrument (BALPAI). Front Psychol 2019; 10:1595. [PMID: 31354590 PMCID: PMC6635796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The assessment of learning in basketball in the PE class, and in training sessions of young players, requires valid, reliable, and trustworthy tools. The purpose of this research was to design and validate the Basketball Learning and Performance Assessment Instrument (BALPAI) that assesses simultaneously decision making, technical execution and efficacy. The play actions are codified using a categorical system, awarding a score for each category (1 = inadequate action; 2 = neutral action 3 = adequate action). An example of a summative procedure for assessing decision making in dribbling is: (1) Dribbling to a place where there is defensive pressure and there is a free teammate able to receive the pass; (2) Dribbling to a place where there is defensive pressure or a free teammate able to receive the pass; (3) Dribbling through a space where there is no defensive pressure and no free teammate able to receive the pass. Methods A pilot study was performed following this procedure. A group of 13 experts participated in the assessment of the 33 elements (66 items) included in the BALPAI. Aiken's V formula was used to analyze content validity, and internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's α. Inter-observer reliability was determined among three observers who used the BALPAI to record the play actions in a 3 × 3 basketball match (N = 45 possessions) and was calculated with the Multirater κfree, obtaining an almost perfect agreement with values between 0.84 and 1. Results The BALPAI has very high internal consistency (0.969), Interobserver reliability was almost perfect (>0.84 in all items) and Aiken's V coefficient (>0.71 in all items) attained a high value. Conclusion The BALPAI proved to be a valid tool, with high internal consistency and reliability that makes it possible to perform a complete assessment of basketball in PE classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J Ibáñez
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Fernández
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,Cáceres Club Baloncesto, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - Sebastián Feu
- Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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25
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Remmert H, Chau AT. Players’ decisions within ball screens in elite German men’s basketball: observation of offensive–defensive interactions using a process-orientated state-event model. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1534198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Remmert
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anh-Tuan Chau
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Koutsouridis C, Karamousalidis G, Galazoulas C. The efficacy of “High Pick and Roll” in relation to the defence’s reaction and its effect on the result of the game. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1501983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koutsouridis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Karamousalidis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Galazoulas
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pérez‐Sánchez JM, Salmerón‐Gómez R, Ocaña‐Peinado FM. A Bayesian asymmetric logistic model of factors underlying team success in top‐level basketball in Spain. STAT NEERL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/stan.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José María Pérez‐Sánchez
- Campus Universitario de Tafira, s/n. Department of Applied Economic AnalysisUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas 35017 Spain
| | - Román Salmerón‐Gómez
- Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and BusinessUniversity of Granada Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Francisco M. Ocaña‐Peinado
- Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. Department of Statistics and Operation ResearchUniversity of Granada Granada 18071 Spain
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Ávila-Moreno FM, Chirosa-Ríos LJ, Ureña-Espá A, Lozano-Jarque D, Ulloa-Díaz D. Evaluation of tactical performance in invasion team sports: a systematic review. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1460054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Aurelio Ureña-Espá
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - David Ulloa-Díaz
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of Most Holy Conception, Conception, Chile
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29
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Çene E. What is the difference between a winning and a losing team: insights from Euroleague basketball. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1446234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Çene
- Department of Statistics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Defensive Rebounds Discriminate Winners from Losers in European but not in Asian Women’s Basketball Championships. Asian J Sports Med 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.67428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Madarame H. Age and sex differences in game-related statistics which discriminate winners from losers in elite basketball games. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Lorenzo Calvo J, Menéndez García A, Navandar A. Analysis of mismatch after ball screens in Spanish professional basketball. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1367999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Archit Navandar
- Sports Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Bredt SGT, Morales JCP, Andrade AGP, Torres JO, Peixoto GH, Greco PJ, Praça GM, Chagas MH. Space Creation Dynamics in Basketball Small-Sided Games. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 125:162-176. [PMID: 28799865 DOI: 10.1177/0031512517725445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Space creation dynamics (SCDs) describe actions players perform to create a scoring opportunity. This study compared SCDs and types of offense during three different three versus three (3vs.3) basketball small-sided games (SSGs) played in half court: 3vs.3 with man-to-man defense in half playing area (3vs.3HALF), 3vs.3 with man-to-man defense in full playing area (3vs.3FULL), and 3vs.3 with reduced shot clock (3vs.3RT). We also investigated the efficacy of SCDs in all SSGs and the reliability of SCDs in 3vs.3HALF. While the efficacy of SCDs did not differ among these SSGs, 3vs.3RT presented significantly more "space creation with ball dribbled" and "shot clock violations," and less "on ball screens." 3vs.3FULL presented no differences in the SCDs and types of offense compared with 3vs.3HALF. Reliability within 3vs.3HALF was higher for "space creation with ball dribbled," "space creation without the ball," "set offenses," "fast breaks," and "loss of ball during passing or dribbling." We concluded that 3vs.3 basketball SSGs with different rules can be used for training different tactical behaviors important to formal games, especially since the 3vs.3HALF presented good reliability for many variables related to tactical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G T Bredt
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Juan C P Morales
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - André G P Andrade
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Juliana O Torres
- 2 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 98729 Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Peixoto
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Pablo J Greco
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Gibson M Praça
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Mauro H Chagas
- 1 Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Brazil
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34
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Game-Related Statistics Which Discriminate Between Winning and Losing Teams in Asian and European Men’s Basketball Championships. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.42727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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Courel-Ibáñez J, McRobert AP, Toro EO, Vélez DC. Collective behaviour in basketball: a systematic review. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1303982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Allistair P. McRobert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Enrique Ortega Toro
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Cárdenas Vélez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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36
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Gómez MÁ, Moral J, Lago-Peñas C. Multivariate analysis of ball possessions effectiveness in elite futsal. J Sports Sci 2015; 33:2173-81. [PMID: 26280547 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1075168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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