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Alsharairi NA. Antioxidant Intake and Biomarkers of Asthma in Relation to Smoking Status-A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5099-5117. [PMID: 37367073 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is considered a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Increased oxidative stress (OS) is a clinical feature of asthma, which promotes the inflammatory responses in bronchial/airway epithelial cells. Smokers and nonsmokers with asthma have been shown to have increases in several OS and inflammatory biomarkers. However, studies suggest significant differences in OS and inflammation biomarkers between smokers and nonsmokers. A few studies suggest associations between antioxidant intake from diet/supplements and asthma in patients with different smoking status. Evidence is lacking on the protective role of antioxidant vitamin and/or mineral consumption against asthma by smoking status with respect to inflammation and OS biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge regarding the relations between antioxidant intake, asthma, and its associated biomarkers, according to smoking status. This paper can be used to guide future research directions towards the health consequences of antioxidant intake in smoking and nonsmoking asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast P.O. Box 4222, QLD, Australia
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Kumar R, Vennilavan RN, Spalgais S. Asthma phenotype: Clinical, physiological, and biochemical profiles of North Indian patients. Lung India 2022; 39:121-128. [PMID: 35259794 PMCID: PMC9053927 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_334_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Asthma is a common, chronic and heterogeneous disease with various phenotypes. The clinical phenotypes has aided in revealing the genetic heterogeneity, provide education, life style advice and novel biological treatments. The few common factors associated with phenotypes are smoking, rhinitis and obesity. The present study was thus planned to analyse and correlate the clinical, physiological, biochemical and serological parameters of asthma and to study the phenotypic characteristics in different asthmatic. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 120 patients with 30 each in BA-rhinitis, BA, BA-obesity and BA smoker phenotypes. All the enrolled patients were assessed by SGRQ, Mini-AQLQ, GINA with ACE, chest X ray, Spirometry, SPT against common aero-allergens, FENO, hsCRP, vitamin-D, IgE, and Interleukins (IL) including IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17 and IL-33. The mentioned profiles of each phenotype correlated and characterized among different phenotypes. Results: The majority of patients 78(65%) were female with mean BMI of 24.07±4.73kg/m2. Majority of the patient in BA and BA-rhinitis phenotype are in mild severity and young compared to majority in BA-obesity and BA-smoker are moderate to severe severity with older. (p<0.001) The SPT and FENO level were highest among BA-rhinitis phenotype with significant difference among phenotypes. (p<0.001) Similarly the most of inflammatory markers were significantly different in various phenotypes. The FEV1 showed correlation with most of parameters with statistically significant correlation with IL-5, IL-8 and FENO. Conclusion: The majority of parameters were significantly different among various phenotypes. We advise to phenotypic classification of asthma whenever possible for better management and quality of life.
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Pan L, Liao B, Guo CL, Liu JX, Wang H, Long XB, Liu Z. Inflammatory features and predictors for postsurgical outcomes in patients with nasal polyps stratified by local and systemic eosinophilia. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:846-856. [PMID: 33012136 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we aimed to identify inflammatory patterns and predictors associated with clinical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients with different blood and tissue eosinophilia. METHODS A total of 535 CRSwNP patients were enrolled, and the expression of 35 biomarkers, together with eosinophil and neutrophil counts in nasal polyps, were analyzed in a subset of 249 patients. Patients were stratified on the basis of blood (≥0.5 × 109 /L) and tissue (>10%) eosinophilia. Logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of uncontrolled disease at least 1 year after surgery. Uncontrolled disease was defined according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. RESULTS Among 535 patients, 38.5% showed inconsistent blood and tissue eosinophilia. In 249 CRSwNP patients, subjects with concomitant blood and tissue eosinophilia (group 1) showed marked mucosal type 2 inflammation, characterized by high levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and eotaxin-1, whereas subjects with normal blood and tissue eosinophil levels (group 4) demonstrated significant local neutrophilic inflammation with high expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and subjects with selective tissue eosinophilia (group 2) showed intermediate and mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. Subjects with isolated blood eosinophilia (group 3) showed low expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-10. Asthma, prior sinus surgery, and blood eosinophilia were the top 3 predictors for postsurgical uncontrolled disease. For subgroup analysis, sex in group 1, asthma in group 2, tissue IL-10 and immunoglobulin E in group 3, and prior sinus surgery in group 4 were the strongest predictors of uncontrolled disease, respectively. CONCLUSION Different blood and tissue eosinophilia revealed distinct tissue inflammatory patterns in CRSwNP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cui-Lian Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jin-Xin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Long
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Hillary RF, Trejo-Banos D, Kousathanas A, McCartney DL, Harris SE, Stevenson AJ, Patxot M, Ojavee SE, Zhang Q, Liewald DC, Ritchie CW, Evans KL, Tucker-Drob EM, Wray NR, McRae AF, Visscher PM, Deary IJ, Robinson MR, Marioni RE. Multi-method genome- and epigenome-wide studies of inflammatory protein levels in healthy older adults. Genome Med 2020; 12:60. [PMID: 32641083 PMCID: PMC7346642 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular factors which control circulating levels of inflammatory proteins are not well understood. Furthermore, association studies between molecular probes and human traits are often performed by linear model-based methods which may fail to account for complex structure and interrelationships within molecular datasets. METHODS In this study, we perform genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS/EWAS) on the levels of 70 plasma-derived inflammatory protein biomarkers in healthy older adults (Lothian Birth Cohort 1936; n = 876; Olink® inflammation panel). We employ a Bayesian framework (BayesR+) which can account for issues pertaining to data structure and unknown confounding variables (with sensitivity analyses using ordinary least squares- (OLS) and mixed model-based approaches). RESULTS We identified 13 SNPs associated with 13 proteins (n = 1 SNP each) concordant across OLS and Bayesian methods. We identified 3 CpG sites spread across 3 proteins (n = 1 CpG each) that were concordant across OLS, mixed-model and Bayesian analyses. Tagged genetic variants accounted for up to 45% of variance in protein levels (for MCP2, 36% of variance alone attributable to 1 polymorphism). Methylation data accounted for up to 46% of variation in protein levels (for CXCL10). Up to 66% of variation in protein levels (for VEGFA) was explained using genetic and epigenetic data combined. We demonstrated putative causal relationships between CD6 and IL18R1 with inflammatory bowel disease and between IL12B and Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS Our data may aid understanding of the molecular regulation of the circulating inflammatory proteome as well as causal relationships between inflammatory mediators and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel Trejo-Banos
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kousathanas
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marion Patxot
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Erik Ojavee
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elliot M Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Matthew R Robinson
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Kuo HW, Liu TH, Tsou HH, Hsu YT, Wang SC, Fang CP, Liu CC, Chen ACH, Liu YL. Inflammatory chemokine eotaxin-1 is correlated with age in heroin dependent patients under methadone maintenance therapy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 183:19-24. [PMID: 29222992 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of central neurons and fibers has been observed in postmortem brains of heroin dependent patients. However, there are no biomarkers to predict the severity of neurodegeneration related to heroin dependence. A correlation has been reported between inflammatory C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11, or eotaxin-1) and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Three-hundred-forty-four heroin dependent, Taiwanese patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) were included with clinical assessment and genomics information. Eighty-seven normal control subjects were also recruited for comparison. RESULTS Using receiver operating characteristics curve analyses, CCL11 showed the strongest sensitivity and specificity in correlation with age by a cut-off at 45 years (AUC = 0.69, P < 0.0001) in MMT patients, but not normal controls. Patients 45 years of age or older had significantly higher plasma levels of CCL11, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), nicotine metabolite cotinine, and a longer duration of addiction. Plasma level of CCL11 was correlated with that of FGF-2 (partial r2 = 0.24, P < 0.0001). Carriers with the mutant allele of rs1129844, a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (Ala23Thr) in the CCL11 gene, showed a higher plasma level of Aß42, ratio of Aß42/Aß40, and insomnia side effect symptom score than the GG genotype carriers among MMT responders with morphine-negative urine results. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest possible novel mechanisms mediated through CCL11 involving neurotoxicity in heroin dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Andrew C H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Montaño-Velázquez BB, Flores-Rojas EB, García-Vázquez FJ, Jurado-Hernandez S, Venancio Hernández MA, Alanis Flores AK, Jáuregui-Renaud K. Effect of cigarette smoke on counts of immunoreactive cells to eotaxin-1 and eosinophils on the nasal mucosa in young patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 83:420-425. [PMID: 27287302 PMCID: PMC9442755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In teenagers with perennial allergic rhinitis, exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke increases the count of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa; the recruitment of eosinophils arises from the combined action of a number of cellular and molecular signals, including eotaxin. Objective To assess the effect of exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke on the count of immunoreactive cells to eotaxin-1 and eosinophils on the nasal mucosa of children and teenagers with perennial allergic rhinitis. Methods In a cross-sectional study, forty-four patients were evaluated (aged 7–19 years old): 22 with and 22 with no exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke. After replying to 2 validated questionnaires, on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood and on the severity of nasal symptoms, nasal mucosal samples were obtained by scraping the middle one-third of the inferior turbinates. Then counts of immunoreactive cells to eotaxin-1 and eosinophils were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Patients with exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke showed higher cell counts of both eotaxin-1 and eosinophils than patients with no exposure to the smoke, with no correlation between the two variables. However, both counts, of eotaxin-1 and eosinophils, were related to the cotinine/creatinine ratio. Conclusions Exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke can increase eotaxin-1 and the count of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of young patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eulalia Beatriz Flores-Rojas
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Service of Otorhinolaryngology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Silvio Jurado-Hernandez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Service of Otorhinolaryngology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Venancio Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CMN La Raza, Hospital de Especialidades, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Kathya Alanis Flores
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CMN La Raza, Hospital de Especialidades, Service of Immunology and Allergy, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional sXXI, P.B. Edificio C Salud en el Trabajo, Medical Research Unit in Otoneurology, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation rich in eosinophils. Airway eosinophilia is associated with exacerbations and has been suggested to play a role in airway remodelling. Recruitment of eosinophils from the circulation requires that blood eosinophils become activated, leading to their arrest on the endothelium and extravasation. Circulating eosinophils can be envisioned as potentially being in different activation states, including non-activated, pre-activated or 'primed', or fully activated. In addition, the circulation can potentially be deficient of pre-activated or activated eosinophils, because such cells have marginated on activated endothelium or extravasated into the tissue. A number of eosinophil surface proteins, including CD69, L-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1, CD162), cytokine receptors, Fc receptors, integrins including αM integrin (CD11b), and activated conformations of Fc receptors and integrins, have been proposed to report cell activation. Variation in eosinophil activation states may be associated with asthma activity. Eosinophil surface proteins proposed to be activation markers, with a particular focus on integrins, and evidence for associations between activation states of blood eosinophils and features of asthma are reviewed here. Partial activation of β1 and β2 integrins on blood eosinophils, reported by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) N29 and KIM-127, is associated with impaired pulmonary function and airway eosinophilia, respectively, in non-severe asthma. The association with lung function does not occur in severe asthma, presumably due to greater eosinophil extravasation, specifically of activated or pre-activated cells, in severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Westergaard CG, Porsbjerg C, Backer V. The effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation in young asthma patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:353-61. [PMID: 24286379 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking has been shown to have several detrimental effects on asthma, including poor symptom control, attenuated treatment response and accelerated decline in lung function. In spite of this, smoking is at least as common among asthma patients as in the rest of the population. The aggravations of smoking on asthma may be caused by effects on airway inflammation, which has been found to be changed in asthmatic smokers. It is not known whether these smoking-induced airway inflammation changes are reversible after smoking cessation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess airway changes in asthmatic smokers before and during smoking cessation. METHODS Forty-six smokers with asthma, all steroid-free (age range: 19-40), were recruited. All participants attempted smoking cessation over a period of 3 months. Visits were performed at weeks 0, 6 and 12 and included induced sputum, FeNO, methacholine challenge, lung function, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ6) and exhaled CO. RESULTS Twenty-six of 46 patients succeeded in quitting smoking. In the quitters, improvements in methacholine AHR (77% before and 52% after smoking cessation, respectively, P = 0.016) and ACQ6 score (1.7-0.7, P = 0.034) and FeNO (8.7-14.8 p.p.b., P = 0.002) were observed, whereas no significant changes were found regarding eosinophils or lung function. A small but significant decrease in neutrophils (54.1-52%, P = 0.003) was present in quitters compared with the non-quitters. Non-quitters experienced no changes in any parameters. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation improved asthma control, but the changes were not related to change in eosinophilic inflammation, and the reduction in neutrophils was small. Thus, airway inflammation with eosinophils and neutrophils may be less important drivers of asthma control in smokers than other factors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Smoking cessation may improve clinically important disease parameters such as AHR and symptom score, but likely unrelated to changes in airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Westergaard
- Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bade G, Khan MA, Srivastava AK, Khare P, Solaiappan KK, Guleria R, Palaniyar N, Talwar A. Serum cytokine profiling and enrichment analysis reveal the involvement of immunological and inflammatory pathways in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:759-73. [PMID: 25125975 PMCID: PMC4130715 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s61347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem. It results from chronic inflammation and causes irreversible airway damage. Levels of different serum cytokines could be surrogate biomarkers for inflammation and lung function in COPD. We aimed to determine the serum levels of different biomarkers in COPD patients, the association between cytokine levels and various prognostic parameters, and the key pathways/networks involved in stable COPD. In this study, serum levels of 48 cytokines were examined by multiplex assays in 30 subjects (control, n=9; COPD, n=21). Relationships between serum biomarkers and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak oxygen uptake, body mass index, dyspnea score, and smoking were assessed. Enrichment pathways and network analyses were implemented, using a list of cytokines showing differential expression between healthy controls and patients with COPD by Cytoscape and GeneGo Metacore™ software (Thomson-Reuters Corporation, New York, NY, USA). Concentrations of cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine, eotaxin, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-16, and stem cell factor are significantly higher in COPD patients compared with in control patients. Notably, this study identifies stem cell factor as a biomarker for COPD. Multiple regression analysis predicts that cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine, eotaxin, IL-6, and stem cell factor are inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak oxygen uptake change, whereas smoking is related to eotaxin and hepatocyte growth factor changes. Enrichment pathways and network analyses reveal the potential involvement of specific inflammatory and immune process pathways in COPD. Identified network interaction and regulation of different cytokines would pave the way for deeper insight into mechanisms of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Bade
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Parul Khare
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Wu D, Zhou J, Bi H, Li L, Gao W, Huang M, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ, Yao X. CCL11 as a potential diagnostic marker for asthma? J Asthma 2014; 51:847-54. [PMID: 24796647 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.917659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway eosinophilia, in which CCL11 (eotaxin) plays a crucial role. The aim of study is to determine the elevation of CCL11 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and sputum in asthma patients and to identify which medium yields the most significant change in CCL11 level. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Centre Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to September 2013. Controlled clinical trials that focused on CCL11 concentrations in asthma patients and controls, and their correlations with other asthma indicators were obtained. Data were analysed using Stata 12.0. RESULTS Thirty studies were included in this investigation. CCL11 levels in blood, EBC and sputum were significantly higher in asthma patients than in healthy subjects. Sputum CCL11 concentrations were significantly elevated in unstable asthma patients versus stable asthma patients and in uncontrolled asthma patients versus partially controlled asthma patients. CCL11 levels in sputum and blood were negatively correlated with the lung function as measured by FEV1% predicted, and were positively correlated with BALF, EBC and sputum eosinophil counts. Similarly, CCL11 concentrations were positively correlated with eosinophil cationic protein in EBC, blood and sputum as well as with interleukin-5 in sputum and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in EBC. Steroid treatment had no significant effect on CCL11 levels. CONCLUSIONS CCL11 is a potentially useful biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of asthma severity and control, especially in sputum. CCL11 is crucial in eosinophil chemoattraction and activation in asthma pathogenesis. Further studies using anti-CCL11 approaches are needed to confirm a role for CCL11 in asthma pathogenesis particularly in patients with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Guangzhou Road, Nanjing , China and
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Johansson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI USA
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12
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Yildiz F, Dursun AB, Disçi R. Prevalence of asthmatic smokers: Turkish experience (PASTE Study). CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 8:350-6. [PMID: 24279873 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both asthma and smoking are major health problems worldwide, smokers are often excluded from asthma studies. OBJECTIVES It was aimed to verify the prevalence of asthmatic smokers in Turkey and assess the effects of smoking based on clinical parameters, exacerbations and hospitalizations because of lack of national data about the prevalence of smoking among asthmatics. METHODS The study protocol was comprised of a retrospective questionnaire. The asthmatic patients were followed in the outpatient clinics of 18 tertiary hospitals selected from seven different geographical regions in Turkey. We evaluated demographic data, smoking habits, asthma-related diseases, respiratory function and emergency visits. RESULTS The study population included 1385 patients (M/F: 343/1042), and the mean age was 45.1 ± 14.0 years. Current and former smoking prevalence was 11.4% and 15.1%, respectively. Smoker rates were higher in males and younger asthmatics compared with females and older asthmatics (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Smoking history ranged from 0.20 to 90 pack-years (the mean was 12.9), and smokers had a higher level of education compared with nonsmokers (P < 0.01). Socioeconomically, the most developed region had the highest rate of smoker asthmatics (33.9%; P = 0.014). There was an increase in the number of exacerbations in smoker asthmatics during the previous year, but it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We showed that the smoking prevalence in Turkey was lower in asthmatics (11.4%) compared with the general population (44.5%). Nevertheless, every effort should be made to encourage asthmatics to stop smoking because smoking is a modifiable risk factor for adverse asthma health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Yildiz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Kocaeli University School Of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Telenga ED, Kerstjens HAM, Ten Hacken NHT, Postma DS, van den Berge M. Inflammation and corticosteroid responsiveness in ex-, current- and never-smoking asthmatics. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:58. [PMID: 24053453 PMCID: PMC3849864 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that smoking asthmatics benefit less from corticosteroid treatment than never-smoking asthmatics. We investigated differences in blood and sputum inflammatory profiles between ex-, current-, and never-smokers and assessed their ICS treatment response after 2-week and 1-year treatment. METHODS We analyzed FEV1, PC20 methacholine and PC20 AMP, (differential) cell counts in sputum and blood in ex-, current- and never-smokers at baseline (n=114), after 2-week treatment with fluticasone 500 or 2000 μg/day (n=76) and after 1-year treatment with fluticasone 500 μg/day or a variable dose of fluticasone based on a self-management plan (n=64). RESULTS A total of 114 patients were included (29 ex-, 30 current- and 55 never-smokers. At baseline, ex- and current-smokers had less eosinophils in sputum and blood than never-smokers. Blood neutrophil counts were higher in current- than in never-smokers. A higher number of cigarettes smoked daily was associated with lower blood and sputum eosinophils. After 2-week ICS treatment, FEV1 %predicted improved less in current-smokers than never-smokers (2.4% versus 8.1%, p=0.010) and ex-smokers tended to improve less than never-smokers (4.1%, p=0.067). In contrast, no differences in ICS treatment response in lung function or inflammatory cells were found between the three groups after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Ex- and current-smokers have less eosinophils and more neutrophils in their sputum and blood than never-smokers. Although ex- and current-smokers have a reduced short-term corticosteroid treatment response, we did not find a difference in their long-term treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef D Telenga
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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The α(1)AT and TIMP-1 Gene Polymorphism in the Development of Asthma. Comp Funct Genomics 2012; 2012:968267. [PMID: 23226977 PMCID: PMC3512250 DOI: 10.1155/2012/968267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma has been an inflammatory disorder accompanied by tissue remodeling and protease-antiprotease imbalance in lungs. The SNPs of alpha-1 antitrypsin (α(1)AT) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) genes were studied for their association with asthma. Genotyping of α(1)AT and TIMP-1 genes was performed in 202 asthmatics and 204 controls. Serum levels of α(1)AT, TIMP-1 and cytokines were estimated to find if the interplay between genotypes and cellular biomarkers determines the pathogenesis of asthma. The analysis of results showed significantly low level of α(1)AT in the serum of asthmatics as compared to controls (P = 0.001), whereas cytokines were elevated in patients. No significant difference was observed in the concentration of TIMP-1 in patients and controls. Genotyping led to the identification of 3 SNPs (Val213Ala, Glu363Lys, and Glu376Asp) in α(1)AT gene. The novel SNP Glu363Lys of α(1)AT was found to be associated with asthma (P = 0.001). The analysis of TIMP-1 gene showed the occurrence of seven SNPs, including a novel intronic SNP at base G3774A. The allele frequency of G3774A and Phe124Phe was significantly higher in asthmatics as compared to controls. Thus, the SNP Glu363Lys of α(1)AT and G3774A and Phe124Phe of TIMP-1 could be important genetic markers for use in better management of the disease.
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Fattahi F, Hylkema MN, Melgert BN, Timens W, Postma DS, ten Hacken NHT. Smoking and nonsmoking asthma: differences in clinical outcome and pathogenesis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 5:93-105. [PMID: 21348590 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking in asthma is frequently present and is associated with worsening of symptoms, accelerated lung-function decline, a higher frequency of hospital admissions, a higher degree of asthma severity, poorer asthma control and reduced responsiveness to corticosteroids. Furthermore, it is associated with reduced numbers of eosinophils and higher numbers of mast cells in the submucosa of the airway wall. Airway remodeling is increased as evidenced by increased epithelial thickness and goblet cell hyperplasia in smoking asthmatics. The pathogenesis responsible for smoking-induced changes in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma is complex and largely unknown. The underlying mechanism of reduced corticosteroid responsiveness is also unknown. This article discusses differences between smoking and nonsmoking asthmatics regarding the clinical expression of asthma, lung function, response to corticosteroids, airway inflammation and remodeling processes. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms that may explain the links between cigarette smoking and changes in the clinical expression of asthma will be discussed, as well as the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fattahi
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Maes T, Provoost S, Lanckacker EA, Cataldo DD, Vanoirbeek JAJ, Nemery B, Tournoy KG, Joos GF. Mouse models to unravel the role of inhaled pollutants on allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Respir Res 2010; 11:7. [PMID: 20092634 PMCID: PMC2831838 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollutant exposure has been linked to a rise in wheezing illnesses. Clinical data highlight that exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke (MS) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as well as exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) could promote allergic sensitization or aggravate symptoms of asthma, suggesting a role for these inhaled pollutants in the pathogenesis of asthma. Mouse models are a valuable tool to study the potential effects of these pollutants in the pathogenesis of asthma, with the opportunity to investigate their impact during processes leading to sensitization, acute inflammation and chronic disease. Mice allow us to perform mechanistic studies and to evaluate the importance of specific cell types in asthma pathogenesis. In this review, the major clinical effects of tobacco smoke and diesel exhaust exposure regarding to asthma development and progression are described. Clinical data are compared with findings from murine models of asthma and inhalable pollutant exposure. Moreover, the potential mechanisms by which both pollutants could aggravate asthma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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