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Lopez SG, Bonassar LJ. The role of SLRPs and large aggregating proteoglycans in collagen fibrillogenesis, extracellular matrix assembly, and mechanical function of fibrocartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:269-286. [PMID: 33726572 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1903887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteoglycans, especially small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), play major roles in facilitating the development and regulation of collagen fibers and other extracellular matrix components. However, their roles in fibrocartilage have not been widely reviewed. Here, we discuss both SLRP and large aggregating proteoglycan's roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular matrix assembly in fibrocartilage tissues such as the meniscus, annulus fibrosus (AF), and TMJ disc. We also discuss their expression levels throughout development, aging and degeneration, as well as repair. METHODS A review of literature discussing proteoglycans and collagen fibrillogenesis in fibrocartilage was conducted and data from these manuscripts were analyzed and grouped to discuss trends throughout the tissue's architectural zones and developmental stage. RESULTS The spatial collagen architecture of these fibrocartilaginous tissues is reflected in the distribution of proteoglycans expressed, suggesting that each proteoglycan plays an important role in the type of architecture presented and associated mechanical function. CONCLUSION The unique structure-function relationship of fibrocartilage makes the varied architectures throughout the tissues imperative for their success and understanding the functions of these proteoglycans in developing and maintaining the fiber structure could inform future work in fibrocartilage replacement using tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina G Lopez
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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Proteoglycans and Diseases of Soft Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:127-138. [PMID: 34807417 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist of protein cores to which at least one glycosaminoglycan chain is attached. They play important roles in the physiology and biomechanical function of tendons, ligaments, cardiovascular system, and other systems through their involvement in regulation of assembly and maintenance of extracellular matrix, and through their participation in cell proliferation together with growth factors. They can be divided into two main groups, small and large proteoglycans. The small proteoglycans are also known as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) which are encoded by 18 genes and are further subclassified into Classes I-V. Several members of Class I and II, such as decorin and biglycan from Class I, and Class II fibromodulin and lumican, are known to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis. Decorin limits the diameter of collagen fibrils during fibrillogenesis. The function of biglycan in fibrillogenesis is similar to that of decorin. Though biomechanical function of tendon is compromised in decorin-deficient mice, decorin can substitute for lack of biglycan in biglycan-deficient mice. New data also indicate an important role for biglycan in disorders of the cardiovascular system, including aortic valve stenosis and aortic dissection. Two members of the Class II of SLRPs, fibromodulin and lumican bind to the same site within the collagen molecule and can substitute for each other in fibromodulin- or lumican-deficient mice.Aggrecan and versican are the major representatives of the large proteoglycans. Though they are mainly found in the cartilage where they provide resilience and toughness, they are present also in tensile portions of tendons and, in slightly different biochemical form in fibrocartilage. Degradation by aggrecanase is responsible for the appearance of different forms of aggrecan and versican in different parts of the tendon where these cleaved forms play different roles. In addition, they are important components of the ventricularis of cardiac valves. Mutations in the gene for versican or in the gene for elastin (which binds to versican ) lead to severe disruptions of normal developmental of the heart at least in mice.
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Li C, Mills Z, Zheng Z. Novel cell sources for bone regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:145-174. [PMID: 34766140 PMCID: PMC8491221 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of both acute and chronic conditions, including traumatic, degenerative, malignant, or congenital disorders, commonly induce bone disorders often associated with severe persisting pain and limited mobility. Over 1 million surgical procedures involving bone excision, bone grafting, and fracture repair are performed each year in the U.S. alone, resulting in immense levels of public health challenges and corresponding financial burdens. Unfortunately, the innate self-healing capacity of bone is often inadequate for larger defects over a critical size. Moreover, as direct transplantation of committed osteoblasts is hindered by deficient cell availability, limited cell spreading, and poor survivability, an urgent need for novel cell sources for bone regeneration is concurrent. Thanks to the development in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming technology, many multipotent and pluripotent cells that manifest promising osteogenic potential are considered the regenerative remedy for bone defects. Considering these cells' investigation is still in its relative infancy, each of them offers their own particular challenges that must be conquered before the large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zane Mills
- College of DentistryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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4
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McCorry MC, Kim J, Springer NL, Sandy J, Plaas A, Bonassar LJ. Regulation of proteoglycan production by varying glucose concentrations controls fiber formation in tissue engineered menisci. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:173-183. [PMID: 31546030 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are highly prevalent in the extracellular matrix of all connective tissues and therefore commonly used as a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. In the native environment, collagen fibers are arranged in a complex hierarchical structure that is often difficult to recreate in a tissue engineered construct. Small leucine rich proteoglycans as well as hyaluronan binding proteoglycans, aggrecan and versican, have been implicated in regulating fiber formation. In this study, we modified proteoglycan production in vitro by altering culture medium glucose concentrations (4500, 1000, 500, 250, and 125 mg/L), and evaluated its effect on the formation of collagen fibers inside tissue engineered meniscal constructs. Reduction of extracellular glucose resulted in a dose dependent decrease in total sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, but minimal decreases of decorin and biglycan. However, fibromodulin doubled in production between 125 and 4500 mg/L glucose concentration. A peak in fiber formation was observed at 500 mg/L glucose concentration and corresponded with reductions in total GAG production. Fiber formation reduction at 125 and 250 mg/L glucose concentrations are likely due to changes in metabolic activity associated with a limited supply of glucose. These results point to proteoglycan production as a means to manipulate fiber architecture in tissue engineered constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fibrillar collagens are highly prevalent in the extracellular matrix of all connective tissues; however achieving appropriate assembly and organization of collagen fibers in engineered connective tissues is a persistent challenge. Proteoglycans have been implicated in regulating collagen fiber organization both in vivo and in vitro, however little is known about methods to control proteoglycan production and the subsequent fiber organization in tissue engineered menisci. Here, we show that media glucose content can be optimized to control proteoglycan production and collagen fiber assembly, with optimal collagen fiber assembly occurring at sub-physiologic levels of glucose.
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5
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Shu CC, Smith MM, Appleyard RC, Little CB, Melrose J. Achilles and tail tendons of perlecan exon 3 null heparan sulphate deficient mice display surprising improvement in tendon tensile properties and altered collagen fibril organisation compared to C57BL/6 wild type mice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5120. [PMID: 30042881 PMCID: PMC6056265 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the role of the perlecan (Hspg2) heparan sulphate (HS) side chains on cell and matrix homeostasis in tail and Achilles tendons in 3 and 12 week old Hspg2 exon 3 null HS deficient (Hspg2Δ3 − ∕Δ3 −) and C57 BL/6 Wild Type (WT) mice. Perlecan has important cell regulatory and matrix organizational properties through HS mediated interactions with a range of growth factors and morphogens and with structural extracellular matrix glycoproteins which define tissue function and allow the resident cells to regulate tissue homeostasis. It was expected that ablation of the HS chains on perlecan would severely disrupt normal tendon organization and functional properties and it was envisaged that this study would better define the role of HS in normal tendon function and in tendon repair processes. Tail and Achilles tendons from each genotype were biomechanically tested (ultimate tensile stress (UTS), tensile modulus (TM)) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (hydroxyproline) compositional analyses were undertaken. Tenocytes were isolated from tail tendons from each mouse genotype and grown in monolayer culture. These cultures were undertaken in the presence of FGF-2 to assess the cell signaling properties of each genotype. Total RNA was isolated from 3–12 week old tail and Achilles tendons and qRT-PCR was undertaken to assess the expression of the following genes Vcan, Bgn, Dcn, Lum, Hspg2, Ltbp1, Ltbp2, Eln and Fbn1. Type VI collagen and perlecan were immunolocalised in tail tendon and collagen fibrils were imaged using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FGF-2 stimulated tenocyte monolayers displayed elevated Adamts4, Mmp2, 3, 13 mRNA levels compared to WT mice. Non-stimulated tendon Col1A1, Vcan, Bgn, Dcn, Lum, Hspg2, Ltbp1, Ltbp2, Eln and Fbn1 mRNA levels showed no major differences between the two genotypes other than a decline with ageing while LTBP2 expression increased. Eln expression also declined to a greater extent in the perlecan exon 3 null mice (P < 0.05). Type VI collagen and perlecan were immunolocalised in tail tendon and collagen fibrils imaged using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This indicated a more compact form of collagen localization in the perlecan exon 3 null mice. Collagen fibrils were also smaller by TEM, which may facilitate a more condensed fibril packing accounting for the superior UTS displayed by the perlecan exon 3 null mice. The amplified catabolic phenotype of Hspg2Δ3 − ∕Δ3 − mice may account for the age-dependent decline in GAG observed in tail tendon over 3 to 12 weeks. After Achilles tenotomy Hspg2Δ3 − ∕Δ3 − and WT mice had similar rates of recovery of UTS and TM over 12 weeks post operatively indicating that a deficiency of HS was not detrimental to tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy C Shu
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard C Appleyard
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Surgical Skills Laboratory, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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McCorry MC, Bonassar LJ. Fiber development and matrix production in tissue-engineered menisci using bovine mesenchymal stem cells and fibrochondrocytes. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:329-341. [PMID: 27925474 PMCID: PMC5709035 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1267152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated with promising results for meniscus healing and tissue engineering. While MSCs are known to contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) production, less is known about how MSCs produce and align large organized fibers for application to tissue engineering the meniscus. The goal of this study was to investigate the capability of MSCs to produce and organize ECM molecules compared to meniscal fibrochondrocytes (FCCs). Bovine FCCs and MSCs were encapsulated in an anatomically accurate collagen meniscus using monoculture and co-culture of each cell type. Each meniscus was mechanically anchored at the horns to mimic the physiological fixation by the meniscal entheses. Mechanical fixation generates a static mechanical boundary condition previously shown to induce formation of oriented fiber by FCCs. Samples were cultured for 4 weeks and then evaluated for biochemical composition and fiber development. MSCs increased the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production in both co-culture and monoculture groups compared to FCC monoculture. Collagen organization was greatest in the FCC monoculture group. While MSCs had increased matrix production, they lacked the fiber organization capabilities of FCCs. This study suggests that GAG production and fiber formation are linked. Co-culture can be used as a means of balancing the synthetic properties of MSCs and the matrix remodeling capabilities of FCCs for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,Address Correspondence to: Lawrence J. Bonassar, PhD., Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 149 Weill Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, (607) 255-9381,
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Tillgren V, Mörgelin M, Önnerfjord P, Kalamajski S, Aspberg A. The Tyrosine Sulfate Domain of Fibromodulin Binds Collagen and Enhances Fibril Formation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23744-23755. [PMID: 27634037 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small leucine-rich proteoglycans interact with other extracellular matrix proteins and are important regulators of matrix assembly. Fibromodulin has a key role in connective tissues, binding collagen through two identified binding sites in its leucine-rich repeat domain and regulating collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo Some nine tyrosine residues in the fibromodulin N-terminal domain are O-sulfated, a posttranslational modification often involved in protein interactions. The N-terminal domain mimics heparin, binding proteins with clustered basic amino acid residues. Because heparin affects collagen fibril formation, we investigated whether tyrosine sulfate is involved in fibromodulin interactions with collagen. Using full-length fibromodulin and its N-terminal tyrosine-sulfated domain purified from tissue, as well as recombinant fibromodulin fragments, we found that the N-terminal domain binds collagen. The tyrosine-sulfated domain and the leucine-rich repeat domain both bound to three specific sites along the collagen type I molecule, at the N terminus and at 100 and 220 nm from the N terminus. The N-terminal domain shortened the collagen fibril formation lag phase and tyrosine sulfation was required for this effect. The isolated leucine-rich repeat domain inhibited the fibril formation rate, and full-length fibromodulin showed a combination of these effects. The fibrils formed in the presence of fibromodulin or its fragments showed more organized structure. Fibromodulin and its tyrosine sulfate domain remained bound on the formed fiber. Taken together, this suggests a novel, regulatory function for tyrosine sulfation in collagen interaction and control of fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveka Tillgren
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine (BMC) BMC-B14, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
| | - Anders Aspberg
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
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8
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Cytotoxicity of three commercial mouthrinses on extracellular matrix metabolism and human gingival cell behaviour. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 34:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Kalamajski S, Bihan D, Bonna A, Rubin K, Farndale RW. Fibromodulin Interacts with Collagen Cross-linking Sites and Activates Lysyl Oxidase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7951-60. [PMID: 26893379 PMCID: PMC4825002 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of fibrotic disorders is a highly cross-linked and dense collagen matrix, a property driven by the oxidative action of lysyl oxidase. Other fibrosis-associated proteins also contribute to the final collagen matrix properties, one of which is fibromodulin. Its interactions with collagen affect collagen cross-linking, packing, and fibril diameter. We investigated the possibility that a specific relationship exists between fibromodulin and lysyl oxidase, potentially imparting a specific collagen matrix phenotype. We mapped the fibromodulin-collagen interaction sites using the collagen II and III Toolkit peptide libraries. Fibromodulin interacted with the peptides containing the known collagen cross-linking sites and the MMP-1 cleavage site in collagens I and II. Interestingly, the interaction sites are closely aligned within the quarter-staggered collagen fibril, suggesting a multivalent interaction between fibromodulin and several collagen helices. Furthermore, we detected an interaction between fibromodulin and lysyl oxidase (a major collagen cross-linking enzyme) and mapped the interaction site to 12 N-terminal amino acids on fibromodulin. This interaction also increases the activity of lysyl oxidase. Together, the data suggest a fibromodulin-modulated collagen cross-linking mechanism where fibromodulin binds to a specific part of the collagen domain and also forms a complex with lysyl oxidase, targeting the enzyme toward specific cross-linking sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kalamajski
- From the Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village 406-3, 22363 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Dominique Bihan
- the Department of Biochemistry, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Arkadiusz Bonna
- the Department of Biochemistry, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Kristofer Rubin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village 406-3, 22363 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Richard W Farndale
- the Department of Biochemistry, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
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10
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Shami A, Tengryd C, Asciutto G, Bengtsson E, Nilsson J, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Gonçalves I. Expression of fibromodulin in carotid atherosclerotic plaques is associated with diabetes and cerebrovascular events. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:701-8. [PMID: 26125412 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The small leucine-rich proteoglycans fibromodulin and lumican are functionally related extracellular matrix proteins involved in the regulation of collagen fiber formation. Fibromodulin-deficient apolipoprotein E-null mice have decreased vascular retention of lipids and reduced development of atherosclerosis suggesting that fibromodulin may influence the disease process. The aim of the present study was to investigate if fibromodulin and lumican are expressed in human carotid plaques and to determine if their expression is associated with the occurrence of preoperative symptoms and with risk for postoperative cardiovascular events. METHODS AND RESULTS 153 plaques (51% symptomatic) obtained by carotid endarterectomy were included in this study. Plaque content was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and plaque cytokine content by multiplex technology. Fibromodulin and lumican were widely expressed in plaques and fibromodulin expression was significantly higher in symptomatic plaques. Expression of fibromodulin was significantly higher in plaques obtained from patients with diabetes and a high fibromodulin expression was associated with a higher incidence of post-operative cerebrovascular events, whereas no such associations were seen for lumican. Fibromodulin expression also correlated with plaque lipids and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, fibromodulin expression correlated with low levels of smooth muscle cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. CONCLUSIONS These observations support previous experimental findings in mice for a role of fibromodulin in atherosclerosis and provide clinical evidence of the involvement of fibromodulin in the inflammatory processes that characterize atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. They also suggest that this is of particular importance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Shami
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Biomedicinskt centrum (BMC): C12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christoffer Tengryd
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center (CRC), Jan Waldenströms gata 35, House 91-12, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Asciutto
- Vascular Centre Malmö-Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Ruth Lundskogs Gata 10, 1st Floor, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center (CRC), Jan Waldenströms gata 35, House 91-12, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center (CRC), Jan Waldenströms gata 35, House 91-12, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Hultgårdh-Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Biomedicinskt centrum (BMC): C12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Center (CRC), Jan Waldenströmsg 35, House 91-12, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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De Aro AA, Esquisatto MAM, Nishan U, Perez MO, Rodrigues RAF, Foglio MA, De Carvalho JE, Gomes L, Vidal BDC, Pimentel ER. Effect ofAloe veraapplication on the content and molecular arrangement of glycosaminoglycans during calcaneal tendon healing. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:964-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aparecida De Aro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Mylena Oliveira Perez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA); State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA); State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - João Ernesto De Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA); State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Laurecir Gomes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Benedicto De Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Edson Rosa Pimentel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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12
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Zheng Z, Lee KS, Zhang X, Nguyen C, Hsu C, Wang JZ, Rackohn TM, Enjamuri DR, Murphy M, Ting K, Soo C. Fibromodulin-deficiency alters temporospatial expression patterns of transforming growth factor-β ligands and receptors during adult mouse skin wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90817. [PMID: 24603701 PMCID: PMC3948369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromodulin (FMOD) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan required for scarless fetal cutaneous wound repair. Interestingly, increased FMOD levels have been correlated with decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression in multiple fetal and adult rodent models. Our previous studies demonstrated that FMOD-deficiency in adult animals results in delayed wound closure and increased scar size accompanied by loose package collagen fiber networks with increased fibril diameter. In addition, we found that FMOD modulates in vitro expression and activities of TGF-β ligands in an isoform-specific manner. In this study, temporospatial expression profiles of TGF-β ligands and receptors in FMOD-null and wild-type (WT) mice were compared by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using a full-thickness, primary intention wound closure model. During the inflammatory stage, elevated inflammatory infiltration accompanied by increased type I TGF-β receptor levels in individual inflammatory cells was observed in FMOD-null wounds. This increased inflammation was correlated with accelerated epithelial migration during the proliferative stage. On the other hand, significantly more robust expression of TGF-β3 and TGF-β receptors in FMOD-null wounds during the proliferative stage was associated with delayed dermal cell migration and proliferation, which led to postponed granulation tissue formation and wound closure and increased scar size. Compared with WT controls, expression of TGF-β ligands and receptors by FMOD-null dermal cells was markedly reduced during the remodeling stage, which may have contributed to the declined collagen synthesis capability and unordinary collagen architecture. Taken together, this study demonstrates that a single missing gene, FMOD, leads to conspicuous alternations in TGF-β ligand and receptor expression at all stages of wound repair in various cell types. Therefore, FMOD critically coordinates temporospatial distribution of TGF-β ligands and receptors in vivo, suggesting that FMOD modulates TGF-β bioactivity in a complex way beyond simple physical binding to promote proper wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin Nguyen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chingyun Hsu
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce Z. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate/Kings Country Hospital Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Todd Matthew Rackohn
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Dwarak Reddy Enjamuri
- Department of Psychobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Murphy
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Effect of the Arrabidaea chica extract on collagen fiber organization during healing of partially transected tendon. Life Sci 2013; 92:799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lauder RM, Huckerby TN, Nieduszynski IA. Lectin affinity chromatography of articular cartilage fibromodulin: Some molecules have keratan sulphate chains exclusively capped by α(2-3)-linked sialic acid. Glycoconj J 2011; 28:453-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-011-9343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Merline R, Schaefer RM, Schaefer L. The matricellular functions of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 3:323-35. [PMID: 19809894 PMCID: PMC2778586 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are biologically active components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), consisting of a protein core with leucine rich-repeat (LRR) motifs covalently linked to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains. The diversity in composition resulting from the various combinations of protein cores substituted with one or more GAG chains along with their pericellular localization enables SLRPs to interact with a host of different cell surface receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and other ECM components, leading to modulation of cellular functions. SLRPs are capable of binding to: (i) different types of collagens, thereby regulating fibril assembly, organization, and degradation; (ii) Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement C1q, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), regulating innate immunity and inflammation; (iii) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), and c-Met, influencing cellular proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, tumor growth and metastasis as well as synthesis of other ECM components; (iv) low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP-1) and TGF-beta, modulating cytokine activity and fibrogenesis; and (v) growth factors such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP-4) and Wnt-I-induced secreted protein-1 (WISP-1), controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, the ability of SLRPs, as ECM components, to directly or indirectly regulate cell-matrix crosstalk, resulting in the modulation of various biological processes, aptly qualifies these compounds as matricellular proteins.
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